WO2022068491A1 - 铅纳米片 - 石墨烯二维复合物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

铅纳米片 - 石墨烯二维复合物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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WO2022068491A1
WO2022068491A1 PCT/CN2021/115025 CN2021115025W WO2022068491A1 WO 2022068491 A1 WO2022068491 A1 WO 2022068491A1 CN 2021115025 W CN2021115025 W CN 2021115025W WO 2022068491 A1 WO2022068491 A1 WO 2022068491A1
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graphene
nanosheet
lead
dimensional composite
solution
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黄建智
李衍亮
王寿山
程文雪
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东莞理工学院
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/14—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of germanium, tin or lead
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
    • B01J35/33—Electric or magnetic properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/40—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by dimensions, e.g. grain size
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
    • B01J37/0201—Impregnation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/08—Heat treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/16—Reducing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of carbon dioxide electrocatalytic reduction catalysts, in particular to a lead nanosheet-graphene two-dimensional composite and a preparation method and application thereof.
  • Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction is an excellent method to achieve carbon balance, which can convert CO2 into different high value-added chemicals, such as formic acid, methanol, ethanol and other fuels, which can not only effectively reduce the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, but also Alleviate energy shortages.
  • formic acid is an important liquid fuel that can be directly used as an efficient energy carrier for fuel cells.
  • Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to formic acid production is considered to be the most profitable and practical commercial process.
  • the current CO2 reduction catalysts generally have the problems of complex preparation method, high cost and harsh synthesis conditions. Moreover, most of these catalysts have poor electrocatalytic CO2 reduction selectivity, making it difficult to generate formic acid with high selectivity. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop an inexpensive catalyst material with simple preparation method and high performance to realize the highly selective electroreduction of CO2 to produce formic acid.
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing a lead nanosheet-graphene two-dimensional composite that is inexpensive and simple in preparation method; the present invention also provides a high-performance lead nanosheet-graphene two-dimensional composite. Dimensional complexes for the electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide.
  • a preparation method of a lead nanosheet-graphene two-dimensional composite comprising the following steps: adding 10 mg of graphene oxide to a 10 mL beaker according to a proportion; adding 5 mL of 0.05 mol/L Pb(NO) to the beaker 3 ) 2 solution, soak at room temperature; and after soaking, remove the metal solution by centrifugation, add 10 mL of 0.01 g/mL NaBH 4 solution to it, and react at room temperature to obtain a mixed product; after the reaction is complete, use deionized water. The mixed product was washed by centrifugation; 1 mL of water was added to the obtained product, and ultrasonically dispersed uniformly to obtain a lead nanosheet-graphene two-dimensional composite dispersion.
  • a further improvement to the above technical solution is that in the step of adding 5 mL of 0.05 mol/L Pb(NO 3 ) 2 solution to the beaker and soaking at room temperature, the soaking time is 30 min.
  • a further improvement to the above technical solution is that after the soaking is completed, the metal solution is removed by centrifugation, and 10 mL of 0.01 g/mL NaBH solution is added to it, and the reaction is performed at room temperature to obtain a mixed product. The time is 30min.
  • a further improvement to the above technical solution is that in the step of centrifugally washing the mixed product with deionized water after the reaction is complete, the number of times of the washing is 6 times.
  • a lead nanosheet-graphene two-dimensional composite is prepared by the above preparation method.
  • a further improvement to the above technical solution includes the following application steps.
  • the CHI-660D electrochemical workstation instrument was used to conduct the CO2 electrochemical reduction experiment.
  • the saturated calomel electrode was used as the reference electrode, the 1.0 ⁇ 1.0 cm platinum plate was used as the counter electrode, and the H-type electrolytic cell was used for the constant potential electrolysis CO2 reduction experiment.
  • -117 membrane separates the cathodic and anodic compartments, both containing 35 mL of 0.5 M KHCO3 solution. And the electrolytic reduction experiment of CO 2 was carried out under the condition that CO 2 was continuously fed.
  • a further improvement of the above technical scheme is that in the CHI-660D electrochemical workstation instrument is used to carry out the CO 2 electrochemical reduction experiment, the saturated calomel electrode is used as the reference electrode, the 1.0 ⁇ 1.0 cm platinum sheet is used as the counter electrode, and the H type is used.
