WO2022069176A1 - Système de libération pour lutter contre les parasites - Google Patents

Système de libération pour lutter contre les parasites Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022069176A1
WO2022069176A1 PCT/EP2021/074769 EP2021074769W WO2022069176A1 WO 2022069176 A1 WO2022069176 A1 WO 2022069176A1 EP 2021074769 W EP2021074769 W EP 2021074769W WO 2022069176 A1 WO2022069176 A1 WO 2022069176A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
release system
gas
water vapor
release
carrier material
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2021/074769
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jessica STEINER
Original Assignee
Interbran Nature Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Interbran Nature Gmbh filed Critical Interbran Nature Gmbh
Priority to EP21777235.9A priority Critical patent/EP4221499A1/fr
Publication of WO2022069176A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022069176A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
    • A01M1/20—Poisoning, narcotising, or burning insects
    • A01M1/2022—Poisoning or narcotising insects by vaporising an insecticide
    • A01M1/2027—Poisoning or narcotising insects by vaporising an insecticide without heating
    • A01M1/2055—Holders or dispensers for solid, gelified or impregnated insecticide, e.g. volatile blocks or impregnated pads
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K51/00—Appliances for treating beehives or parts thereof, e.g. for cleaning or disinfecting

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of combating pests or parasites, in particular varroa mites as bee parasites.
  • the present invention relates to a release system for an active ingredient for controlling pests or bee parasites, in particular varroa mites, and a beehive or beehive with a release system according to the invention.
  • the present invention relates to the use according to the invention of the release system according to the present invention for combating pests or bee parasites.
  • Varroa mites are approximately 1.1 mm long and 1.6 mm wide mites from the Varroidae family, which live parasitically on honey bees and lead to the disease varrosis.
  • the parasite originally from Asia, was introduced to Germany 40 years ago and has now spread worldwide.
  • the varroa mite (varma destructor) is by far the biggest problem for the health of honey bees. Varrose is considered the main cause of winter losses in bee colonies.
  • the critical period for an infestation is late summer and autumn, when the Varroa population is at its maximum and the colony reduces the bee population in preparation for winter and begins producing long-lived winter bees.
  • Varroa mites develop and multiply in the capped brood in the hive.
  • the bees and the bee brood are directly damaged by the mite infestation through the absorption of haemolymph and fat bodies. Sucking out the hemolymph and fat deposits leads to direct damage to the affected larvae, in particular weight loss and developmental disorders in the bee brood.
  • the bees that hatch from the infested larva remain a tenth smaller than their healthy counterparts, have a reduced ability to learn and a shorter life expectancy or life span.
  • varroa mites can also transfer pathogens, in particular bacteria, fungi or viruses, to bee larvae or bees.
  • pathogens in particular bacteria, fungi or viruses
  • Five pathogenic viruses are currently known which are proven to be transmitted by Varroa mites. This includes, for example, the wing deformation virus (scientifically Deformed Wings Virus), which in adult bees causes deformation of the wings, a bloated abdomen and visible discoloration. Infected larvae die immediately after hatching.
  • wing deformation virus scientificifically Deformed Wings Virus
  • mite infestation weakens the animals' immune systems, which in turn makes them more susceptible to infection or the development of disease symptoms if infected.
  • infections with the Kashmir bee virus (KBV) which often do not lead to any symptoms in healthy bees, can be fatal if infested with varroa mites or varrose as a stress factor.
  • acaricides such as flumethrin or with amitraz
  • flumethrin or with amitraz synthetic antiparasitics from the group of acaricides
  • amitraz synthetic antiparasitics from the group of acaricides
  • the strips available under the brand name Bayvarol® Strips are hung, for example, in the honeycomb alleys.
  • WO 2014/076036 A1 describes solid shaped bodies based on a polyvinyl chloride matrix, which contain acaricidal active ingredients for release in the beehive. In the meantime, however, numerous populations of the Varroa mite have become resistant to acaricides, so that they are no longer effective.
  • the best-known systems for evaporating formic acid in bee colonies or beehives are the Liebig dispenser and the Nassenheider evaporator. These are reservoirs filled with diluted formic acid, which release formic acid by dripping or via a wick, whereby the formic acid can then evaporate via a fleece in the beehive.
  • a disadvantage of these systems in addition to the fact that evaporation can hardly be controlled in a targeted manner, is that the user has to handle open acid when filling the reservoirs.
  • an empty frame usually has to be used, so that the use of these systems is rather cumbersome for the user. The empty frame makes the systems more susceptible to temperature fluctuations, since the temperature in the empty frame is not regulated by the bees and is kept largely constant.
  • EP 2 498 614 B1 also describes gel-like strips which contain the formic acid embedded in a gel-like sugar mixture.
  • the strips are inserted into the beehive, especially the brood box, in order to continuously release formic acid there. It is true that such formic acid strips are easy to handle. Due to the incorporation of the formic acid in the sugar mixture, there is often an overdose at the beginning of the formic acid treatment due to the release of too much acid, which in turn can damage the bee colony.
  • One object of the present invention is therefore to be seen as providing a system for combating varroa mites which enables the active substance to be dosed and/or released as continuously as possible and, moreover, independent of the weather.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a system for combating varroa mites which is easier to handle than the systems known in the prior art and which has improved safety for the user. At the same time, the system should have improved compatibility or tolerability for the bees.
  • the present invention proposes - according to a first aspect of the invention - a release system for at least one pest and/or parasite-inhibiting active substance, the release system having an outer wall and an interior space, the outer wall having a first, at least partially gas- and /or water vapor permeable side and at least one other side that is gas and/or water vapor impermeable at least in sections, and wherein at least one porous carrier material with at least one active substance bound to the carrier material and/or embedded in the carrier material is introduced into the interior.
  • a release system which has the active ingredient(s) bound to or embedded in a porous, preferably absorbent or contains open-pored carrier material and releases it in a directed manner via a side of the release system which is at least partially permeable to gas and/or water vapor, in particular designed to be diffusion-open or diffusion-retarding, in particular by evaporation.
  • the release system according to the invention is associated with the advantages and special features described below, which distinguish the release system from the prior art and are to be regarded as an indication of an inventive step:
  • the release system according to the invention achieves a more continuous and more uniform release of the active substance which inhibits pests or parasites in bee dwellings, in particular beehives or beehives.
