WO2022100620A1 - 一种磨床自适应砂轮装置 - Google Patents

一种磨床自适应砂轮装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022100620A1
WO2022100620A1 PCT/CN2021/129849 CN2021129849W WO2022100620A1 WO 2022100620 A1 WO2022100620 A1 WO 2022100620A1 CN 2021129849 W CN2021129849 W CN 2021129849W WO 2022100620 A1 WO2022100620 A1 WO 2022100620A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
grinding wheel
grinding
wheel base
base body
ventilation door
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PCT/CN2021/129849
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
姜潮
田万一
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湖南大学
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Publication of WO2022100620A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022100620A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B19/00—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
    • B24B41/04—Headstocks; Working-spindles; Features relating thereto
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B47/00—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor
    • B24B47/10—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor for rotating or reciprocating working-spindles carrying grinding wheels or workpieces
    • B24B47/12—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor for rotating or reciprocating working-spindles carrying grinding wheels or workpieces by mechanical gearing or electric power
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B47/00—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor
    • B24B47/20—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor relating to feed movement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B55/00—Safety devices for grinding or polishing machines; Accessories fitted to grinding or polishing machines for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition
    • B24B55/02—Equipment for cooling the grinding surfaces, e.g. devices for feeding coolant
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B55/00—Safety devices for grinding or polishing machines; Accessories fitted to grinding or polishing machines for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition
    • B24B55/06—Dust extraction equipment on grinding or polishing machines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of grinding machines, in particular to an adaptive grinding wheel device for grinding machines.
  • the dry grinder will generate a large amount of chips and dust. These grinding chips and dust form aerosols, which will endanger human health if not handled in time. Cutting heat without the participation of grinding fluid will cause grinding heat to accumulate, causing ablation to the grinding wheel and workpiece, which will affect the grinding quality of the workpiece and the life of the grinding wheel.
  • an external mobile dust removal device is used, and the dust cover is used to collect the wear debris on the outside of the grinding wheel, and at the same time, the cooling air is used to cool the grinding area, which can achieve the purpose of grinding cooling and collect most of the wear debris.
  • the above-mentioned dust removal and cooling measures will have the following problems when the material to be processed is toxic or radioactive: First, there is a gap between the above-mentioned dust removal cover of the grinding machine and the grinding wheel, which will cause some wear debris close to the grinding wheel to overflow, and the wear debris close to the grinding wheel will overflow.
  • the amount of dust removal is relatively large, and the proportion of wear debris overflowing is relatively high; second, it is difficult to adjust the above-mentioned dust removal device for processing workpieces with characteristics such as toxicity and radioactivity or grinding machines that require service in unmanned workshops; third, cooling air only Acting on the surface of the grinding wheel, the heat dissipation of the grinding wheel is not timely, resulting in ablation of the surface of the grinding wheel; Fourth, the cross action of cooling air injection and grinding process is easy to produce aerosol effect, causing the harmful diffusion of toxic or radioactive substances; Fifth, the above-mentioned dust removal device In order to manually realize the up and down movement of the dust hood, self-adaptive dust removal is not realized, and the dust removal effect needs to be improved.
  • the present invention provides an adaptive grinding wheel device for a grinder, which can realize self-adaptive dust removal and cooling of a dry grinder. There are some problems such as poor dust collection effect and poor grinding thermal cooling effect.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • An adaptive grinding wheel device for a grinding machine characterized in that the grinding wheel device comprises a support, a grinding wheel base part, a grinding wheel grinding disc part, and an air duct part;
  • the grinding wheel base part includes a grinding wheel base wheel shaft and a grinding wheel base body, the grinding wheel base body is a cylindrical structure, the grinding wheel base body is fixed on the support through the grinding wheel base wheel shaft, and the support is installed in the dust cover. on the mobile frame of the grinding machine;
  • the grinding wheel grinding piece portion includes grinding wheel grinding pieces, and a plurality of the grinding wheel grinding pieces are respectively connected to the grinding wheel base body through fixed ends along the circumferential direction of the grinding wheel base body portion in sequence; the grinding wheel base portion drives the grinding wheel grinding piece rotate together;
  • the air duct part includes a fan, an aerosol filter, a main air duct, and an air channel; the fan is connected to the main air duct through the aerosol filter, and the main air duct is arranged on the wheel base of the grinding wheel. Inside, it is communicated with a plurality of the air passages evenly distributed in the grinding wheel base, the multiple air passages are radially distributed in the radial direction in the grinding wheel base, and the air outlet at the end is arranged in the on the grinding wheel base;
  • the grinding wheel grinding piece grinds the workpiece under the action of centrifugal force, and the air duct is operated by the suction of the fan to recover the grinding debris and cool the inside of the grinding wheel grinding piece.
  • the grinding wheel device further includes a grinding wheel grinding piece control part, the grinding wheel grinding piece control part is located on the side of the grinding workpiece, and is used for controlling the grinding track of the grinding wheel grinding piece.
  • control part of the grinding wheel and grinding plate includes a guide wheel assembly and a track assembly
  • the guide wheel assembly is connected with the movable end of the grinding wheel and grinding plate
  • the track assembly is a telescopic track, which is fixed on the grinding machine to move.
