WO2022092210A1 - 転動部材及び転がり軸受 - Google Patents
転動部材及び転がり軸受 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022092210A1 WO2022092210A1 PCT/JP2021/039842 JP2021039842W WO2022092210A1 WO 2022092210 A1 WO2022092210 A1 WO 2022092210A1 JP 2021039842 W JP2021039842 W JP 2021039842W WO 2022092210 A1 WO2022092210 A1 WO 2022092210A1
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- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 158
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 182
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
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- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
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- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 2
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Images
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
- F16C19/04—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly
- F16C19/06—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly with a single row or balls
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
- F16C19/10—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for axial load mainly
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
- F16C2204/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- F16C2204/66—High carbon steel, i.e. carbon content above 0.8 wt%, e.g. through-hardenable steel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2223/00—Surface treatments; Hardening; Coating
- F16C2223/10—Hardening, e.g. carburizing, carbo-nitriding
- F16C2223/14—Hardening, e.g. carburizing, carbo-nitriding with nitriding
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2223/00—Surface treatments; Hardening; Coating
- F16C2223/10—Hardening, e.g. carburizing, carbo-nitriding
- F16C2223/16—Hardening, e.g. carburizing, carbo-nitriding with carbo-nitriding
Definitions
- the present invention relates to rolling members and rolling bearings.
- rolling members such as raceway rings and rolling elements of rolling bearings have been made of high carbon chrome bearing steel (SUJ2, SUJ3, etc.) specified in JIS standard (JIS G 4805: 2008). Further, in order to improve the durability on the surface of the rolling member, the surface layer portion has been conventionally subjected to a nitrogen immersion treatment.
- SUJ2, SUJ3, etc. high carbon chrome bearing steel
- the usage environment for rolling bearings has become even more severe. Therefore, sufficient durability may not be obtained only by forming the rolling member from a general steel material such as SUJ2 or SUJ3 and subjecting the surface layer portion to a distilling treatment.
- the rolling member is formed of a steel material containing a large amount of silicon (Si) and manganese (Mn).
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-282178
- Cr chromium
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 may have insufficient durability of rolling members depending on the application.
- the addition of chromium to the steel material may cause the carbides in the steel to become coarse.
- the coarsened carbides can be a source of stress concentration and a starting point for premature desquamation.
- the passivation film has the effect of suppressing the diffusion of hydrogen into steel, but also has the effect of promoting the adsorption of hydrogen.
- the rolling bearing described in Patent Document 3 is used intermittently, hydrogen dissipates when stopped. Therefore, delaying the invasion of hydrogen into the steel by a passivation film is effective in preventing premature peeling. Is.
- the rolling bearing described in Patent Document 3 is continuously used, a large amount of hydrogen is adsorbed on the passivation film, and the amount of hydrogen invading the steel increases, resulting in premature peeling. It will be easier.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art. More specifically, the present invention provides a rolling member and a rolling bearing capable of extending the life.
- the rolling member according to one aspect of the present invention is made of hardened steel having a contact surface.
- the rolling member is provided with a surface layer portion in a region having a depth of up to 20 ⁇ m from the contact surface.
- Steel is composed of carbon of 0.70% by mass or more and 1.10% by mass or less, silicon of 0.15% by mass or more and 0.35% by mass or less, and manganese of 0.30% by mass or more and 0.60% by mass or less. , 1.30% by mass or more and 1.60% by mass or less of chromium, 0.01% by mass or more and 0.50% by mass or less of molybdenum, and 0.01% by mass or more and 0.50% by mass or less of vanadium.
- the balance consists of iron and unavoidable impurities.
- the nitrogen content in the surface layer portion is 0.2% by mass or more and 0.8% by mass or less.
- the steel is 0.90% by mass or more and 1.10% by mass or less of carbon, 0.20% by mass or more and 0.30% by mass or less of silicon, and 0.40% by mass or more and 0.
- the content of nitrogen in the surface layer portion may be 0.3% by mass or more and 0.5% by mass or less.
- a total of 60 or more precipitates having a particle size of 0.50 ⁇ m or less per 100 ⁇ m 2 are present in the surface layer portion, and the precipitates are deposited on the surface layer portion.
- the total area ratio of objects may be 1% or more and 10% or less.
- the volume fraction of the residual austenite amount at a position where the depth from the contact surface is 50 ⁇ m may be 20% or more and 40% or less.
- the hardness at a position where the depth from the contact surface is 50 ⁇ m may be 653 Hv or more and 800 Hv or less.
- a total of 80 or more precipitates having a particle size of 0.50 ⁇ m or less per 100 ⁇ m 2 are present in the surface layer portion, and the precipitates are deposited on the surface layer portion.
- the total area ratio of objects may be 2% or more and 7% or less.
- the volume fraction of the residual austenite amount at a position where the depth from the contact surface is 50 ⁇ m may be 25% or more and 35% or less.
- the hardness at a position where the depth from the contact surface is 50 ⁇ m may be 653 Hv or more and 800 Hv or less.
- the rolling bearing according to one aspect of the present invention includes a track member and a rolling element arranged in contact with the track member. At least one of the track member and the rolling element is the above-mentioned rolling member.
- the life can be extended.
- rolling bearing 100 (Structure of rolling bearing according to the first embodiment)
- the rolling bearing 100 is, for example, a single flat seat thrust ball bearing.
- the rolling bearing 100 is not limited to this.
- the rolling bearing 100 is, for example, for a vehicle (fuel cell vehicle, electric vehicle, etc.) transformer axle, vehicle transmission (stepless transmission, etc.), or vehicle motor (drive device, transmission).
- the rolling bearing 100 may be used for a hydrogen pressure reducing valve of a fuel cell vehicle or a hydrogen circulator of a fuel cell vehicle.
- the rolling bearing 100 may be used for electrical components of a vehicle or for an auxiliary machine of a vehicle (alternator, electromagnetic clutch of a car air conditioner, fan coupling device, intermediate pulley, electric fan motor, compressor, etc.).
- the rolling bearing 100 may be a hub bearing.
- the rolling bearing 100 is for machine tools (for spindles, etc.), wind power generators (for speed increasing machines, etc.), railroad vehicles (for axles, drive devices, traction motors, etc.), construction machinery (for Askul, etc.). ), For paper machines or transmissions.
- the use of the rolling bearing 100 is not limited to these.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the rolling bearing 100.
- the rolling bearing 100 has a central axis A.
- FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of the rolling bearing 100 in a cross section along the central axis A.
- the rolling bearing 100 has a raceway member (raceway ring or racetrack) and a rolling element.
- the track members are the inner ring (axle track board) 10 and the outer ring (housing track board) 20, and the rolling elements are balls 30.
- the rolling bearing 100 further has a cage 40.
- the inner ring 10 has an annular (ring-shaped) shape.
- the inner ring 10 has a first surface 10a, a second surface 10b, an inner peripheral surface 10c, and an outer peripheral surface 10d.
- the first surface 10a and the second surface 10b constitute end faces in a direction along the central axis A (hereinafter referred to as "axial direction").
- the second surface 10b is the opposite surface of the first surface 10a in the axial direction.
- the first surface 10a has a raceway surface 10aa.
- the first surface 10a is recessed on the second surface 10b side in the raceway surface 10aa.
- the raceway surface 10aa has a partial arc shape.
- the raceway surface 10aa is a surface that comes into contact with the ball 30, and constitutes a contact surface of the inner ring 10.
- the inner peripheral surface 10c is a surface facing the central axis A side.
- the inner peripheral surface 10c is connected to the first surface 10a at one end in the axial direction and is connected to the second surface 10b at the other end in the axial direction.
- the outer peripheral surface 10d is a surface facing the opposite side of the central axis A. That is, the outer peripheral surface 10d is the opposite surface of the inner peripheral surface 10c in the direction orthogonal to the central axis A (hereinafter referred to as “diameter direction”).
- the outer peripheral surface 10d is connected to the first surface 10a at one end in the axial direction and is connected to the second surface 10b at the other end in the axial direction.
- the outer ring 20 has a ring shape.
- the outer ring 20 has a first surface 20a, a second surface 20b, an inner peripheral surface 20c, and an outer peripheral surface 20d.
- the first surface 20a and the second surface 20b form end faces in the axial direction.
- the outer ring 20 is arranged so that the first surface 20a faces the first surface 10a.
- the second surface 20b is the opposite surface of the first surface 20a in the axial direction.
- the first surface 20a has a raceway surface 20aa.
- the first surface 20a is recessed on the second surface 20b side in the raceway surface 20aa.
- the raceway surface 20aa has a partial arc shape.
- the raceway surface 20aa is a surface that comes into contact with the ball 30, and constitutes a contact surface of the outer ring 20.