  • the system according to the invention allows effective amounts of the active substance to be released uniformly for combating parasites and/or pests, in particular Varroa mites, but at the same time is associated with fewer side effects for the bees.
  • the release system according to the invention overcomes the problems of overdosing at the beginning of the treatment, as well as overdosing and underdosing due to temperature and weather changes or fluctuations in atmospheric humidity, which occur in the prior art.
  • Contributing to this - without wishing to be limited to this theory - is the selection of carrier materials for the active ingredient and the targeted use of diffusion-open or diffusion-retarding materials, e.g. in the form of foils with appropriate gas and water vapor permeability.
  • the system according to the invention can be adjusted to the delivery of defined doses of active ingredient by selecting the carrier material and the targeted adjustment of the gas and water vapor permeability of the gas and water vapor permeable sections of the outer wall.
  • the release system according to the invention enables a targeted release of the active ingredient, preferably a release, in particular evaporation, only in the direction of the bee hive or the target location. Due to the directed delivery, the amount of active substance required to combat the parasites or pests, in particular the varroa mites, can be reduced since less active substance is released into the void. In other words, the delivery system releases "as much as necessary and as little as possible" of the active substance. Since the release system according to the invention allows a constant, even and directed release of the active substance, the system is more bee-friendly compared to prior art methods, especially when controlling varroa mites, since active substance stress and side effects of the active substances are significantly reduced.
  • the mortality of the bees as a result of the treatment is significantly reduced compared to established systems.
  • Targeted release also reduces damage to the brood and adult bees caused by varroacids or varroa mites or substances that inhibit their reproduction, and the risk of losing queen acceptance is lowered.
  • the system according to the invention is particularly easy to use, since it is already available ready for use and only needs to be placed at a suitable location in the area infested with pests or parasites, in particular the beehive or other bee dwellings. Since the release system is already loaded with the active ingredient, the user does not have to handle open active ingredients that inhibit parasites or pests, in particular varroacids, which are generally harmful to humans. In addition, the risk of dosing errors is almost completely eliminated. In contrast to systems of the prior art, no empty frame is required for the introduction of the release system.
  • the release system according to the invention can be adapted to a wide variety of conditions, in particular to the structure of the beehives, the size of the bee colony, the severity of the mite infestation and the weather conditions, in particular the outside temperature.
  • the release system according to the invention is suitable for combating a wide variety of parasites and pests, since it can be loaded with a wide variety of active ingredients and can be universally inserted or attached to a wide variety of active sites.
  • the release system By designing the release system as a two- or multi-chamber system or by a release system with two receiving cavities for the carrier material containing the active substance, a particularly long-lasting and continuous release of active substance can also be achieved.
  • the release system preferably has an internal chamber or Receiving cavity, which serves as a kind of depot for a long-lasting or retarded drug delivery, and an external or on the gas and / or water vapor permeable side arranged chamber or receiving cavity, from which the drug is released more quickly.
  • the control or dosing of the release of the active substance can also be improved by the release system having a gas- and/or water-vapor-impermeable dividing wall, which again divides the release system, in particular the interior or the aforementioned receiving cavities, in the transverse direction.
  • release systems with several chambers that are independent of one another with regard to the release of active substance can be provided, so that active substance can be released from only one chamber or from several chambers, depending on requirements.
  • This can be realized in particular by preferably resealable adhesive layers for sealing the individual chambers.
  • the weather and temperature stability of the release of the active substance can be further improved.
  • thermal insulation preferably in the outer area of the outer wall of the release system, both downward and upward temperature fluctuations can be intercepted, so that the release of active substance is not influenced by external temperature fluctuations.
  • the term “release system” is understood in particular to mean a device which enables at least one active substance to be released or released, preferably by evaporation, in order to combat varroa mites, in particular in bee colonies.
  • the release system can preferably be introduced into a beehive or a beehive, which in the context of the present invention is understood to mean any dwelling or nest cavity of a bee colony.
  • this is variable and is preferably adapted to the form or hive structure of the bee hive or other target site to be treated.
  • the release system has a cavity, in particular an inner space
  • a release of active substance to one side of the release system is possible.
  • the delivery system of the present invention is in the form of a flat release pillow or release pad.
  • the size of the release system according to the invention is variable and can be individually adapted to the beehive. According to the invention, it has proven to be advantageous if the release system has a ratio of height to width and/or depth in the range from 5:1 to 1:500, in particular from 2:1 to 1:250, preferably from 1:1 to 1:100, preferably 1:2 to 1:50, particularly preferably 1:5 to 1:10.
  • the sizes and proportions can be individually adapted to the size and space in the beehive or in the bee dwelling.
  • the release system has a height in the range from 0.2 to 15 cm, in particular 0.5 to 5 cm, preferably 1.5 to 2.5 cm, and a width or depth in the range of 2 to 80 cm, in particular 5 to 60 cm, preferably 15 to 20 cm, proved to be practicable.
  • the release system can also have a round basic shape, preferably with a height in the range from 0.2 to 15 cm, in particular 0.5 to 5 cm, and a diameter in the range from 2 to 80 cm, in particular 5 to 60 cm, preferably 15 to 20 cm.
  • pests and/or parasite-inhibiting active substance is understood to mean all active substances which can or can be used against pests, in particular agricultural pests, forest pests, storage pests, wood pests, bee pests and other pests against humans and/or animals Active ingredients which have an inhibitory effect on the reproduction and/or growth of pests and/or parasites and/or kill them.
  • Pests and parasites are organisms, in particular insects and arachnids, which reduce the economic success of humans by damaging or destroying crop plants, livestock, trees, food, wood or buildings.
  • carrier material As far as the term “carrier material” is concerned, it is preferably understood to mean a porous material within the scope of the present invention.
  • the carrier material can in particular be designed in such a way that the at least one active ingredient or solutions or dilutions of the at least one active ingredient can be introduced into the pores of the carrier material for storage purposes.
  • the carrier material In order to enable a good storage capacity of the carrier material for the at least one active substance, it is also preferred if the carrier material is also designed to be open-pored, absorbent and/or particulate. Carrier materials that are particularly well suited are also listed below.
  • outer wall is understood to mean the outer boundary or outer shell of the release system, which in turn surrounds the interior of the release system. According to the invention, it can be provided in particular that the interior space is formed by the outer wall or that the interior space is located in the outer wall.
