WO2022068459A1 - 一种复配过瘤胃多不饱和脂肪酸粉的制备及其应用 - Google Patents

一种复配过瘤胃多不饱和脂肪酸粉的制备及其应用 Download PDF

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WO2022068459A1
WO2022068459A1 PCT/CN2021/113654 CN2021113654W WO2022068459A1 WO 2022068459 A1 WO2022068459 A1 WO 2022068459A1 CN 2021113654 W CN2021113654 W CN 2021113654W WO 2022068459 A1 WO2022068459 A1 WO 2022068459A1
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powder
polyunsaturated fatty
coating
milk
rumen
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PCT/CN2021/113654
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English (en)
French (fr)
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陈礼毅
钟惠昌
陈水荣
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厦门汇盛生物有限公司
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Priority to JP2023521815A priority Critical patent/JP7456697B2/ja
Priority to US18/004,116 priority patent/US20230263191A1/en
Priority to AU2021353303A priority patent/AU2021353303A1/en
Priority to EP21874121.3A priority patent/EP4151090A4/en
Priority to KR1020237000535A priority patent/KR20230021112A/ko
Publication of WO2022068459A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022068459A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
    • A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/111—Aromatic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/174—Vitamins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/189—Enzymes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/28—Silicates, e.g. perlites, zeolites or bentonites
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
    • A23K40/35—Making capsules specially adapted for ruminants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S426/00—Food or edible material: processes, compositions, and products
    • Y10S426/807—Poultry or ruminant feed

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the coating of polyunsaturated fatty acid oils and the fields of food and feed, in particular to the compounding of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in a certain proportion, and the formation of polyunsaturated fatty acids through secondary rumen coating can increase the polyunsaturated fatty acids.
  • Polyunsaturated fatty acids are essential fatty acids and are the precursors of lipid mediators. They play an important role in the structure and function of cell membranes. They play a vital role in brain development, vision development, neurodevelopment, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular health. .
  • omega-3 and omega-6 of which n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids mainly include linoleic acid, eicosatetraenoic acid (ARA), etc.
  • n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids mainly include linolenic acid, Dicosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), etc.
  • DHA has the nutritional effect of promoting the development of the nervous system, strengthening the brain and improving intelligence, promoting the development of the optic nervous system, protecting eyesight, and improving the function of cell membranes.
  • ARA is the most abundant and widely distributed polyunsaturated fatty acid in the human body. Especially in the brain and nerve tissue, the content of ARA generally accounts for 40% to 50% of single PUFAs, and even as high as 70% in nerve endings. The content in human plasma is also as high as 400mg/L. As an essential fatty acid in the human body, it has essential biological activities that other substances do not have. All have excellent effects.
  • DHA and ARA are natural components in breast milk, and their content is between 0.06%-1.4% and 0.19%-1.56%, respectively.
  • DHA and ARA exist in the form of triglycerides and phospholipids in breast milk, of which triglycerides are the main form accounting for 98%, phospholipids account for 1%, and 1% are non-saponified lipids, while infants absorb DHA. and ARA mainly in glycerides.
  • the existing methods of supplementing DHA and ARA for children on the market are mainly through external addition of DHA oil and ARA oil or oil microcapsule powder to achieve the inclusion of DHA and ARA in products, especially milk products for infants and children.
  • Patent CN110100959A uses sodium caseinate, whey powder and modified starch as film-forming agents, and maltodextrin and glucose as fillers to homogeneously spray 40% DHA oil or ARA oil, and further use shellac, Acrylic resin No. II, etc. are rumen protective agents for secondary fluidized bed coating to obtain unsaturated fatty acid powder.
  • the maximum content of unsaturated fatty acids in milk is 19.1 mg/100ml, but the patent does not specify unsaturated fatty acids.
  • DHA or ARA content of the powder adopts preparation techniques such as thalline, secondary coating of wall-breaking thalli, and secondary coating of oil homogeneous spray to obtain the product of feeding dairy cows enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids such as DHA and ARA, wherein the primary coating mainly adopts alkene.
  • Sodium starch succinate, whey protein and sodium caseinate are the main wall materials, and the secondary coating mainly uses shellac, acrylic resin No.
  • the cellulose solution is passed through the tumor coating solution, and the use of the resin requires the use of an organic solvent such as ethanol to dissolve the resin, which may result in the residue of the organic solvent.
  • an organic solvent such as ethanol
  • the coating wall materials such as food-grade whey powder and sodium caseinate are expensive, which will increase the production cost.
  • n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids are of great significance to the health of cows.
  • 3 fatty acids can reduce the synthesis of 2-line prostaglandins in early pregnancy, reduce embryo loss and improve pregnancy rate.
  • it is particularly important to increase the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in ruminants.
  • it is beneficial to promote the enrichment of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in milk and improve the conversion rate of polyunsaturated fatty acids in ruminant milk.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide ruminant with a compounded rumen high conversion rate polyunsaturated fatty acid powder capable of increasing the content of ruminant milk fat and polyunsaturated fatty acids such as DHA and ARA in ruminant milk and its preparation and application.