  • the guide wheel assembly is in contact with the track assembly and is supported by the track assembly.
  • the grinding wheel and disc control part further includes a track support, the track assembly is fixed on the grinding machine moving frame through the track support, and the track support can drive the track assembly to telescopically move, changing The track radius of the track assembly.
  • the grinding wheel device further includes an air channel control part for controlling the opening and closing of the air channel.
  • the air duct control part includes a ventilation door and a ventilation door switch, a plurality of the ventilation doors are installed on the air duct in a one-to-one correspondence, and the switches are controlled by the ventilation door switch.
  • the ventilation door is a flap valve;
  • the ventilation door switch includes a fixed end of the ventilation door switch and a rotating end of the ventilation door switch, and the flap valve spool of the ventilation door is fixedly connected to the rotating end of the ventilation door switch , the fixed end of the ventilation door switch is fixed on the moving frame of the grinding machine at the position where the switch state of the ventilation door needs to be adjusted; the rotating end of the ventilation door switch is rotated 90 degrees after contacting the fixed end of the ventilation door switch, driving the The opening and closing of the ventilation door alternates.
  • the grinding wheel and grinding piece part further comprises a rotating shaft and a spring, the fixed end of the grinding wheel grinding piece is connected with the grinding wheel base body through the rotating shaft, and the grinding wheel grinding piece can freely rotate around the rotating shaft; the The middle part of the grinding wheel and the grinding plate in the circumferential direction is connected with the grinding wheel base body through the spring.
  • the air duct part further includes a flexible telescopic air duct, and the aerosol filter element is connected to the main air duct through the flexible telescopic air duct.
  • the support includes a bearing seat and a bearing
  • the two bearing seats are symmetrically fixed on the grinding machine moving frame
  • the bearings are installed on the bearing seat
  • the two ends of the grinding wheel base part pass through the grinding wheel respectively.
  • the grinding wheel base shaft is placed on the bearing.
  • the grinding wheel device of the present invention can realize self-adaptive dust removal and cooling, the grinding debris can be recovered through the air duct without gaps through the suction effect of the fan, and the grinding wheel device can adjust the position of the grinding wheel and grinding piece through the grinding wheel grinding piece control part, thereby accurately grinding the track, and
  • the size of the recovery gap (that is, the gap between the grinding wheel and the grinding wheel base) can be adjusted adaptively according to the number of grinding debris, which can greatly improve the grinding and dust removal effect and ensure the reliable dust removal effect.
  • the cooling air is acted on the inside of the grinding wheel and the grinding sheet through the air duct part, so as to realize the overall cooling effect on the grinding wheel and grinding sheet, and avoid the surface ablation of the grinding wheel.
  • the cooling and dedusting functions of the invention are in the same direction, and the cooling air acts as a suction force, and the aerosol effect and the harmful diffusion of toxic or radioactive substances are avoided through the aerosol filter element.
  • Fig. 1 is the structure schematic diagram of the self-adaptive grinding wheel device of the grinding machine of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is A-A sectional structure diagram in Fig. 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is the cross-sectional structural view of the present invention in the direction of B-B in Fig. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a side structural view of the control part of the grinding wheel and disc in the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a structural diagram of an air duct control part in the present invention.
  • the terms “installed”, “connected”, “connected”, “connected”, “fixed”, etc. should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection Connection can be mechanical connection, electrical connection or mutual communication, direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium, internal communication between two components, or two components interaction relationship.
  • Installed should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection Connection can be mechanical connection, electrical connection or mutual communication, direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium, internal communication between two components, or two components interaction relationship.
  • This embodiment describes an adaptive grinding wheel device for a grinding machine, which is installed in the original dust cover to realize gapless recovery, and can realize self-adaptive dust removal and cooling of dry grinding machines, even when processing toxic or radioactive substances. At the same time, it can also well achieve adaptive dust removal and cooling, and ensure that the material does not leak.
  • the grinding wheel device includes a support 1 , a grinding wheel base part 2 , a grinding wheel grinding piece part 3 , a grinding wheel grinding piece control part 4 , an air channel part 5 , and an air channel control part 6 .
  • the grinding wheel base part 2 is installed on the grinding machine moving frame (not shown in the figure) through the support 1;
  • the grinding track is controlled by the grinding wheel and disc control unit 4 , and grinding debris is collected by the air duct unit 5 for dust removal and cooling.
  • the air duct unit 6 is used to control the opening and closing of the air duct unit 5 .
  • the support 1 consists of a bearing seat 1.1 and a bearing 1.2.
  • the two bearing seats 1.1 are symmetrically fixed on the grinding machine moving frame, the bearing 1.2 is installed on the bearing seat 1.1, and the left and right ends of the grinding wheel base 2 pass through the bearing 1.2. It is placed on the bearing seat 1.1 and moves with the moving frame, so as to realize the overall feed grinding of the grinding wheel device, and also realize the dynamic and static separation of the rotation of the grinding wheel base part 2 and the moving frame.
  • the grinding wheel base 2 is composed of a grinding wheel base shaft 2.1 and a grinding wheel base 2.2.