  • the outer wall can be rigid or dimensionally stable as well as flexible or pliable. In order to simplify the introduction of the release system into the beehive or to make it more comfortable, it is preferred if the outer wall is flexible or pliable.
  • the term “permeable to gas and/or water vapor” is understood to mean material properties which permit the diffusion of gases and/or water vapor.
  • the term “permeable to gas and/or water vapor” in the context of the present invention means material properties that are open to diffusion and/or that inhibit diffusion, in particular as defined in DIN 4108-3.
  • “gas and/or water vapor impermeable” is understood to mean material properties which essentially do not permit the diffusion of gases or water vapor.
  • “gas- and/or water-vapor-impermeable” means diffusion-blocking and/or diffusion-tight, preferably diffusion-tight, material properties, in particular as defined in DIN 4108-3.
  • the first side is the only side of the outer wall that is at least partially open to diffusion or if the outer wall is at least partially permeable to gas and water vapor, in particular open to diffusion or diffusion-retarding, only in the area of the first side and the outer wall in The rest is impermeable to water vapor and gas.
  • the release system has a rather flat basic shape.
  • the first side and the further side are arranged on the flat side opposite one another or if the first side and the further side form flat sides of the release system.
  • the first side and the further side are connected to one another by at least one peripheral narrow side.
  • the release system according to the invention is present, for example, in the form of a flat cuboid or flat cylinder.
  • the narrow sides are also preferably impermeable to gas and water vapor, so that the active ingredient is released only via the first side of the release system.
  • the first side and the further side are directly connected to one another circumferentially in the region of their outer edges.
  • the release form is preferably in the form of a kind of cushion or pad with a side that is permeable to gas and/or water vapor at least in sections, via which the active ingredient is released.
  • the first side has at least one, preferably several, gas and/or water vapor permeable sections.
  • the first side is designed to be gas and/or water vapor permeable over the entire surface or over its entire surface.
  • the other side preferably all other sides of the outer wall or the release system, such as narrow sides for connecting the first and the other side, is or are designed to be gas and water vapor impermeable over the entire surface.
  • the release system has only one side permeable to gas and/or water vapor, i. H. the first side is the only side permeable to gas and/or water vapor through which an active ingredient can be released.
  • the delivery or release of the active substance can take place in a directed manner or the active substance is released in only one direction. Due to the directed delivery or release of the at least one active substance, the release system according to the invention can be used independently of the hive structure for beehives or other dwellings of bees with different structures or designs.
  • the release system is preferably placed under the roof of the beehive, in particular below the outer and inner cover, with the gas- and/or water vapor-permeable side down on the preferably upper frame of the beehive .
  • the outer wall is made of foil, in particular plastic foil.
  • foil or plastic foil is inexpensive to produce and, on the other hand, simplifies the introduction of the release system into the beehive or beehive due to its flexibility.
  • the plastic is selected from polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polymethylpentene (PMP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), fluoropolymers and/or mixtures thereof.
  • the plastic is preferably polyethylene (PE).
  • PE polyethylene
  • both the first side and the further side of the release system are formed from plastic films, preferably polyethylene films.
  • the film used for the first side, or the side open to diffusion in sections, has material properties that are gas-permeable and/or water-vapor-permeable, at least in sections, in order to enable the targeted release of the active substance.
  • a material in particular a film, with a defined air layer thickness equivalent to water vapor diffusion or a defined sd value can be used for the first side or the gas- and/or water-vapor-permeable sections.
  • the sd value stands for the water vapor diffusion equivalent air layer thickness and is the product of the thickness of the material or the material layer in meters [m] and the water vapor diffusion resistance p.
  • the water vapor diffusion resistance expresses how much a material or a material layer impedes the diffusion of water vapor.
  • the sd value is usually specified in meters [m].
  • sd values ⁇ 0.5 m one usually speaks of diffusion-open properties and a low resistance to water vapor diffusion and with sd values in the range from 0.5 to 1,500 m of diffusion-inhibiting or vapor-retarding properties or a medium resistance to water vapor diffusion. From sd values of ⁇ 1,500 m, a material is considered diffusion-proof or vapor barrier and has a high resistance to water vapor diffusion.
  • the sd value is preferably determined using standardized methods, e.g. according to DIN ISO 15106-3 and/or ISO 12572.
  • the first side or the at least one gas- and/or water-vapor-permeable section is made of gas- and/or water-vapor-permeable, preferably diffusion-open and/or diffusion-retarding film, in particular plastic film, or a gas- and/or water-vapour-permeable, preferably diffusion-open and/or diffusion-inhibiting film, in particular plastic film.
  • the first side or the at least one gas and/or water vapor permeable section has an sd value, preferably determined according to DIN ISO 15106-3 and/or ISO 12572 at 23° C. and 85% relative humidity, in the range of 0.0001 m to 20 m, in particular 0.001 m to 10 m, preferably 0.005 m to 5 m, preferably 0.01 m to 1 m, particularly preferably 0.01 to 0.3 m, or from a film, in particular plastic film, with the previously defined sd values.
  • an sd value preferably determined according to DIN ISO 15106-3 and/or ISO 12572 at 23° C. and 85% relative humidity, in the range of 0.0001 m to 20 m, in particular 0.001 m to 10 m, preferably 0.005 m to 5 m, preferably 0.01 m to 1 m, particularly preferably 0.01 to 0.3 m, or from a film, in particular plastic film, with the previously defined sd values.
  • films or materials with sd values in the aforementioned ranges promote a uniform and continuous release or release of active substance, which leads to reliable control of varroa mites with only minor side effects for the bee colony.
  • the use of foils or materials with defined sd values allows a targeted or defined release of active ingredient.
  • the at least one other side, in particular all other sides, of the release system or the outer wall is formed from a film that is impermeable to water vapor and gas or is impermeable to water vapor. and gas-impermeable film.
  • the first side is formed by a gas and/or water vapor permeable film, in particular a plastic film
  • the other side is formed by a gas and water vapor impermeable film, in particular plastic film, with the first side and the other side in the area of their outer edges are circumferentially welded together on the flat side.
  • the release system is in the form of a flat cushion filled with the carrier material containing the active substance, which enables a unidirectional, delayed and continuous release of the active substance via the diffusion-open film.
  • the release system is designed as a multi-chamber system, preferably as a two-chamber system.
  • the release system has at least one separating layer.
