WO2022102448A1 - 造粒吸着材及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
造粒吸着材及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022102448A1 WO2022102448A1 PCT/JP2021/040227 JP2021040227W WO2022102448A1 WO 2022102448 A1 WO2022102448 A1 WO 2022102448A1 JP 2021040227 W JP2021040227 W JP 2021040227W WO 2022102448 A1 WO2022102448 A1 WO 2022102448A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cyano complex
- granulation
- adsorbent
- metal
- metal cyano
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 126
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 43
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 102
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 102
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 98
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen cyanide Chemical compound N#C LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003608 titanium Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009775 high-speed stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000012716 precipitator Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000003311 flocculating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 46
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 20
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 13
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 12
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- NCMHKCKGHRPLCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium(1+) Chemical compound [Cs+] NCMHKCKGHRPLCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- -1 cesium ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- XRASGLNHKOPXQL-UHFFFAOYSA-L azane 2-oxidopropanoate titanium(4+) dihydrate Chemical compound N.N.O.O.[Ti+4].CC([O-])C([O-])=O.CC([O-])C([O-])=O XRASGLNHKOPXQL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000648 calcium alginate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960002681 calcium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- OKHHGHGGPDJQHR-YMOPUZKJSA-L calcium;(2s,3s,4s,5s,6r)-6-[(2r,3s,4r,5s,6r)-2-carboxy-6-[(2r,3s,4r,5s,6r)-2-carboxylato-4,5,6-trihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Ca+2].O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)O[C@@H](C([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O2)C([O-])=O)O)[C@H](C(O)=O)O1 OKHHGHGGPDJQHR-YMOPUZKJSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000276 potassium ferrocyanide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013076 target substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- XOGGUFAVLNCTRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapotassium;iron(2+);hexacyanide Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[Fe+2].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] XOGGUFAVLNCTRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CN(C)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
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- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IYRDVAUFQZOLSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper iron Chemical compound [Fe].[Cu] IYRDVAUFQZOLSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.[Cu+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- WQOXQRCZOLPYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl disulfide Chemical compound CSSC WQOXQRCZOLPYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 description 2
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- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052705 radium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001419 rubidium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- UTYXJYFJPBYDKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapotassium;iron(2+);hexacyanide;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[Fe+2].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] UTYXJYFJPBYDKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- AIFLGMNWQFPTAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 2-hydroxypropanoate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CC(O)C([O-])=O.CC(O)C([O-])=O.CC(O)C([O-])=O.CC(O)C([O-])=O AIFLGMNWQFPTAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QMMFVYPAHWMCMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl sulfide Chemical compound CSC QMMFVYPAHWMCMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N acetaldehyde Chemical compound [14CH]([14CH3])=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001095 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004255 ion exchange chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- DCYOBGZUOMKFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);iron(3+);octadecacyanide Chemical compound [Fe+2].[Fe+2].[Fe+2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] DCYOBGZUOMKFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013259 porous coordination polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010408 potassium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000737 potassium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- MZYRDLHIWXQJCQ-YZOKENDUSA-L potassium alginate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].O1[C@@H](C([O-])=O)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](C([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O MZYRDLHIWXQJCQ-YZOKENDUSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011085 pressure filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003351 prussian blue Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N radium atom Chemical compound [Ra] HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003232 water-soluble binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/2803—Sorbents comprising a binder, e.g. for forming aggregated, agglomerated or granulated products
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/0203—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04
- B01J20/0225—Compounds of Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt
- B01J20/0229—Compounds of Fe
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/0203—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04
- B01J20/0233—Compounds of Cu, Ag, Au
- B01J20/0237—Compounds of Cu
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
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- B01J20/3021—Milling, crushing or grinding
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/3028—Granulating, agglomerating or aggregating
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- B01J20/3042—Use of binding agents; addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the produced sorbent
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
- C01C3/00—Cyanogen; Compounds thereof
- C01C3/08—Simple or complex cyanides of metals
- C01C3/11—Complex cyanides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/288—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using composite sorbents, e.g. coated, impregnated, multi-layered
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- B01D2253/112—Metals or metal compounds not provided for in B01D2253/104 or B01D2253/106
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- B01D2253/20—Organic adsorbents
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- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D2253/25—Coated, impregnated or composite adsorbents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D2257/406—Ammonia
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/06—Polluted air
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a granulation adsorbent that adsorbs small ions and / or small molecules and a method for producing the same.
- Adsorbents are used for various purposes, but are particularly important for removing harmful substances present in trace amounts from water and the atmosphere and recovering beneficial substances.
- an adsorbent such as activated carbon or zeolite is used for the purpose of removing organic substances in the atmosphere or water.
- These adsorbents are characterized by having a network of minute spaces in the material, and adsorb substances in the minute spaces to remove and recover them.
- the metal cyano complex is known as an adsorbent that adsorbs small-sized molecules and ions, and in particular, radioactive cesium ions (Patent Document 1, Non-Patent Document 1) and ammonia (Patent Document 2). It is known that 3) is selectively adsorbed.
- the metal cyano complex is characterized in that the size of the minute space is smaller than that of zeolite or the like, it has a large number of metal ions in the crystal, and the molecule is adsorbed by a coordinate bond.
- an adsorbent using a metal cyano complex can improve the specific surface area and the adsorption characteristics by making it into nanoparticles (Non-Patent Document 2).
- Non-Patent Document 2 when it is made into nanoparticles, it may be difficult to handle it in terms of chemical engineering. For example, when the column is filled with an adsorbent and aerated or passed through, if the particles of the adsorbent are small, problems such as clogging occur.
- Patent Document 4 a method of supporting the material on a material having a large specific surface area such as a non-woven fabric
- Patent Documents 5 and 6 a method of using an adsorbent as a granulation adsorbent to increase the particle size
- the former method has a problem that the amount of the metal cyano complex occupying the adsorbent is relatively small, so that the weight of the adsorbent or the adsorption capacity per volume is small. Therefore, when treating a large amount of water / air, the latter method having a large adsorption capacity per adsorbent is preferable.
- Patent Document 5 proposes a method of adding potassium alginate to a slurry of a metal cyano complex, dropping it onto calcium chloride to form calcium alginate, and using it as a binder.
- Patent Document 6 proposes a method in which polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is added to spray-dried metal cyano complex powder and kneaded to use PVA as a binder.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- Non-Patent Document 3 the size of a general spray dryer is described in Non-Patent Document 3.
- the approximate dimensions of the device are 7 meters ⁇ 4.5 meters ⁇ 6 meters.
- the general concentration of the metal cyano complex slurry is about 9 to 10%, it is considered that the production of 1 kg / hr is limited to the use of the spray dryer.