  • the compound high conversion rate rumen-passing polyunsaturated fatty acid powder provided by the present invention is prepared by a method comprising the following steps:
  • the core pellets are coated with the packaging material solution, and the first layer of rumen-passing coating is formed on the surface of the particles;
  • the DHA oil source is fish oil, Nannochloropsis algae, Schizochytrium algae oil, Cryptodinoflagellate algae oil, Urchinella algae oil and other animal and plant-derived oils and fats;
  • the ARA oil source is the oil and fat from animals and plants such as mold, Porphyra, Chlorella, etc.;
  • the oil-soluble antioxidant system mainly plays a protective role in the processing of unsaturated fatty acids, and specifically can be a mixture of one or more of natural mixed tocopherols, lecithin, rosemary, and ascorbyl palmitate;
  • the oil-soluble antioxidant system accounts for 0.1-0.2% of the total weight of DHA grease and ARA grease, specifically 0.125% or 0.188%;
  • the dissolving and mixing are carried out at room temperature;
  • the vacuum degree may specifically be -0.06MPa ⁇ -0.1MPa
  • the adsorbent includes zeolite powder, attapulgite, sepiolite, diatomaceous earth, activated carbon, white carbon black, vermiculite, montmorillonite powder, bentonite, activated carbon, corncob powder, cornstarch, soybean fine powder, wheat germ powder , a mixture of one or more of bran, chaff bran, defatted rice bran and alfalfa meal;
  • the ratio of the weight of the adsorbent to the total weight of grease can be 0.6:1 to 1:1, specifically 0.8:1 or 0.7:1 or 0.9:1;
  • the adsorption time can be 0.5-3.0h;
  • the water-soluble antioxidant is mainly to protect the unsaturated fatty acid from being oxidized in the ruminant, and to promote its transformation in the ruminant at the same time, and specifically can be sodium D-isoascorbate, ascorbic acid, water-soluble mixed tocopherol. Mixture of one or more of powder, rosemary powder, lecithin powder;
  • the enzymes that promote better digestion and absorption of unsaturated fatty acids in ruminants can be specifically cellulase, xylanase, ⁇ -glucanase, ⁇ -mannanase, neutral protease, pectinase a mixture of one or more of;
  • the water-soluble antioxidant accounts for 0.5-1.0% of the total weight of the mixed oil, specifically 0.5% or 0.75% or 0.91%;
  • the enzymes that promote the digestion and absorption of unsaturated fatty acids account for 1-3% of the total weight of the mixed oil, specifically 2.3% or 1.23% or 2.5%;
  • the enzymatic activity of the enzyme that promotes the digestion and absorption of unsaturated fatty acids is 2000U/g-100000U/g;
  • the binder comprises a mixture of one or more of gum arabic, xanthan gum, gelatin, algin, pectin, dextrin, flour, pregelatinized starch, and gluten;
  • the binder is added in the form of a solution, and the mass concentration of the binder solution can be 1.0-10%;
  • the binder solution accounts for 1.0-10% of the total weight of the mixed powder
  • the granulation is realized by a rocking granulator
  • the drying can be achieved by mixing one or more of a rounder, a fluidized bed, Jiaolong heating, heating rotary instruments, etc.;
  • the solute in the packaging material solution may be a mixture of one or more of carrageenan, locust bean gum, pullulan, sodium alginate, chitosan, seaweed polysaccharide, and hyaluronic acid , the solvent is water;
  • the mass concentration of the solute in the packaging material solution may be 1-5%; the coating weight may be 10-20% of the weight of the core pellet;
  • the coating is in a coating machine dosage form
  • the coating process conditions of the coating machine are as follows: the heating and drying temperature is 40-90 °C;
  • the outer coating wall material can be hydrogenated palm fatty acid, fatty alcohol, monoglyceride, diglyceride, sorbitol palmitate, hydrogenated stearic acid, stearin powder, palm fat powder. a variety of mixtures;
  • the temperature of the cold spray can be 0-50°C; the dosage of the outer layer coating wall material is 30-50% of the weight of the core pellet after the first layer of rumen coating.
  • the compounded rumen polyunsaturated fatty acid powder prepared by the above method also belongs to the protection scope of the present invention.
  • the present invention also provides a method for increasing the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in ruminant milk.
  • the method for increasing the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in ruminant milk is as follows: adding the above compounded rumen polyunsaturated fatty acid powder to the ruminant diet to feed the ruminants.
  • the daily addition amount is 200 ⁇ 500g/head of cattle; specifically, it may be 250g/head of cattle per day;
  • the addition method is mainly to add compound polyunsaturated fatty acid powder into the diet to make TMR diet, and feed it in the morning and evening according to the specific conditions of the pasture every day.
  • the dairy cows are fed with the ration added with the above compounded rumen polyunsaturated fatty acid powder to generate milk rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, and the milk can be processed into different dairy products;
  • the dairy products include pure milk, yogurt, nutritional Shuhua milk, milk powder and the like.
  • the rumen polyunsaturated fatty acid powders are prepared in different ratios, and its DHA and ARA are respectively as follows:
  • the amount of 250g/head of cattle per day was added to the ration to make TMR ration, which was fed in the morning and evening according to the specific conditions of the pasture.
  • the milk produced after the feeding contains polyunsaturated fatty acids, and the specific content is as follows (unit mg/100ml):
  • the polyunsaturated fatty acid fatty acid oil is adsorbed by an adsorbent, and water-soluble antioxidants and enzymes for promoting digestion and absorption are compounded to form mixed powder; colloid or flour is used to mix and granulate the mixed powder, and the The polysaccharide is subjected to one layer of fixed coating; the one layer of coated granules is rumen-coated with fat powder or mono- and diglycerides using a coating machine.
  • the polyunsaturated fatty acid particles formed by this method can effectively protect polyunsaturated fatty acids and avoid the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid oils; at the same time, the compounding of ARA and DHA in a certain proportion can effectively promote n-3 and n-6 Transformation and accumulation of fatty acids in ruminants.
  • ARA and DHA in a certain proportion can effectively promote n-3 and n-6 Transformation and accumulation of fatty acids in ruminants.
  • the present invention can increase the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in ruminant milk, because n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids can effectively promote each other within a certain proportion range to improve the conversion rate of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
  • the invention utilizes an adsorbent to simultaneously adsorb high-content DHA and ARA, and after the adsorption is completed, an appropriate amount of enzymes are added to mix evenly, an adhesive is used for bonding and granulation, a layer of polysaccharide is used for fixation by a layer of coating, and finally fat powder is used to pass through the rumen.