  • the term “separating layer” is understood to mean a layer of material which is permeable to gas and/or water vapor but represents a mechanical barrier for the particulate carrier material.
  • the Separating layer can be diffusion-restricting or diffusion-open.
  • the separating layer is particularly preferably arranged between the first side and the further side or the separating layer divides the interior space, in particular longitudinally or longitudinally, into several, preferably two chambers or receiving cavities for the carrier material with the at least one active substance.
  • a first receiving cavity faces the first side, i.e. the side permeable to gas and/or water vapor
  • a second receiving cavity faces the other side, which is preferably impermeable to gas and/or water vapor.
  • the two receiving cavities are preferably arranged one above the other on their flat sides.
  • the release system consequently has a receiving cavity or chamber from which the active substances can be released or evaporated directly.
  • the second chamber or receiving cavity forms a type of active substance depot from which the active substance(s) are released with a time delay and over a long period of time.
  • the quantitative distribution of the carrier material to the receiving cavities is variable.
  • the amount of evaporation or release rate can be individually adapted to the respective requirement via the quantitative distribution. If the release is to be accelerated, it makes sense for the receiving cavity assigned to or facing the gas- and water-vapor-permeable side to contain a larger amount of active substance-containing carrier material. If, on the other hand, the evaporation of the active substance is to take place more slowly, it is advantageous if the receiving cavity associated with or facing the closed side contains the larger amount of carrier material containing the active substance. Provision can also be made for all, preferably both, receiving cavities or chambers to contain the carrier material with the active substance in approximately the same amounts.
  • the carrier material containing the active substance in one Quantities in the range from 10:1 to 30:1, in particular 5:1 to 20:1, preferably 1:1 to 1:10, particularly preferably 1:1 to 1:3.
  • the at least one separating layer is formed by a film, preferably a plastic film, or has a film, in particular a plastic film.
  • the choice of material with regard to the plastic film is basically not limited.
  • the plastic is preferably selected from polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polymethylpentene (PMP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), fluoropolymers and/or mixtures of the aforementioned plastics.
  • a plastic film based on polyethylene (PE) is particularly preferably used.
  • the separating layer As far as the separating layer is concerned, it has proven to be advantageous with regard to the release of the active ingredient if the separating layer is partially or completely, preferably completely, gas or water vapor permeable, in particular open to diffusion and/or diffusion-inhibiting.
  • the separating layer has an air layer thickness equivalent to water vapor diffusion or an sd value, preferably determined according to DIN ISO 15106-3 and/or ISO 12572 at 23° C. and 85% relative humidity, in the range from 0.0001 m to 20 m, in particular 0.001 m to 10 m, preferably 0.005 m to 5 m, preferably 0.01 m to 1 m, particularly preferably 0.01 to 0.3 m.
  • the separating layer is formed from a film, preferably a plastic film, with the previously defined sd values.
  • the first side and the separating layer are formed by gas- and/or water-vapor-permeable, preferably diffusion-open or diffusion-inhibiting films, in particular plastic films, or have gas- and/or water-vapor-permeable, preferably diffusion-open or diffusion-inhibiting films, in particular plastic films, while the other side is formed by a gas- and water-vapor-impermeable film, in particular plastic film, or has a gas- and water-vapor-impermeable film.
  • the first side, the separating layer and the further side are connected to one another, in particular welded to one another, circumferentially in the region of their outer edges.
  • the release system according to the invention is also designed in the form of a cushion, with the interior of the cushion having two flat-sided, stacked receiving cavities or chambers for the carrier material containing the active substance in order to achieve a depot effect.
  • a first part of the active ingredient can be released relatively quickly directly from the chamber or receiving cavity arranged on the gas- and/or water-vapor-permeable side, while another part of the active ingredient is released with a significant time delay from the side on the gas- and/or water-vapor-impermeable side arranged chamber or receiving cavity is released.
  • the release system can have at least one partition.
  • the at least one partition wall is arranged transversely to the side impermeable to gas and/or water vapor and the other side.
  • the at least one partition can be impermeable to gas and/or water vapor.
  • the release system can be equipped with several chambers that are independent of one another with regard to the release of the active substance, so that the active substance can be released in a targeted manner and adapted to the environmental conditions, such as temperature or humidity.
  • the partition wall is formed from a film that is impermeable to gas and/or water vapor.
  • the film that is impermeable to gas and/or water vapor can be the same materials that have already been mentioned above in connection with the side of the release system that is impermeable to gas and/or water vapor. Nevertheless, other materials with corresponding material properties with regard to gas and/or water vapor impermeability can also be used.
  • the at least one partition wall is formed by a weld seam, in particular the weld seam connecting the first side and the further side and possibly the separating layer to one another and being at least essentially impermeable to gas and/or water vapor is.
  • the interior space and/or the receiving cavities are subdivided transversely by the at least one dividing wall.
  • the at least one partition allows chambers that are independent of one another to be implemented with regard to the release of the active substance.
  • the chambers are designed for reversible opening and/or closing.
  • the individual chambers preferably have reversibly removable adhesive layers.
  • the release of the active ingredient can also be further influenced or controlled by the selection of the carrier material:
  • the carrier material is porous or absorbent.
  • An open-pored or absorbent carrier material enables particularly good loading with the at least one active substance or has high storage capacities for the at least one active substance.
  • at least the majority of the total porosity which is understood in the context of the present invention as the ratio of cavity volume to total volume of the material, is formed by open pores or by an open pore system, so that the Active ingredient is retained to the desired extent.
  • the ratio of cavity volume and material is as large as possible, so that as much active substance as possible can be taken up per volume of carrier material.
  • the carrier material consists of volcanic rock, perlite, in particular expanded perlite, vermiculite, in particular expanded vermiculite, pumice, foam and/or expanded glass, expanded clay, expanded slate, tuff, expanded mica, lava gravel, lava sand or combinations thereof.
  • the release system according to the invention contains vermiculite or expanded vermiculite and/or perlite or expanded perlite, in particular perlite or expanded perlite, preferably expanded perlite, as carrier material. Due to their open-pored structure and their surface properties, the above-mentioned carrier materials are characterized by excellent storage and absorbency for liquids, in particular the active substance or solutions with the at least one active substance.
  • a particularly good loading of the carrier material with the at least one active ingredient is achieved when the carrier material used has a defined pore size.