- the temperature inside the dryer may momentarily exceed 100 ° C., and there is a danger that hydrogen cyanide will be generated.
- Patent Document 7 As a method for producing a powder of a metal cyano complex slurry other than spray drying, a method of solid-liquid separation of the slurry, dehydration and then drying is disclosed in Patent Document 7, and a centrifugal separation method is used as the solid-liquid separation method. ing.
- the primary particles of the metal cyano complex slurry are as small as 100 nanometers or less, and the centrifugation method requires high-speed rotation of 10,000 rpm or more, so that mass processing is difficult.
- filtration using filter paper or filter cloth also has a problem in the case of mass processing because clogging occurs due to the small size of the primary particles.
- a metal cyano complex when used as an adsorbent, a granulated adsorbent which can be expected to be produced in a certain amount at low cost, has high strength, and is particularly stable in water is required. Further, in the production method, no method has been found that enables easy mass processing, especially when producing powder from a metal cyano complex slurry, and spray drying that requires a large-scale device is used. I needed it. From the viewpoint of safety, a part of the metal cyano complex is partially liberated by heating to become hydrogen cyanide (see FIG. 11 of Non-Patent Document 1), so that the metal cyano complex is heated in each manufacturing process. It is necessary to eliminate the cause.
- the inventors have optimized the solid-liquid separation and drying method at the time of manufacturing, and the additives in the process by using the coagulation-precipitating material and the like.
- temperature control we have found the required granulated adsorbent and its manufacturing method.
- a granulation adsorbent that adsorbs small ions and / or small molecules. It contains a metal cyano complex as an active ingredient, and contains a coagulation-precipitating material, a binder, and a cross-linking agent for coagulating and precipitating the metal cyano complex from a sol containing the metal cyano complex.
- a granulation adsorbent in which the coagulation-precipitating material is an organic polymer coagulant.
- a method for producing a granulation adsorbent containing a metal cyano complex that adsorbs small ions and / or small molecules as an active ingredient A step of adding a coagulating precipitate to a metal cyano complex slurry and then dehydrating the metal cyano complex slurry to prepare a obtained metal cyano complex dehydrated cake. The step of heating and drying the metal cyano complex dehydrated cake to prepare a metal cyano complex dried block, The step of crushing the metal cyano complex drying block into a metal cyano complex powder, A step of preparing a mixture containing the metal cyano complex powder, a binder, a cross-linking agent and water, and granulating using the mixture.
- a method for producing a granulation adsorbent containing [8] The method for producing a granulated adsorbent according to [7], which suppresses the generation of hydrogen cyanide by performing all the above steps at 70 ° C. or lower. [9] The method for producing a granulation adsorbent according to [7] or [8], which eliminates the need for high-speed stirring by injecting the binder in a dispersed manner and spraying and spraying the cross-linking agent in the preparation of the mixture. .. [10] The method for producing a granulation adsorbent according to any one of [7] to [9], which uses a polymer flocculant as the coagulation-precipitating material.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a granulated adsorbent that sufficiently exhibits adsorption ability without using a spray drying method or the like, which is costly due to an increase in the size of the apparatus.
- temperature control during manufacturing is easy, safety management during work is easy, and it is possible to provide a cheaper and simpler method.
- the obtained granulated adsorbent has sufficient strength and adsorption. Retains both functions.
- Example 1 shows the typical crystal structure of a metal cyano complex.
- Example 1 it is a micrograph of a metal cyano complex powder obtained at a drying temperature not exceeding 40 ° C. and a water content of 5% or less, and the right is a partially enlarged photograph of the photograph.
- the adsorbent refers to a material intended to remove small ions and small molecules contained in water and the atmosphere from the target water and the atmosphere by incorporating them into the adsorbent.
- the taken-in small ions and small molecules may be desorbed by some method such as washing with water or heating.
- the desorbed small ions / molecules may be reused as valuable resources, or the adsorbent itself may be returned to the state before adsorption or a state similar thereto to regenerate the function as the adsorbent.
- the small ion means one containing one or two atoms having an atomic number larger than that of helium ion, and lithium ion, sodium ion, potassium ion, ammonium ion, rubidium ion, cesium ion, magnesium ion, potassium. Ions and the like can be mentioned.
- the metal cyano complex has high selectivity of cesium ion, rubidium ion, and ammonium ion, and is used for the purpose of removing / recovering them, but is not limited thereto.
- the small molecule means a molecule containing 5 or less atoms having an atomic number larger than that of lithium ion, and is ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methyl sulfide, methyl disulfide, trimethylamine, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, methanol, ethanol, and propanol. , Water, etc.
- the metal cyano complex has high selectivity of ammonia and is used for the purpose of removing / recovering them, but the metal cyano complex is not limited thereto.
- the metal cyano complex in the present embodiment is a kind of porous coordination polymer, and has a metal ion (a cation having a positive charge) and a cyano group (a negative charge) which is a kind of a ligand that cross-links the metal ion. It has a CN- ) of anion.
- a metal cyano complex is a series of compounds called a metal cyano complex that structurally has a hexacyanometal ion.
- the metal cyano complex has a nanovoid structure that can take in the target gas inside. The size of this nano-void structure, that is, the pore size is 0.3 to 0.6 nm.
- the metal cyano complex is assembled by regularly repeating this nanovoid structure. Therefore, the metal cyano complex has a large surface area and can efficiently adsorb and desorb ammonia species with high selectivity.
- the metal cyano complex in the present embodiment has a face-centered cubic structure shown in FIG. 1 as a typical crystal structure, and is represented by the following general formula (1).
- x is 0 to 3
- y is 0.1 to 1.5
- z is 0 to 6.
- A is one or more cations of hydrogen, ammonium, alkali metals, and alkaline earth metals.
- M and M' are independent of each other and are one or more cations of atoms with atomic numbers 3 to 83.
- M and M' are the cations of hydrogen, ammonium, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and franchium alkali metals, as well as magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium alkaline earth metals. is not.
- A is an alkali metal of hydrogen, ammonium, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and franchium, and one or more cations of alkaline earth metals of magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium.
- A may be a mixture of two or more types of cations, and x is a value that maintains the charge balance of the entire metal cyano complex.
- M examples include vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, ruthenium, cobalt, rhodium, nickel, palladium, platinum, copper, silver, zinc, indium, lanthanum, europium, gadrinium, and one or more metal cations of lutethium. .. M may be a mixture of two or more types of cations and is present in the metal cyano complex so as to maintain the charge balance of the entire metal cyano complex. M'includes vanadium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, iron, ruthenium, cobalt, nickel, platinum, and one or more metal cations of copper. From the viewpoint of the stability of the cyanide in the PB derivative, M'is preferably iron or cobalt.