  • the coating of ruminant high-transformed polyunsaturated fatty acid powder can increase the content of ruminant milk fat and polyunsaturated fatty acids such as DHA and ARA in milk.
  • the invention effectively avoids the use of food-grade whey powder, sodium caseinate and other expensive coating wall materials, avoids the use of organic solvents such as ethanol to dissolve the resin, effectively reduces the production cost, shortens the production process, and the conversion rate of polyunsaturated fatty acids. , laying the foundation for industrial production.
  • the purpose of the invention is to provide a kind of n-3 and n-6 compound rumen-passing polyunsaturated fatty acid powder for ruminants, in a certain ratio of n-3 and n-6, the two can promote each other in ruminant milk It can improve the conversion rate of polyunsaturated fatty acids, and provide an industrialized method for raw milk with high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
  • the coated core pellets are mixed with the dissolved outer coating wall material, and then enter the cold spray drying equipment to be shaped into fixed granules to form the finished product polyunsaturated fatty acid powder;
  • the polyunsaturated fatty acid powder is added in an appropriate amount to the polyunsaturated fatty acids in the ruminant-enriched milk fed in the diet;
  • Milk rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids can be used to process different dairy products.
  • the vacuum degree is -0.08MPa, inhale the oil and spray it on the bran of 80kg, vacuum adsorption for 30min;
  • the particles enter a coating machine with a temperature of 70 °C, and use 360 kg of chitosan solution with a concentration of 5% for coating and drying;
  • the feeding cows are sampled to detect DHA, milk fat and other indicators in the milk 7 days, 14 days, 21 days and 28 days after feeding;
  • the obtained milk rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids DHA and ARA can be used for the production of pure milk, milk powder, yogurt, Shuhua milk and other dairy milk powder after technological processing.
  • the vacuum degree is -0.08MPa, inhale the oil and spray it on 70kg corncob powder, vacuum adsorption for 90min;
  • the particles enter a coating machine with a temperature of 80°C, and use a chitosan solution with a concentration of 450kg and a concentration of 4% for coating and drying;
  • the feeding cows are sampled to detect DHA, milk fat and other indicators in the milk 7 days, 14 days, 21 days and 28 days after feeding;
  • the obtained milk rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids DHA and ARA can be used for the production of pure milk, milk powder, yogurt, Shuhua milk and other dairy milk powder after technological processing.
  • the vacuum degree is -0.1MPa, inhale the oil and spray it on 90kg of wheat germ powder, and vacuum adsorption for 160min;
  • the particles enter a coating machine with a temperature of 90 °C, and use 400 kg of chitosan solution with a concentration of 5% for coating and drying;
  • the feeding cows are sampled to detect DHA, milk fat and other indicators in the milk 7 days, 14 days, 21 days and 28 days after feeding;
  • the obtained milk rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids DHA and ARA can be used for the production of pure milk, milk powder, yogurt, Shuhua milk and other dairy milk powder after technological processing.
  • DHA oil 100kg, add oil-soluble antioxidant natural mixed tocopherol 50g, rosemary 40g, lecithin 5g, ascorbyl palmitate 30g, which is 0.125% of the total oil weight; emulsification and mix evenly;
  • the vacuum degree is -0.08MPa, inhale the oil and spray it on the bran of 80kg, vacuum adsorption for 30min;
  • the particles enter a coating machine with a temperature of 70 °C, and use 360 kg of chitosan solution with a concentration of 5% for coating and drying;
  • the feeding cows are sampled to detect DHA, milk fat and other indicators in the milk 7 days, 14 days, 21 days and 28 days after feeding;
  • the obtained milk rich in polyunsaturated fatty acid DHA can be used for the production of pure milk, milk powder, yogurt, Shuhua milk and other dairy milk powder after technological processing.
  • ARA oil 100kg, add oil-soluble antioxidant natural mixed tocopherol 50g, rosemary 40g, lecithin 5g, ascorbyl palmitate 30g, which is 0.125% of the total oil weight; emulsify and mix evenly;
  • the vacuum degree is -0.08MPa, inhale the oil and spray it on 70kg corncob powder, vacuum adsorption for 90min;
  • the particles enter a coating machine with a temperature of 80°C, and use a chitosan solution with a concentration of 450kg and a concentration of 4% for coating and drying;
  • the feeding cows were sampled 7 days, 14 days, 21 days and 28 days after feeding to detect DHA, ARA milk fat and other indicators in milk;
  • the obtained milk rich in polyunsaturated fatty acid ARA can be used for the production of pure milk, milk powder, yogurt, Shuhua milk and other dairy milk powder after technological processing.
  • the vacuum degree is -0.08MPa, inhale the oil and spray it on the bran of 80kg, vacuum adsorption for 30min;
  • the particles enter a coating machine with a temperature of 70 °C, and use 360 kg of chitosan solution with a concentration of 5% for coating and drying;
  • the feeding cows are sampled to detect DHA, milk fat and other indicators in the milk 7 days, 14 days, 21 days and 28 days after feeding;
  • the obtained milk rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids DHA and ARA can be used for the production of pure milk, milk powder, yogurt, Shuhua milk and other dairy milk powder after technological processing.
  • the vacuum degree is -0.08MPa, inhale the oil and spray it on 70kg corncob powder, vacuum adsorption for 90min;
  • the particles enter a coating machine with a temperature of 80°C, and use a chitosan solution with a concentration of 450kg and a concentration of 4% for coating and drying;
  • the feeding cows are sampled to detect DHA, milk fat and other indicators in the milk 7 days, 14 days, 21 days and 28 days after feeding;
  • the obtained milk rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids DHA and ARA can be used for the production of pure milk, milk powder, yogurt, Shuhua milk and other dairy milk powder after technological processing.