  • the porous support material has pores with pore sizes in the range from 0.05 to 800 ⁇ m, in particular from 0.1 to 700 ⁇ m, preferably from 0.5 to 500 ⁇ m, preferably from 1 to 300 ⁇ m, in particular preferably 2 to 200 ⁇ m.
  • Absolute particle sizes of the carrier material in the range from 1 to 10,000 ⁇ m, in particular 5 to 5,000 ⁇ m, preferably 10 to 4,000 ⁇ m, preferably 20 to 3,000 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 30 to 2,000 ⁇ m, even more preferably 40 to 1,000 have proven to be particularly suitable pm, proven.
  • the particles of the carrier material have absolute particle sizes of at most 10,000 ⁇ m, in particular at most 5,000 ⁇ m, preferably at most 3,000 ⁇ m, preferably at most 2,000 ⁇ m, particularly preferably at most 1,000 ⁇ m.
  • the aforementioned particle sizes are advantageous with regard to the introduction of the carrier material into the interior of the release system.
  • carrier particles with the aforementioned sizes are distinguished by a good storage capacity for the at least one active ingredient.
  • the release system according to the invention is suitable for all active ingredients with inhibiting properties in relation to pests and/or parasites, the term "inhibiting” meaning killing, repelling (repellent) and/or repro- ducing.
  • the at least one pest and/or parasite inhibiting active substance is selected from varroacid active substances and/or varroa mite-inhibiting active substances and/or the reproduction of varroa mite-inhibiting active substances.
  • the at least one active ingredient can be selected from (i) acaricides; (ii) carboxylic acids, in particular formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid and/or lactic acid; (iii) essential oils or components of essential oils, in particular terpenes, preferably thymol; and (iv) combinations of the aforementioned active ingredients.
  • varroacid active substance or “varroacid” is understood to mean substances which are suitable for combating bee parasites, in particular varroa mites (Varma destructor), or which kill varroa mites.
  • the varroacid active ingredients in the context of the invention include both synthetic active ingredients or antiparasitics from the group of acaricides and various carboxylic acids, in particular formic acid or methanoic acid, oxalic acid or ethanedioic acid and lactic acid or 2-hydroxypropanoic acid and ingredients of essential oils, especially thymol .
  • classic, synthetic antiparasitics from the group of acaricides such as flumethrin or amitraz
  • carboxylic acids or constituents of essential oils are preferably used as the varroacid active ingredient for the release system according to the invention.
  • the active ingredients can be contained in the release system either individually or in combination.
  • varroa mite-inhibiting active substance or "the reproduction of varroa mite-inhibiting active substance” is understood to mean such active substances which varroa mites in their growth and reproduction or in their biological activity, in particular their ability to infest bees or the bee brood, inhibit without the mites dying off.
  • the relevant active substances within the meaning of the invention include fatty acids and/or fatty acid esters, in particular oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, ethyl oleate, ethyl palmitic ester and/or ethyl stearin.
  • the aforementioned ingredients can be used either alone or in combination with other fatty acids and/or fatty acid esters or else in combination with the aforementioned varroacidal active ingredients.
  • the release system according to the invention preferably contains carboxylic acids, in particular formic acid, oxalic acid and/or lactic acid, fatty acids and/or fatty acid esters, in particular oleic acid, palmitic acid and/or stearic acid, terpenes, in particular thymol, and combinations of the aforementioned active ingredients as active ingredients.
  • the release system contains formic acid as the active substance or the active substance is formic acid.
  • natural substances such as carboxylic acids or thymol may also be used by organic beekeepers and are also freely available and are not subject to any regulations on the use of pesticides.
  • formic acid in particular can also penetrate the sealed brood cells and thus protect the bee brood from infestation with Varroa mites.
  • the at least one active substance is preferably introduced into the carrier material in the form of aqueous or organic, preferably aqueous solutions and/or dilutions of the at least one active substance.
  • the formic acid preferably used within the scope of the present invention is used, for example, in the form of a 60% dilution.
  • the release system contains the active substance, in particular the solution or dilution of the active substance, and the carrier material in defined weight or volume-related ratios to one another.
  • the release system contains the active substance and the carrier material in a weight-related ratio of active substance to carrier material in the range from 1: 50 to 100: 1, in particular 1: 10 to 50:1, preferably 1:2 to 20:1, preferably 1:1 to 10:1.
  • the release system contains the active substance, in particular the solution or dilution of the active substance, and the carrier material in a defined volume-related ratio of active substance to carrier material in the range from 1: 100 to 100: 1, in particular 1:50 to 50:1, 1:15 to 10:1, preferably 1:10 to 5:1, particularly preferably 1:5 to 1:1.
  • a release system as described above allows the at least one active ingredient to be released continuously and uniformly from the release system.
  • amounts of active substance in the range from 1 to 100 g, in particular 2 to 80 g, preferably 5 to 60 g, preferably 7 to 30 g, particularly preferably 10 to 20 g, can be evaporated per day.
  • the active substance is released in effective quantities that are largely harmless to the bees. If too much active substance is released during the treatment, this has a negative effect on bee health. If, on the other hand, too little active substance is released, the mites are not controlled sufficiently, so that the treatment may have to be repeated, which in turn is associated with renewed stress for the bees.
  • the release system has means for determining or measuring the release of the active substance, in particular the evaporation of the active substance.
  • the release system for determining and/or measuring the release of active substance has at least one indicator substance and/or at least one chemical indicator.
  • the use of pH indicators, moisture indicators and/or redox indicators is particularly suitable for the active ingredients preferably used according to the invention.
  • the release system has at least one color indicator.
  • a color indicator is understood to mean a substance or substance which indicates the equilibrium state of a chemical reaction by coloring or changing color.
  • the pH indicators which are particularly preferred according to the invention show a color change in the pH ranges which are characteristic of them.
  • Redox indicators show a color reaction at a defined redox potential.
  • Humidity indicators undergo a color change with increasing humidity.
  • Color indicators can be used individually within the scope of the present invention. In order to depict a broad pH spectrum, it can also be provided that several pH indicators are used different turnover areas or turnover intervals, ie a so-called mixed indicator. In addition, it can be provided to use combinations of pH indicators and moisture indicators.
  • color indicators from the group consisting of anthocyanins, cobalt(di)chlorides, methyl violet and/or combinations thereof are preferably used.