- the inner peripheral surface 20c is a surface facing the central axis A side.
- the inner peripheral surface 20c is connected to the first surface 20a at one end in the axial direction and is connected to the second surface 20b at the other end in the axial direction.
- the outer peripheral surface 20d is a surface facing the opposite side of the central axis A. That is, the outer peripheral surface 20d is the opposite surface of the inner peripheral surface 20c in the direction orthogonal to the central axis A (hereinafter referred to as “diameter direction”).
- the outer peripheral surface 20d is connected to the first surface 20a at one end in the axial direction and is connected to the second surface 20b at the other end in the axial direction.
- the ball 30 has a spherical shape.
- the number of balls 30 is plural.
- the ball 30 is arranged between the first surface 10a and the first surface 20a. More specifically, the ball 30 is arranged between the raceway surface 10aa and the raceway surface 20aa.
- the ball 30 comes into contact with the raceway surface 10aa and the raceway surface 20aa on its surface. That is, the surface of the ball 30 is a contact surface.
- the cage 40 holds the ball 30.
- the cage 40 holds the balls 30 so that the distance between two adjacent balls 30 in a direction along the circumference about the central axis A (hereinafter referred to as "circumferential direction") is within a certain range. ..
- the inner ring 10, the outer ring 20, and the ball 30 are made of steel having the composition shown in Table 1 (hereinafter referred to as “first composition”).
- the inner ring 10, the outer ring 20, and the ball 30 may be made of steel having the composition shown in Table 2 (hereinafter referred to as “second composition”).
- the steel constituting the inner ring 10, the outer ring 20 and the ball 30 is hardened. It is sufficient that at least one of the inner ring 10, the outer ring 20 and the ball 30 is made of steel having the first composition (second composition).
- Carbon (C) affects the hardness of the contact surface (trajectory surface 10aa, raceway surface 20aa, and surface of the ball 30) after quenching.
- the carbon content in the steel is less than 0.70% by mass, it is difficult to secure sufficient hardness on the contact surface. Further, when the carbon content in the steel is less than 0.70% by mass, it is necessary to supplement the carbon content on the surface by carburizing or the like, which causes a decrease in production efficiency and an increase in production cost. If the carbon content in the steel exceeds 1.10% by mass, cracking (quenching cracking) may occur during quenching. Therefore, in the steel of the first composition, the carbon content is 0.70% by mass or more and 1.10% by mass or less.
- Silicon is added to ensure workability before deoxidation and soaking treatment during steel refining. If the silicon content in the steel is less than 0.15 mass percent, the temper softening resistance will be inadequate. As a result, the hardness of the contact surface may decrease due to tempering after quenching or an increase in temperature during use of the rolling bearing 100. If the silicon content in the steel exceeds 0.35% by mass, the steel may become too hard and the tool life of the cutting tool used to machine the inner ring 10 (outer ring 20, ball 30) may be shortened. .. Further, in this case, the material cost of steel increases. Therefore, in the steel of the first composition, the silicon content is 0.15% by mass or more and 0.35% by mass or less.
- Manganese is added to ensure the hardenability and hardness of steel.
- the content of manganese in the steel is less than 0.30% by mass, it is difficult to secure the hardenability and hardness of the steel. If the manganese content in the steel exceeds 0.60 mass percent, the steel may become too hard and the tool life of the cutting tool used to machine the inner ring 10 (outer ring 20, ball 30) may be shortened. .. Further, in this case, the material cost of steel increases. Therefore, in the steel of the first composition, the manganese content is set to 0.30% by mass or more and 0.60% by mass or less.
- Chromium is added to ensure the hardenability of steel and to secure the hardness by forming fine precipitates with the nitrification treatment.
- the chromium content in the steel is less than 1.30% by mass, it is difficult to ensure the hardenability and hardness of the steel. If the chromium content in the steel exceeds 1.60% by mass, the precipitates may be coarsened and become the starting point of fatigue fracture. Further, in this case, the material cost of steel increases. Therefore, in the steel of the first composition, the chromium content is 1.30% by mass or more and 1.60% by mass or less.
- Molybdenum is added to ensure the hardenability of steel and to secure the hardness by forming fine precipitates with the nitrification treatment. Since molybdenum has a strong affinity for carbon, it is precipitated as an undissolved carbide in the steel during the distillation treatment. Since the undissolved carbide of molybdenum becomes a precipitate nucleus during quenching, molybdenum increases the amount of precipitate after quenching.
- the molybdenum content in the steel is less than 0.01% by mass, it is difficult to secure the hardenability and hardness of the steel. If the molybdenum content in the steel exceeds 0.50% by mass, the precipitates may be coarsened and become the starting point of fatigue fracture. In this case, the material cost of steel also increases. Therefore, in the steel of the first composition, the molybdenum content is 0.01% by mass or more and 0.50% by mass or less.
- Vanadium is added to ensure the hardenability of steel and to secure the hardness by forming fine precipitates with the nitrification treatment.
- the content of vanadium in the steel is less than 0.01% by mass, it is difficult to secure the hardenability and hardness of the steel. If the content of vanadium in the steel exceeds 0.50% by mass, the precipitate may be coarsened and become a starting point of fatigue fracture. In this case, the material cost of steel also increases. Therefore, the steel having the first composition has a vanadium content of 0.01% by mass or more and 0.50% by mass or less.
- the inner ring 10, the outer ring 20, and the ball 30 have a surface layer portion 50 on their surfaces.
- the surface layer portion 50 is a region having a depth of up to 20 ⁇ m from the surfaces of the inner ring 10, the outer ring 20, and the ball 30.
- the surface layer portion 50 may be formed on at least the contact surfaces of the inner ring 10, the outer ring 20, and the ball 30. Further, the surface layer portion 50 may be formed on at least one of the inner ring 10, the outer ring 20, and the ball 30.
- the surface layer portion 50 is a portion formed by the infiltration treatment.
- the content of nitrogen in the surface layer portion 50 is 0.2% by mass or more and 0.8% by mass or less.
- the nitrogen content in the surface layer portion 50 is set to 0.2% by mass or more and 0.8% by mass or less.
- the nitrogen content in the surface layer portion 50 is preferably 0.3% by mass or more and 0.5% by mass or less.
- the nitrogen content in the surface layer portion 50 is measured by an electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA: Electron Probe MicroAnalyzer).
- a total of 60 or more precipitates having a particle size of 0.5 ⁇ m or less are present in the surface layer portion 50 per 100 ⁇ m 2 .
- a total of 80 or more precipitates having a particle size of 0.5 ⁇ m or less are present in the surface layer portion 50 per 100 ⁇ m 2 .
- the total area ratio of the precipitates in the surface layer portion 50 is preferably 1% or more and 10% or less. In a cross-sectional view orthogonal to the contact surface, the total area ratio of the precipitates in the surface layer portion 50 is more preferably 2% or more and 7% or less.
- the precipitates in the surface layer portion 50 are, for example, carbonitrides and nitrides.
- Carbonitrides include carbides of iron, those in which carbon in the carbides of iron is replaced with nitrogen, and those in which iron in the carbides of iron is replaced with alloying elements other than iron.
- the nitride is an iron nitride.
- the precipitate in the surface layer portion 50 may be a carbide, carbonitride or nitride of the alloying element contained in the steel.
- the precipitate in the steel of the surface layer portion 50 may be a nitride containing chromium or vanadium as a main component or a carbonitride containing chromium or vanadium as a main component.
- a nitride containing chromium (vanadium) as a main component is a nitride of chromium (vanadium) or a part of the site of chromium (vanadium) in the nitride replaced with an alloying element other than chromium (vanadium). Is.
- the carbonitride containing chromium (vanadium) as the main component is one in which a part of the carbon site in the carbide of chromium (vanadium) is replaced by nitrogen.
- the site of chromium (vanadium), which is a carbonitride containing chromium (vanadium) as a main component, may be substituted with an alloying element other than chromium (vanadium).
- a cross-sectional image of the surface layer portion 50 was acquired at a magnification of 5000 times using an electric field radiation scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM: Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope), and the cross-sectional image was binarized. It is calculated by performing image processing on the binarized cross-sectional image.
- the cross-sectional image of the surface layer portion 50 is acquired in three or more visual fields, and the area ratio is taken as the average value of the plurality of cross-sectional images.
- the particle size of each precipitate is obtained by obtaining the area of each precipitate using the same method as above and multiplying the square root of the value obtained by dividing the area by ⁇ by 2.
- the volume fraction of the retained austenite in the steel constituting the inner ring 10, the outer ring 20 and the ball 30 is preferably 20% or more and 40% or less at the position where the depth from the contact surface is 50 ⁇ m. This makes it possible to improve the durability of the contact surface (particularly, the durability of the contact surface in an environment where foreign matter is mixed). If the volume fraction of retained austenite is less than 25%, the durability of the contact surface may be insufficient. Further, when the volume fraction of retained austenite exceeds 35%, there is a concern about secular variation due to decomposition of retained austenite.