- the combination of M and M' can control the characteristics of the adsorbent, such as adsorption capacity, adsorption rate, selectivity, and stability as a material.
- M is Fe 3+ and M'is Fe 2+
- M is Cu 2+ and M'is Fe 2+
- M is Co 2+ and M'is Co 3+
- M is Cu 3+ .
- the pores of the nanovoid structure of the PB derivative having the various A, M, and M'described above efficiently adsorb Cs + having an ionic radius of 0.183 nm with high selectivity. Since the nanovoid structure surrounded by the negatively charged CN in one of the skeletons of the metal cyano complex, that is, the pores are charged and spatially compatible with the positively charged Cs ions, Cs + is efficiently adsorbed on the pores. It is thought that it is because it does.
- the positive charge and magnitude of ammonium ion NH 4+ having an ionic radius of 0.175 nm is close to the positive charge and magnitude of Cs + .
- This is considered to be one of the factors that the metal cyano complex efficiently adsorbs ammonia species.
- ammonia In the atmosphere, water molecules are often bound to the metal site M, but it is known that ammonia is more easily coordinated to a metal than water, and is replaced with the coordinated water molecule. As a result, ammonia binds to the metal site M. This is also considered to be one of the factors for the metal cyano complex to efficiently adsorb ammonia species.
- the granulated adsorbent refers to an adsorbent in which a metal cyano complex having an adsorbing function is used as a main component, and a binder and a cross-linking agent for maintaining strength are mixed to form granules.
- the coagulation-precipitating material added at the time of solid-liquid separation is also included in the granulation adsorbent.
- the binder is added for the purpose of maintaining the strength of the granulated adsorbent by mixing it with a metal cyano complex having an adsorption function.
- the cross-linking agent makes the binder insoluble by cross-linking between the binders by various bonds, and elutes the binder in water, elutes the metal cyano complex, and the granulation adsorbent. It is added for the purpose of preventing deterioration such as powder falling and disintegration.
- the coagulation-precipitating material is generally used for solid-liquid separation of a slurry which is a mixture of fine particles and water, and is used for sewage treatment and the like. That is, by aggregating fine particles called suspensions existing in the sewage to be treated, clogging during filtration treatment is prevented, precipitation is performed quickly to remove the supernatant, and the sedimentation rate during centrifugation is increased. It is added for the purpose of improving the processing speed. In this case, the added flocculant remains on the solid-liquid separated solid side, that is, on the dehydrated cake.
- Patent Document 9 in an adsorbent containing a poorly water-soluble ferrocyanide metal compound, the adsorbent having a granular or sheet-like form is brought into contact with a treatment liquid containing an inorganic polymer flocculant, and then the adsorbent is brought into contact with the treatment liquid. Furthermore, it has been reported that the elution of ferrocyanide ions when used for removing cesium can be reduced by contacting with an alkaline treatment agent having a pH of 7 to 9.
- the method of using the coagulated precipitate material in the present invention is completely different from these.
- the coagulated precipitate is used at the time of manufacture, not at the time of using the adsorbent. This makes it possible to use general solid-liquid separation / dehydration methods such as centrifugation and filtration. Therefore, the performance required for the coagulated precipitate is also different from the case where it is added to the water to be treated when the above-mentioned adsorbent is used. A part of the coagulated precipitate added to the metal cyano complex slurry remains as it is in the metal cyano complex dehydrated cake and further in the final product adsorbent.
- the coagulation-precipitating material does not impair the adsorption function. That is, even when a coagulation-precipitating material is used for solid-liquid separation of a metal cyano complex slurry, it is necessary to appropriately select the coagulation-precipitating material to be used depending on the application, and only the solid-liquid separation performance is taken into consideration. Therefore, it is not possible to select a coagulation sedimentation material. Furthermore, it is desirable that the substance is not subject to new legal compliance in terms of management as an adsorbent. In terms of law, in the case of conventional usage, waste treatment, etc.
- coagulating precipitate aluminum sulfate, polyaluminum chloride, ferric chloride, polyferrous sulfate, ferrous sulfate, calcium hydroxide, polymer flocculant and the like are used.
- an organic polymer flocculant is used, and an amphoteric polymer flocculant is more preferable, and a polymer flocculant containing acrylamide and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate as main components is further preferable.
- a metal cyano complex is produced by mixing an aqueous solution of a raw material, and in that step, a mixture of the metal cyano complex and water (hereinafter referred to as "slurry") is obtained.
- a metal cyano complex powder is obtained by using the coagulated precipitate obtained by adding the above-mentioned coagulated precipitate to this slurry, and then a binder, a cross-linking agent and a cross-linking agent are added to the obtained metal cyano complex powder. It is granulated by mixing water.
- the binder in the present invention is also preferably water-soluble, more preferably a water-soluble polymer, and particularly preferably polyvinyl alcohol.
- the degree of polymerization of polyvinyl alcohol is not particularly limited, but according to Patent Document 6, it is desirable that the degree of polymerization is 1700 or more from the viewpoint of maintaining the shape of the granulation adsorbent.
- the degree of saponification is not particularly limited, but is preferably 97% or more. However, it should be noted here that, in Patent Document 6, no cross-linking agent is added when the granulation adsorbent is produced.
- polyvinyl alcohol is insolubilized by the addition of the cross-linking agent, so the above index is merely a guideline, and the granulated adsorbent can be maintained even with a smaller degree of polymerization and saponification.
- Cross-linking agent In the present invention, it is extremely important to add a cross-linking agent. As described above, in order to properly mix the metal cyano complex and the binder, it is desirable that the binder is also water-soluble. However, when a water-soluble binder is used, when the granulator adsorbent is used, if it comes into contact with water, problems such as elution of the binder occur at that time, and the granulator adsorbent is used. It is also difficult to maintain the strength of. Therefore, it is important to add a cross-linking agent that insolubilizes the binder. On the other hand, the cross-linking agent generally functions by heating and often insolubilizes the binder.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram of “temperature dependence of HCN concentration in the bag after enclosing CuPBA nanoparticles in an aluminum bag for 24 hours”, which is published as FIG. 11 in Non-Patent Document 1.
- the cross-linking agent is preferably water-soluble, and the cross-linking agent is preferably cross-linked by heating at 70 ° C. or lower, and is heated at 60 ° C. or lower, from the viewpoint of the temperature limit at the time of heating the metal cyano complex. It is more preferable that it is crosslinked by heating, and it is particularly preferable that it is crosslinked by heating at 50 ° C. or lower. From this viewpoint, titanium lactate ammonium salt, titanium lactate, and titanium diisopropoxybis (triethanolamite) are preferable, and titanium lactate ammonium salt is particularly preferable.