  • the grinding wheel base 2.2 is a cylindrical structure with a through hole in the center.
  • the grinding wheel base shaft 2.1 and the grinding wheel base 2.2 are coaxially arranged, and the grinding wheel base 2.2 passes through
  • the grinding wheel base shaft 2.1 is fixed on the bearing 1.2 of the support 1, and the grinding wheel base shaft 2.1 cooperates with the bearing 1.2 to realize relative rotation.
  • the grinding wheel base 2.2 and the grinding wheel base shaft 2.1 can be integrally formed. At this time, there are coaxial grinding wheel base shafts 2.1 at both ends of the grinding wheel base 2.2. Compared with end), the grinding accuracy can be enhanced while reducing the number of parts.
  • the grinding wheel and grinding piece 3 is installed on the grinding wheel base body 2.2 along the circumferential direction of the grinding wheel base body 2.2, and includes a rotating shaft 3.1, a spring 3.2, and a grinding wheel grinding piece 3.3.
  • the fixed ends of the plurality of grinding wheel grinding pieces 3.3 pass through respectively.
  • the rotating shaft 3.1 is connected to the grinding wheel base 2.2 in turn along the circumferential direction of the grinding wheel base 2.2.
  • the grinding wheel grinding disc 3.3 can freely rotate around the rotating shaft 3.1. 3.3 It is closely connected with the static state of the base part 2 of the grinding wheel.
  • the grinding wheel and disc control part 4 is located on the side of the grinding workpiece, and consists of a guide wheel assembly 4.1, a track assembly 4.2, and a track support 4.3.
  • the guide wheel assembly 4.1 consists of a guide wheel 4.1.1, a bearing 4.1.2 and a wheel support 4.1.3.
  • the guide wheel 4.1.1 is fixed on the wheel support 4.1.3 through the bearing 4.1.2, and the wheel support 4.1.3
  • the track assembly 4.2 is a telescopic track, which is fixed on the grinding machine moving frame by a track support 4.3.
  • the guide wheel 4.1.1 is in contact with the track assembly 4.2 to realize the supporting effect of the track assembly 4.2 on the guide wheel 4.1.1.
  • the orbital support 4.3 is a hydraulic cylinder system.
  • the orbital radius of the orbital assembly 4.2 can be changed through the expansion and contraction of the orbital support 4.3, so that the grinding wheel and abrasive sheet 3.3 are more suitable for grinding workpieces, and the continuity of the orbit in different positions can be realized.
  • a plurality of track supports 4.3 can be evenly distributed along the track assembly 4.2, or a plurality of track supports 4.3 can be arranged symmetrically in the center of the track assembly 4.2, and the track can be adjusted synchronously through the multiple track supports 4.3
  • the radius of the component 4.2 can further ensure the grinding accuracy and efficiency of the grinding wheel while ensuring the same track radius.
  • the air duct 5 is composed of a fan 5.1, an aerosol filter 5.2, a flexible telescopic air duct 5.3, a main air duct 5.4, and an air duct 5.5.
  • the fan 5.1 is connected to the aerosol filter 5.2.
  • the aerosol filter element 5.2 is connected to the main air duct 5.4 through the flexible telescopic air duct 5.3, the main air duct 5.4 is arranged in the wheel base 2.1 of the grinding wheel, and the main air duct 5.4 is connected with a plurality of air passages 5.5 evenly distributed in the grinding wheel base 2.2.
  • a plurality of air passages 5.5 are radially distributed in the grinding wheel base 2.2 along the radial direction, and the end air outlets are arranged on the grinding wheel base 2.2 at the circumferential 1/2 position of the grinding wheel grinding plate 3.3.
  • the flexible telescopic air duct 5.3 can adjust the length of the air duct, and can use bellows and so on.
  • the air duct control part 6 includes a ventilation door 6.1, a ventilation door switch 6.2, and a plurality of ventilation doors 6.1 are installed on the air duct 5.5 in one-to-one correspondence for opening and closing the air duct 5.5.
  • the ventilation door 6.1 is a flap valve.
  • the ventilation door switch 6.2 is composed of the fixed end 6.2.1 of the ventilation door switch and the rotating end 6.2.2 of the ventilation door switch.
  • the flap valve spool of the ventilation door 6.1 is fixedly connected with the rotating end 6.2.2 of the ventilation door switch, and together with the grinding wheel base Part 2 rotates, and the flap valve rotates 90 degrees with the rotating end 6.2.2 of the ventilation door switch, which can realize the switching of the air channel 5.5 alternately.
  • the fixed end 6.2.1 of the ventilation door switch is fixed on the grinding machine moving frame, and the switch state of the ventilation door 6.1 needs to be adjusted.
  • the position of the friction point in this embodiment is the position of the entry friction point and the position of the exit friction point.
  • the installation position of the fixed end 6.2.1 of the ventilation door switch can be adjusted.
  • the rotating end 6.2.2 of the ventilation door switch rotates with the base part 2 of the grinding wheel, and is in contact with the fixed end 6.2.1 of the ventilation door switch to realize a 90-degree rotation, thereby realizing the switching of the ventilation door 6.1 alternately.