- the volume ratio of the retained austenite in the steel constituting the inner ring 10, the outer ring 20 and the ball 30 is 25% or more and 35% or less at the position where the depth from the contact surface is 50 ⁇ m.
- the amount of retained austenite in the steel at a position where the depth from the contact surface is 50 ⁇ m is measured by the X-ray diffraction method. More specifically, the amount of retained austenite in the steel at a position where the depth from the contact surface is 50 ⁇ m is measured using MSF-3M manufactured by Rigaku Co., Ltd.
- the hardness of the inner ring 10, the outer ring 20 and the ball 30 at a position where the depth from the contact surface is 50 ⁇ m is preferably 653 Hv or more and 800 Hv or less. If the hardness at a position where the depth from the contact surface is 50 ⁇ m is less than 653 Hv, the durability of the contact surface may be insufficient. On the other hand, if the hardness at a position where the depth from the contact surface is 50 ⁇ m exceeds 800 Hv, ductility and toughness may decrease, and premature damage may occur.
- the hardness of the inner ring 10, the outer ring 20 and the ball 30 at a position where the depth from the contact surface is 50 ⁇ m is measured by the Vickers hardness test method specified in JIS standard (JIS Z 2244: 2009).
- the load at the time of measurement is 300 gf.
- the steel of the surface layer portion 50 has martensite block grains.
- the two adjacent martensite block grains have a difference in crystal orientation of 15 ° or more at the grain boundaries. From another point of view, even if there is a portion where the crystal orientation is deviated, if the difference in crystal orientation is less than 15 °, the location is different from the grain boundary of the martensite block grain. Not considered.
- the grain boundaries of martensite block grains are determined by the EBSD (Electron Back Scattered Diffraction) method.
- the average particle size of the martensite block grains at a comparative area ratio of 30% is 2.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle size of the martensite block grains at a comparative area ratio of 50% is preferably 1.5 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle size of martensite block grains at a comparative area ratio of 30% (50%) is measured by the following method.
- each martensite block grain contained in the observation field is added in order from the one with the largest area. This addition is carried out until it reaches 30 percent (50 percent) of the total area of martensite block grains contained in the observation field.
- a circle-equivalent diameter is calculated for each of the martensite block grains subject to the above addition. This circle-equivalent diameter is the square root of the area of the martensite block grains divided by ⁇ / 4.
- the average value of the circle-equivalent diameters of the martensite block grains subject to the above addition is regarded as the average particle size of the martensite block grains at a comparative area ratio of 30% (50%).
- FIG. 2 is a process diagram showing a manufacturing method of the rolling bearing 100.
- the method for manufacturing the rolling bearing 100 includes a preparation step S1, a heat treatment step S2, a finishing step S3, and an assembly step S4.
- the heat treatment step S2 is performed after the preparation step S1.
- the finishing step S3 is performed after the heat treatment step S2.
- the assembly step S4 is performed after the finishing step S3.
- the member to be processed to be subjected to the heat treatment step S2 and the finishing step S3 is prepared.
- a ring-shaped member is prepared when the inner ring 10 and the outer ring 20 are to be formed, and a spherical member is prepared when the ball 30 is to be formed.
- the member to be processed is made of steel having a first composition or a second composition.
- the heat treatment step S2 includes a heating step S21, a cooling step S22, and a tempering step S23.
- the heating step S21 the member to be processed is held at a temperature equal to or higher than the A1 transformation point for a predetermined time.
- the immersion treatment of the member to be processed is also performed. This immersion treatment is carried out by performing the above-mentioned heating and holding in an atmospheric gas containing a gas as a nitrogen source (for example, ammonia gas).
- the cooling step S22 is performed after the heating step S21.
- the member to be processed is cooled to a temperature equal to or lower than the Ms transformation point. This cooling is performed by, for example, oil cooling.
- the tempering step S23 is performed after the cooling step S22. In the tempering step S23, the member to be processed is held at a temperature below the A1 transformation point for a predetermined time.
- finishing process S3 finishing (grinding / polishing) and cleaning of the member to be processed are performed.
- the inner ring 10, the outer ring 20, and the ball 30 are prepared.
- the assembly step S4 the inner ring 10, the outer ring 20, and the ball 30 are assembled together with the cage 40.
- the rolling bearing 100 having the structure shown in FIG. 1 is manufactured.
- the outer ring 20 and the ball 30 damage such as cracks occurs on the contact surface (and directly below the contact surface). It's hard. Further, in the rolling bearing 100, since the inner ring 10, the outer ring 20 and the ball 30 are made of steel having the first composition or the second composition, fine precipitates are deposited in the surface layer portion 50 and the like, so that they come into contact with each other. Hardness on the surface (and immediately below it) can be ensured, and it is possible to prevent those precipitates from becoming a stress concentration source (starting point of crack generation).
- the rolling bearing 100 fine precipitates are deposited on the surface layer portion 50 and the hardness of the contact surface is ensured, so that the formation of a new metal surface on the contact surface is suppressed. Therefore, in the rolling bearing 100, hydrogen is less likely to be generated on the contact surface. Further, in the rolling bearing 100, fine precipitates are deposited on the surface layer portion 50, and the vicinity of the precipitates becomes hydrogen trap sites, so that the amount of hydrogen invaded in the surface layer portion 50 is reduced. Therefore, in the rolling bearing 100, early peeling damage due to hydrogen embrittlement is unlikely to occur. As described above, according to the rolling bearing 100, the life of the rolling bearing can be extended.
- the toughness of the surface layer portion 50 is increased.
- the shear resistance of the contact surface (specifically, the surface of the raceway surface 10da, the raceway surface 20ca, and the ball 30) is improved. Therefore, in this case, the durability of the rolling bearing 100 can be further improved.
- Samples 1, 2 and 3 were prepared as samples of rolling bearings.
- Sample 1, Sample 2 and Sample 3 are single thrust ball bearings of JIS standard 51106 model number having an inner diameter of 30 mm, an outer diameter of 47 mm and a width of 11 mm.
- the inner ring and outer ring of Sample 1 were formed of steel having the composition shown in Table 3.
- the compositions shown in Table 3 are within the range of the first composition and the second composition.
- the inner ring and outer ring of sample 2 and the inner ring and outer ring of sample 3 were formed of steel having the composition shown in Table 4.
- the composition shown in Table 4 is within the composition range of SUJ2 defined in the JIS standard, and is outside the range of the first composition and the second composition.
- the balls of Sample 1, Sample 2, and Sample 3 were made of stainless steel (SUS440C).
- the heat treatment step S2 was performed on the inner ring and the outer ring of the sample 1 and the inner ring and the outer ring of the sample 2.
- the heat treatment step S2 is not performed on the inner ring and the outer ring of the sample 3. More specifically, the inner ring and the outer ring of the sample 3 have been quenched and tempered, but have not been soaked.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the distribution of carbon and nitrogen contents in the surface layer of the inner ring and the outer ring of the sample 1.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the distribution of carbon and nitrogen contents in the surface layer portions of the inner ring and the outer ring of the sample 2.
- the horizontal axis is the distance from the surface (unit: mm)
- the vertical axis is the carbon and nitrogen content (unit is mass percent).
- the nitrogen content in the surface layer portion of the inner ring and outer ring of sample 1 and the inner ring and outer ring of sample 2 is 0.3% by mass or more and 0.5% by mass or less. Met.
- the nitrogen content in the surface layer portion of the inner ring and the outer ring of the sample 3 was 0% by mass (nitrogen was not contained).
- the total area ratio of the precipitates was 2.2% or more and 7.0% or less.
- the total area ratio of the precipitates was 1.2% or more and 4.0% or less.
- the total area ratio of the precipitates was 0.07% or more and 0.24% or less.
- the total number of precipitates in the surface layer portion of the inner ring and the outer ring of Sample 1 was 66 or more and 425 or less per 100 ⁇ m 2 .
- the total number of precipitates was 29 or more and 81 or less per 100 ⁇ m 2 .
- the total number of precipitates was 8 or more and 50 or less per 100 ⁇ m 2 .
- FIG. 5 is a typical cross-sectional FE-SEM image of the surface layer portion of the inner ring and the outer ring of the sample 1.
- FIG. 6 is a typical cross-sectional FE-SEM image of the surface layer portion of the inner ring and the outer ring of the sample 2.
- the precipitates were made finer (the particle size of most of the precipitates was 0.5 ⁇ m or less).
- the precipitates were not refined (the particle size of most of the precipitates exceeded 0.5 ⁇ m). ..