  • the delivery system may also include other common pH indicators such as thymol blue, methyl orange, bromocresol green, methyl red, litmus, bromothymol blue, phenolphthalein, thymolphthalein, alizarin yellow R and/or indigo carmine, or other moisture indicators.
  • the release system is thermally insulated or has thermal insulation. Additional thermal insulation can further stabilize the temperature in the release system and thus the evaporation of the active substance, since fluctuations in evaporation caused by temperature and weather are at least essentially prevented.
  • the outer wall in particular in the area of the other side and/or the gas and water vapor impermeable sections, preferably on its outside, has at least sections of a coating with a heat-insulating, preferably heat-reflecting effect.
  • the thermal radiation should be reflected by a coating, so that excessive heating of the release system and the associated stronger evaporation of the active substance is prevented.
  • the heat-insulating coating prevents the release system from cooling down and the associated reduced evaporation of the active substance.
  • a coating based on microfine hollow spheres has proven to be particularly suitable here.
  • the outer wall in particular in the area of the other side and/or the gas and water vapor impermeable sections, is equipped with a latent heat accumulator.
  • a latent heat storage device can in particular result in both downward temperature fluctuations, which can lead to a reduced release of active substance, and upward temperature fluctuations be intercepted or compensated for, since latent heat storage devices can both emit or release heat and store it.
  • the latent heat store has a phase change material (PCM).
  • PCM phase change material
  • a phase change material or a phase change material is understood in the context of the present invention as a material which can absorb latent heat, i. H. the energy supplied in the form of heat does not lead to a change in temperature but instead to a phase change. Only when the material has completely undergone the phase transformation, e.g. B. from liquid to solid or vice versa, the temperature of the material also changes or the temperature is released to the environment accordingly. In other words, temperature fluctuations can be intercepted by the phase change in order to ensure the continuity or uniformity of the release of the active ingredient.
  • phase change material has a melting point in the range from 10 to 50 °C, in particular in the range from 20 to 40 °C, preferably in the range from 30 to 37 °C, or if the Phase change material has a melting point that roughly corresponds to the usual temperatures in the beehive.
  • inorganic materials such as salt hydrates
  • organic substances such as paraffins or materials based on plant-based renewable raw materials
  • the release system is equipped with a latent heat store or phase change material in the form of a pad on its outside, in particular in the area of the other side impermeable to gas and/or water vapor.
  • the release system In order to ensure both the safety of use and the storability and durability of the release system, it has proven to be advantageous if the release system is closed or packaged airtight or gas and water vapor impermeable until it is used or premature evaporation of active ingredients from the Release system is prevented.
  • a gas- and water-vapor-impermeable, removable adhesive and/or protective layer is applied to the first side or to the at least one gas- and/or water-vapor-permeable section. The active substance is only released when the user has removed the adhesive tape immediately before using the release system.
  • the release system is gas- and water-vapor-impermeable and, if necessary, vacuum-packed.
  • the release system is placed in an outer packaging, preferably a plastic film packaging.
  • the outer packaging in particular the plastic foil packaging, can be made from all common plastic materials or plastic foils.
  • the plastic for the film material is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polymethylpentene (PMP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), fluoroplastics and/or mixtures thereof.
  • An outer packaging made of polyethylene (PE) is preferably used.
  • the release system By introducing the release system into an outer packaging that is impermeable to gas and water vapor, in particular by additionally sucking off air or vacuuming, a premature release or premature evaporation of the active ingredient(s) can be prevented. In addition, the shelf life of the release system is improved in this way.
  • a release system is provided within the scope of the present invention, which allows a targeted and continuous release of the at least one active substance, is easy to handle and universally adaptable to the respective structure of the beehives or beehives or bee dwellings.
  • the subject matter of the invention is therefore in particular a release system for use in combating bee parasites, in particular varroa mites.
  • the delivery system according to the invention can be intended for use in the treatment of bee diseases, in particular varrose.
  • FIGS. 1 to 5B Show it:
  • FIG. 1A shows a cross-section of an exemplary delivery system according to the invention with a diffusion-open section on the first side;
  • Figure 1B is a plan view of the first side of the delivery system shown in Figure 1A;
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross section of a further exemplary release system according to the invention in the form of a cushion or pad with a first side designed to be open to diffusion;
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic of a preferred layer structure of a further release system according to the invention with a first side open to diffusion, which additionally has a separating layer;
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross section of a release system according to the invention in pillow or pad form, which additionally has a vapor barrier;
  • FIG. 5A shows a cross section of a release system according to the invention in pillow or pad form, which additionally has a partition;
  • FIG. 5B shows a cross-section of a release system according to the invention in pillow or pad form, which has a partition in the form of a weld seam;
  • FIG. 6A shows a cross-section of a release system according to the invention in the form of a pillow or pad, which has a dividing wall and, in addition, a dividing layer;
  • FIG. 6B shows a cross-section of a release system according to the invention in pillow or pad form, which has a partition in the form of a weld seam and an additional release layer;
  • FIG. 7A shows the outside view of a beehive in which a release system according to the invention is introduced;
  • Figure 7B is a plan view of the top box of a beehive fitted with a release system according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1A shows the cross section through a release system 1 according to the invention with an outer wall 2 and an inner space 3 , the outer wall 2 having a first side 20 permeable to gas and water vapor in sections and a further side 30 .
  • the first side 20 and the other side 30 are connected to one another by narrow sides 4 .
  • the outer wall 2 is impermeable to gas and/or water vapor.
  • the release system 1 contains the carrier material 5, in which the active substance 6 is embedded or to which the active substance 6 is bound.
  • the direction of diffusion 8 of the active substance is indicated by corresponding arrows.
  • FIG. 1B also shows the top view of the side 20 permeable to gas and/or water vapor of the outer wall 2 of the release system 1 .
  • the first side 20 has a gas and/or water vapor permeable section 21 through which the at least one active ingredient can be released.
  • the release system 1 shows a further possible embodiment of the release system 1 according to the invention with an outer wall 2 and an inner space 3 into which the carrier material 5 with the at least one active ingredient 6 bound thereto and/or embedded therein is introduced.
  • Expanded perlite is preferably used as the carrier material 5 and formic acid as the active ingredient 6.
  • the first side 20 is designed to be gas and/or water vapor permeable over its entire extent, whereas the single, additional side 30 is designed to be gas and/or water vapor impermeable over its entire surface .