  • the rumen-passing polyunsaturated fatty acid powders with DHA:ARA mass ratios of 2:1 and 1:2 were prepared respectively, and the amount of 250g/head of cattle was added to the diet to make TMR diets.
  • the specific method as follows:
  • Milk sample collection standards At the beginning of feeding, the milk samples of each cow were collected at the ratio of 4:3:3 in the morning, noon and evening every 7 days for the detection of milk milk components and polyunsaturated fatty acids.
  • the milk produced after the feeding contains polyunsaturated fatty acids, and the specific content is as follows (unit mg/100ml):
  • the present invention can increase the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in ruminant milk, because n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids can effectively promote each other within a certain proportion range to improve the conversion rate of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
  • the invention utilizes an adsorbent to simultaneously adsorb high-content DHA and ARA, and after the adsorption is completed, an appropriate amount of enzymes are added to mix evenly, an adhesive is used for bonding and granulation, a layer of polysaccharide is used for fixation by a layer of coating, and finally fat powder is used to pass through the rumen.
  • the coating of ruminant high-transformed polyunsaturated fatty acid powder can increase the content of ruminant milk fat and polyunsaturated fatty acids such as DHA and ARA in milk.
  • the invention effectively avoids the use of food-grade whey powder, sodium caseinate and other expensive coating wall materials, avoids the use of organic solvents such as ethanol to dissolve the resin, effectively reduces the production cost, shortens the production process, and the conversion rate of polyunsaturated fatty acids. , laying the foundation for industrial production.
  • the present invention can increase the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in ruminant milk, because n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids can effectively promote each other within a certain proportion range to improve the conversion rate of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
  • the invention utilizes an adsorbent to simultaneously adsorb high-content DHA and ARA, and after the adsorption is completed, an appropriate amount of enzymes are added to mix evenly, an adhesive is used for bonding and granulation, a layer of polysaccharide is used for fixation by a layer of coating, and finally fat powder is used to pass through the rumen.
