WO2022097745A1 - 肉様加工食品の製造方法 - Google Patents
肉様加工食品の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022097745A1 WO2022097745A1 PCT/JP2021/040966 JP2021040966W WO2022097745A1 WO 2022097745 A1 WO2022097745 A1 WO 2022097745A1 JP 2021040966 W JP2021040966 W JP 2021040966W WO 2022097745 A1 WO2022097745 A1 WO 2022097745A1
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- vegetable protein
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
- A23J3/00—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs
- A23J3/14—Vegetable proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
- A23J3/00—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs
- A23J3/14—Vegetable proteins
- A23J3/16—Vegetable proteins from soybean
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
- A23J3/00—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs
- A23J3/22—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by texturising
- A23J3/225—Texturised simulated foods with high protein content
- A23J3/227—Meat-like textured foods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
- A23J3/00—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs
- A23J3/30—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by hydrolysis
- A23J3/32—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by hydrolysis using chemical agents
- A23J3/34—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by hydrolysis using chemical agents using enzymes
- A23J3/346—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by hydrolysis using chemical agents using enzymes of vegetable proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L11/00—Pulses, i.e. fruits of leguminous plants, for production of food; Products from legumes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L11/05—Mashed or comminuted pulses or legumes; Products made therefrom
- A23L11/07—Soya beans, e.g. oil-extracted soya bean flakes
Definitions
- an object of the present invention is to provide a processing technique for enhancing the binding property of organized vegetable protein material in the production of processed meat-like foods.
- Item 1 A method for producing a processed meat-like food, which comprises a step A in which a protease is allowed to act on an organized vegetable protein material.
- Item 2. Item 2. The production method according to Item 1, wherein the protease is a protease derived from the genus Aspergillus, a protease derived from the genus Diovacillus, a protease derived from the genus Bacillus, and / or a protease derived from a plant.
- the protease is a protease derived from the genus Aspergillus, a protease derived from the genus Diovacillus, a protease derived from the genus Bacillus, and / or a protease derived from a plant.
- the protease is described as a protease derived from Aspergillus oryzae, a protease derived from Aspergillus melleus, a protease derived from Geobacillus stearomophilus, a protease derived from Bacillus stearomophilus, a protease derived from Bacillus stearomophilus, a protease derived from Bacillus amylolix, or a protease derived from Bacillus amylolique. Production method. Item 4.
- step B in which transglutaminase, glucose oxidase, maltotriosyltransferase, polyphenol oxidase, ⁇ -amylase, ⁇ -amylase, ⁇ -amylase, glucoamylase, cellulase, pectinase, lipase, nuclease, and / or deaminase are allowed to act.
- the manufacturing method according to any one of Items 1 to 3.
- Item 6. The production method according to any one of Items 1 to 4, wherein the step B is performed after the step A.
- Item 6. Item 6.
- the appearance of a hamburger (before baking) molded using soybean meat (block-shaped) and protease is shown.
- the appearance of a hamburger (after baking) cooked with soybean meat (block), protease and bread crumbs is shown.
- the appearance and cross section of the hamburger (before baking) molded using soybean meat (block-shaped), protease, bread crumbs and eggs, and the appearance and cross section of the hamburger after baking are shown.
- the appearance of the hamburger steak (before baking) molded using soybean meat (block-shaped), protease and a predetermined enzyme, and the cross section of the hamburger steak after baking are shown.
- the appearance and cross section of the hamburger (before baking) molded by using soybean meat (block shape), protease, a predetermined enzyme, and potato starch are shown, and the appearance and cross section of the hamburger after baking.
- the appearance of the hamburger steak (before baking) molded using soybean meat (block-shaped) and protease and the appearance of the hamburger steak after baking are shown.
- the appearance of the hamburger steak (before baking) molded using soybean meat (block-shaped) and one or two kinds of proteases and the appearance of the hamburger steak after baking are shown.
- the appearance of the hamburger (before baking) and the appearance of the hamburger after baking using soybean meat (block-shaped) and a protease alone or a combination of a protease and a combination enzyme are shown.
- the appearance after baking of a hamburger steak molded using soybean meat (block-like or flake-like) or pea meat (block-like) and protease is shown.