  • the grinding wheel device is supported on the support 1 through the grinding wheel base part 2, the grinding wheel base part 2 realizes high-speed rotation under the driving of the motor, and the grinding wheel grinding disc part 3 on the grinding wheel base part 2 is under the action of centrifugal force.
  • the movable end rotates outward, when the centrifugal force and the pulling force of the spring 3.2 are balanced, the grinding wheel grinding piece 3.3 reaches the equilibrium position, and the grinding wheel grinding piece 3.3 is in contact with the workpiece to be processed, and the workpiece is ground.
  • the ventilation door 6.1 is in the state of opening the air duct 5.5.
  • the grinding debris flying out along the tangential direction generated by grinding is sucked into the air duct part 5 through the air duct 5.5 and discharged from the air duct part 5.
  • the gap between the grinding wheel grinding disc 3.3 and the grinding wheel base part 2 is proportional to the rotation speed of the grinding wheel, the amount of abrasive debris is also proportional to the rotational speed of the grinding wheel, and the flying angle is also positively related to the rotational speed of the grinding wheel, which can adaptively realize the recovery of abrasive debris .
  • the air enters the inside of the grinding wheel base 2.2 from the outside, and convectively transfers heat when passing through the interior of the grinding wheel and disc 3.3, which has a good cooling effect on the grinding wheel and avoids the ablation of the grinding wheel and disc 3.3.
  • the air after cooling the grinding wheel grinding disc 3.3 is sucked into the aerosol filter 5.2, which avoids the aerosol pollution caused by the cooling air.
  • the grinding heat is proportional to the rotation speed of the grinding wheel.
  • the gap between 2 gradually increases, and the wind resistance will decrease, which can adaptively control the cooling effect of the grinding wheel 3.3.
  • the grinding wheel grinding disc 3.3 has certain uncertainty when the centrifugal force and the pulling force of the spring 3.2 act, so it is suitable for rough grinding.
  • fine machining is realized by controlling the position of the grinding wheel and grinding piece 3.3 by the grinding wheel grinding piece control part 4.
  • the track assembly 4.2 and the guide wheel assembly 4.1 work together to control the position of the movable end of the grinding wheel grinding piece 3.3, so as to precisely control the grinding wheel grinding piece 3.3.