  • the coating of ruminant high-transformed polyunsaturated fatty acid powder can increase the content of ruminant milk fat and polyunsaturated fatty acids such as DHA and ARA in milk.
  • the invention effectively avoids the use of food-grade whey powder, sodium caseinate and other expensive coating wall materials, avoids the use of organic solvents such as ethanol to dissolve the resin, effectively reduces the production cost, shortens the production process, and the conversion rate of polyunsaturated fatty acids. , laying the foundation for industrial production.

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Abstract

一种复配高转化率过瘤胃多不饱和脂肪酸粉的制备及其应用。在真空条件下，通过吸附剂吸附多不饱和脂肪酸油脂，并复配水溶性抗氧化剂和促进消化吸收的酶形成混合粉；利用胶体或面粉对混合粉进行混匀制粒，并利用多糖进行一层固定包衣；一层包衣颗粒使用包衣机利用脂肪粉或单、双甘酯进行过瘤胃包衣。

Description

一种复配过瘤胃多不饱和脂肪酸粉的制备及其应用 技术领域
本发明涉及多不饱和脂肪酸油脂的包被和食品、饲料领域，具体涉及按照一定的比例进行复配n-3和n-6多不饱和脂肪酸，通过二次过瘤胃的包被形成可以提高多不饱和脂肪酸在反刍动物奶中转化率的过瘤胃多不饱和脂肪粉的制备及其应用。
背景技术
多不饱和脂肪酸属于必须脂肪酸，是脂质介质的前体，在细胞膜的结构和功能中起重要作用，其对大脑发育和视力的发展和神经发育、心脑血管的健康起至关重要的作用。通常分为omega－3和omega－6，其中n-6多不饱和脂肪酸主要包括亚油酸、二十碳四烯酸(ARA)等，n-3多不饱和脂肪酸主要包括亚麻酸、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)等。DHA具有促进神经系统发育，健脑益智、促进视觉神经系统发育，保护视力、改善细胞膜功能的营养作用，对机体的免疫消炎方面也存在积极的作用，有利于增强体质。ARA是人体中含量最高、分布最广的一种多不饱和脂肪酸，尤其在脑和神经组织中，ARA的含量一般占单PUFAs的40％～50％，在神经末梢甚至高达70％，在正常人的血浆中的含量也高达400mg/L。作为人体必需脂肪酸，它具有其他物质所不具备的生命体必需的生物活性，对降低心脏病发病率、死亡率、癌的防治、缓解精神分裂症、抗炎，特别对婴幼儿智力发育和视网膜都有极好的作用。DHA和ARA作为母乳中的天然成分，其含量分别在0.06％-1.4％和0.19％-1.56％之间。朱敏等报道DHA和ARA在母乳中以甘油三酯和磷脂的形式存在，其中甘油三酯是主要的形式占98％，磷脂占1％，还有1％是非皂化脂类，而婴儿吸收的DHA和ARA主要在甘油酯中。现有市面上针对儿童补充DHA和ARA的方式，主要是通过外添加DHA油和ARA油或是油微胶囊粉来实现产品中含有DHA和ARA，特别是婴幼儿和儿童奶制品。近几年开始出现使用裂壶藻或是其制品养殖奶牛来获得原生DHA牛奶或是原生ARA牛奶，如专利ZL201010281458.0采用DHA含量为10％的包被裂壶藻粉进行饲喂奶牛21天后牛奶中DHA含量为197.16mg/L；专利CN109082381A通过裂壶藻发酵配方的调整，一步发酵生产高蛋白过瘤胃DHA含量为20％的裂壶藻粉，饲喂75天后，散养组牛奶DHA含量25.5mg/100g，圈养组28.5mg/100g；专利CN110800871A通过裂壶藻发酵后直接饲喂，在饲喂30天后获得牛奶中的DHA含量为227mg/L(即是22.7mg/100g)；专利CN110074256A以均质机或是砂磨机破壁被孢霉、裂殖壶菌等真菌湿菌体，通过酪蛋白酸钠、葡萄糖浆等为壁材一次包被菌体，同 时采用虫胶、丙烯酸树脂Ⅱ号等为过瘤胃保护剂进行二次流化床包衣，所得的菌粉进行奶牛饲喂，牛奶中DHA含量最高22.3mg/100ml或是ARA含量最高为28.9mg/100ml但专利中并未明确菌粉中DHA或是ARA的含量；专利CN1110111621A采用酶对裂壶藻进行破壁处理后，利用辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠、乳清蛋白和酪蛋白酸钠等为主壁材进行一次包被干燥，采用乙醇溶解的聚丙烯酸树脂和乙基纤维素溶液进行二次包衣，所得的菌粉(DHA含量为13～17％)进行奶牛饲喂，牛奶中DHA含量最高34.23mg/100g；专利CN110100959A采用酪蛋白酸钠、乳清粉和变性淀粉等为成膜剂，麦芽糊精和葡萄糖等为填充剂对40％的DHA油或是ARA油进行均质喷雾后，进一步采用虫胶、丙烯酸树脂Ⅱ号等为过瘤胃保护剂进行二次流化床包衣获得不饱和脂肪酸粉，饲喂奶牛后获得牛奶中不饱和脂肪酸最高含量为19.1mg/100ml但专利中并未明确不饱和脂肪酸粉的DHA或是ARA的含量。上述专利采用菌体、二次包被破壁菌体、油脂均质喷雾二次包被等制备工艺获得饲喂奶牛富集多不饱和脂肪酸如DHA和ARA的产品，其中一次包被主要采用烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠、乳清蛋白和酪蛋白酸钠等为主壁材，二次包衣主要采用虫胶、丙烯酸树脂Ⅱ号等为过瘤胃保护剂或是乙醇溶解的聚丙烯酸树脂和乙基纤维素溶液过瘤包被液，使用树脂需要使用有机溶剂如乙醇进行树脂的溶解可能会导致有机溶剂的残留。而且食品级乳清粉、酪蛋白酸钠等包被壁材价格昂贵，会增加生产成本。