- the method for producing processed meat-like food of the present invention is characterized by comprising a step A in which a protease is allowed to act on an organized vegetable protein material. Thereby, the binding property of the organized vegetable protein material can be enhanced.
- a protease is allowed to act on an organized vegetable protein material.
- the organized vegetable protein material used in the present invention is known as an alternative meat (pseudo meat), and as a typical example, a raw material mixture containing vegetable protein and water is extruded with an extruder or the like, dried or refrigerated. Examples include materials organized like meat.
- Examples of the form of the organized vegetable protein material include granular and fibrous. Among the forms of these organized vegetable protein materials, granules are preferable from the viewpoint of further enhancing the effect of improving the binding property. As a more specific form of the granular organized vegetable protein material, it may be in the form of minced meat, flakes, or blocks. Since the production method of the present invention is excellent in the binding property of the organized vegetable protein material, even when a block shape having a small surface area per unit volume is used among the granular organized vegetable protein materials, individual granules are used. It is also easy to collect the organized vegetable protein materials and form them into a mass.
- organized vegetable protein materials include granular vegetable protein and fibrous vegetable protein.
- Granular vegetable protein and fibrous vegetable protein both refer to those defined in "Japanese Agricultural Standards for Vegetable Protein".
- the organized vegetable protein material used in the present invention is not limited to this as long as it is a material organized like meat as described above.
- the type of vegetable protein contained in the organized vegetable protein material is not particularly limited, but is, for example, bean protein such as soybean protein, empty bean protein, pea protein, chick bean protein, green bean protein; wheat protein, rye protein, oat. Examples thereof include grain proteins such as wheat protein and corn protein.
- the vegetable protein contained in the organized vegetable protein material may contain one of the above-mentioned vegetable proteins alone, or may contain two or more of them.
- vegetable proteins bean protein is preferable, and soybean protein and pea protein are more preferable, from the viewpoint of further enhancing the effect of improving the binding property.
- the organized vegetable protein material preferably includes an organized bean protein material, and more preferably an organized soybean protein material and an organized pea protein material. ..
- the content of the vegetable protein contained in the organized vegetable protein material is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 30% by weight or more, 40. Weight% or more can be mentioned. From the viewpoint of further enhancing the effect of improving the binding property, the content thereof is preferably 43% by weight or more, more preferably 45% by weight or more, still more preferably 50% by weight or more, or 52% by weight or more.
- the upper limit of the content range is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include 90% by weight or less, preferably 80 important% or less.
- characteristics other than the type of vegetable protein and the content ratio of vegetable protein for example, properties, water content, particle size, product temperature, raw materials other than food additives, etc. Food additives, chewyness, water retention, foreign matter, content
- their measuring methods can be based on the characteristics and measuring methods defined in "Japanese Agricultural and Forestry Standards for Vegetable Proteins”.
- the protease used in step A of the production method of the present invention is an enzyme having protease activity (EC 3.4 group).
- the protease may be a protease having at least endopeptidase activity, may be a protease having endopeptidase activity alone, or may be a protease having both endopeptidase activity and exopeptidase activity.
- protease is not particularly limited and may be any of acidic protease, neutral protease and alkaline protease.
- protease examples include proteases derived from microorganisms, mammals, plants and the like, and more specifically, the genus Aspergillus, the genus Geobacillus, the genus Bacillus, the genus Streptomyces ( Microorganisms of the genus Streptomyces, Bacillus and the like; mammals such as pigs (pancreatic); proteases derived from plants such as papaya and pineapple can be mentioned.
- proteases derived from the genus Aspergillus include proteases derived from Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus milleus, and Aspergillus sojae.
- proteases from the viewpoint of further enhancing the effect of improving the binding property, preferably, a protease derived from the genus Aspergillus, a protease derived from the genus Geobasillus, a protease derived from the genus Bacillus, and / or a protease derived from a plant such as papaya or pineapple.
- a protease derived from the genus Geobasillus more preferably Aspirillus oryzae, a protease derived from Aspergillus melleus, a protease derived from Geobacillus theaterlothemofilus, a protease derived from Bacillus theaterlothelofilus, and a protease derived from Bacyllus Is a protease derived from Geobacillus theatermophilus).