- the granulation adsorbent of the present embodiment may be a mixture with other substances or a composite with other materials due to the addition of other functions or the convenience of installation in use. You may. For example, it may be a mixture with another adsorbent such as activated carbon to expand the adsorption target, or it may be applied on a building member and compounded to form a building member that adsorbs the target substance.
- the method for producing a granulation adsorbent in this embodiment includes the following steps. 1. 1. 2. Step of preparing a metal cyano complex dehydrated cake by dehydrating the metal cyano complex slurry after adding the coagulation precipitate. 2. Step of preparing a metal cyano complex dried block by heating and drying the metal cyano complex dehydrated cake. 3. Step of crushing the metal cyano complex dried cake into a metal cyano complex powder. A step of preparing a mixture containing the metal cyano complex powder, a binder, a cross-linking agent and water, and granulating using the mixture.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a manufacturing process of a granulation adsorbent in this embodiment.
- a particularly characteristic point in this step is the method for preparing the metal cyano complex powder.
- the powder is prepared by utilizing spray drying, and is obtained as a fine powder having a particle size of 10 to 60 micrometers. While this has the feature that the specific surface area of the adsorbent can be increased, it requires a large-scale device in the manufacturing process, and has a problem of high cost.
- a dehydration step and a heat drying step are used in powder production. By using these steps, it is possible to dramatically reduce the size of the equipment used.
- the dehydration method in the present embodiment is not particularly limited as long as the metal cyano complex slurry is dehydrated and solid-liquid separation is possible. Dehydration of the metal cyano complex slurry becomes extremely easy due to the addition of the coagulation-precipitating material. Since the secondary particles in the metal cyano complex slurry are about several micrometers without the addition of the coagulation precipitate, a method capable of solid-liquid separation is required. However, in the present invention, since the size of the metal cyano complex becomes such that spontaneous precipitation occurs due to the addition of the coagulation sedimentation material, the selection range of the dehydration method is greatly expanded.
- a coagulation precipitate is added to the metal cyano complex slurry.
- the coagulation precipitate aluminum sulfate, polyaluminum chloride, ferric chloride, polyferric sulfate, ferrous sulfate, calcium hydroxide, polymer flocculant and the like can be used.
- the coagulation-precipitating material used here remains in the produced granulation adsorbent, it is necessary to select it so that elution during use does not become a problem.
- the pH of the metal cyano complex slurry differs depending on the metal species, it is necessary to select a coagulation precipitate material according to the pH or adjust the pH before adding the coagulation precipitate material.
- the heat-drying method in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the metal cyano complex dehydrated cake can be dried, as long as the temperature around the dehydrated cake can be raised above normal temperature.
- the temperature is preferably 70 ° C. or lower, more preferably 60 ° C. or lower, and even more preferably 50 ° C. or lower (see FIG. 2).
- a shelf dryer, a granulation dryer, a box dryer, a rotary dryer, a vacuum dryer, a vacuum dryer, a low temperature dryer and the like can be used.
- the secondary particle size of the powder after pulverization is 500 micrometers or less, and more preferably 100 micrometers or less.
- the lower limit of the secondary particle size is not particularly limited, but is practically about 500 nanometers. However, it should be noted that if the secondary particle size is small, it may fly up during manufacturing.
- a crushing method a cutter mill, a roll crusher, a stone mill type crusher, a ring mill, a roller mill, a jet mill, a hammer mill, an attritor, a bead mill and the like can be used.
- the method of mixing the metal cyano complex powder with the binder and the cross-linking agent there is no problem as long as they are sufficiently mixed, and for example, a ribbon mixer, a cutter mixer, a screw mixer, a vibration mixer and the like can be used. However, because of the uniform mixing method and the mixing method at a low temperature, it is effective to disperse the binder and spray the cross-linking agent at 500 rpm or less.
- the method for granulating the mixture is not particularly limited as long as a granulating adsorbent having a desired particle size can be obtained, and a bread granulation method, a drum granulation method, an extrusion granulation method, a stirring granulation method and the like can be used. ..
- Example 1 The granulation adsorbent A1 for ammonia gas was synthesized as follows by the process shown in FIG. 1. 1.
- a raw material aqueous solution 7.77 mol of copper sulfate pentahydrate was dissolved in 9.25 kg of water to prepare a 10 L copper sulfate aqueous solution LC1. Further, 4.24 mol of potassium ferrocyanide trihydrate was dissolved in 8.15 kg of water to prepare 9 L of potassium ferrocyanide aqueous solution LF1.
- FIG. 4 is a micrograph of the dry powder DP1, and the right is a partially enlarged photograph of the photograph. Separately, a 10% by weight aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol was prepared as a binder, and a titanium lactate ammonium salt was prepared as a cross-linking agent.
- P1 was added to P1 in the order of the binder and the cross-linking agent without taking out P1 from the cutter mixer.
- a wet powder WP1 in which a copper-iron cyano complex, a coagulating precipitate, a binder and a cross-linking agent were mixed was obtained.
- Granulation / Drying Wet powder WP1 was put into an extruder (F-5, manufactured by Dalton) to obtain a water-containing granulation adsorbent WA1.
- This hydrous granulation adsorbent WA1 was dried at 50 ° C. for 24 hours in a shelf dryer to obtain a granulation adsorbent A1 for ammonia gas.
- Example 2 Separately, a granulation adsorbent A2 for ions (cesium ion and ammonium ion) was prepared.
- the adsorbent for ammonia gas and the adsorbent for ions have different mixing ratios of copper sulfate and potassium ferrocyanide. Therefore, in the manufacturing process of the granulated adsorbent for ammonia gas, the above 1.
- a granulation adsorbent for ions can be obtained by changing the preparation of the raw material aqueous solution.
- Example 3 An ammonia gas adsorption test was conducted using the granulation adsorbent A1 for ammonia gas. 40 g of the granulation adsorbent A1 for ammonia gas was weighed and filled in a 30 mm ⁇ vinyl chloride tube to prepare a column. Ammonia-containing air having an ammonia concentration of about 600 ppm was aerated through the column at a flow rate of 15.5 L / min. Ammonia concentrations before and after the column were measured using a detector tube (3M / 3L, manufactured by Gastec).
- FIG. 5 shows the ammonia concentrations before (- ⁇ -) and after (- ⁇ -) the column when the column filled with the granulation adsorbent A1 for ammonia gas is aerated with the atmosphere containing ammonia.