王永康等研究表明n-3和n-6多不饱和脂肪酸对母牛健康有重要意义，n-6脂肪酸是2系前列腺素的前体，有利于母牛较快发情和再次配种，而n-3脂肪酸在母牛怀孕初期可以降低2系前列腺素的合成，减少胚胎损失并可提高妊娠率。为提高反刍动物母体健康，提高多不饱和脂肪酸在反刍动物体内的含量尤为重要。同时有利于促使牛奶中富含n-3和n-6多不饱和脂肪酸，提高多不饱和脂肪酸在反刍动物奶中的转化率。
发明公开
本发明目的在于为反刍动物提供一种能够提高反刍动物乳脂和奶中多不饱和脂肪酸如DHA和ARA含量的复配过瘤胃高转化率多不饱和脂肪酸粉及其制备与应用。
本发明所提供的复配高转化率过瘤胃多不饱和脂肪酸粉通过包括如下步骤的方法制备得到：
1)将DHA油脂、ARA油脂和油溶性抗氧化体系溶解混匀，得到混合油脂；
2)在真空条件下，将混合油脂喷入吸附剂中吸附；
3)待完全吸附后，加入水溶性抗氧化剂和促进不饱和脂肪酸消化吸收的酶，混合 均匀，形成混合粉末；
4)在混合粉末中添加粘合剂进行粘合，制粒后干燥，得到核丸；
5)将核丸使用包材溶液进行包衣，在颗粒表面形成第一层过瘤胃包衣；
6)将包衣后的核丸与溶解的外层包衣壁材混匀，冷喷，干燥，定型成固定颗粒，得到成品复配过瘤胃多不饱和脂肪酸粉。
上述方法步骤1)中，按照重量比计，DHA:ARA＝3:1～1:3；
所述DHA油脂来源为鱼油、微绿球藻、裂壶藻藻油、寇氏隐甲藻藻油、吾肯氏藻藻油等动植物来源油脂；
所述ARA油脂来源为霉菌属、紫球藻、小球藻等动植物来源油脂；
所述油溶性抗氧化体系主要在不饱和脂肪酸加工过程起保护作用，具体可为天然混合生育酚、卵磷脂、迷迭香、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯中一种或多种的混合；
所述油溶性抗氧化体系占DHA油脂和ARA油脂总重的0.1～0.2％，具体可为0.125％或0.188％；
所述溶解混匀在室温下进行；
步骤2)中，所述真空度具体可为-0.06MPa～～-0.1MPa；
所述吸附剂包括沸石粉、凹凸棒、海泡石、硅藻土、活性炭、白炭黑、蛭石、蒙脱石粉、膨润土、活性炭、玉米芯粉、玉米淀粉、大豆细粉、小麦胚粉、麸皮、谷壳糠、脱脂米糠和苜蓿粉中的一种或多种的混合；
吸附剂的重量与油脂总重的比例可为0.6：1～1：1，具体可为0.8:1或0.7:1或0.9:1；
所述吸附的时间可为0.5～3.0h；
步骤3)中，所述水溶性抗氧化剂主要为在反刍动物体内保护不饱和脂肪酸不被氧化，同时促进其在反刍动物体内的转化，具体可为D-异抗坏血酸钠、抗坏血酸、水溶混合生育酚粉、迷迭香粉、卵磷脂粉的一种或多种的混合；
所述促进不饱和脂肪酸在反刍动物体内更好消化吸收的酶，具体可为纤维素酶、木聚糖酶、β-葡聚糖酶、β-甘露聚糖酶、中性蛋白酶、果胶酶中的一种或多种的混合；
水溶性抗氧化剂占混合油脂总重的0.5～1.0％，具体可为0.5％或0.75％或0.91％；
所述促进不饱和脂肪酸消化吸收的酶占混合油脂总重的1～3％，具体可为2.3％或1.23％或2.5％；
所述促进不饱和脂肪酸消化吸收的酶的酶活为2000U/g-100000U/g；
步骤4)中，所述粘合剂包括阿拉伯胶、黄原胶、明胶、褐藻胶、果胶、糊精、 面粉、预糊化淀粉、面筋中的一种或多种的混合；
所述粘合剂以溶液形式加入，所述粘合剂溶液的质量浓度可为1.0-10％；
所述粘合剂溶液占混合粉末总重量的1.0～10％；
所述制粒通过摇摆颗粒机实现；
所述干燥可通过抛圆机、流化床、蛟龙加热、加热旋转仪器等中的一种或是多种的混合实现；
步骤5)中，所述包材溶液中的溶质可为卡拉胶、刺槐豆胶、普鲁兰多糖、海藻酸钠、壳聚糖、海藻多糖、透明质酸中的一种或多种的混合物，溶剂为水；
所述包材溶液中溶质的质量浓度可为1～5％；包衣重量可为核丸重量的10～20％；
所述包衣在包衣机中剂型；
所述包衣机包被工艺条件为：加热干燥温度为40～90℃；
步骤6)中，所述外层包衣壁材可为氢化棕榈脂肪酸、脂肪醇、单甘酯、甘油二酯、山梨醇棕榈酸酯、氢化硬脂酸、硬脂脂肪粉、棕榈脂肪粉中的一种多种的混合；
所述冷喷的温度可为0～50℃；外层包衣壁材的用量为第一层过瘤胃包衣后的核丸重量的30～50％。
由上述方法制备得到的复配过瘤胃多不饱和脂肪酸粉也属于本发明的保护范围。
本发明还提供一种提高反刍动物奶中多不饱和脂肪酸的含量的方法。
本发明所提供的提高反刍动物奶中多不饱和脂肪酸的含量的方法，为：将上述复配过瘤胃多不饱和脂肪酸粉添加于反刍动物日粮中饲喂反刍动物，即可。
上述方法中，每天的添加量为200～500g/头牛；具体可为每天250g/头牛；
添加方法主要是将复方多不饱和脂肪酸粉添加到日粮中制成TMR日粮，每天根据牧场具体情况进行早、晚饲喂。
采用添加有上述复配过瘤胃多不饱和脂肪酸粉的日粮饲喂奶牛，生成富含多不饱和脂肪酸的牛奶，所述牛奶可加工成不同的奶制品；
所述奶制品包括纯牛奶、酸奶、营养舒化奶、奶粉等。
所述不同比例制备过瘤胃多不饱和脂肪酸粉，其DHA和ARA分别如下：
产品系列 DHA:ARA DHA含量％ ARA％
产品Ⅰ类 3：1 17 5
产品Ⅱ类 2：1 15 7
产品Ⅲ类 1：1 11 11
产品Ⅳ类 1：2 7 15
产品Ⅴ类 1：3 5 17