  • the electrolytic cell was used for the potentiostatic electrolysis CO2 reduction experiment, the Nafion-117 membrane separated the cathodic compartment and the anodic compartment, both of which contained 35 mL of 0.5 M KHCO3 solution. Bubble CO for 30 min to obtain a CO - saturated KHCO solution.
  • the present invention can realize the high-selectivity electroreduction of CO2 to generate formic acid through a rapid preparation method of a high-performance CO2 electroreduction catalyst; in the first aspect, the lead nanosheet-graphene two-dimensional composite can be rapidly synthesized at room temperature, and the total The time is 1 h; secondly, the raw materials required for the synthesis are cheap and easy to obtain, and the operation process is simple; thirdly, in the process of electrolytic CO 2 reduction at ⁇ 1.0 V for 5 h, the composite obtained 9.0 mA cm ⁇ 2 . The high current density of the formic acid product resulted in a Faradaic efficiency of 60%.
  • the lead nanosheet-graphene two-dimensional composite provided by the invention has great commercial application prospect in the CO 2 conversion industry.
  • 1 is a lens electron microscope image of the lead nanosheet-graphene two-dimensional composite of the preparation method of the lead nanosheet-graphene two-dimensional composite of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the lead nanosheet-graphene two-dimensional composite of FIG. 1 .
  • Figure 3 is the hydrogen spectrum of the electrolyte of electrocatalytic CO2 reduction for 5 h at different potentials in the CO2-saturated 0.5 M KHCO3 aqueous solution of the lead nanosheet-graphene two-dimensional composite of Figure 1.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the current density of the lead nanosheet-graphene two-dimensional composite of Figure 1 in CO2-saturated 0.5 M KHCO3 aqueous solution for 5 h electrocatalytic CO2 reduction at different potentials.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the Faradaic efficiency of the formic acid product obtained by electrocatalytic CO2 reduction for 5 h at different potentials for the lead nanosheet-graphene two-dimensional composite of Figure 1 in a CO2 saturated 0.5 M KHCO3 aqueous solution.
  • a preparation method of a lead nanosheet-graphene two-dimensional composite includes the following steps: according to the proportion, weigh 10 mg of graphene oxide and add it to a 10 mL beaker; add 5 mL of 0.05 mol/L Pb(NO 3 ) 2 solution was soaked at room temperature; after soaking, the metal solution was removed by centrifugation, and 10 mL of 0.01 g/mL NaBH 4 solution was added to it and reacted at room temperature to obtain a mixed product; After the reaction is complete, the mixed product is centrifuged and washed with deionized water; and 1 mL of water is added to the obtained product, and ultrasonically dispersed uniformly to obtain a lead nanosheet-graphene two-dimensional composite dispersion.
  • the lead nanosheet-graphene two-dimensional composite of the invention can be rapidly synthesized at room temperature, the reaction raw materials are cheap and easily available, and the synthesis process is simple to operate.
  • the soaking time is 30 min.
  • the metal solution is removed by centrifugation, and 10 mL of 0.01 g/mL NaBH 4 solution is added thereto, and the reaction is performed at room temperature to obtain a mixed product.
  • the time of the reaction is 30 min.
  • the number of times of the washing is 6 times.
  • a lead nanosheet-graphene two-dimensional composite is prepared by the above preparation method.
  • An application of a lead nanosheet-graphene two-dimensional composite in the electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide comprising the following application steps: taking 40 ⁇ L of lead nanosheet-graphite prepared by the preparation method of the lead nanosheet-graphene two-dimensional composite The ene two-dimensional composite dispersion was drop-coated onto a glassy carbon electrode with a diameter of 6 mm and dried under infrared light; after drying, 40 ⁇ L of 0.15 wt% Nafion solution was drop-coated on the electrode and dried under infrared light.
  • the working electrode was prepared; the CHI-660D electrochemical workstation instrument was used to conduct the CO2 electrochemical reduction experiment, the saturated calomel electrode was used as the reference electrode, the 1.0 ⁇ 1.0 cm platinum sheet was used as the counter electrode, and the H-type electrolytic cell was used for constant Potential electrolysis CO 2 reduction experiment, using Nafion-117 membrane to separate the cathode compartment and anode compartment, both the cathode compartment and the anode compartment contain 35 mL of 0.5 M KHCO 3 solution; and CO 2 electrolysis was carried out under the condition of continuous CO 2 flow Restoration experiment.