  • Rotary grinding position to achieve fine machining.
  • the track assembly 4.2 can adjust the position of the track assembly 4.2 relative to the workpiece to achieve precise control of the grinding precision.
  • the control of the position of the grinding wheel and grinding piece 3.3 is only for the grinding point.
  • the track assembly 4.2 should be disengaged from the guide wheel assembly 4.1 to ensure that the grinding wheel grinding piece 3.3 is connected to the base of the grinding wheel. 2 Under the action of centrifugal force, self-adaptive dust removal and cooling.
  • the ventilation door 6.1 of the corresponding air channel 5.5 is closed by the ventilation door switch 6.2, so as to ensure the dust removal and cooling of the grinding wheel grinding disc 3.3 in contact with the workpiece to the greatest extent.
  • the working principle of the ventilation door switch 6.2 in this embodiment under the action of the grinding wheel, the rotating end 6.2.2 of the ventilation door switch contacts the fixed end 6.2.1 of the ventilation door switch at the position where the switch state of the ventilation door 6.1 needs to be adjusted.
  • the rotating end 6.2.2 of the secondary contact ventilation door switch rotates 90 degrees, thereby realizing the alternate state of opening and closing of the air passage 5.5, which is opened before entering the grinding point, and closed when it is far away from the grinding point.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Grinding-Machine Dressing And Accessory Apparatuses (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种磨床自适应砂轮装置，砂轮装置包括支座、砂轮基体部、砂轮磨片部、风道部；砂轮基体部包括砂轮基体轮轴、砂轮基体，砂轮基体通过砂轮基体轮轴固定于支座上；砂轮磨片部包括砂轮磨片，多个砂轮磨片沿砂轮基体部周向分别通过固定端依次与砂轮基体相连接；风道部包括风机、气溶胶过滤件、主风道、风通道；风机通过气溶胶过滤件与主风道相连，主风道设置于砂轮基体轮轴内，与多个均布在砂轮基体内的风通道相连通，多个风通道在砂轮基体内沿径向方向呈辐射状分布，其末端出风口设置于砂轮基体上；砂轮磨片在离心力作用下磨削工件，风道部通过风机的吸气运转，回收磨屑，并对砂轮磨片内部降温。本发明能够实现干式磨床的自适应除尘冷却。

Description

一种磨床自适应砂轮装置
相关申请
本申请主张于2020年11月16日提交的、名称为“一种磨床自适应砂轮装置”的中国发明专利申请：202011278509.4的优先权。
技术领域
本发明涉及磨床技术领域，尤其涉及一种磨床自适应砂轮装置。
背景技术
干式磨床由于磨削过程中无磨削液参与，将产生大量的切屑和粉尘，这些磨屑和粉尘形成气溶胶，若不及时处理将危害人的身体健康，同时磨削过程产生大量的磨削热，无磨削液参与将造成磨削热聚集，对砂轮和工件造成烧蚀作用，将影响工件的磨削质量和砂轮寿命。当前采用外接式移动除尘装置，利用除尘罩在砂轮外侧对磨屑进行收集，同时利用冷却空气对磨削区域进行冷却，能够达到磨削冷却的目的，并且对大部分磨屑进行了收集。
上述除尘和冷却措施对于待加工材料为有毒或放射性物质时，将存在以下问题：第一、上述磨床除尘罩与砂轮之间存在间隙，造成靠近砂轮的部分磨屑外溢，并且靠近砂轮的磨屑量相对较大，磨屑外溢比重较高；第二、针对具有毒性和放射性等特点的加工工件或要求在无人车间服役的磨床，则上述除尘装置调节显得较为困难；第三、冷却空气只作用于砂轮表面，砂轮散热不及时，造成砂轮表面烧蚀；第四、冷却空气喷吹与磨削过程交叉作用，易产生气溶胶效果，造成有毒或放射性物质危害扩散；第五、上述除尘装置为人工实现除尘罩上下运动，未实现自适应除尘，除尘效果有待提高。
发明内容