- the volume ratio of retained austenite at the position where the depth from the contact surface of the inner ring and the outer ring of Sample 1 was 50 ⁇ m was 29.8% or more and 30.8% or less.
- the volume ratio of the retained austenite at the position where the depth from the contact surface of the inner ring and the outer ring of the sample 2 was 50 ⁇ m was 30.2% or more and 31.4% or less.
- the volume ratio of the retained austenite at the position where the depth from the contact surface of the inner ring and the outer ring of the sample 3 was 50 ⁇ m was 9.7% or more and 11.5% or less.
- the hardness of the sample 1 at the position where the depth from the contact surface of the inner ring and the outer ring was 50 ⁇ m was 755 Hv or more and 759 Hv or less.
- the hardness of the sample 2 at a position where the depth from the contact surface of the inner ring and the outer ring was 50 ⁇ m was 749 Hv or more and 758 Hv or less.
- the hardness of the sample 3 at a position where the depth from the contact surface of the inner ring and the outer ring was 50 ⁇ m was 735 Hv or more and 765 Hv or less.
- Rolling fatigue life test was performed on Sample 1, Sample 2, and Sample 3. As shown in Table 7, the rolling fatigue life test mixes polyglycol and pure water with a maximum contact surface pressure of 2.3 GPa, rapid acceleration / deceleration between 0 rpm and 2500 rpm. It was carried out under the condition that it was lubricated using the one that had been used.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the results of the rolling fatigue life test.
- the horizontal axis is the life (unit is time), and the vertical axis is the cumulative failure probability (unit is percentage).
- the rolling fatigue life of sample 2 was longer than that of sample 3 when compared in terms of L10 life (time when the cumulative failure probability was 10 %). From this comparison result, it is an experiment that the rolling fatigue life is improved by performing the nitrogen immersion treatment so that the nitrogen content in the surface layer portion 50 is 0.2% by mass or more and 0.8% by mass or less. Was also shown.
- the rolling fatigue life of sample 1 was longer than the rolling fatigue life of sample 2 when compared with the L10 life. From this comparison result, by forming at least one of the inner ring 10, the outer ring 20 and the ball 30 from the steel having the first composition, the precipitates are finely dispersed in the surface layer portion 50, and the rolling fatigue life is improved. It was also shown experimentally.
- the hydrogen penetration characteristics of the orbital members (inner ring and outer ring) of Sample 1 and Sample 3 into the surface layer were evaluated by the following method.
- the track members of Samples 1 and 3 before being subjected to the above-mentioned rolling fatigue life test are heated from room temperature to 400 ° C. before being subjected to the rolling fatigue life test.
- the amount of hydrogen released from the orbital members of Sample 1 and Sample 3 was measured.
- the amount of hydrogen released from the orbital members of No. 1 and Sample 3 was measured.
- the ratio of the amount of hydrogen released before and after the rolling fatigue life test (that is, the amount of hydrogen released after being subjected to the rolling fatigue life test is the amount of hydrogen released before being subjected to the rolling fatigue life test). The value divided by) was 3.2. On the other hand, in sample 1, the ratio of the amount of hydrogen released before and after the rolling fatigue life test was 0.9. From this comparison, it was experimentally clarified that the formation of the surface layer portion 50 on the contact surface suppresses the invasion of hydrogen into the surface layer portion 50 and suppresses the premature exfoliation due to hydrogen embrittlement.
- the bearing component according to the second embodiment is, for example, an inner ring 210 of a rolling bearing.
- the inner ring 210 will be described as an example of the bearing component according to the second embodiment.
- the bearing parts according to the second embodiment are not limited to this.
- the bearing component according to the second embodiment may be an outer ring of a rolling bearing or a rolling element of a rolling bearing.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the inner ring 210.
- the inner ring 210 has a ring shape.
- the central axis of the inner ring 210 is defined as the central axis A1.
- the inner ring 210 has a width surface 210a, a width surface 210b, an inner peripheral surface 210c, and an outer peripheral surface 210d.
- the width surface 210a, the width surface 210b, the inner peripheral surface 210c, and the outer peripheral surface 210d constitute the surface of the inner ring 210.
- the direction of the central axis A1 will be the axial direction. Further, in the following, the direction along the circumference about the central axis A1 when viewed along the axial direction is referred to as the circumferential direction. Further, in the following, the direction orthogonal to the axial direction is referred to as the radial direction.
- the width surface 210a and the width surface 210b are end faces of the inner ring 210 in the axial direction.
- the width surface 210b is the opposite surface of the width surface 210a in the axial direction.
- the inner peripheral surface 210c extends in the circumferential direction.
- the inner peripheral surface 210c faces the central axis A1 side.
- the inner peripheral surface 210c is connected to the width surface 210a at one end in the axial direction and is connected to the width surface 210b at the other end in the axial direction.
- the inner ring 210 is fitted to a shaft (not shown) on the inner peripheral surface 210c.
- the outer peripheral surface 210d extends in the circumferential direction.
- the outer peripheral surface 210d faces the side opposite to the central axis A1. That is, the outer peripheral surface 210d is the opposite surface of the inner peripheral surface 210c in the radial direction.
- the outer peripheral surface 210d is connected to the width surface 210a at one end in the axial direction and is connected to the width surface 210b at the other end in the axial direction.
- the outer peripheral surface 210d has a raceway surface 210da.
- the orbital plane 210da extends in the circumferential direction.
- the outer peripheral surface 210d is recessed on the inner peripheral surface 210c side in the raceway surface 210da.
- the raceway surface 210da has a partial circular shape.
- the raceway surface 210da is in the center of the outer peripheral surface 210d in the axial direction.
- the raceway surface 210da is a part of the outer peripheral surface 210d that comes into contact with a rolling element (not shown in FIG. 1).
- the inner ring 210 is made of steel. More specifically, the inner ring 210 is made of steel that has been quenched and tempered.
- the steel constituting the inner ring 210 is 0.70% by mass or more and 1.10% by mass or less of carbon, 0.15% by mass or more and 0.35% by mass or less of silicon, and 0.30% by mass or more and 0.60% by mass. It contains less than or equal to manganese, less than 1.30% by weight of chromium, less than 0.50% by weight of vanadium and less than 0.50% by weight of molybdenum.
- the molybdenum content is 0.01% by mass or more
- the vanadium content is 0.01% by mass or more.
- the carbon in the steel constituting the inner ring 210 is 0.70% by mass or more in order to improve the hardness.
- the carbon content in the steel constituting the inner ring 210 is 1.10% by mass or less in order to suppress shrinkage.
- the manganese in the steel constituting the inner ring 210 is 0.30% by mass or more in order to ensure hardenability.
- the manganese in the steel constituting the inner ring 210 is 0.60 mass% or less because the manganese-based non-metal inclusions increase in the steel when the amount of manganese is excessive.
- vanadium is contained in the steel constituting the inner ring 210 is to miniaturize the nitride and the carbonitride.
- the vanadium in the steel constituting the inner ring 210 is 0.50% by mass or less in order to suppress the cost increase due to the addition of vanadium.
- the reason why molybdenum is contained in the steel constituting the inner ring 210 is to make the nitride and the carbonitride finer and to improve the hardenability.
- the molybdenum in the steel constituting the inner ring 210 is 0.50% by mass or less in order to suppress the cost increase due to the addition of molybdenum.
- the steel constituting the inner ring 210 is carbon of 0.90% by mass or more and 1.10% by mass or less, silicon of 0.20% by mass or more and 0.30% by mass or less, and 0.40% by mass or more and 0.50% by mass.
- the rest of the steel constituting the inner ring 210 is iron and unavoidable impurities.
- FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of IX in FIG.
- the region where the distance from the surface is up to 20 ⁇ m is the surface layer portion 211.
- the surface of the inner ring 210 is subjected to a distilling treatment.
- the nitrogen concentration in the steel of the surface layer portion 211 is, for example, 0.15% by mass or more.
- the nitrogen concentration in the steel of the surface layer portion 211 is preferably 0.20% by mass or more and 0.30% by mass or less.
- the nitrogen concentration in the steel of the surface layer portion 211 is measured using EPMA (Electron Probe Micro Analyzer).
- Precipitates are dispersed in the steel of the surface layer portion 211.
- the precipitate is a nitride containing chromium or vanadium as a main component or a carbonitride containing chromium or vanadium as a main component.
- a nitride containing chromium (vanadium) as a main component is a nitride of chromium (vanadium) or a part of the site of chromium (vanadium) in the nitride replaced with an alloying element other than chromium (vanadium). Is.
- the carbonitride containing chromium (vanadium) as the main component is one in which a part of the carbon site in the carbide of chromium (vanadium) is replaced by nitrogen.