- the ammonia concentration before the column remained at about 600 ppm, while the ammonia concentration after the column could be reduced to 100 ppm or less at the beginning, and even after 250 minutes or more, the value was sufficiently lower than that before the column. From this, it was found that the granulated adsorbent for ammonia gas produced in Example 1 had sufficient ammonia gas adsorbing ability.
- Example 4 The relationship between the temperature during the production of the granulated adsorbent and the generation of hydrogen cyanide gas was evaluated.
- step 5 described in Example 1 the concentration of hydrogen cyanide in the cutter mixer was measured and found to be 5 ppm or less. This was below the permissible concentration indicated by the Japan Society for Occupational Health.
- the concentration of hydrogen cyanide in the apparatus was measured and found to be 25 ppm. Thus, it was shown that hydrogen cyanide is generated when the working temperature rises.
- Example 5 A batch shaking test was conducted to evaluate the adsorptive power of the ion granulation adsorbent A2.
- 100 mg of the granulation adsorbent A2 was weighed, put into 10 mL of an aqueous ammonium chloride solution, and shaken at 600 rpm for 24 hours with a shaking device.
- Ammonium chloride aqueous solution was prepared at a concentration of 100, 500, 1000, 4000 mg-NH 4 / L, respectively. Then, the shaking solution was filtered through a filter having a pore size of 0.45 micrometer to prepare a sample solution, the ammonium ion concentration in the sample solution was evaluated by an ion chromatography method, and an adsorption isotherm was prepared.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an adsorption isotherm of the ionic granulation adsorbent A2. From this result, it was found that the granulated adsorbent produced by the method of the present invention exhibits sufficient ammonium ion adsorbing ability.
- the concentration in the test solution was 20 mg / L, that is, about 20 mg / kg (water), and the concentration in the adsorbent was about 9 mg / g, that is, 9000 mg / kg (adsorbent). This indicates that the concentration in the adsorbent is about 450 times the concentration in water, and it can be seen that it has sufficient adsorption capacity.
- Example 6 The cesium ion adsorbing ability of the ionic granulation adsorbent A2 was evaluated by the same method as in Example 5. In this case, an aqueous solution of cesium chloride was prepared instead of the aqueous solution of ammonium chloride. The concentration was adjusted to 10, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 5000 mg / L. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used for the cesium ion concentration. The obtained adsorption isotherm is shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, it was found that cesium ion, like ammonium ion, also exhibits a sufficiently high adsorption capacity.
- the adsorbent of the present invention is granulated, and its handling is easier than that of powder. Further, in the production method of the present invention, it is possible to provide an adsorbent that exhibits sufficient adsorption ability without using a spray drying method or the like, which is costly due to an increase in the size of the apparatus, and temperature control during production is also simple. Therefore, safety management during work becomes easy.