为解决上述现有技术中存在的问题，本发明提供一种磨床自适应砂轮装置，其能够实现干式磨床的自适应除尘冷却，主要目的在于针对干式磨床在进行有毒或放射性物质加工时，存在的磨屑收集效果不好、磨削热冷却效果不好等问题。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种磨床自适应砂轮装置，其特征在于，所述砂轮装置包括支座、砂轮基体部、砂轮磨片部、风道部；
所述砂轮基体部包括砂轮基体轮轴、砂轮基体，所述砂轮基体为圆柱体结构，所述砂轮基体通过所述砂轮基体轮轴固定于所述支座上，所述支座安装于防尘罩内的磨床移动架上；
所述砂轮磨片部包括砂轮磨片，多个所述砂轮磨片沿所述砂轮基体部周向分别通过固定端依次与所述砂轮基体相连接；所述砂轮基体部带动所述砂轮磨片部一起旋转；
所述风道部包括风机、气溶胶过滤件、主风道、风通道；所述风机通过所述气溶胶过滤件与所述主风道相连，所述主风道设置于所述砂轮基体轮轴内，与多个均布在所述砂轮基体内的所述风通道相连通，多个所述风通道在所述砂轮基体内沿径向方向呈辐射状分布，其末端出风口设置于所述砂轮基体上；
所述砂轮磨片在离心力作用下磨削工件，所述风道部通过所述风机的吸气运转，回收磨屑，并对所述砂轮磨片内部降温。
进一步地，所述砂轮装置还包括砂轮磨片控制部，所述砂轮磨片控制部位于磨削工件侧，用于控制所述砂轮磨片的磨削轨迹。
进一步地，所述砂轮磨片控制部包括导向轮组件、轨道组件，所述导向轮组件与所述砂轮磨片的活动端相连接，所述轨道组件为伸缩式轨道，固定于所述磨床移动架上；所述导向轮组件与所述轨道组件相接触，由所述轨道组件支撑。
进一步地，所述砂轮磨片控制部还包括轨道支撑件，所述轨道组件通过所述轨道支撑件固定于所述磨床移动架上，所述轨道支撑件能够带动所述轨道组件伸缩移动，改变所述轨道组件的轨道半径。
进一步地，所述砂轮装置还包括风道控制部，用于控制所述风通道的开闭。
进一步地，所述风道控制部包括通风门、通风门开关，多个所述通风门一一对应安装在所述风通道上，通过所述通风门开关控制开关。
进一步地，所述通风门为翻板阀；所述通风门开关包括通风门开关固定端和通风门开关转动端，所述通风门的翻板阀阀芯与所述通风门开关转动端固定连接，所述通风门开关固定端固定在所述磨床移动架上需要调整所述通风门开关状态的位置处；所 述通风门开关转动端与所述通风门开关固定端接触后转动90度，带动所述通风门的开关交替。
进一步地，所述砂轮磨片部还包括转轴、弹簧，所述砂轮磨片的固定端通过所述转轴与所述砂轮基体相连接，所述砂轮磨片能够围绕所述转轴自由转动；所述砂轮磨片的周向方向中部通过所述弹簧与所述砂轮基体相连接。
进一步地，所述风道部还包括柔性伸缩风道，所述气溶胶过滤件通过所述柔性伸缩风道与所述主风道相连。
进一步地，所述支座包括轴承座和轴承，两个所述轴承座对称固定于所述磨床移动架上，所述轴承安装于所述轴承座上，所述砂轮基体部两端分别通过所述砂轮基体轮轴置于所述轴承上。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明的砂轮装置能够实现自适应除尘冷却，通过风机吸气作用经风道部无间隙回收磨屑，且通过砂轮磨片控制部砂轮装置可以调整砂轮磨片位置，进而精确磨削轨迹，而且回收间隙的大小(即砂轮磨片与砂轮基体之间间隙)能够根据磨屑数量自适应调整，能够大幅提高磨削除尘效果，保证除尘效果可靠。本发明通过风道部将冷却空气作用于砂轮磨片内部，实现对砂轮磨片的整体冷却作用，避免砂轮表面烧蚀。本发明冷却与与除尘同向作用，并且冷却空气是吸力作用，经过气溶胶过滤件避免产生气溶胶效果和有毒或放射性物质危害扩散。
附图说明
图1为本发明磨床自适应砂轮装置结构示意图；
图2为本发明图1中A-A向截面结构图；
图3为本发明图2中B-B向截面结构图；
图4为本发明中砂轮磨片控制部侧视结构图；
图5为本发明中风道控制部结构图。
其中：1-支座、1.1-轴承座、1.2-轴承、2-砂轮基体部、2.1-砂轮基体轮轴、2.2-砂轮基体、3-砂轮磨片部、3.1-转轴、3.2-弹簧、3.3-砂轮磨片、4-砂轮磨片控制部、4.1-导向轮组件、4.1.1-导向轮、4.1.2-轴承、4.1.3-轮支座、4.2-轨道组件、4.3轨道支撑件、5-风道部、5.1-风机、5.2-气溶胶过滤件、5.3-柔性伸缩风道、5.4-主风道、5.5- 风通道、6-风道控制部、6.1-通风门、6.2-通风门开关、6.2.1-通风门开关固定端、6.2.2-通风门开关转动端。
具体实施方式
为了使本领域的技术人员更好地理解本申请的技术方案，以下将结合附图及实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明。
本申请文件中的上、下、左、右、前和后等方位用语是基于附图所示的位置关系而建立的。附图不同，则相应的位置关系也有可能随之发生变化，故不能以此理解为对保护范围的限定。
本发明中，术语“安装”、“相连”、“相接”、“连接”、“固定”等应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，也可以是一体地连接，也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接或可以相互通信，也可以是直接连接，也可以是通过中间媒介间接连接，可以是两个元器件内部的联通，也可以是两个元器件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
本实施例记载了一种磨床自适应砂轮装置，其加装在原有的防尘罩内，实现无间隙回收，并能够实现干式磨床的自适应除尘冷却，即便是在进行有毒或放射性物质加工时，也能很好的实现自适应除尘冷却，并保证物质不外泄。
如图1至图5所示，该砂轮装置包括支座1、砂轮基体部2、砂轮磨片部3、砂轮磨片控制部4、风道部5、风道控制部6。砂轮基体部2通过支座1安装在防尘罩内的磨床移动架(图中未示出)上，砂轮磨片部3沿砂轮基体部2周向安装，并与砂轮基体部2一起旋转，由砂轮磨片控制部4控制磨削轨道，并通过风道部5收集磨屑，进行除尘冷却，风道控制部6用于控制风道部5的开闭。