- the site of chromium (vanadium), which is a carbonitride containing chromium (vanadium) as a main component, may be substituted with an alloying element other than chromium (vanadium).
- the area ratio of the precipitate is preferably 2.0% or less.
- the maximum particle size of the precipitate is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or less.
- the area ratio and maximum particle size of the precipitates in the steel of the surface layer portion 211 are measured by the following methods.
- a cross-sectional image (hereinafter referred to as “SEM image”) is acquired by using an SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope).
- SEM image scanning Electron Microscope
- the magnification when acquiring this SEM image is 15000 times.
- image processing is performed on the acquired SEM image. More specifically, since the precipitate looks white in the SEM image, the area of each of the white parts in the SEM image and the total area are calculated by image processing.
- the total area of the white part in the SEM image is regarded as the area ratio of the precipitate in the steel of the surface layer portion 211.
- the square root of the value obtained by dividing the maximum value of the area of each portion that is white in the SEM image by ⁇ / 4 is regarded as the maximum particle size of the precipitate in the steel of the surface layer portion 211.
- Cementite (Fe 3 C) may be further dispersed in the steel of the surface layer portion 211. Some of the iron sites in cementite may be substituted with alloying elements, and some of the carbon sites in cementite may be substituted with nitrogen.
- the maximum particle size of cementite in the steel of the surface layer portion 211 is preferably 1.5 ⁇ m or less.
- the maximum grain size of cementite in the steel of the surface layer portion 211 is measured by the following method.
- the volume ratio of retained austenite in steel is preferably 15% or more at a position where the distance from the surface of the inner ring 210 is 50 ⁇ m. It is more preferable that the volume ratio of retained austenite in the steel is 25% or more and 35% or less at a position where the distance from the surface of the inner ring 210 is 50 ⁇ m.
- the volume ratio of retained austenite in steel is measured by X-ray diffraction. That is, the volume ratio of the retained austenite in the steel is calculated by comparing the integrated intensity of the diffraction peak in the X-ray diffraction of austenite with the integrated intensity of the diffraction peak in the X-ray diffraction of the phase other than austenite.
- the hardness of the steel is preferably 58 HRC or more at a position where the distance from the surface of the inner ring 210 is 50 ⁇ m. It is more preferable that the hardness of the steel is 58 HRC or more and 64 HRC or less at a position where the distance from the surface of the inner ring 210 is 50 ⁇ m.
- the hardness of steel is measured according to the Rockwell hardness test method defined in JIS standard (JIS Z 2245: 2016).
- the steel of the surface layer portion 211 has martensite block grains.
- the two adjacent martensite block grains have a difference in crystal orientation of 15 ° or more at the grain boundaries. From another point of view, even if there is a portion where the crystal orientation is deviated, if the difference in crystal orientation is less than 15 °, the location is different from the grain boundary of the martensite block grain. Not considered.
- the grain boundaries of martensite block grains are determined by the EBSD (Electron Back Scattered Diffraction) method.
- the maximum particle size of martensite block grains in the steel of the surface layer portion 211 is 5.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the maximum particle size of the martensite block in the steel of the surface layer portion 211 is measured by the following method.
- the martensite block grains contained in the observation field of view are specified by the EBSD method.
- This observation field of view is defined as a region of 50 ⁇ m ⁇ 35 ⁇ m.
- the area of each of the martensite block grains contained in the observation field of view is analyzed. The square root of the value obtained by dividing the maximum value of each area of the martensite block grains contained in the observation field by ⁇ / 4 is regarded as the maximum particle size of the martensite block in the steel of the surface layer 211.
- the average particle size of the martensite block grains at a comparative area ratio of 30% is preferably 2.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle size of the martensite block grains at a comparative area ratio of 50% is preferably 1.5 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle size of martensite block grains at a comparative area ratio of 30% (50%) is measured by the following method.
- each martensite block grain contained in the observation field is added in order from the one with the largest area. This addition is carried out until it reaches 30 percent (50 percent) of the total area of martensite block grains contained in the observation field.
- a circle-equivalent diameter is calculated for each of the martensite block grains subject to the above addition. This circle-equivalent diameter is the square root of the area of the martensite block grains divided by ⁇ / 4.
- the average value of the circle-equivalent diameters of the martensite block grains subject to the above addition is regarded as the average particle size of the martensite block grains at a comparative area ratio of 30% (50%).
- the maximum value of the crystal orientation density of the ⁇ 011 ⁇ plane of the martensite block grain is 3.25 times random or less.
- the maximum value of the crystal orientation density of the ⁇ 011 ⁇ plane of the martensite block grain in the steel of the surface layer portion 211 is measured by the following method.
- FIG. 10 is a process diagram showing a method of manufacturing the inner ring 210.
- the method for manufacturing the inner ring 210 includes a preparation step S11, a nitriding step S12, a quenching step S13, a tempering step S14, and a post-treatment step S15.
- the immersion step S12 is performed after the preparation step S11.
- the quenching step S13 is performed after the immersion step S12.
- the tempering step S14 is performed after the quenching step S13.
- the post-treatment step S15 is performed after the tempering step S14.
- the member to be processed is prepared.
- the member to be machined is a ring-shaped member made of the same steel as the inner ring 210.
- the nitriding treatment is performed on the surface of the member to be processed.
- the soaking treatment is performed by holding the member to be processed at a temperature equal to or higher than the A1 transformation point of the steel constituting the member to be processed in an atmosphere containing a nitrogen source (for example, ammonia).
- the member to be processed is quenched. Quenching holds the member to be machined at a temperature above the A1 transformation point of the steel constituting the member to be machined, and then quenching to a temperature below the MS transformation point of the steel constituting the member to be machined. It is done by doing.
- the temperature of heat holding in the quenching step S13 is preferably equal to or lower than the temperature of heat holding in the quenching step S12.
- the quenching step S13 may be performed twice.
- the heat holding temperature in the second quenching step S13 is preferably lower than the heat holding temperature in the first quenching step S13.
- tempering is performed on the member to be processed. Tempering is performed by holding the member to be processed at a temperature below the A1 transformation point of the steel constituting the member to be processed.
- post-treatment step S15 machining (grinding, polishing), cleaning, and the like are performed on the surface of the member to be machined. As a result, the inner ring 210 having the structure shown in FIGS. 1 and 9 is formed.
- the orientation in which the martensite block grains are likely to be formed is not biased to a specific orientation, so that the martensite block in the steel of the surface layer portion 211 is not biased.
- the maximum value of the crystal orientation density of the ⁇ 011 ⁇ plane of the grain becomes smaller.
- the martensite block grains are less likely to become large, so that the maximum particle size of the martensite block grains in the steel of the surface layer portion 211 is increased. It will be 5.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the martensite block grains are miniaturized so that the maximum particle size is 5.0 ⁇ m or less in the steel of the surface layer portion 211, and the maximum value of the crystal orientation density of the ⁇ 011 ⁇ plane is 3.
- the formation orientation of the martensite block grains is randomized so as to be 25 times or less random.
- the toughness of the surface layer portion 211 improves the shear resistance of the surface of the inner ring 210 (specifically, the raceway surface 210 da) in contact with the rolling element.
- the durability is improved.
- the area ratio of the precipitates in the steel of the surface layer 211 is 2.0% or more (that is, when the precipitates are dispersed in the steel of the surface layer 211 at high density)
- the deposits come into contact with the rolling elements.
- the shear resistance of the surface of the inner ring 210 specifically, the raceway surface 210 da
- the durability is further improved.
- the maximum particle size of the precipitate in the steel of the surface layer portion 211 is 0.5 ⁇ m
- the precipitate is densely and finely dispersed in the steel of the surface layer portion 211, so that the wear resistance and toughness are improved. Therefore, the durability of the inner ring 210 is further improved.
- the maximum particle size of cementite in the steel of the surface layer portion 211 is 1.5 ⁇ m or less
- the fine dispersion of cementite further improves the wear resistance and toughness of the inner ring 210.
- the surface layer portion 211 By improving the toughness in the inner ring 210, the durability of the inner ring 210 is further improved.
- the volume ratio of retained austenite in steel at a position where the distance from the surface of the inner ring 210 is 50 ⁇ m is 15% or more (25% or more and 35% or less)
- the durability against indentation origin type peeling in a foreign matter mixed environment. Is improved.
- the hardness of the steel at a position where the distance from the surface of the inner ring 210 is 50 ⁇ m is 58 HRC or more (58 HRC or more and 64 HRC or less)
- the wear resistance of the inner ring 210 is further improved.
- roller bearing 200 The rolling bearing (referred to as “rolling bearing 200") according to the second embodiment will be described below.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the rolling bearing 200.
- the rolling bearing 200 is a deep groove ball bearing.
- the rolling bearing 200 is not limited to this.