- the obtained granulated adsorbent can be used as an adsorbent for ammonia gas, ammonium ion, cesium ion, etc., as an adsorbent for wastewater treatment, exhaust gas treatment, environmental evaluation pretreatment, and the like.
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Abstract
Description
例えば、大気中や水中の有機物を除去することを目的として、活性炭やゼオライトなどの吸着材が使用される。これらの吸着材は、その材料の中に微小空間のネットワークを有していることが特徴であり、微小空間に物質を吸着させ、除去・回収する。
一方、ナノ粒子化させた場合、化学工学的な取り扱いが困難となる場合がある。例えば、カラムに吸着材を充填し、通気または通液させる場合、吸着材の粒子が小さいと、閉塞などの問題が発生する。この問題を解決するため、不織布などの比表面積の大きい材料に担持させる方法(特許文献4)や、吸着材を造粒吸着材とし、粒径を大きくする方法(特許文献5、特許文献6)が提案されてきた。前者の方法は、吸着材を占める金属シアノ錯体の量が比較的少ないため、吸着材重量または体積当たりの吸着容量が小さくなる、という課題がある。よって、大量の水・大気を処理する場合には、吸着材あたりの吸着容量の大きい後者の方法が好ましい。
結着材の使用法として、例えば、特許文献5では、金属シアノ錯体のスラリーに、アルギン酸カリウムを添加、塩化カルシウムに滴下することでアルギン酸カルシウムを形成、それを結着材として利用する方法が提案されている。
また、特許文献6では、噴霧乾燥した金属シアノ錯体粉末にポリビニルアルコール(PVA)を添加し、混錬することでPVAを結着材として利用する方法が提案されている。この方法では、噴霧乾燥を利用することで、10~50μmという比較的小さく、球状の粉末が得られるという特徴を活用し、結着材であるPVAが、金属シアノ錯体の球状粉末を架橋する形となり、大きな比表面積と、造粒吸着材の強度維持が両立できるとしている。
また、特許文献6の方法では、金属シアノ錯体と水の混合物(以後、金属シアノ錯体スラリーという)の微小球状粉末を作製することが肝要であるが、それに使用する噴霧乾燥の装置サイズが極めて大きく、製造コストが増大する、という問題がある。特に、装置サイズが大きくなる、工場設置費用などが大きな課題となる。例えば、一般的な噴霧乾燥装置のサイズが非特許文献3に記載されている。この場合、水分蒸発量として10kg/hrの場合で装置の概略寸法が7メートル×4.5メートル×6メートルとされている。金属シアノ錯体スラリーの一般的な濃度は9~10%程度であることから、上記噴霧乾燥機の利用により、1kg/hrの生産にとどまると考えられる。さらに、噴霧乾燥の場合は、乾燥機内の温度が瞬間的に100℃を超えることがあり、シアン化水素が発生する危険がある。
また、安全性の面からは、金属シアノ錯体の一部は加熱により、一部シアノ基が遊離し、シアン化水素となるため(非特許文献1の図11参照)、各々の製造工程において、加熱する原因を除く必要がある。
[1]小イオン及び/又は小分子を吸着する造粒吸着材であって、
金属シアノ錯体を有効成分とし、該金属シアノ錯体を含むスラリーから金属シアノ錯体を凝集沈殿させるための凝集沈殿材、結着材及び架橋剤を含み、
前記凝集沈殿材が有機系高分子凝集剤である造粒吸着材。
[2]前記有機系高分子凝集剤が、両性型の高分子凝集剤である、[1]の造粒吸着材。
[3]前記架橋剤が、60℃以下の加熱により前記結着材を架橋できる機能を有する、[1]又は[2]の造粒吸着材。
[4]前記架橋剤が、有機チタン塩である、[3]の造粒吸着材。
[5]前記結着材が、水溶性高分子である、[1]~[4]のいずれかの造粒吸着材。
[6]前記結着材が、ポリビニルアルコールである、[5]の造粒吸着材。
[7]小イオン及び/又は小分子を吸着する金属シアノ錯体を有効成分とする造粒吸着材の製造方法であって、
金属シアノ錯体スラリーに凝集沈殿材を添加後、該金属シアノ錯体スラリーを脱水し、得られた金属シアノ錯体脱水ケーキを調製する工程、
前記金属シアノ錯体脱水ケーキを加熱乾燥し、金属シアノ錯体乾燥ブロックを調製する工程、
前記金属シアノ錯体乾燥ブロックを粉砕して金属シアノ錯体粉末とする工程、
前記金属シアノ錯体粉末、結着材、架橋剤及び水を含む混合物を調整し、該混合物を用いて造粒する工程、
を含む造粒吸着材の製造方法。
[8]前記の全工程を70℃以下で行うことにより、シアン化水素の発生を抑制する、[7]の造粒吸着材の製造方法。
[9]前記混合物の調製において、前記結着材を分散注入し、前記架橋剤を噴霧散布することにより、高速撹拌を不要とした、[7]又は[8]の造粒吸着材の製造方法。
[10]前記凝集沈殿材として、高分子凝集剤を用いる、[7]~[9]のいずれかの造粒吸着材の製造方法。
[11]前記架橋剤として、60℃以下の加熱により結着材を架橋できる機能を有するものを用いる、[7]~[10]のいずれかの造粒吸着材の製造方法。
[12]前記架橋剤として、有機チタン塩を用いる、[11]の造粒吸着材の製造方法。
[13]前記結着材として、水溶性高分子を用いる、[7]~[12]のいずれかの造粒吸着材の製造方法。
[14]前記水溶性高分子として、ポリビニルアルコールを用いる、[13]の造粒吸着材の製造方法。
なお、数値範囲を示す「~」は、その前後に記載される数値を下限値および上限値として含む。
本発明において、吸着材とは、水中・大気中に含まれる小イオン、小分子をその中に取り込むことで対象となる水、大気中からそれらを除去することを目的とした材料を言う。また、取り込んだ小イオン・小分子を、水洗、加熱などなんらかの方法で脱離させる場合もある。この場合、脱離させた小イオン・小分子を有価物として再利用すること、吸着材自体を吸着前の状態またはそれに準じた状態に戻すことで吸着材としての機能を再生させる場合もある。
本実施形態における金属シアノ錯体は、多孔性配位高分子の一種であり、金属イオン(プラスチャージを有するカチオン)と、この金属イオンを架橋する配位子の一種であるシアノ基(マイナスチャージを有するアニオンのCN-)を備えている。金属シアノ錯体は、構造的にヘキサシアノ金属イオンを有する金属シアノ錯体と呼ばれる一連の化合物である。金属シアノ錯体は、内部に対象ガスを取り込むことができるナノ空隙構造を備えている。このナノ空隙構造、すなわち空孔サイズの大きさは、0.3~0.6nmである。金属シアノ錯体は、このナノ空隙構造が規則的に繰り返されて組み上がっている。このため、金属シアノ錯体は、大きな表面積を有し、高選択率で効率よく、アンモニア化学種を吸着および脱離できる。
AxM[M′(CN)6]y・zH2O・・・(1)
ここで、xは0~3、yは0.1~1.5、zは0~6である。Aは水素、アンモニウム、アルカリ金属、およびアルカリ土類金属の一種以上の陽イオンである。MおよびM′は、互いに独立し、原子番号3~83の原子の一種以上の陽イオンである。ただし、MおよびM′は、Aである水素、アンモニウム、リチウム、ナトリウム、カリウム、ルビジウム、セシウム、およびフランシウムのアルカリ金属、ならびにマグネシウム、カルシウム、ストロンチウム、バリウム、およびラジウムのアルカリ土類金属の陽イオンではない。