如图1所示，支座1由轴承座1.1和轴承1.2组成，两个轴承座1.1对称固定于磨床移动架上，轴承1.2安装于轴承座1.1上，砂轮基体部2左右两端通过轴承1.2置于轴承座1.1上，随移动架移动，从而实现砂轮装置的整体进刀磨削，也实现砂轮基体部2的转动与移动架的动静分离。
如图1所示，砂轮基体部2由砂轮基体轮轴2.1、砂轮基体2.2组成，砂轮基体2.2为中心具有通孔的圆柱体结构，砂轮基体轮轴2.1与砂轮基体2.2同轴设置，砂 轮基体2.2通过砂轮基体轮轴2.1固定于支座1的轴承1.2上，砂轮基体轮轴2.1与轴承1.2配合，实现相对旋转。砂轮基体2.2与砂轮基体轮轴2.1可一体成形制作，此时在砂轮基体2.2两端分别具有同轴的砂轮基体轮轴2.1，与分体制作(砂轮基体轮轴2.1由砂轮基体2.2中心贯穿砂轮基体2.2两端)相比，在减少零部件数量的同时，还可增强磨削精度。
如图1和图2所示，砂轮磨片部3沿砂轮基体2.2周向安装在砂轮基体2.2上，包括转轴3.1、弹簧3.2、砂轮磨片3.3，多个砂轮磨片3.3的固定端分别通过转轴3.1沿砂轮基体2.2周向依次与砂轮基体2.2相连接，砂轮磨片3.3能够围绕转轴3.1自由转动，砂轮磨片3.3的周向方向中部通过弹簧3.2与砂轮基体2.2相连接，实现砂轮磨片3.3与砂轮基体部2的静态紧密相连。
如图1、图3和图4所示，砂轮磨片控制部4位于磨削工件侧，由导向轮组件4.1、轨道组件4.2、轨道支撑件4.3组成。导向轮组件4.1由导向轮4.1.1、轴承4.1.2和轮支座4.1.3组成，导向轮4.1.1通过轴承4.1.2固定于轮支座4.1.3上，轮支座4.1.3利用螺栓与砂轮磨片3.3的活动端相连接。轨道组件4.2为伸缩式轨道，利用轨道支撑件4.3固定于磨床移动架上。导向轮4.1.1与轨道组件4.2相接触，实现轨道组件4.2对导向轮4.1.1的支撑作用。轨道支撑件4.3为液压缸系统，通过轨道支撑件4.3的伸缩可改变轨道组件4.2的轨道半径，使砂轮磨片3.3更适宜磨削工件，实现轨道在不同位置的连续性。为保证轨道组件4.2轨道半径整体一致，可沿轨道组件4.2间隔均布多个轨道支撑件4.3，也可以轨道组件4.2中心对称布置多个轨道支撑件4.3，通过多个轨道支撑件4.3同步调整轨道组件4.2的半径，在保证轨道半径一致的同时，可进一步保证砂轮磨削精度及效率。
如图1和图2所示，风道部5由风机5.1、气溶胶过滤件5.2、柔性伸缩风道5.3、主风道5.4、风通道5.5组成，风机5.1与气溶胶过滤件5.2相连接，气溶胶过滤件5.2通过柔性伸缩风道5.3与主风道5.4相连，主风道5.4设置于砂轮基体轮轴2.1内，主风道5.4与多个均布在砂轮基体2.2内的风通道5.5相连通，多个风通道5.5在砂轮基体2.2内沿径向方向呈辐射状分布，其末端出风口设置于砂轮磨片3.3的周向1/2位置处的砂轮基体2.2上。柔性伸缩风道5.3可调节风道长度，可采用波纹管等。
如图2和图5所示，风道控制部6包括通风门6.1、通风门开关6.2，多个通风 门6.1一一对应安装在风通道5.5上，用于开闭风通道5.5。本实施例中通风门6.1为翻板阀。通风门开关6.2由通风门开关固定端6.2.1和通风门开关转动端6.2.2组成，通风门6.1的翻板阀阀芯与通风门开关转动端6.2.2固定连接，且一起随砂轮基体部2转动，翻板阀随通风门开关转动端6.2.2转动90度，可实现风通道5.5的开关交替，通风门开关固定端6.2.1固定在磨床移动架上需要调整通风门6.1开关状态的位置处，本实施例中为进摩擦点位置和出摩擦点位置，不同工件摩擦点位置不同时，可调整通风门开关固定端6.2.1的安装位置。通风门开关转动端6.2.2随砂轮基体部2转动，与通风门开关固定端6.2.1接触后实现90度转动，进而实现通风门6.1的开关交替。
磨床磨削作业时，该砂轮装置通过砂轮基体部2支撑在支座1上，砂轮基体部2在电机的带动下实现高速旋转，砂轮基体部2上的砂轮磨片部3在离心力的作用下，活动端向外转动，当离心力与弹簧3.2的拉力平衡时，砂轮磨片3.3达到平衡位置，砂轮磨片3.3与待加工工件接触，对工件进行磨削加工。同时砂轮磨片3.3与砂轮基体部2之间存在一定间隙，此间隙与风道部5相连通，此时通风门6.1处于开启风通道5.5状态。在风机5.1吸力作用下，磨削产生的沿切向飞出的磨屑通过风通道5.5吸入风道部5，由风道部5排出。砂轮磨片3.3与砂轮基体部2之间间隙与砂轮旋转速度呈正比，磨屑数量也与砂轮旋转速度呈正比，并且飞行角度也与砂轮旋转速度呈正向关系，能够自适应实现磨屑的回收。而通过风机5.1的吸气运转，空气由外部进入砂轮基体2.2内部，经过砂轮磨片3.3内部时对流传热，对砂轮起到良好的冷却作用，避免砂轮磨片3.3烧蚀。而冷却砂轮磨片3.3后的空气被吸入气溶胶过滤件5.2，避免了冷却空气产生气溶胶污染，磨削热与砂轮旋转速度呈正比关系，随着转速提高，砂轮磨片3.3与砂轮基体部2之间的间隙逐渐增大，风阻将减小，能够自适应控制砂轮磨片3.3的冷却作用。砂轮磨片3.3单纯在离心力与弹簧3.2的拉力作用时，存在一定不确定性，因此适用于粗磨。
本实施例通过砂轮磨片控制部4对砂轮磨片3.3位置的控制实现精细加工，轨道组件4.2与导向轮组件4.1共同作用，一起控制砂轮磨片3.3活动端的位置，从而精确控制砂轮磨片3.3的转动磨削位置，实现精细加工。同时轨道组件4.2在轨道支撑件4.3的作用下，可调整轨道组件4.2相对于工件的位置，实现对磨削精度的精确控制。
本实施例中对砂轮磨片3.3位置的控制只针对磨削点，当砂轮磨片3.3与工件脱开时，轨道组件4.2应与导向轮组件4.1脱开，保证砂轮磨片3.3与砂轮基体部2在离心力作用下，自适应除尘和冷却作用。
砂轮磨片3.3在背向工件时，对应的风通道5.5的通风门6.1在通风门开关6.2带动下关闭，最大限度的保证与工件接触的砂轮磨片3.3的除尘和冷却。