  • the CHI-660D electrochemical workstation instrument was used to carry out the CO2 electrochemical reduction experiment, the saturated calomel electrode was used as the reference electrode, the 1.0 ⁇ 1.0 cm platinum sheet was used as the counter electrode, and the H-type electrolytic cell was used for the constant potential electrolysis of CO. 2
  • Nafion-117 membrane separates the cathodic compartment and the anodic compartment, both of which contain 35 mL of 0.5 M KHCO solution. CO2 saturated KHCO3 solution.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the current density of the lead nanosheet-graphene two-dimensional composites in CO saturated 0.5 M KHCO aqueous solution for 5 h electrocatalytic CO reduction at different potentials, and the electrolytic current density is as high as 9.0 mA cm ⁇ 2 , and the current density higher than the commercialization requirement is not less than 5.0 mA cm ⁇ 2 .
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the Faradaic efficiency of the formic acid product obtained by electrocatalytic CO reduction for 5 h at different potentials for the lead nanosheet-graphene two-dimensional composite in CO saturated 0.5 M KHCO aqueous solution.
  • the composite can convert CO2 to formic acid with high selectivity, and the Faradaic efficiency of the obtained formic acid is as high as 60%.
  • the present invention can realize the high-selectivity electroreduction of CO 2 to generate formic acid through a rapid preparation method of a high-performance CO 2 electroreduction catalyst; in the first aspect, the lead nanosheet-graphene two-dimensional composite can be rapidly synthesized at room temperature, The total time is 1 h; secondly, the raw materials required for the synthesis are cheap and easily available, and the operation process is simple; thirdly, in the process of electrolytic CO2 reduction at ⁇ 1.0 V for 5 h, the composite obtained 9.0 mA cm ⁇ With a high current density of 2 , the Faradaic efficiency of the formic acid product is 60%.