  • the first side 20 and the further side 30 are preferably made of polyethylene film, the film of the first side 20 having an sd value in the range from 0.01 to 1 m, in particular from 0.01 to 0.3 m.
  • the first side 20 and the other side 30 are connected directly to one another, in particular welded to one another at their outer edges or in their outer area, so that a cushion filled with the carrier material 5 and the active substance 6 is formed, which when used in a beehive or .a hive is brought in.
  • Fig. 3 shows schematically a preferred layer structure for a release system according to the invention 1.
  • the first side 20 of the outer wall 2 of the release system 1 is gas and/or water vapor permeable over its entire surface, whereas the other side 30 is completely gas and/or water vapor impermeable.
  • the first side 20 and the further side 30 are preferably made of polyethylene film, the film of the first side 20 having an sd value in the range from 0.01 to 1 m, in particular from 0.01 to 0.3 m.
  • the embodiment shown here also has a vapor barrier or vapor barrier in the form of a separating layer 7, which also divides the interior 3 into two receiving cavities 3A and 3B.
  • the separating layer 7 is preferably formed from a diffusion-open or diffusion-inhibiting film, in particular based on polyethylene. Both the receiving cavity 3A and the receiving cavity 3B are filled with carrier material 5 to which the at least one active substance 6 is bound and/or in which the active substance 6 is embedded. The receiving cavity 3B forms a depot for a long-term release of the active substance.
  • the carrier material 5 is expanded perlite and the active ingredient 6 is formic acid.
  • the direction of diffusion 8 of the active substance, in particular of the formic acid is indicated by arrows.
  • a part of the active ingredient 6 has to overcome two material layers, namely the separating layer 7 and the first side 20, in order to be released from the delivery system 1, so that an improved long-term release of the at least one active ingredient is ensured.
  • the release system 1 shows a cross section through a particularly preferred embodiment of the release system 1 according to the invention, the release system 1 according to this embodiment being in the form of a cushion or pad for the release of active substance.
  • the outer wall 2 of the release system 1 has a first side that is gas and/or water vapor permeable over its entire surface and a full surface or completely gas and/or water vapor impermeable side 30 .
  • the first side 20 and the further side 30 are preferably formed from plastic film, in particular polyethylene film, with the first side 20 having an sd value in the range from 0.01 to 1 m, preferably 0.01 to 0.3 m.
  • the release system 1 has a separating layer 7 that is also permeable to gas and/or water vapor.
  • the separating layer 7 is preferably also formed by a diffusion-open or diffusion-inhibiting film, in particular made of polyethylene.
  • the first side 20, the other side 30 and the separating layer 7 are connected to one another in their outer areas, in particular in the area of their outer edges, in particular welded to one another, with the separating layer 7 between the first side 20 and the other side 30 is arranged.
  • the interior of the release system 1 is divided by the separating layer 7 into two receiving cavities 3A and 3B, which each contain the carrier material 5, which is loaded with the active substance 6, preferably formic acid.
  • the receiving cavity 3B is a kind of depot for a long-lasting release of active substance, since the active substance in this receiving cavity or chamber has to overcome two gas and/or water vapor-permeable material layers, in particular with diffusion-open or diffusion-inhibiting properties, in order to be released to the outside to become.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further possibility of the release system 1 according to the invention, which is basically like the release system. 2 is configured, but additionally has a partition 9 or a weld seam 10 .
  • the partition wall 9 or the weld seam 10 connects the first side 20 and the further side 30 to one another and is designed to be essentially impermeable to gas and/or water vapor.
  • the dividing wall 9, as shown in FIG. 5A is impermeable to gas and/or water vapor over its entire extent.
  • the partition wall 9 is formed from a gas and/or water vapor impermeable film, preferably a polyethylene film.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further possibility of the release system 1 according to the invention, which is basically like the release system. 2 is configured, but additionally has a partition 9 or a weld seam 10 .
  • the partition wall 9 or the weld seam 10 connects the first side 20 and the further side 30 to one another and is designed to be essentially impermeable to gas and/or water vapor.
  • the first side 20 and the further side 30 are connected to one another by a weld seam that is at least essentially impermeable to gas and/or water vapor.
  • the interior of the release system 1 is divided into two interiors 3 and 3′ by the partition wall 9 or the weld seam 10, from which the active substance 6 can be released independently of one another.
  • Fig. 6 shows yet another possible embodiment of the release system 1 according to the invention, which corresponds to the embodiment shown in Fig. 4 in terms of its structure, with the proviso that the release system 1 additionally has a partition 9 (Fig. 6A) or a weld seam 10 (Fig 6B).
  • the dividing wall 9, as shown in FIG. 6A is impermeable to gas and/or water vapor over its entire extent.
  • the partition wall 9 is formed from a gas and/or water vapor impermeable film, preferably a polyethylene film.
  • FIG. 6 shows yet another possible embodiment of the release system 1 according to the invention, which corresponds to the embodiment shown in Fig. 4 in terms of its structure, with the proviso that the release system 1 additionally has a partition 9 (Fig. 6A) or a weld seam 10 (Fig 6B).
  • the dividing wall 9, as shown in FIG. 6A is impermeable to gas and/or water vapor over its entire extent.
  • the partition wall 9 is formed from a gas and
  • the first side 20 and the further side 30 as well as the separating layer 7 are connected to one another by an at least essentially gas- and/or water-vapor-impermeable weld seam.
  • this Release system in each case two inner receiving cavities 3B or 3B' facing the other side 30 and two receiving cavities 3A or 3A' facing the first, gas- and/or water vapor-permeable side.
  • the embodiments shown in FIG. 6 have on the one hand the delayed effect achieved by the separating layer 7 with regard to the release of the active ingredient and on the other hand the receiving cavities 3A, 3B and 3A' and 3B' are independent of one another with regard to the release of the active ingredient i set ng .
  • FIGS. 7A and 7B show the release system 1 in the state of use when used in a beehive 40 based on magazine hives with frames 41 placed one on top of the other.
  • the release system 1 according to the invention is mounted with the side 30 impermeable to gas and/or water vapor upwards and the side 20 permeable to gas and/or water vapor at least in sections downwards, i.e. in the direction of the bags, on the upper frame of the magazine bags is deposited, so that the at least one active substance can diffuse in a targeted manner into the magazine hives or frames 41 of the beehive 40 and can exert its effect there.