本实施例中通风门开关6.2的工作原理：通风门开关转动端6.2.2在砂轮旋转作用下，在需要调整通风门6.1开关状态的位置，与通风门开关固定端6.2.1发生接触，每次接触通风门开关转动端6.2.2转动90度，从而实现风通道5.5开和关的交替状态，在进入磨削点之前实现开，在远离磨削点后实现关。
虽然上面结合本发明的优选实施例对本发明的原理进行了详细的描述，本领域技术人员应该理解，上述实施例仅仅是对本发明的示意性实现方式的解释，并非对本发明包含范围的限定。实施例中的细节并不构成对本发明范围的限制，在不背离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，任何基于本发明技术方案的等效变换、简单替换等显而易见的改变，均落在本发明保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种磨床自适应砂轮装置，其特征在于，所述砂轮装置包括支座(1)、砂轮基体部(2)、砂轮磨片部(3)、风道部(5)；
    所述砂轮基体部(2)包括砂轮基体轮轴(2.1)、砂轮基体(2.2)，所述砂轮基体(2.2)为圆柱体结构，所述砂轮基体(2.2)通过所述砂轮基体轮轴(2.1)固定于所述支座(1)上，所述支座(1)安装于防尘罩内的磨床移动架上；
    所述砂轮磨片部(3)包括砂轮磨片(3.3)，多个所述砂轮磨片(3.3)沿所述砂轮基体部(2)周向分别通过固定端依次与所述砂轮基体(2.2)相连接；所述砂轮基体部(2)带动所述砂轮磨片部(3)一起旋转；
    所述风道部(5)包括风机(5.1)、气溶胶过滤件(5.2)、主风道(5.4)、风通道(5.5)；所述风机(5.1)通过所述气溶胶过滤件(5.2)与所述主风道(5.4)相连，所述主风道(5.4)设置于所述砂轮基体轮轴(2.1)内，与多个均布在所述砂轮基体(2.2)内的所述风通道(5.5)相连通，多个所述风通道(5.5)在所述砂轮基体(2.2)内沿径向方向呈辐射状分布，其末端出风口设置于所述砂轮基体(2.2)上；
    所述砂轮磨片(3.3)在离心力作用下磨削工件，所述风道部(5)通过所述风机(5.1)的吸气运转，回收磨屑，并对所述砂轮磨片(3.3)内部降温。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的磨床自适应砂轮装置，其其特征在于，所述砂轮装置还包括砂轮磨片控制部(4)，所述砂轮磨片控制部(4)位于磨削工件侧，用于控制所述砂轮磨片(3.3)的磨削轨迹。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的磨床自适应砂轮装置，其特征在于，所述砂轮磨片控制部(4)包括导向轮组件(4.1)、轨道组件(4.2)，所述导向轮组件(4.1)与所述砂轮磨片(3.3)的活动端相连接，所述轨道组件(4.2)为伸缩式轨道，固定于所述磨床移动架上；所述导向轮组件(4.1)与所述轨道组件(4.2)相接触，由所述轨道组件(4.2)支撑。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的磨床自适应砂轮装置，其特征在于，所述砂轮磨片控制部(4)还包括轨道支撑件(4.3)，所述轨道组件(4.2)通过所述轨道支撑件(4.3) 固定于所述磨床移动架上，所述轨道支撑件(4.3)能够带动所述轨道组件(4.2)伸缩移动，改变所述轨道组件(4.2)的轨道半径。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的磨床自适应砂轮装置，其特征在于，所述砂轮装置还包括风道控制部(6)，用于控制所述风通道(5.5)的开闭。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的磨床自适应砂轮装置，其特征在于，所述风道控制部(6)包括通风门(6.1)、通风门开关(6.2)，多个所述通风门(6.1)一一对应安装在所述风通道(5.5)上，通过所述通风门开关(6.2)控制开关。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的磨床自适应砂轮装置，其特征在于，所述通风门(6.1)为翻板阀；所述通风门开关(6.2)包括通风门开关固定端(6.2.1)和通风门开关转动端(6.2.2)，所述通风门(6.1)的翻板阀阀芯与所述通风门开关转动端(6.2.2)固定连接，所述通风门开关固定端(6.2.1)固定在所述磨床移动架上需要调整所述通风门(6.1)开关状态的位置处；所述通风门开关转动端(6.2.2)与所述通风门开关固定端(6.2.1)接触后转动90度，带动所述通风门(6.1)的开关交替。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的磨床自适应砂轮装置，其特征在于，所述砂轮磨片部(3)还包括转轴(3.1)、弹簧(3.2)，所述砂轮磨片(3.3)的固定端通过所述转轴(3.1)与所述砂轮基体(2.2)相连接，所述砂轮磨片(3.3)能够围绕所述转轴(3.1)自由转动；所述砂轮磨片(3.3)的周向方向中部通过所述弹簧(3.2)与所述砂轮基体(2.2)相连接。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的磨床自适应砂轮装置，其特征在于，所述风道部(5)还包括柔性伸缩风道(5.3)，所述气溶胶过滤件(5.2)通过所述柔性伸缩风道(5.3)与所述主风道(5.4)相连。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的磨床自适应砂轮装置，其特征在于，所述支座(1)包括轴承座(1.1)和轴承(1.2)，两个所述轴承座(1.1)对称固定于所述磨床移动架上，所述轴承(1.2)安装于所述轴承座(1.1)上，所述砂轮基体部(2)两端分别通过所述砂轮基体轮轴(2.1)置于所述轴承(1.2)上。
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