- the rolling bearing 200 may be, for example, a thrust ball bearing.
- the rolling bearing 200 has an inner ring 210, an outer ring 220, a rolling element 230, and a cage 240.
- the outer ring 220 has a width surface 220a, a width surface 220b, an inner peripheral surface 220c, and an outer peripheral surface 220d.
- the surface of the outer ring 220 is composed of a width surface 220a, a width surface 220b, an inner peripheral surface 220c, and an outer peripheral surface 220d.
- the width surface 220a and the width surface 220b are end faces of the outer ring 220 in the axial direction.
- the width surface 220b is the opposite surface of the width surface 220a in the axial direction.
- the inner peripheral surface 220c extends in the circumferential direction.
- the inner peripheral surface 220c faces the central axis A1 side.
- the inner peripheral surface 220c is connected to the width surface 220a at one end in the axial direction and is connected to the width surface 220b at the other end in the axial direction.
- the outer ring 220 is arranged so that the inner peripheral surface 220c faces the outer peripheral surface 210d.
- the inner peripheral surface 220c has a raceway surface 220ca.
- the raceway surface 220ca extends in the circumferential direction.
- the inner peripheral surface 220c is recessed on the outer peripheral surface 220d side in the raceway surface 220ca.
- the raceway surface 220ca has a partial circular shape.
- the raceway surface 220ca is in the center of the inner peripheral surface 220c in the axial direction.
- the raceway surface 220ca is a part of the inner peripheral surface 220c that comes into contact with the rolling element 230.
- the outer peripheral surface 220d extends in the circumferential direction.
- the outer peripheral surface 220d faces the side opposite to the central axis A1. That is, the outer peripheral surface 220d is the opposite surface of the inner peripheral surface 220c in the radial direction.
- the outer peripheral surface 220d is connected to the width surface 220a at one end in the axial direction and is connected to the width surface 220b at the other end in the axial direction.
- the outer ring 220 is fitted to a housing (not shown) on the outer peripheral surface 220d.
- the rolling element 230 is spherical.
- the rolling element 230 is arranged between the outer peripheral surface 210d (tracking surface 210da) and the inner peripheral surface 220c (tracking surface 220ca).
- the cage 240 has a ring shape and is arranged between the outer peripheral surface 210d and the inner peripheral surface 220c. The cage 240 holds the rolling elements 230 so that the distance between the two rolling elements 230 adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction is within a certain range.
- the outer ring 220 and the rolling element 230 may be made of the same steel as the inner ring 210.
- the surface layer portion of the outer ring 220 (the region where the distance from the surface of the outer ring 220 is up to 20 ⁇ m) and the surface layer portion of the rolling element 230 (the region where the distance from the surface of the rolling element 230 is up to 20 ⁇ m) have the same configuration as the surface layer portion 211. It may be.
- the track disc (inner ring and outer ring) was formed of the first steel material.
- the trackbed was formed of the second steel material.
- Table 8 The compositions of the first steel material and the second steel material are shown in Table 8. As shown in Table 8, the components of the first steel material and the second steel material are almost the same except for the contents of molybdenum and vanadium.
- the second steel material corresponds to SUJ2, which is a high carbon chromium bearing steel defined in the JIS standard.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing the measurement results of the nitrogen concentration and the carbon concentration in the vicinity of the track surface of the track board of the sample 4.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing the measurement results of the nitrogen concentration and the carbon concentration in the vicinity of the track surface of the track board of the sample 5.
- the horizontal axis of FIGS. 12 and 13 is the distance from the raceway surface (unit: mm), and the vertical axis of FIGS. 12 and 13 is the concentration of carbon or nitrogen (unit: mass percent).
- Table 9 shows the nitrogen concentration in the surface layer portion (the region where the distance from the raceway surface is up to 20 ⁇ m) of the track discs of Samples 4 to 6. As shown in Table 9, the nitrogen concentration was 0.3% or more and 0.5% or less in the steel of the surface layer portion of the orbital discs of Samples 4 and 5. The nitrogen concentration in the steel on the surface of the track disc of Sample 6 was 0.0%.
- the orbitals of Samples 4 to 6 were quenched and tempered.
- the heating and holding temperature at the time of quenching was 850 ° C.
- the heating holding temperature at the time of tempering was 180 ° C.
- the heating and holding time at the time of tempering was set to 2 hours.
- FIG. 14 is an SEM image of the surface layer of the trackbed of sample 4.
- FIG. 15 is an SEM image of the surface layer of the track board of the sample 5.
- the white part is the precipitate and the oval gray part is cementite.
- the area ratio of the precipitate was 2.7% in the steel of the surface layer portion of the orbital board of the sample 4. As shown in Table 10, the area ratio of the precipitate was 1.6% in the steel of the surface layer portion of the sample 5. That is, in the surface layer portion of the track disc of the sample 4, the precipitates were dispersed at a higher density than the surface layer portion of the track disc of the sample 5. From this comparison, it was clarified that the addition of vanadium and molybdenum in an amount of 0.5% by mass or less disperses the precipitates in the steel on the surface layer of the orbital board at a high density.
- the maximum particle size of the precipitate was 0.5 ⁇ m.
- the maximum particle size of the precipitate was 1.1 ⁇ m. That is, in the surface layer portion of the track disc of the sample 4, the precipitates were finely dispersed as compared with the surface layer portion of the track disc of the sample 5. From this comparison, it was clarified that the addition of vanadium and molybdenum in an amount of 0.5% by mass or less disperses the precipitates in the steel on the surface layer of the orbital board in a high density and finely.
- the maximum particle size of cementite was 1.5 ⁇ m or less in the surface layer portion of the orbital discs of Samples 4 and 5. At the surface layer of the track board of Sample 6, the maximum particle size of cementite exceeded 1.5 ⁇ m.
- the volume ratio of retained austenite in the steel was 15% or more at the position where the distance from the raceway surface was 50 ⁇ m.
- the volume ratio of retained austenite in the steel was less than 15 percent at a position at a distance of 50 ⁇ m from the raceway plane.
- the hardness of the steel was 58 HRC or more at the position where the distance from the raceway surface was 50 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 16 is a phase map of EBSD in the surface layer portion of the track disk of sample 4.
- FIG. 17 is a phase map of EBSD in the surface layer portion of the track disc of the sample 5.
- FIG. 18 is a phase map of EBSD in the surface layer portion of the track disc of sample 6.
- the martensite block grains are white.
- the maximum value of the crystal orientation density of the ⁇ 011 ⁇ plane of the martensite block grain is 3.25 times random or less. rice field.
- the maximum value of the crystal orientation density of the ⁇ 011 ⁇ plane of the martensite block grain exceeded 3.25 times random or less.
- the maximum particle size of the martensite block grains was 5.0 ⁇ m or less in the surface layer portion of the orbital board of the sample 4.
- the maximum particle size of the martensite block grains exceeded 5.0 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 19 is a bar graph showing the average particle size of martensite block grains in the surface layer portion of the orbital discs of Samples 4 to 6.
- the vertical axis of the graph in FIG. 19 is the average particle size (unit: ⁇ m) of the martensite block grains.
- the average particle size of the martensite block grains at a comparative area ratio of 30% was 2.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle size of the martensite block grains at a comparative area ratio of 30% exceeded 2.0 ⁇ m.
- the average particle size of the martensite block grains at a comparative area ratio of 50% was 1.5 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle size of the martensite block grains at a comparative area ratio of 50% exceeded 1.5 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 20 is a graph showing the results of the rolling fatigue life test.
- the horizontal axis of the graph of FIG. 20 indicates the life (unit: time), and the vertical axis of the graph of FIG. 13 indicates the cumulative damage probability (unit: percentage).
- the rolling fatigue life test was performed under the conditions shown in Table 15. That is, the maximum contact surface pressure between the rolling element and the track board is 2.3 GPa, the track board undergoes rapid acceleration / deceleration between 0 rpm and 2500 rpm, and the lubricating liquid is polyglycol oil. Was used with pure water added.
- Sample 4 showed better rolling fatigue life than Sample 5. More specifically, the L10 lifetime of sample 4 (the lifetime at which the cumulative failure probability is 10 %) is 2.7 times the L10 lifetime of sample 6 , and the L10 lifetime of sample 5 is L of sample 6. It was 2.1 times the life of 10 times.
- the maximum value of the crystal orientation density of the ⁇ 011 ⁇ plane of the martensite grains is 3.25 times random or less, and the maximum particle size of the martensite grains is 5. It was 0 ⁇ m or less.
- the maximum value of the crystal orientation density of the ⁇ 011 ⁇ plane of the martensite grains exceeds 3.25 times random, and the maximum grain size of the martensite grains exceeds.