  • the lead nanosheet-graphene two-dimensional composite provided by the invention has great commercial application prospect in the CO 2 conversion industry.

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Abstract

本发明涉及二氧化碳电催化还原催化剂技术领域，特别是涉及一种铅纳米片-石墨烯二维复合物的制备方法，包括如下步骤：根据比例称量10 mg的氧化石墨烯加入到10 mL烧杯中；往烧杯加入5 mL的0.05 mol/L Pb(NO 3) 2溶液，室温下浸泡；浸泡完成后，离心去除金属溶液，再往其中加入10 mL的0.01 g/mL NaBH 4溶液，室温下反应，得混合产物；反应完全后，用去离子水对混合产物进行离心洗涤；往所得产物加入1 mL水，超声分散均匀，得铅纳米片-石墨烯二维复合物分散液。本发明提供一种廉价、制备方法简单的铅纳米片-石墨烯二维复合物的制备方法；本发明还提供一种高性能的铅纳米片-石墨烯二维复合物在二氧化碳电催化还原方面的应用。

Description

铅纳米片-石墨烯二维复合物及其制备方法和应用
相关申请的交叉引用。
本申请要求于2020年9月30日提交中国专利局，申请号为202011055937.0，发明名称为“铅纳米片-石墨烯二维复合物及其制备方法和应用”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及二氧化碳电催化还原催化剂技术领域，特别是涉及一种铅纳米片-石墨烯二维复合物及其制备方法和应用。
 背景技术
当今世界，由于全球人口的急剧增长和经济社会的快速发展，人类对石油、天然气和煤炭这些化石能源的需求日益增长。化石能源的过度开采和使用，不仅加剧了能源枯竭，而且造成了大气和海洋中二氧化碳（CO2）浓度的急剧增加，导致出现日益严重的能源短缺和温室效应问题。电催化CO2还原反应是一种优异的实现碳平衡的方法，可以将CO2转化成不同的高附加值化学品，例如甲酸、甲醇、乙醇等燃料，不仅可以有效降低大气中CO2的浓度，也能减缓能源短缺。在这些由CO2电还原产生的各类化学品里面，甲酸是一种重要的液态燃料，可以被直接用作燃料电池的高效能量载体。电催化CO2还原生产甲酸被认为是最有利润和最具实际应用前景的商业化过程。
 技术问题
然而，目前的CO2还原催化剂普遍存在制备方法复杂、成本高、合成条件苛刻的问题。而且大部分的这些催化剂电催化CO2还原的选择性差，难以高选择性的产生甲酸。因此，开发一种廉价、制备方法简单、高性能的催化剂材料，实现CO2高选择性电还原产生甲酸，显得尤为重要。
 技术解决方案
根据本申请的各种实施例，本发明提供一种廉价、制备方法简单的铅纳米片-石墨烯二维复合物的制备方法；本发明还提供一种高性能的铅纳米片-石墨烯二维复合物在二氧化碳电催化还原方面的应用。
一种铅纳米片-石墨烯二维复合物的制备方法，包括如下步骤：根据比例称量10 mg的氧化石墨烯加入到10 mL烧杯中；往烧杯加入5 mL的0.05 mol/L Pb(NO 3) 2溶液，室温下浸泡；及浸泡完成后，离心去除金属溶液，再往其中加入10 mL的0.01 g/mL NaBH 4溶液，室温下反应，得混合产物；反应完全后，用去离子水对混合产物进行离心洗涤；往所得产物加入1 mL水，超声分散均匀，得铅纳米片-石墨烯二维复合物分散液。
对上述技术方案的进一步改进为，在所述往烧杯加入5 mL的0.05 mol/L Pb(NO 3) 2溶液，室温下浸泡的步骤中，所述浸泡的时间为30min。
对上述技术方案的进一步改进为，在所述浸泡完成后，离心去除金属溶液，再往其中加入10 mL的0.01 g/mL NaBH 4溶液，室温下反应，得混合产物的步骤中，所述反应的时间为30min。
对上述技术方案的进一步改进为，在所述反应完全后，用去离子水对混合产物进行离心洗涤的步骤中，所述洗涤的次数为6次。
一种铅纳米片-石墨烯二维复合物，是采用上述制备方法制得。
一种铅纳米片-石墨烯二维复合物在二氧化碳电催化还原方面的应用。
对上述技术方案的进一步改进为，包括如下应用步骤。
取40μL由铅纳米片-石墨烯二维复合物的制备方法制得的铅纳米片-石墨烯二维复合物分散液滴涂到直径6 mm的玻碳电极上，在红外灯下烘干。
烘干完成后，往电极上滴涂40 μL的0.15 wt%的Nafion溶液，在红外灯下烘干，制得工作电极。
采用CHI-660D电化学工作站仪器进行CO2电化学还原实验，饱和甘汞电极作为参比电极，1.0×1.0 cm铂片作为对电极，采用H型电解池用于恒电位电解CO2还原实验，采用Nafion-117膜将阴极室和阳极室分隔，阴极室和阳极室均含有35 mL的0.5 M KHCO 3溶液。及在持续通入CO 2的条件下进行CO 2的电解还原实验。