- the amount of protease used is not particularly limited, and examples of the amount used per 1 g of vegetable protein contained in the organized vegetable protein material include, for example, 100 U or more, preferably 300 U or more. From the viewpoint of further enhancing the effect of improving the binding property, the amount of protease used per 1 g of the vegetable protein is preferably 500 U or more, more preferably 650 U or more, still more preferably 800 U or more, still more preferably 950 U or more. Even more preferably, 1500 U or more, 2000 U or more, 5000 U or more, or 7000 U or more can be mentioned.
- the upper limit of the range of the amount of the protease used per 1 g of vegetable protein is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include 20000 U or less, 10000 U or less, more preferably 9000 U or less, still more preferably 8000 U or less, 6000 U or less, 3000 U or less, or 2000 U or less. Be done.
- the protease derived from the genus Geobacillus preferably the protease derived from Geobacillus stearomophilus
- the upper limit of the usage range of the Geobacillus-derived protease per hit include 1500 U or less, preferably 1000 U or less, and more preferably 800 U or less.
- Examples of the amount of protease used per 1 g of the organized vegetable protein material include 50 U or more and 140 U or more. From the viewpoint of further enhancing the effect of improving the binding property, the amount of protease used per 1 g of the organized vegetable protein material is preferably 230 U or more, more preferably 300 U or more, still more preferably 360 U or more, still more preferably 430 U. Above, more preferably 670U or more, 900U or more, 2300U or more, or 3200U or more can be mentioned.
- casein and substrate pH condition is pH 3.0 when measuring acidic protease activity, pH 6.0 when measuring neutral protease activity, pH 8 when measuring alkaline protease.
- the amount of enzyme that produces a product equivalent to 1 ⁇ g of tyrosine per minute when reacted at 37 ° C. is defined as 1 unit (1 U) unit.
- the organized vegetable protein material that has been rehydrated or thawed with water may be appropriately mixed with the protease.
- binders and / or other ingredients can be mixed as needed.
- the binder one or more of bread crumbs, potato starch, eggs and the like can be selected and used. Examples of other foodstuffs can be appropriately determined by those skilled in the art according to the type of processed meat-like food, and examples thereof include vegetables.
- the treatment conditions of step A are not particularly limited, and can be set in consideration of the optimum conditions of the protease to be used.
- examples of the treatment temperature include 40 to 75 ° C., preferably 50 to 70 ° C., 55 to 69 ° C., 60 to 68 ° C., or 63 to 67 ° C.
- the treatment time of the step A is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 20 minutes or more, preferably 40 minutes or more, and more preferably 50 minutes or more, although it depends on the scale of the organized vegetable protein material and the like.
- the upper limit of the processing time range is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include 24 hours or less, 12 hours or less, 6 hours or less, or 2 hours or less.
- the production method of the present invention can further include step B in which an enzyme other than protease (hereinafter, also referred to as "combination enzyme”) is allowed to act from the viewpoint of further enhancing the binding property.
- the concomitant enzyme is not particularly limited, but is preferably transglutaminase, glucose oxidase, maltotriosyl transferase, polyphenol oxidase, ⁇ -amylase, ⁇ -amylase from the viewpoint of not impairing the expression of the effect of improving the binding property by the protease. , ⁇ -Glucosidase, glucoamylase, cellulase, pectinase, lipase, nuclease, and / or deaminase.
- the transglutaminase used in the present invention is an enzyme having transglutaminase activity (EC2.3.2.13).
- Examples of transglutaminase include both calcium-dependent ones that require calcium for activity expression and calcium-independent ones that do not require calcium for activity expression.
- Specific examples of transglutaminase include transglutaminase derived from microorganisms, mammals, fish and the like, and more specifically, Streptomyces, Bacillus and Geobacillus. Microorganisms belonging to the genus and the like; mammals such as guinea pigs (liver), cows (blood), pigs (blood); transglutaminase derived from fish such as salmon, madai, and cod.
- transglutaminase may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- calcium-dependent and calcium-independent transglutaminase calcium-independent transglutaminase is preferably mentioned from the viewpoint of further enhancing the effect of improving the binding property.