以每天250g/头牛的量添加到日粮中制成TMR日粮，每天根据牧场具体情况进行早、晚饲喂。
所述饲喂后产出的牛奶中含有多不饱和脂肪酸，具体含量如下(单位mg/100ml)：
奶中DHA和ARA的含量(单位mg/100ml)
Figure PCTCN2021113654-appb-000001
奶中乳脂和产奶量指标
Figure PCTCN2021113654-appb-000002
本发明在真空条件下，通过吸附剂吸附多不饱和脂肪酸脂肪酸油脂，并复配水溶性抗氧化剂和促进消化吸收的酶形成混合粉；利用胶体或是面粉对混合粉进行混匀制粒，并利用多糖进行一层固定包衣；一层包衣颗粒使用包衣机利用脂肪粉或单、双甘酯进行过瘤胃包衣。通过该方法形成的多不饱和脂肪酸颗粒可以有效保护多不饱和脂肪酸，避免多不饱和脂肪酸油脂的氧化；同时在ARA与DHA的一定比例的复配，可以有效的促进n-3和n-6脂肪酸在反刍动物体内的转化和累积。实现提高反刍动物奶中多不饱和脂肪酸的含量，确保奶中乳脂含量和产奶量不下降，为原生多不饱和脂肪酸奶提供产业化基础。
本发明能提高反刍动物奶中多不饱和脂肪酸的含量，由于n-3和n-6多不饱和脂肪酸在一定比例范围内能够有效相互促进作用提高多不饱和脂肪酸脂肪酸的转化率。本发明利用吸附剂同时吸附高含量DHA和ARA，吸附结束后添加适量适合的酶混匀，使用粘合剂进行粘合制粒，以多糖进行一层包衣固定，最后利用脂肪粉进行过瘤胃的包被，获得提高反刍动物乳脂和奶中多不饱和脂肪酸如DHA和ARA含量的过瘤胃高转化率多不饱和脂肪酸粉。该发明有效的避免使用食品级乳清粉、酪蛋白酸钠等价格昂贵包被壁材，避免使用有机溶剂如乙醇进行树脂的溶解，有效降低生产成本缩短生产工艺，多不饱和脂肪酸的转化率，为工业化生产奠定基础。
实施发明的最佳方式
下述实施例中的实验方法，如无特别说明，均为常规方法
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明，但不以任何方式对本发明加以限制，基于本发明教导所做的任何变更或改进，均属于本发明的保护范围。
本发明目的在于为反刍动物提供一种n-3和n-6复配的过瘤胃多不饱和脂肪酸粉，在一定n-3和n-6比例中，二者可以相互促进在反刍动物奶中的转化，提高多不饱和脂肪酸的转化率，为高含量的多不饱和脂肪酸原生奶提供产业化方法。
所说的具体内容如下：
1)按照DHA和ARA含量计，以DHA含量:ARA含量＝3:1～1:3比例将DHA油脂、ARA油脂和油溶性抗氧化体系在常温下完全溶解混合均匀；油溶性抗氧化体系占油重的0.1～0.2％；
2)在真空条件下，将混合油脂喷入吸附剂(吸附剂：油重＝0.6：1～1：1)中，吸附0.5～3.0h；
3)待完全吸附后，加入水溶性抗氧化剂和促进消化吸收的酶混合均匀，形成混合粉末；其中水溶抗氧化剂为油重的0.5～1.0％，酶混合物为油重的1～3％；
4)在混合粉末中添加粉重1.0～10％的粘合剂溶液进行粘合，粘合剂溶质浓度为1％～10％，摇摆颗粒机制粒后干燥；
5)制成核丸在包衣机使用包材溶液进行低温包衣，作为第一层过瘤胃包衣；
6)包衣后的核丸与溶解的外层包衣壁材混匀，进入冷喷干燥设备定型成固定颗粒，形成成品多不饱和脂肪酸粉；
7)多不饱和脂肪酸粉在保持其他日粮不变条件下，适量添加于日粮中饲喂反刍动 物富集奶中的多不饱和脂肪酸；
8)富含多不饱和脂肪酸牛奶可用于加工不同的奶制品。
实施例1、
1、DHA油脂和ARA油脂按照重量比DHA:ARA＝3:1的比例进行混合，获得混合油100kg，加入油溶性抗氧化剂天然混合生育酚50g，迷迭香40g，卵磷脂5g，抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯30g，即是总油重的0.125％；乳化混合均匀；
2、在真空条件下，真空度为-0.08MPa，吸入油脂并喷洒在80kg的麸皮上，真空吸附30min；
3、吸附完全后加入190g的D-异抗坏血酸钠，190g的水溶混合生育酚粉、120g的卵磷脂粉和900g纤维素酶、180gβ-葡聚糖酶、360gβ-甘露聚糖酶、900g中性蛋白酶搅拌混合均匀(酶活28461U/g)；
4、在混合粉末中加入36kg浓度为5％的阿拉伯胶溶液搅拌混合均匀，进入摇摆颗粒机制粒，颗粒进入抛圆机进行抛圆干燥；
5、干燥后颗粒进入温度为70℃包衣机，使用浓度为5％的360kg的壳聚糖溶液进行包被干燥；
6、一层包衣结束后，降低包衣机温度为30℃，使用80kg氢化棕榈脂肪酸进行二层包被；
7、获得经过二次包被后的复配过瘤胃多不饱和脂肪酸粉260kg，其中DHA和ARA含量分别为17％，5％，为产品Ⅰ类；
8、产品Ⅰ类250g/头牛添加到日粮中制成TMR日粮，每天根据牧场具体情况进行早、晚饲喂；
9、饲喂的奶牛在饲喂后7天，14天，21天和28天进行取样检测牛奶中的DHA、乳脂等指标；
10、获得的富含多不饱和脂肪酸DHA和ARA的牛奶经过工艺加工可用于生产纯牛奶、奶粉、酸奶、舒化奶等奶制品奶粉。
实施例2：
1、DHA油脂和ARA油脂按照DHA重量:ARA重量＝1:3的比例进行混合，获得混合油100kg，加入油溶性抗氧化剂天然混合生育酚50g，迷迭香40g，卵磷脂5g，抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯30g，即是总油重的0.125％；乳化混合均匀；
2、在真空条件下，真空度为-0.08MPa，吸入油脂并喷洒在70kg玉米芯粉，真空吸附90min；
3、吸附完全后加入200g的D-异抗坏血酸钠，400g的水溶混合生育酚粉、150g的卵磷脂粉和480g纤维素酶、100gβ-葡聚糖酶、150gβ-甘露聚糖酶、500g中性蛋白酶搅拌混合均匀(酶活29735U/g)；
4、在混合粉末中加入15kg浓度为5％的阿拉伯胶溶液搅拌混合均匀，进入摇摆颗粒机制粒，颗粒进入抛圆机进行抛圆干燥；