- the durability is improved according to the bearing component according to the second embodiment.
- the durability of the bearing component according to the second embodiment is further improved by setting the area ratio and the maximum particle size of the precipitates in the surface layer portion to 2.0% or more and 0.5 ⁇ m or less, respectively. Became clear.
- the L10 life of the sample 5 was longer than the L10 life of the sample 6 .
- the maximum particle size of cementite was 1.5 ⁇ m or less in the surface layer of the trackbed of sample 5, while the maximum particle size of cementite exceeded 1.5 ⁇ m in the surface layer of the trackbed of sample 6. rice field.
- the volume ratio of retained austenite at a position where the distance from the orbital plane is 50 ⁇ m is 15% or more, while in the orbital plane of sample 6, the distance from the orbital plane is 50 ⁇ m.
- the volume ratio of retained austenite at the position was less than 15 percent.
- the ratio of the amount of hydrogen released before and after the rolling fatigue life test (that is, the amount of hydrogen released after being subjected to the rolling fatigue life test is the amount of hydrogen released before being subjected to the rolling fatigue life test). The value divided by) was 3.2.
- the ratio of the amount of hydrogen released before and after the rolling fatigue life test was 0.9. From this comparison, it was experimentally clarified that the formation of the surface layer portion 211 on the contact surface suppresses the invasion of hydrogen into the surface layer portion 211 and suppresses the premature exfoliation due to hydrogen embrittlement.
- the above embodiment is particularly advantageously applied to track members such as inner rings and outer rings, rolling elements such as balls, and rolling bearings using them.
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Abstract
Description
以下に、第1実施形態に係る転がり軸受(以下「転がり軸受100」とする)の構成を説明する。転がり軸受100は、例えば、単式平面座スラスト玉軸受である。但し、転がり軸受100は、これに限られるものではない。
内輪10、外輪20及び玉30は、表1に示される組成(以下「第1組成」とする)の鋼により形成されている。内輪10、外輪20及び玉30は、表2に示される組成(以下「第2組成」とする)の鋼により形成されていてもよい。内輪10、外輪20及び玉30を構成している鋼には、焼き入れが行われている。なお、内輪10、外輪20及び玉30の少なくともいずれかが、第1組成(第2組成)の鋼により形成されていればよい。
図1に示されるように、内輪10、外輪20及び玉30は、それらの表面において、表層部50を有している。表層部50は、内輪10、外輪20及び玉30の表面から深さが20μmまでの領域である。なお、表層部50は、少なくとも内輪10、外輪20及び玉30の接触面に形成されていればよい。また、表層部50は、内輪10、外輪20及び玉30の少なくともいずれかに形成されていればよい。
内輪10、外輪20及び玉30を構成している鋼中の残留オーステナイトの体積率は、接触面からの深さが50μmの位置において、20パーセント以上40パーセント以下であることが好ましい。これにより、接触面の耐久性(特に、異物混入環境下における接触面の耐久性)を改善することができる。なお、残留オーステナイトの体積率が25パーセント未満である場合、接触面の耐久性が不足するおそれがある。また、残留オーステナイトの体積率が35パーセントを超える場合、残留オーステナイトの分解に伴う経年変化が懸念される。
内輪10、外輪20及び玉30の接触面からの深さが50μmとなる位置における硬さは、653Hv以上800Hv以下であることが好ましい。接触面からの深さが50μmとなる位置における硬さが653Hv未満である場合、接触面の耐久性が不足するおそれがある。他方で、接触面からの深さが50μmとなる位置における硬さが800Hvを超える場合、延性及び靱性が低下し、早期損傷が生じるおそれがある。
表層部50の鋼は、マルテンサイトブロック粒を有している。隣り合う2つのマルテンサイトブロック粒は、粒界において、結晶方位の差が15°以上になっている。このことを別の観点から言えば、結晶方位にずれがある箇所が存在していても、結晶方位の差が15°未満である場合、当該箇所は、マルテンサイトブロック粒の結晶粒界とは見做されない。マルテンサイトブロック粒の粒界は、EBSD(Electron Back Scattered Diffraction)法により決定される。
以下に、転がり軸受の製造方法を説明する。
以下に、転がり軸受100の効果を説明する。
<サンプル>
転がり軸受のサンプルとして、サンプル1、サンプル2及びサンプル3が準備された。サンプル1、サンプル2及びサンプル3は、内径30mm、外径47mm及び幅11mmのJIS規格51106型番の単式スラスト玉軸受である。
サンプル1、サンプル2及びサンプル3に対して、転動疲労寿命試験を行った。表7に示されるように、転動疲労寿命試験は、最大接触面圧が2.3GPa、0回転/分と2500回転/分との間で急加減速を行う、ポリグリコール及び純水を混合したものを用いて潤滑する、との条件で行われた。
サンプル1及びサンプル3の軌道部材(内輪及び外輪)の表層部への水素侵入特性を、以下の方法により評価した。この評価では、第1に、上記の転動疲労寿命試験に供される前のサンプル1及びサンプル3の軌道部材を室温から400℃まで加熱することにより、転動疲労寿命試験に供される前のサンプル1及びサンプル3の軌道部材からの水素放出量が測定された。第2に、転動疲労寿命試験に50時間供された後のサンプル1及びサンプル3の軌道部材を室温から400℃まで加熱することにより、転動疲労寿命試験に50時間供された後のサンプル1及びサンプル3の軌道部材からの水素放出量が測定された。
第2実施形態に係る軸受部品は、例えば、転がり軸受の内輪210である。以下においては、内輪210を第2実施形態に係る軸受部品の例として説明する。但し、第2実施形態に係る軸受部品は、これに限られない。第2実施形態に係る軸受部品は、転がり軸受の外輪又は転がり軸受の転動体であってもよい。
図8は、内輪210の断面図である。図8に示されるように、内輪210は、リング状である。内輪210の中心軸を、中心軸A1とする。内輪210は、幅面210aと、幅面210bと、内周面210cと、外周面210dとを有している。幅面210a、幅面210b、内周面210c及び外周面210dは、内輪210の表面を構成している。
図10は、内輪210の製造方法を示す工程図である。図10に示されるように、内輪210の製造方法は、準備工程S11と、浸窒工程S12と、焼入れ工程S13と、焼戻し工程S14と、後処理工程S15とを有している。浸窒工程S12は、準備工程S11の後に行われる。焼入れ工程S13は、浸窒工程S12の後に行われる。焼戻し工程S14は、焼入れ工程S13の後に行われる。後処理工程S15は、焼戻し工程S14の後に行われる。
内輪210では、表層部211の鋼中において、最大粒径が5.0μm以下となるようにマルテンサイトブロック粒が微細化されているとともに、{011}面の結晶方位密度の最大値が3.25倍ランダム以下となるようにマルテンサイトブロック粒の形成方位がランダム化されている。その結果、内輪210では、表層部211が高靭性化により、転動体と接触する内輪210の表面(具体的には、軌道面210da)の剪断抵抗が改善されている。このように、内輪210によると、耐久性が改善されている。
以下に、第2実施形態に係る転がり軸受(「転がり軸受200」とする)を説明する。
第2実施形態に係る軸受部品の効果を確認するために、転動疲労寿命試験を行った。転動疲労寿命試験には、サンプル4、サンプル5及びサンプル6が用いられた。サンプル4~サンプル6は、JIS規格に定められている51106型番のスラスト玉軸受である。
サンプル4及びサンプル6の軌道盤の表層部への水素侵入特性を、以下の方法により評価した。この評価では、第1に、上記の転動疲労寿命試験に供される前のサンプル4及びサンプル6の軌道盤を室温から400℃まで加熱することにより、転動疲労寿命試験に供される前のサンプル4及びサンプル6の軌道盤からの水素放出量が測定された。第2に、転動疲労寿命試験に50時間供された後のサンプル4及びサンプル6の軌道盤を室温から400℃まで加熱することにより、転動疲労寿命試験に50時間供された後のサンプル4及びサンプル6の軌道盤からの水素放出量が測定された。