- a microorganism-derived transglutaminase is preferably mentioned, more preferably a Streptomyces-derived transglutaminase is mentioned, and a Streptomyces mobaraensis-derived is particularly preferable. Examples include transglutaminase.
- the amount of transglutaminase used is not particularly limited, but examples of the amount used per 1 g of vegetable protein contained in the organized vegetable protein material include, for example, 1 U or more, preferably 5 U or more. From the viewpoint of further enhancing the effect of improving the binding property, the amount of transglutaminase used per 1 g of vegetable protein contained in the organized vegetable protein material is preferably 10 U or more, more preferably 15 U or more, still more preferably. 20U or more can be mentioned.
- the upper limit of the range of the amount of transglutaminase used per 1 g of vegetable protein is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include 100 U or less, 50 U or less, preferably 40 U or less, and more preferably 30 U or less.
- Examples of the amount of transglutaminase used per 1 g of organized vegetable protein material include 2.3 U or more. From the viewpoint of further enhancing the effect of improving the binding property, the amount of transglutaminase used per 1 g of the organized vegetable protein material is preferably 1 U or more, more preferably 4.5 U or more, still more preferably 6.8 U or more. , More preferably 9U or more.
- the upper limit of the range of the amount of transglutaminase used per 1 g of the organized vegetable protein material is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include 50 U or less, preferably 22 U or less, more preferably 18 U or less, and further preferably 13 U or less.
- the ratio of the amount of protease to transglutaminase used is determined according to each of the above amounts, but from the viewpoint of further enhancing the effect of improving the binding property, the amount of transglutaminase used per 1U of protease is, for example, 0. 0.01 U or more, preferably 0.01 U or more, preferably 0.02 U or more, more preferably 0.025 U or more, still more preferably 0.03 U or more.
- the upper limit of the range of the amount of transglutaminase used per 1 U of protease is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include 1 U or less, preferably 0.1 U or less, more preferably 0.06 U or less, and further preferably 0.04 U or less.
- transglutaminase when benzyloxycarbonyl-L-glutaminylglycine and hydroxylamine are reacted at 37 ° C., the amount of enzyme that produces 1 ⁇ mol of hydroxamic acid per minute is 1 unit (1 unit). 1U).
- the glucose oxidase used in the present invention is an enzyme (EC 1.1.3.4) having glucose oxidase activity.
- glucose oxidase include glucose oxidase derived from microorganisms and the like, and more specifically, glucose oxidase derived from the genus Aspergillus and the like.
- glucose oxidase derived from the genus Aspergillus include glucose oxidase derived from Aspergillus niger.
- the amount of glucose oxidase used is not particularly limited, but examples of the amount used per 1 g of vegetable protein contained in the organized vegetable protein material include, for example, 1 U or more, preferably 7 U or more. From the viewpoint of further enhancing the effect of improving the binding property, the amount of glucose oxidase used per 1 g of vegetable protein contained in the organized vegetable protein material is preferably 15 U or more, more preferably 20 U or more, still more preferably. 25U or more, more preferably 32U or more.
- Examples of the amount of glucose oxidase used per 1 g of the organized vegetable protein material include 0.5 U or more, preferably 3 U or more. From the viewpoint of further enhancing the effect of improving the binding property, the amount of glucose oxidase used per 1 g of the organized vegetable protein material is preferably 4 U or more, more preferably 6 U or more, still more preferably 10 U or more, still more preferably 14 U. The above can be mentioned.
- the upper limit of the amount of glucose oxidase used per 1 g of the organized vegetable protein material is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 50 U or less, preferably 27 U or less, more preferably 23 U or less, still more preferably 19 U or less, 15 U or less, or 13U or less can be mentioned.