本発明において、造粒吸着材とは、吸着機能を有する金属シアノ錯体を主成分とし、強度を維持するための結着材、架橋剤を混合させ、粒状とした吸着材のことを言う。また、固液分離の際に添加される凝集沈殿材も造粒吸着材に含まれる。
本発明において、前記結着材は、吸着機能を有する金属シアノ錯体と混合させることにより、造粒吸着材の強度維持を目的として添加される。また、前記架橋剤は、結着材間を各種結合により架橋することで、結着材を不溶性とし、水中での結着材の溶出や、それに伴う金属シアノ錯体の溶出、造粒吸着材の粉落ち、崩壊などの劣化を防ぐことを目的として添加される。
凝集沈殿材は、一般的には、微粒子と水の混合物であるスラリーを固液分離する際に利用されるものであり、汚水処理などの際に利用される。すなわち、処理対象である汚水に存在する懸濁態と言われる微粒子などを凝集させることで、ろ過処理の際の閉塞を防ぐ、素早く沈殿させて上澄み除去する、遠心分離の際の沈降速度を上昇させて処理速度を向上させるなどの効果を目的として添加される。この場合、添加された凝集剤は固液分離された固体側、すなわち脱水ケーキに残存することになる。よって、凝集沈殿材として求められる特性として、上記固液分離を容易にすることに加え、廃棄物処理あるいは肥料などの有価物として利用される際の安全性が挙げられる。
また、従来技術における吸着材と凝集沈殿材の併用、という観点でいえば、特許文献8に記載の通り、吸着材を用いて汚水や環境水からイオンなどの対象物資を回収した後、凝集沈殿材を添加して、固液分離することにより、対象物質を回収する手法も報告されている。
このように、一般的な凝集沈殿材の使用法においては、凝集沈殿材を添加する処理対象の水は汚水や環境水であり、廃水処理や分析を目的とし、懸濁態を回収することである。
本発明において、凝集沈殿材は吸着材の使用時ではなく、製造時に使用される。これにより、遠心分離やろ過などの一般的な固液分離・脱水方法が使用可能となる。したがって、凝集沈殿材に要求される性能も、前述の吸着材を利用する際に処理対象の水に添加する場合とは異なる。金属シアノ錯体スラリーに添加した凝集沈殿材はその一部がそのまま金属シアノ錯体脱水ケーキ、さらには最終製品である吸着材に残存する。よって、その凝集沈殿材に求められることとして、吸着機能を阻害しないことが求められる。つまり、金属シアノ錯体スラリーの固液分離の際に凝集沈殿材を使用する場合であっても、その用途によって使用する凝集沈殿材を適切に選定する必要があり、単に固液分離性能のみを勘案して凝集沈殿材を選定することはできない。さらに、吸着材としての管理上、新たな法律対応などが付加されない物質であることが望ましい。法律上においても、従来の利用法の場合、廃棄物処理等が対象となるが、本発明における手法では、生産された吸着材を流通させる際に順守する必要がある法律、例えば化学物質の審査及び製造等の規制に関する法律や、外国為替及び外国貿易法などとなり、まったく異なる対応が必要となる。本発明では、これらに対応できる凝集沈殿材を利用する。
通常、金属シアノ錯体は原料の水溶液を混合することで製造され、その工程では金属シアノ錯体と水の混合物(以下、「スラリー」という)が得られる。本発明においては、このスラリーに前記の凝集沈殿材を添加して得られた凝集沈殿物を用いて金属シアノ錯体粉末を得た後、得られた金属シアノ錯体粉末に結着材、架橋剤及び水を混合して造粒するものである。
したがって、金属シアノ錯体粉末と結着材を適切に混合するためには、本発明における結着材も水溶性であることが好ましく、水溶性高分子がより好ましく、特にポリビニルアルコールが好ましい。ポリビニルアルコールの重合度に特に制限はないが、特に特許文献6によると、造粒吸着材の形状維持の観点から、重合度は1700以上が望ましいとされている。また、けん化度についても、特に制限はないが、97%以上であることが望ましいとされている。ただし、ここで留意すべきことは、特許文献6においては、造粒吸着材を作製する際に、架橋剤は添加されていない、ということである。本発明においては、架橋剤の添加により、ポリビニルアルコールは不溶化されるため、上記の指標は単なる目安であり、より小さい重合度、けん化度であっても造粒吸着材の維持は可能である。
本発明において、架橋剤を添加することは極めて重要である。前述のとおり、適切に金属シアノ錯体と結着材を混合するには、結着材も水溶性であることが望ましい。しかしながら、水溶性の結着材を使用した場合、造粒吸着材を使用するにあたり、水と接触することがあれば、その際に結着材の溶出などの問題が発生し、造粒吸着材の強度の維持も困難となる。そのため、結着材を不溶化する架橋剤の添加が重要となる。一方、架橋剤は一般的には加熱により機能し、結着材を不溶化させるケースが多い。しかしながら、金属シアノ錯体の一部は加熱により一部シアノ基が遊離し、シアン化水素となるケースがあるため(非文献文献1参照)、温度管理が必要である。よって、結着材および架橋剤の組み合わせとしては、水溶性であることと、低温での架橋が可能であることが求められる。なお、図2は、非特許文献1に図11として掲載されている「CuPBAナノ粒子をアルミバッグに24時間封入した後のバッグ内HCN濃度の温度依存性」の図である。
本実施形態における、造粒吸着材の製造法は以下の工程を含む。
1.凝集沈殿材を添加後、金属シアノ錯体スラリーを脱水し、金属シアノ錯体脱水ケーキを調製する工程
2.金属シアノ錯体脱水ケーキを加熱乾燥し、金属シアノ錯体乾燥ブロックを調製する工程
3.金属シアノ錯体乾燥ケーキを粉砕して金属シアノ錯体粉末とする工程
4.前記金属シアノ錯体粉末、結着材、架橋剤及び水を含む混合物を調製し、該混合物を用いて造粒する工程
本工程において、特に特徴的な点は、金属シアノ錯体粉末の調整法である。特許文献6においては、すべての実施例において、粉末は噴霧乾燥を利用して調製されており、粉末の粒子径が10~60マイクロメートルの微粉として得られている。これは、吸着材の比表面積を大きくできるという特徴を有する一方、製造工程に大規模な装置が必要になり、高コスト化という課題がある。
本発明においては、この問題を解決するため、粉末製造において、脱水工程と加熱乾燥工程を使用する。これらの工程を用いるにより、使用する装置サイズを劇的に小さくすることが可能となる。例えば、10kg/hrの水を脱水、乾燥させることを考える。前述の通り、金属シアノ錯体スラリーの固形分は約10%であるため、10kg/hrの脱水・乾燥により、約1kg/hrの固形分を得ることができる。脱水後の固形分を40%(含水率60%)とした場合、脱水ケーキは2.5kg/hrとなる。これを、熱乾燥により、1kg/hrの乾燥ブロックとする必要がある。この工程に要するサイズは脱水、熱乾燥それぞれ1メートル×1メートル×1メートルのサイズに入るものであり、噴霧乾燥に比べ十分に小さいスペースでの作業が可能となる。
混合物を造粒する方法については、所望の粒径の造粒吸着材が得られれば特に制限はなく、パン造粒法、ドラム造粒法、押出造粒法、攪拌造粒法などが使用できる。
前述の図3に記載した工程により、下記の通りアンモニアガス用造粒吸着材A1を合成した。
1.原料水溶液の調製
原料水溶液として、硫酸銅5水和物7.77モルを9.25kgの水に溶解させ、10Lの硫酸銅水溶液LC1を調製した。また、フェロシアン化カリウム3水和物4.24モルを水8.15kgに溶解させ、9Lのフェロシアン化カリウム水溶液LF1を調製した。
2.金属シアノ錯体スラリーの合成