  • Another object of the present invention is - according to a second aspect of the present invention - a beehive which contains a release system as described above.
  • a beehive is understood to mean both dwellings and nesting cavities inhabited by bees and uninhabited ones, in particular so-called beehives.
  • beehives there are also no restrictions with regard to the individual structure or shape, ie a beehive in the sense of the present invention can also be designed as a beehive.
  • Another object of the present invention - according to a third aspect of the present invention - is the use of a release system as described above for combating bee parasites, in particular Varroa mites, in particular by introducing the release system into a beehive.
  • the release system in the beehive is aligned with the first side, which is at least partially permeable to gas and/or water vapor, in the direction of the hives.
  • the release system lasts for a period of 1 to 30 days, in particular 2 to 25 days, preferably 2 to 20 days, preferably 3 to 15 days, particularly preferably 3 to 12 days, is introduced into the hive.
  • the release system for evaporating an amount of active substance in the range of 0.1 to 200 g/day, in particular 1 to 100 g/day, preferably 5 to 60 g/day, preferably 8 to 40 g/day, in particular preferably 10 to 20 g/day.
  • the release system according to the invention is associated with excellent effectiveness in controlling Varroa mites in beehives. Nevertheless, the use for controlling varroa mites in beehives is just one possible application.
  • the release system according to the invention can be designed and used equally to control other pests and parasites.
  • release systems according to the invention in the form of release cushions with a height of 2 cm and a width or depth of 15 cm, as shown, for example, in FIGS.
  • Expanded, open-pored perlite with an absolute particle size of ⁇ 1,000 ⁇ m was used as the carrier material and formic acid as the active ingredient.
  • the support material was mixed with 60% formic acid and incubated overnight in an overhead shaker. 150 g of 60% formic acid per 17 g or approximately 500 ml of perlite were used per release cushion. After the incubation time had expired, the formic acid solution had been essentially completely absorbed by the porous perlite.
  • a diffusion-open polyethylene film with an sd value was determined. DIN ISO 15106-3 and/or ISO 12572, used in the range from 0.01 to 0.3 m.
  • the first side, the separating layer and the other side were arranged flat on top of each other and welded together at three of the four outer edges by means of heat, so that film bags open on one side with two storage cavities or chambers resulted.
  • the outer, diffusion-open film corresponding to the first side was also sealed gas-impermeable with removable adhesive tape at least 24 hours before filling with the active substance-containing carrier material.
  • the carrier material containing the active substance was added in a quantitative ratio of the first receiving cavity (facing the diffusion-open side) to the second receiving cavity (facing the gas- and/or water-vapor-impermeable side) in the range from 1:1 to 1:3 introduced into the two receiving cavities.
  • the fourth side was also heat-sealed.
  • the finished release systems were placed in an outer packaging based on plastic film, eg made of polyethylene, and vacuum-sealed to prevent the active ingredient from evaporating prematurely. In this way, release systems of various sizes can be produced, for example with a width or depth in the range from 5 to 60 cm and a height in the range from 0.5 to 5 cm.
  • the size can be individually adapted to the size and structure of the beehive or beehives.
  • the release systems according to the invention particularly preferably have a width or depth in the range from 15 to 20 cm and a height in the range from 1.5 to 2.5 cm.
  • the procedure outlined is equally suitable for producing release systems based on the other carrier materials, active substances and materials for the outer wall provided according to the invention. Use of the release system to control varroa mites
  • the release systems produced according to item 1. were used to investigate the effectiveness in controlling Varroa mites in a beehive. For this purpose, five bee colonies with medium to high colony sizes (i.e. five hives) were used. Some of the beehives were in sunny and some in shady locations. The conditions and results of the efficacy test explained below are summarized in Table 1.
  • the release systems in the form of release pads were first removed from their outer packaging.
  • the adhesive layer on the side that is permeable to gas and/or water vapor has been completely or partially removed for targeted release or dosing of the active substance.
  • the release cushions were then placed on the frames or frames of the bee hive with the gas and/or water vapor permeable in the direction of the hives.
  • the beehive or beehive was sealed with foil, an inner lid and an outer lid.
  • the formic acid was able to evaporate continuously and independently of temperature and humidity. The treatment was carried out over a period of eleven days, with the evaporation or release rate for the active substance being between 10 and 20 g per day (cf. Table 1).
  • Mite fall was monitored during treatment and over a one-week follow-up period. to the success of the treatment
  • residual mite removal with flumethrin (Bayvarol® Stripes) was also carried out.
  • the effectiveness of the treatment with the release pad according to the invention was determined from the fall of mites during the treatment and the after-effect on the one hand and the fall of mites as a result of residual mite removal with flumethrin (cf. Table 1).
  • the mite infestation was able to be reduced by up to 97% in each case as a result of treatment with the release pads according to the invention.
  • a treatment efficiency of more than 90% was also achieved in shady locations.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système de libération pour une substance active ayant un effet inhibiteur contre les parasites et/ou les organismes nuisibles, le système de libération comportant une paroi extérieure et un espace intérieur, la paroi extérieure ayant un premier côté, dont au moins des sections sont perméables au gaz et/ou à la vapeur d'eau, et au moins un autre côté, dont au moins des sections sont imperméables au gaz et/ou à la vapeur d'eau, et au moins un matériau de support poreux comprenant au moins une substance active liée au matériau de support et/ou incorporée dans le matériau de support étant introduit dans l'espace intérieur.
PCT/EP2021/074769 2020-10-02 2021-09-09 Système de libération pour lutter contre les parasites WO2022069176A1 (fr)

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DE102020130875.2A DE102020130875A1 (de) 2020-10-02 2020-11-23 Freisetzungssystem zur Bekämpfung von Parasiten

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AT8031U2 (de) 2005-04-28 2006-01-15 Hubert Schuhleitner Applikationssystem zur abgabe einer wirkstoffkombination zur bekämpfung von milben
EP2498614B1 (fr) 2009-09-14 2017-11-15 Basf Se Distributeur comprenant une membrane en polyester pour la lutte contre les mites dans des ruches
EP2478765A2 (fr) 2011-01-19 2012-07-25 Acuros GmbH Dispositif de libération d'une matière active volatile, procédé de fabrication d'un tel dispositif et son utilisation
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