Claims (19)
- 接触面を有する焼き入れが行われた鋼製の転動部材であって、
前記転動部材は、前記接触面からの深さが20μmまでの領域に表層部を備え、
前記鋼は、0.70質量パーセント以上1.10質量パーセント以下の炭素と、0.15質量パーセント以上0.35質量パーセント以下のシリコンと、0.30質量パーセント以上0.60質量パーセント以下のマンガンと、1.30質量パーセント以上1.60質量パーセント以下のクロムと、0.01質量パーセント以上0.50質量パーセント以下のモリブデンと、0.01質量パーセント以上0.50質量パーセント以下のバナジウムとを含有するとともに、残部が鉄及び不可避不純物からなり、
前記表層部中における窒素の含有量は、0.2質量パーセント以上0.8質量パーセント以下である、転動部材。 - 前記鋼は、0.90質量パーセント以上1.10質量パーセント以下の炭素と、0.20質量パーセント以上0.30質量パーセント以下のシリコンと、0.40質量パーセント以上0.50質量パーセント以下のマンガンと、1.40質量パーセント以上1.60質量パーセント以下のクロムと、0.20質量パーセント以上0.30質量パーセント以下のモリブデンと、0.20質量パーセント以上0.30質量パーセント以下のバナジウムとを含有するとともに、残部が鉄及び不可避不純物からなり、
前記表層部中における窒素の含有量は、0.3質量パーセント以上0.5質量パーセント以下である、請求項1に記載の転動部材。 - 前記接触面に直交する断面視において、前記表層部中には粒径が0.50μm以下の析出物が100μm2あたり合計して60個以上存在し、かつ、前記表層部での前記析出物の面積率の合計が1パーセント以上10パーセント以下であり、
前記接触面からの深さが50μmの位置での残留オーステナイト量の体積率は、20パーセント以上40パーセント以下であり、
前記接触面からの深さが50μmの位置での硬さは、653Hv以上800Hv以下である、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の転動部材。 - 前記接触面に直交する断面視において、前記表層部中には粒径が0.50μm以下の析出物が100μm2あたり合計して80個以上存在し、かつ、前記表層部での前記析出物の面積率の合計が2パーセント以上7パーセント以下であり、
前記接触面からの深さが50μmの位置での残留オーステナイト量の体積率は、25パーセント以上35パーセント以下であり、
前記接触面からの深さが50μmの位置での硬さは、653Hv以上800Hv以下である、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の転動部材。 - 転がり軸受であって、
軌道部材と、
前記軌道部材に接触して配置される転動体とを備え、
前記軌道部材及び前記転動体の少なくともいずれかは、請求項1~請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の前記転動部材である、転がり軸受。 - 表面を有する鋼製の軸受部品であって、
前記表面からの距離が20μmまでの領域である表層部を備え、
前記鋼は、0.70質量パーセント以上1.10質量パーセント以下の炭素と、0.15質量パーセント以上0.35質量パーセント以下のシリコンと、0.30質量パーセント以上0.60質量パーセント以下のマンガンと、1.30質量パーセント以上1.60質量パーセント以下のクロムと、0.50質量パーセント以下のバナジウムと、0.50質量パーセント以下のモリブデンとを含み、かつ残部が鉄及び不可避不純物であり、
前記表層部の前記鋼は、マルテンサイトブロック粒と、析出物とを有し、
前記析出物は、クロム若しくはバナジウムを主成分とする窒化物又はクロム若しくはバナジウムを主成分とする炭窒化物であり、
前記表層部の前記鋼中において、前記マルテンサイトブロックの最大粒径は、5.0μm以下であり、
前記表層部の前記鋼中において、前記マルテンサイトブロックの{011}面の結晶方位密度の最大値は、3.25倍ランダム以下である、軸受部品。 - 前記鋼は、0.90質量パーセント以上1.10質量パーセント以下の炭素と、0.20質量パーセント以上0.30質量パーセント以下のシリコンと、0.40質量パーセント以上0.50質量パーセント以下のマンガンと、1.40質量パーセント以上1.60質量パーセント以下のクロムと、0.20質量パーセント以上0.30質量パーセント以下のバナジウムと、0.10質量パーセント以上0.30質量パーセント以下のモリブデンとを含み、かつ残部が鉄及び不可避不純物である、請求項6に記載の軸受部品。
- 前記表層部の前記鋼中における前記析出物の面積率は、2.0パーセント以上である、請求項6又は請求項7に記載の軸受部品。
- 前記表層部の前記鋼中において、前記析出物の最大粒径は、0.5μm以下である、請求項6~請求項8のいずれか1項に記載の軸受部品。
- 前記表層部の前記鋼は、セメンタイトをさらに有し、
前記表層部の前記鋼中において、前記セメンタイトの最大粒径は、1.5μm以下である、請求項6~請求項9のいずれか1項に記載の軸受部品。 - 前記表層部の前記鋼中において、比較面積率が30パーセントでの前記マルテンサイトブロック粒の平均粒径は、2.0μm以下である、請求項6~請求項10のいずれか1項に記載の軸受部品。
- 前記表層部の前記鋼中において、比較面積率が50パーセントでの前記マルテンサイトブロック粒の平均粒径は、1.5μm以下である、請求項6~請求項11のいずれか1項に記載の軸受部品。
- 前記表層部の前記鋼中における窒素濃度は、0.15質量パーセント以上である、請求項6~請求項12のいずれか1項に記載の軸受部品。
- 前記表面からの距離が50μmとなる位置において、前記鋼中の残留オーステナイトの体積比は、15パーセント以上である、請求項6~請求項13のいずれか1項に記載の軸受部品。
- 前記表面からの距離が50μmとなる位置において、前記鋼の硬さは、58HRC以上である、請求項6~請求項14のいずれか1項に記載の軸受部品。
- 前記表面からの距離が50μmとなる位置において、前記鋼中の残留オーステナイトの体積比は、25パーセント以上35パーセント以下であり、
前記表面からの距離が50μmとなる位置において、前記鋼の硬さは、58HRC以上64HRC以下である、請求項6~請求項15のいずれか1項に記載の軸受部品。 - 表面を有する鋼製の軸受部品であって、
前記表面からの距離が20μmまでの領域である表層部を備え、
前記鋼は、0.70質量パーセント以上1.10質量パーセント以下の炭素と、0.15質量パーセント以上0.35質量パーセント以下のシリコンと、0.30質量パーセント以上0.60質量パーセント以下のマンガンと、1.30質量パーセント以上1.60質量パーセント以下のクロムと、0.50質量パーセント以下のバナジウムと、0.50質量パーセント以下のモリブデンとを含み、かつ残部が鉄及び不可避不純物であり、
前記表層部の前記鋼中には、析出物が分散しており、
前記析出物は、クロム若しくはバナジウムを主成分とする窒化物又はクロム若しくはバナジウムを主成分とする炭窒化物であり、
前記表層部の前記鋼中における前記析出物の面積率は、2.0パーセント以上である、軸受部品。 - 表面を有する鋼製の軸受部品であって、
前記表面からの距離が20μmまでの領域である表層部を備え、
前記鋼は、0.70質量パーセント以上1.10質量パーセント以下の炭素と、0.15質量パーセント以上0.35質量パーセント以下のシリコンと、0.30質量パーセント以上0.60質量パーセント以下のマンガンと、1.30質量パーセント以上1.60質量パーセント以下のクロムと、0.50質量パーセント以下のバナジウムと、0.50質量パーセント以下のモリブデンとを含み、かつ残部が鉄及び不可避不純物であり、
前記表層部の前記鋼は、マルテンサイトブロック粒と、析出物とを有し、
前記析出物は、クロム若しくはバナジウムを主成分とする窒化物又はクロム若しくはバナジウムを主成分とする炭窒化物であり、
前記表層部の前記鋼中において、比較面積率が30パーセントでの前記マルテンサイトブロック粒の平均粒径は、2.0μm以下である、軸受部品。 - 内輪と、
外輪と、
転動体とを備え、
前記内輪、前記外輪及び前記転動体のうちの少なくともいずれかは、請求項6~請求項18のいずれか1項に記載の前記軸受部品である、転がり軸受。
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JP2000282178A (ja) | 1998-10-22 | 2000-10-10 | Nsk Ltd | 転がり軸受 |
JP3873741B2 (ja) | 2001-12-27 | 2007-01-24 | 日本精工株式会社 | 転がり軸受 |
JP5372316B2 (ja) | 2006-05-19 | 2013-12-18 | 日本精工株式会社 | 転動部材 |
JP2014152378A (ja) * | 2013-02-13 | 2014-08-25 | Ntn Corp | 軸受部品 |
JP2019108576A (ja) * | 2017-12-18 | 2019-07-04 | Ntn株式会社 | 軸受部品及び転がり軸受 |
JP2019167551A (ja) * | 2018-03-21 | 2019-10-03 | 愛知製鋼株式会社 | 転動疲労特性に優れた鋼部品 |
JP2020029615A (ja) * | 2018-08-20 | 2020-02-27 | 株式会社不二越 | ピニオンシャフトおよびその製造方法 |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2023100762A1 (ja) * | 2021-11-30 | 2023-06-08 | Ntn株式会社 | 転動部品及び転がり軸受 |
WO2024157823A1 (ja) * | 2023-01-23 | 2024-08-02 | Ntn株式会社 | 転動部材 |
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EP4239085A1 (en) | 2023-09-06 |
US20230383790A1 (en) | 2023-11-30 |
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