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Abstract
Description
項1. 組織化植物性タンパク質材料に、プロテアーゼを作用させる工程Aを含む、肉様加工食品の製造方法。
項2. 前記プロテアーゼが、アスペルギルス属由来プロテアーゼ、ジオバシラス属由来プロテアーゼ、バシラス属由来プロテアーゼ、及び/又は植物由来プロテアーゼである、項1に記載の製造方法。
項3. 前記プロテアーゼが、Aspergillus oryzae由来プロテアーゼ、Aspergillus melleus由来プロテアーゼ、Geobacillus stearothermophilus由来プロテアーゼ、Bacillus stearothermophilus由来プロテアーゼ、Bacillus amyloliquefaciens由来プロテアーゼ、Bacillus licheniformis由来プロテアーゼ、パパイン、及び/又はブロメラインである、項1又は2に記載の製造方法。
項4. さらに、トランスグルタミナーゼ、グルコースオキシダーゼ、マルトトリオシル転移酵素、ポリフェノールオキシダーゼ、α-アミラーゼ、β-アミラーゼ、βグルコシダーゼ、グルコアミラーゼ、セルラーゼ、ペクチナーゼ、リパーゼ、ヌクレアーゼ、及び/又はデアミナーゼを作用させる工程Bを含む、項1~3のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
項5. 前記工程Aの後に前記工程Bを行う、項1~4のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
項6. 前記組織化植物性タンパク質材料に含まれる植物性タンパク質が大豆タンパク質及び/又はエンドウタンパク質である、項1~5のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
項7. 前記組織化植物性タンパク質材料に含まれる植物性タンパク質1g当たり、前記プロテアーゼを100U以上用いる、項1~6のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
項8. プロテアーゼを含む、組織化植物性タンパク質材料の結着性向上剤。
本発明の肉様加工食品の製造方法は、組織化植物性タンパク質材料に、プロテアーゼを作用させる工程Aを含むことを特徴とする。これによって、組織化植物性タンパク質材料の結着性を高めることができる。以下、肉様加工食品の製造方法について詳述する。
上述の通り、プロテアーゼは、組織化植物性タンパク質材料の結着性を向上させることができる。したがって、本発明は、プロテアーゼを含む、組織化植物性タンパク質材料の結着性向上剤も提供する。
(3-1)プロテアーゼ活性値測定法
0.6%(v/w)カゼイン溶液(0.05mol/Lリン酸水素ナトリウム、pH8.0、PR-MSD以外のプロテアーゼを測定する場合)又は0.6%(v/w)カゼイン溶液(0.7%(v/w)乳酸、pH3.0、PR-MSDを測定する場合)5mLを正確に量り、37℃で10分間加温した後、プロテアーゼを含む試料溶液1mLを正確に加え、直ちに振り混ぜた。この液を37℃で正確に10分間放置した後、0.44mol/Lトリクロロ酢酸試液5mLを正確に加えて振り混ぜ、再び37℃で30分間放置し、ろ過した。初めのろ液3mLを除き、次のろ液2mLを正確に量り、0.55mol/L炭酸ナトリウム試液5mL及び薄めたフォリン試液(1→3)1mLをそれぞれ正確に加え、よく振り混ぜ、37℃で30分間放置した。この液(酵素反応液)につき、水を対照とし、波長660nmにおける吸光度ATを測定した。
トランスグルタミナーゼの酵素活性測定は、ベンジルオキシカルボニル-L-グルタミニルグリシンとヒドロキシルアミンを基質とし、以下の基質溶液及び発色溶液を用いて以下に記載する方法で行った。
2-アミノ-2-ヒドロキシメチル-1.3-プロパンジオール2.42g、塩酸ヒドロキシアンモニウム0.70g、還元型グルタチオン0.31g、Z-Gln-Gly(ベンジルオキシカルボニル-L-グルタミニルグリシン)1.01gを蒸留水に溶解し総量100mLとする(pH6.0)ことにより調製した。
3M塩酸溶液30mL、12重量%トリクロロ酢酸溶液30mL、5重量%塩化鉄(III)溶液30mLを混合することにより調製した。