对上述技术方案的进一步改进为，在所述采用CHI-660D电化学工作站仪器进行CO 2电化学还原实验，饱和甘汞电极作为参比电极，1.0×1.0 cm铂片作为对电极，采用H型电解池用于恒电位电解CO 2还原实验，Nafion-117膜将阴极室和阳极室分隔，阴极室和阳极室均含有35 mL的0.5 M KHCO 3溶液的步骤中，在电解前，阴极室内先通入30 min的CO 2以获得CO 2饱和的KHCO 3溶液。
有益效果
本发明通过一种高性能CO2电还原催化剂的快速制备方法，可实现CO 2高选择性电还原产生甲酸；第一方面，铅纳米片-石墨烯二维复合物在室温下可以快速合成，总时间为1 h；第二方面，合成所需要的原材料廉价易得，操作过程简单；第三方面，在−1.0 V电解CO 2还原5 h的过程中，该复合物取得了9.0 mA cm − 2的高电流密度，甲酸产物的法拉第效率为60%。本发明提供的铅纳米片-石墨烯二维复合物在CO 2转化产业具有极大的商业应用前景。
附图说明
为了更好地描述和说明这里公开的那些发明的实施例和/或示例，可以参考一幅或多幅附图。用于描述附图的附加细节或示例不应当被认为是对所公开的发明、目前描述的实施例和/或示例以及目前理解的这些发明的最佳模式中的任何一者的范围的限制。
图1为本发明的铅纳米片-石墨烯二维复合物的制备方法的铅纳米片-石墨烯二维复合物的透镜电镜图。
图2为图1的铅纳米片-石墨烯二维复合物的X射线衍射图。
图3为图1的铅纳米片-石墨烯二维复合物在CO2饱和的0.5 M KHCO3水溶液中，在不同电位电催化CO2还原5 h的电解液的氢谱图。
图4为图1的铅纳米片-石墨烯二维复合物在CO2饱和的0.5 M KHCO3水溶液中，在不同电位电催化CO2还原5 h的电流密度示意图。
图5为图1的铅纳米片-石墨烯二维复合物在CO2饱和的0.5 M KHCO3水溶液中，在不同电位电催化CO2还原5 h所得甲酸产物的法拉第效率示意图。
 本发明的实施方式
为了便于理解本发明，下面将对本发明进行更全面的描述。但是，本发明可以以许多不同的形式来实现，并不限于本文所描述的实施例。相反地，提供这些实施例的目的是使对本发明的公开内容的理解更加透彻全面。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本发明。
如图1至图5所示，一种铅纳米片-石墨烯二维复合物的制备方法，包括如下步骤：根据比例称量10 mg的氧化石墨烯加入到10 mL烧杯中；往烧杯加入5 mL的0.05 mol/L Pb(NO 3) 2溶液，室温下浸泡；浸泡完成后，离心去除金属溶液，再往其中加入10 mL的0.01 g/mL NaBH 4溶液，室温下反应，得混合产物；反应完全后，用去离子水对混合产物进行离心洗涤；及往所得产物加入1 mL水，超声分散均匀，得铅纳米片-石墨烯二维复合物分散液。
本发明的铅纳米片-石墨烯二维复合物可以在室温下快速合成，反应原料廉价易得，合成过程操作简单。
进一步地，在所述往烧杯加入5 mL的0.05 mol/L Pb(NO 3) 2溶液，室温下浸泡的步骤中，所述浸泡的时间为30min。
进一步地，在所述浸泡完成后，离心去除金属溶液，再往其中加入10 mL的0.01 g/mL NaBH 4溶液，室温下反应，得混合产物的步骤中，所述反应的时间为30min。
进一步地，在所述反应完全后，用去离子水对混合产物进行离心洗涤的步骤中，所述洗涤的次数为6次。
一种铅纳米片-石墨烯二维复合物，是采用上述制备方法制得。
一种铅纳米片-石墨烯二维复合物在二氧化碳电催化还原方面的应用，包括如下应用步骤：取40μL由铅纳米片-石墨烯二维复合物的制备方法制得的铅纳米片-石墨烯二维复合物分散液滴涂到直径6 mm的玻碳电极上，在红外灯下烘干；烘干完成后，往电极上滴涂40 μL的0.15 wt%的Nafion溶液，在红外灯下烘干，制得工作电极；采用CHI-660D电化学工作站仪器进行CO2电化学还原实验，饱和甘汞电极作为参比电极，1.0×1.0 cm铂片作为对电极，采用H型电解池用于恒电位电解CO 2还原实验，采用Nafion-117膜将阴极室和阳极室分隔，阴极室和阳极室均含有35 mL的0.5 M KHCO 3溶液；及在持续通入CO 2的条件下进行CO2的电解还原实验。
进一步地，在采用CHI-660D电化学工作站仪器进行CO 2电化学还原实验，饱和甘汞电极作为参比电极，1.0×1.0 cm铂片作为对电极，采用H型电解池用于恒电位电解CO 2还原实验，Nafion-117膜将阴极室和阳极室分隔，阴极室和阳极室均含有35 mL的0.5 M KHCO 3溶液步骤中，在电解前，阴极室内先通入30 min的CO 2以获得CO 2饱和的KHCO 3溶液。