LC1とLF1を混合させることでM=Cu2+、M’=Fe2+の銅鉄シアノ錯体スラリーS1を調製した。
3.凝集沈殿材の添加
スラリーS1のpHを調製後、分子量約400万のアクリルアミドおよびジメチルアミノエチルメタクリレートの共重合物を主成分とする高分子凝集剤24gをスラリーに添加し、撹拌機で撹拌した。
4.乾燥ブロックの製造
スラリーS1を電動式油圧搾機(橋田機工社製YS-1)で圧搾し、固液分離を行い、脱水ケーキC1を準備した。脱水ケーキC1を3センチ角程度の小片に切り分けたのち、棚乾燥機により、40℃24時間乾燥し、乾燥ブロックB1を準備した。
5.ブロックを微粉体へ破砕、結着材と架橋剤の添加、混和
乾燥ブロックB1をカッターミキサー(BLIXER―6、株式会社FMI社製)を利用し、粉砕し、乾燥粉末DP1を得た。この際に、カッターミキサーの温度が40℃を超えないことを確認した。図4は、乾燥粉末DP1の顕微鏡写真であり、右は、該写真の部分拡大写真である。
別途結着材としてポリビニルアルコール10重量パーセント水溶液、架橋剤としてチタンラクテートアンモニウム塩を調製した。P1をカッターミキサーから取り出すことなく、結着材、架橋剤の順番でP1に添加した。カッターミキサーを1分間動作、攪拌させることで、銅鉄シアノ錯体、凝集沈殿材、結着材、架橋剤が混和された湿紛WP1を得た。
6.造粒・乾燥
湿紛WP1を押出造粒機(F-5、ダルトン社製)に投入し、含水造粒吸着材WA1を得た。この含水造粒吸着材WA1を棚乾燥機にて、50℃24時間で乾燥し、アンモニアガス用造粒吸着材A1を得た。
別途、イオン(セシウムイオンおよびアンモニウムイオン)用造粒吸着材A2を調製した。ただし、アンモニアガス用吸着材と、イオン用吸着材は、硫酸銅とフェロシアン化カリウムの混合比は異なる。よって、上記アンモニアガス用造粒吸着材の製造工程において、上記1.の原料水溶液の調製を変更することでイオン用造粒吸着材を得ることができる。具体的には、原料水溶液として、硫酸銅5水和物6.6モルを9.36kgの水に溶解させ、10Lの硫酸銅水溶液LC2を調製した。また、フェロシアン化カリウム3水和物4.4モルを水9.16kgに溶解させ、10Lのフェロシアン化カリウム水溶液LF2を調製した。このLC2とLF2を利用し、残るはアンモニアガス用吸着材と類似の工程により、イオン用造粒吸着材A2を得た。
アンモニアガス用造粒吸着材A1を用い、アンモニアガス吸着試験を行った。アンモニアガス用造粒吸着材A1を40g測り取り、30mmφの塩化ビニール製管に充填し、カラムを作製した。そのカラムにアンモニア濃度が約600ppmのアンモニア含有大気を、15.5L/分の流量で通気した。カラム前、後のアンモニア濃度を、検知管(3M・3L、ガステック社製)を使用し測定した。
カラム前のアンモニア濃度はおおむね600ppmで推移した一方、カラム後のアンモニア濃度は当初100ppm以下まで低減でき、250分以上経過しても、十分にカラム前よりも低い値を継続した。このことから、実施例1で作製したアンモニアガス用造粒吸着材は十分にアンモニアガス吸着能を有することが分かった。
造粒吸着材製造中の温度と、シアン化水素ガスの発生についての関係について評価した。実施例1に記載の工程5において、カッターミキサー内のシアン化水素濃度を測定したところ、5ppm以下であった。これは、日本産業衛生学会が示す許容濃度を下回った。一方、混練時間を延長し、カッターミキサー内の温度が73.7℃まで上昇させたのち、装置内のシアン化水素濃度を測定したところ、25ppmであった。このように、作業中の温度が上昇した場合は、シアン化水素が発生することが示された。
イオン用造粒吸着材A2の吸着力を評価するため、バッチ振盪試験を実施した。造粒吸着材A2を100mg計量し、塩化アンモニウム水溶液10mLに投入、振盪装置で600rpm、24時間振盪した。塩化アンモニウム水溶液は100,500,1000,4000mg-NH4/Lの濃度にそれぞれ調製した。その後、振盪液を孔径0.45マイクロメートルのフィルターによりろ過し、試料液を作製、イオンクロマトグラフィー法により試料液中のアンモニウムイオン濃度を評価、吸着等温線を作成した。
この結果より、本発明の方法で製造した造粒吸着材は十分なアンモニウムイオン吸着能を示すことが分かった。例えば、試験液中の濃度が20mg/L、すなわち約20mg/kg(水)の中で、吸着材中の濃度は約9mg/g、すなわち9000mg/kg(吸着材)となった。これは、吸着材中濃度が水中濃度の約450倍となっていることを示しており、十分な吸着能力を有することがわかる。
実施例5と同様の方法で、イオン用造粒吸着材A2のセシウムイオン吸着能を評価した。この場合、塩化アンモニウム水溶液の代わりに塩化セシウム水溶液を準備した。その濃度は10,50,100,500,1000,5000mg/Lに調整した。セシウムイオン濃度は誘導結合プラズマ質量分析法を利用した。
得られた吸着等温線を図7に示す。該図に示すように、アンモニウムイオンと同様に、セシウムイオンも十分に高い吸着能を示すことが分かった。
Claims (14)
- 小イオン及び/又は小分子を吸着する造粒吸着材であって、
金属シアノ錯体を有効成分とし、該金属シアノ錯体を含むスラリーから金属シアノ錯体を凝集沈殿させるための凝集沈殿材、結着材及び架橋剤を含み、
前記凝集沈殿材が、有機系高分子凝集剤である造粒吸着材。 - 前記有機系高分子凝集剤が、両性型の高分子凝集剤である、請求項1に記載の造粒吸着材。
- 前記架橋剤が、60℃以下の加熱により前記結着材を架橋できる機能を有する、請求項1又は2に記載の造粒吸着材。
- 前記架橋剤が、有機チタン塩である、請求項3に記載の造粒吸着材。
- 前記結着材が、水溶性高分子である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の造粒吸着材。
- 前記結着材が、ポリビニルアルコールである、請求項6に記載の造粒吸着材。
- 小イオン及び/又は小分子を吸着する金属シアノ錯体を有効成分とする造粒吸着材の製造方法であって、
金属シアノ錯体スラリーに凝集沈殿材を添加後、該金属シアノ錯体スラリーを脱水し、得られた金属シアノ錯体脱水ケーキを調製する工程、
前記金属シアノ錯体脱水ケーキを加熱乾燥し、金属シアノ錯体乾燥ブロックを調製する工程、
前記金属シアノ錯体乾燥ブロックを粉砕して金属シアノ錯体粉末とする工程、
前記金属シアノ錯体粉末、結着材、架橋剤及び水を含む混合物を調整し、該混合物を用いて造粒する工程、
を含む、造粒吸着材の製造方法。 - 前記の全工程を70℃以下で行うことにより、シアン化水素の発生を抑制する、請求項7に記載の造粒吸着材の製造方法。
- 前記混合物の調製において、前記結着材を分散注入し、前記架橋剤を噴霧散布することにより、高速撹拌を不要とした、請求項7又は8に記載の造粒吸着材の製造方法。
- 前記凝集沈殿材として、高分子凝集剤を用いる、請求項7~9のいずれか1項に記載の造粒吸着材の製造方法。
- 前記架橋剤として、60℃以下の加熱により結着材を架橋できる機能を有するものを用いる、請求項7~10のいずれか1項に記載の造粒吸着材の製造方法。
- 前記架橋剤として、有機チタン塩を用いる、請求項11に記載の造粒吸着材の製造方法。
- 前記結着材として、水溶性高分子を用いる、請求項7~12のいずれか1項に記載の造粒吸着材の製造方法。
- 前記水溶性高分子として、ポリビニルアルコールを用いる、請求項13に記載の造粒吸着材の製造方法。
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