酵素を200mMのTris-HCl(pH6.0)で適当な濃度に希釈し、サンプル溶液を調製した。サンプル溶液10μLに基質溶液100μLを添加し混合した後、37℃で10分間反応させた。発色溶液100μLを加えて反応を停止させるともにFe錯体を形成させた後、525nmの吸光度を測定した。対照として、予め熱失活させたサンプル溶液を用いて同様に反応させたものの吸光度を測定し、非失活のサンプル溶液との吸光度差を求めた。別途、サンプル溶液の代わりにL-グルタミン酸-γ-モノヒドロキサム酸を用いて検量線を作成し、前記吸光度差より生成されたヒドロキサム酸の量を求めた。1分間に1μモルのヒドロキサム酸を生成する酵素活性を1単位(1U)と定義した。
適当量の酵素を量り、冷却したpH7.0のリン酸カリウム・水酸化ナトリウム緩衝液(0.1mol/L)を加えて溶解又は均一に分散して50mLとしたものを試料液とした。D(+)-グルコース2.50gを量り、水を加えて溶かし、25mLとしたものを基質溶液とした。基質溶液0.5mL、リン酸カリウム・水酸化ナトリウム緩衝液(0.1mol/L、pH7.0、フェノール含有)2mL、パーオキシダーゼ試液(25単位/mL)0.5mL及び4-アミノアンチピリン溶液(1→250)0.1mLを石英セルに入れ、37℃で10分間加温した。この液に試料液0.1mLを加えてよく混ぜて37℃で加温し、検液とした。別に試料液の代わりにpH7.0のリン酸カリウム・水酸化ナトリウム緩衝液(0.1mol/L)又は水を用いて検液の調製と同様に操作し、比較液とした。検液及び比較液につき、試料液添加2分後及び5分後の波長500nmにおける吸光度を測定した。生成したキノンイミン色素のモル吸光係数から酸化されたグルコース量を定量した。1分間に1μmolのグルコースを酸化するのに必要な酵素量を1単位とした。
1%マルトテトラオース(林原生物化学研究所製)を含む10mmol/LのMES緩
衝液(pH6.5)2mLに酵素溶液0.5mLを添加して、40℃で60分間放置した。放置後、沸騰水浴中で5分間加熱した後、流水中で冷却した。生成したグルコースをグルコースCII-テストワコー(和光純薬製)で定量した。本条件下、1分間に1μmolのグルコースを生成する酵素量を1単位(1U)とした。
フェノール試液(0.25mol/L)1mLをガラスセルに入れ、4-アミノアンチピリン試液(0.009mol/L)1mL及びポリフェノールオキシダーゼ活性試験用緩衝液0.5mLを加えて混合し、30℃で10分間加温した後、あらかじめ30℃に加温した試料液0.5mLを加えて混合した。試料液を添加した10秒後及び40秒後の波長505nmにおける吸光度を測定して、30秒間における波長505nmの吸光度変化を求めた。1分間に吸光度が0.1増加するとき、反応液1mL中に含まれる酵素量を1単位(1POU)とした。
5gの大豆ミート1を水25mlに加え、さらに表5に示す酵素を50mg加えて混合し、50℃で1時間静置した後、70℃で1時間静置した。その後、大豆ミート1表面の表面を指で触れ、スティッキング性(粘り付き)の有無を調べることで、結着性の向上効果が得られたか否かを評価した。結果を表5に示す。
大豆ミート1を湯につけて水戻し、約3倍に膨張させた。表6に示す酵素を表示の量で加えて65℃で1時間静置後、手でこねてハンバーグ状に成型した。成形した大豆ミート1の外観を図1に示す。
つなぎとして、水戻し後の大豆ミート1に対して5重量%のパン粉を用いたことを除いて、試験例2と同様にしてハンバーグ状に成型し、焼成した。焼成して得られたハンバーグの外観を図2に示す。
大豆ミート1を湯につけて水戻し、約3倍に膨張させた。表8に示すプロテアーゼを表示の量で加えて65℃で1時間静置後、さらに表8に示すプロテアーゼ以外の酵素を表示の量で加え、手でこねてハンバーグ状に成型した。成形した大豆ミート1を低温で2時間静置した後、焼成した。成形した大豆ミート1の外観及び焼成して得られたハンバーグの断面を図4に示す。
水戻し後の大豆ミート1に対して5重量%の片栗粉を用い、表9に示す酵素を表示の量で用いたことを除いて、試験例4と同様にしてハンバーグを焼成した。成形した大豆ミート1の外観並びに焼成して得られたハンバーグの外観及び断面を図5に示す。