如图4所示，图4为铅纳米片-石墨烯二维复合物在CO 2饱和的0.5 M KHCO 3水溶液中，在不同电位电催化CO 2还原5 h的电流密度示意图，电解电流密度高达9.0 mA cm − 2，高于商业化要求的电流密度不低于5.0 mA cm − 2。
如图5所示，图5为铅纳米片-石墨烯二维复合物在CO 2饱和的0.5 M KHCO 3水溶液中，在不同电位电催化CO 2还原5 h所得甲酸产物的法拉第效率示意图，复合物可以高选择性的将CO 2转化为甲酸，所得甲酸的法拉第效率高达60%。
本发明通过一种高性能CO 2电还原催化剂的快速制备方法，可实现CO 2高选择性电还原产生甲酸；第一方面，铅纳米片-石墨烯二维复合物在室温下可以快速合成，总时间为1 h；第二方面，合成所需要的原材料廉价易得，操作过程简单；第三方面，在−1.0 V电解CO 2还原5 h的过程中，该复合物取得了9.0 mA cm − 2的高电流密度，甲酸产物的法拉第效率为60%。本发明提供的铅纳米片-石墨烯二维复合物在CO 2转化产业具有极大的商业应用前景。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种铅纳米片-石墨烯二维复合物的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：根据比例称量10 mg的氧化石墨烯加入到10 mL烧杯中；往烧杯加入5 mL的0.05 mol/L Pb(NO 3) 2溶液，室温下浸泡；浸泡完成后，离心去除金属溶液，再往其中加入10 mL的0.01 g/mL NaBH 4溶液，室温下反应，得混合产物；反应完全后，用去离子水对混合产物进行离心洗涤；及往所得产物加入1 mL水，超声分散均匀，得铅纳米片-石墨烯二维复合物分散液。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的铅纳米片-石墨烯二维复合物的制备方法，其特征在于，在所述往烧杯加入5 mL的0.05 mol/L Pb(NO 3) 2溶液，室温下浸泡的步骤中，所述浸泡的时间为30min。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的铅纳米片-石墨烯二维复合物的制备方法，其特征在于，在所述浸泡完成后，离心去除金属溶液，再往其中加入10 mL的0.01 g/mL NaBH 4溶液，室温下反应，得混合产物的步骤中，所述反应的时间为30min。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的铅纳米片-石墨烯二维复合物的制备方法，其特征在于，在所述反应完全后，用去离子水对混合产物进行离心洗涤的步骤中，所述洗涤的次数为6次。
  5. 一种铅纳米片-石墨烯二维复合物，其特征在于，是采用权利要求1-4任一项所述的制备方法制得。
  6. 一种如权利要求5所述的铅纳米片-石墨烯二维复合物在二氧化碳电催化还原方面的应用。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的铅纳米片-石墨烯二维复合物在二氧化碳电催化还原方面的应用，其特征在于，包括如下应用步骤：取40μL由权利要求1-4任一项所述的铅纳米片-石墨烯二维复合物的制备方法制得的铅纳米片-石墨烯二维复合物分散液滴涂到直径6 mm的玻碳电极上，在红外灯下烘干；烘干完成后，往电极上滴涂40 μL的0.15 wt%的Nafion溶液，在红外灯下烘干，制得工作电极；采用CHI-660D电化学工作站仪器进行CO2电化学还原实验，饱和甘汞电极作为参比电极，1.0×1.0 cm铂片作为对电极，采用H型电解池用于恒电位电解CO 2还原实验，采用Nafion-117膜将阴极室和阳极室分隔，阴极室和阳极室均含有35 mL的0.5 M KHCO 3溶液；及在持续通入CO 2的条件下进行CO 2的电解还原实验。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的铅纳米片-石墨烯二维复合物在二氧化碳电催化还原方面的应用，其特征在于，在所述采用CHI-660D电化学工作站仪器进行CO 2电化学还原实验，饱和甘汞电极作为参比电极，1.0×1.0 cm铂片作为对电极，采用H型电解池用于恒电位电解CO 2还原实验，Nafion-117膜将阴极室和阳极室分隔，阴极室和阳极室均含有35 mL的0.5 M KHCO 3溶液的步骤中，在电解前，阴极室内先通入30 min的CO 2以获得CO 2饱和的KHCO 3溶液。
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