180gの大豆ミート1に水1000mlを加えて10分間ボイルした後、水を切ることで、水戻し大豆ミート1を得た。30gの水戻し大豆ミート1に対し、水100mlと表10に示す酵素(水戻し大豆ミート1の100重量部に対して0.3重量部となる量)とを添加して50℃で1時間処理した後、水を切った。得られた酵素処理大豆ミート1を手で捏ねた後、粉末エンドウタンパク2gを加えて更に混ぜてハンバーグ状に成型し、その後焼成した。成形した大豆ミート1の外観及び焼成して得られたハンバーグの外観を図6に示す。
水戻し後の大豆ミート1に対して添加する酵素を表11に示す酵素又は酵素の組み合わせに変更し、添加する酵素量を、1つの酵素につき水戻し大豆ミート1の100重量部に対して0.15重量部となる量に変更したことを除いて試験例6と同様にしてハンバーグを焼成した。成形した大豆ミート1の外観及び焼成して得られたハンバーグの外観を図7に示す。
水戻し後の大豆ミート1に対して添加する酵素を表12に示す酵素又は酵素の組み合わせに変更し、添加する酵素量を、1つの酵素につき水戻し大豆ミート1の100重量部に対して0.3重量部となる量に変更したことを除いて、試験例6と同様にしてハンバーグを焼成した。成形した大豆ミート1の外観及び焼成して得られたハンバーグの外観を図8に示す。
大豆ミート2、大豆ミート3、エンドウミート1及び大豆ミート4をそれぞれ15g(乾燥重量)に、4500UのTH-PC10Fと水90mlとを加えて60℃で1時間処理した後、水を切った。得られた酵素処理大豆ミート2又は3、若しくは酵素処理エンドウミート1又は2に、粉末エンドウタンパク2g、オリーブオイル5g、及び食塩0.45gを加えた後、手で捏ねて成型し、その後、焼成することで、大豆ミート2のハンバーグ(実施例41)、大豆ミート3のハンバーグ(実施例42)、エンドウミート1のハンバーグ(実施例43)及び大豆ミート4のハンバーグ(実施例44)を得た。また、TH-PC10Fを加えなかったことを除いて実施例41~実施例44それぞれと同様の作業を行った(比較例6~9)。
Claims (8)
- 組織化植物性タンパク質材料に、プロテアーゼを作用させる工程Aを含む、肉様加工食品の製造方法。
- 前記プロテアーゼが、アスペルギルス属由来プロテアーゼ、ジオバシラス属由来プロテアーゼ、バシラス属由来プロテアーゼ、及び/又は植物由来プロテアーゼである、請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 前記プロテアーゼが、Aspergillus oryzae由来プロテアーゼ、Aspergillus melleus由来プロテアーゼ、Geobacillus stearothermophilus由来プロテアーゼ、Bacillus stearothermophilus由来プロテアーゼ、Bacillus amyloliquefaciens由来プロテアーゼ、Bacillus licheniformis由来プロテアーゼ、パパイン、及び/又はブロメラインである、請求項1又は2に記載の製造方法。
- さらに、トランスグルタミナーゼ、グルコースオキシダーゼ、マルトトリオシル転移酵素、ポリフェノールオキシダーゼ、α-アミラーゼ、β-アミラーゼ、βグルコシダーゼ、グルコアミラーゼ、セルラーゼ、ペクチナーゼ、リパーゼ、ヌクレアーゼ、及び/又はデアミナーゼを作用させる工程Bを含む、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 前記工程Aの後に前記工程Bを行う、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 前記組織化植物性タンパク質材料に含まれる植物性タンパク質が大豆タンパク質及び/又はエンドウタンパク質である、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 前記組織化植物性タンパク質材料に含まれる植物性タンパク質1g当たり、前記プロテアーゼを100U以上用いる、請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- プロテアーゼを含む、組織化植物性タンパク質材料の結着性向上剤。
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WO2024101326A1 (ja) * | 2022-11-10 | 2024-05-16 | 天野エンザイム株式会社 | 組織化植物性タンパク質の製造方法 |
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