5、干燥后颗粒进入温度为80℃包衣机，使用浓度为450kg浓度为4％壳聚糖溶液进行包被干燥；
6、一层包衣结束后，降低包衣机温度为35℃，使用80kg氢化棕榈脂肪酸进行二层包被；
7、获得经过二次包被后的复配过瘤胃多不饱和脂肪酸粉260kg，其中DHA和ARA含量分别为5％，17％，为产品Ⅴ类；
8、产品Ⅴ类250g/天/只添加到日粮中制成TMR日粮，每天根据牧场具体情况进行早、晚饲喂；
9、饲喂的奶牛在饲喂后7天，14天，21天和28天进行取样检测牛奶中的DHA、乳脂等指标；
10、获得的富含多不饱和脂肪酸DHA和ARA的牛奶经过工艺加工可用于生产纯牛奶、奶粉、酸奶、舒化奶等奶制品奶粉。
实施例3、
1、DHA油脂和ARA油脂按照DHA重量:ARA重量＝1:1的比例进行混合，获得混合油100kg，加入油溶性抗氧化剂天然混合生育酚75g，迷迭香60g，卵磷脂8g，抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯45g，即是总油重的0.188％；乳化混合均匀；
2、在真空条件下，真空度为-0.1MPa，吸入油脂并喷洒在90kg的小麦胚粉，真空吸附160min；
3、吸附完全后加入250g的D-异抗坏血酸钠，500g的水溶混合生育酚粉、160g的卵磷脂粉和1000g纤维素酶、200gβ-葡聚糖酶、300gβ-甘露聚糖酶、1000g中性蛋白酶搅拌混合均匀(酶活40600U/g)；
4、在混合粉末中加入10kg浓度为5％的阿拉伯胶溶液搅拌混合均匀，进入摇摆颗粒机制粒，颗粒进入抛圆机进行抛圆干燥；
5、干燥后颗粒进入温度为90℃包衣机，使用浓度为5％的400kg的壳聚糖溶液进行包被干燥；
6、一层包衣结束后，降低包衣机温度为20℃，使用70kg氢化棕榈脂肪酸进行二层包被；
7、获得经过二次包被后的复配过瘤胃多不饱和脂肪酸粉250kg，其中DHA和ARA含量分别为11％，11％，为产品Ⅲ类；
8、产品Ⅲ类250g/天/只添加到日粮中制成TMR日粮，每天根据牧场具体情况进行早、晚饲喂；
9、饲喂的奶牛在饲喂后7天，14天，21天和28天进行取样检测牛奶中的DHA、乳脂等指标；
10、获得的富含多不饱和脂肪酸DHA和ARA的牛奶经过工艺加工可用于生产纯牛奶、奶粉、酸奶、舒化奶等奶制品奶粉。
对比1、
1、DHA油脂100kg，加入油溶性抗氧化剂天然混合生育酚50g，迷迭香40g，卵磷脂5g，抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯30g，即是总油重的0.125％；乳化混合均匀；
2、在真空条件下，真空度为-0.08MPa，吸入油脂并喷洒在80kg的麸皮上，真空吸附30min；
3、吸附完全后加入190g的D-异抗坏血酸钠，190g的水溶混合生育酚粉、120g的卵磷脂粉和900g纤维素酶、180gβ-葡聚糖酶、360gβ-甘露聚糖酶、900g中性蛋白酶搅拌混合均匀(酶活28461U/g)；
4、在混合粉末中加入36kg 5％的阿拉伯胶溶液搅拌混合均匀，进入摇摆颗粒机制粒，颗粒进入抛圆机进行抛圆干燥；
5、干燥后颗粒进入温度为70℃包衣机，使用浓度为5％的360kg的壳聚糖溶液进行包被干燥；
6、一层包衣结束后，降低包衣机温度为30℃，使用80kg氢化棕榈脂肪酸进行二层包被；
7、获得经过二次包被后的复配过瘤胃多不饱和脂肪酸粉260kg，DHA含量为17％，为产品Ⅵ类；
8、产品Ⅵ类250g/头牛添加到日粮中制成TMR日粮，每天根据牧场具体情况进行早、晚饲喂；
9、饲喂的奶牛在饲喂后7天，14天，21天和28天进行取样检测牛奶中的DHA、乳脂等指标；
10、获得的富含多不饱和脂肪酸DHA的牛奶经过工艺加工可用于生产纯牛奶、奶粉、酸奶、舒化奶等奶制品奶粉。
对比2：
1、ARA油脂100kg，加入油溶性抗氧化剂天然混合生育酚50g，迷迭香40g，卵磷脂5g，抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯30g，即是总油重的0.125％；乳化混合均匀；
2、在真空条件下，真空度为-0.08MPa，吸入油脂并喷洒在70kg玉米芯粉，真空吸附90min；
3、吸附完全后加入200g的D-异抗坏血酸钠，400g的水溶混合生育酚粉、150g的卵磷脂粉和480g纤维素酶、100gβ-葡聚糖酶、150gβ-甘露聚糖酶、500g中性蛋白酶搅拌混合均匀(酶活29735U/g)；
4、在混合粉末中加入15kg浓度为5％的阿拉伯胶溶液搅拌混合均匀，进入摇摆颗粒机制粒，颗粒进入抛圆机进行抛圆干燥；
5、干燥后颗粒进入温度为80℃包衣机，使用浓度为450kg浓度为4％壳聚糖溶液进行包被干燥；
6、一层包衣结束后，降低包衣机温度为35℃，使用80kg氢化棕榈脂肪酸进行二层包被；
7、获得经过二次包被后的复配过瘤胃多不饱和脂肪酸粉260kg，ARA含量为17％，为产品Ⅶ类；
8、产品Ⅶ类250g/天/只添加到日粮中制成TMR日粮，每天根据牧场具体情况进行早、晚饲喂；
9、饲喂的奶牛在饲喂后7天，14天，21天和28天进行取样检测牛奶中的DHA、ARA乳脂等指标；
10、获得的富含多不饱和脂肪酸ARA的牛奶经过工艺加工可用于生产纯牛奶、奶粉、酸奶、舒化奶等奶制品奶粉。
对比3、
1、DHA油脂和ARA油脂按照重量比DHA:ARA＝4:1的比例进行混合，获得混合油100kg，加入油溶性抗氧化剂天然混合生育酚50g，迷迭香40g，卵磷脂5g，抗坏血 酸棕榈酸酯30g，即是总油重的0.125％；乳化混合均匀；
2、在真空条件下，真空度为-0.08MPa，吸入油脂并喷洒在80kg的麸皮上，真空吸附30min；
3、吸附完全后加入190g的D-异抗坏血酸钠，190g的水溶混合生育酚粉、120g的卵磷脂粉和900g纤维素酶、180gβ-葡聚糖酶、360gβ-甘露聚糖酶、900g中性蛋白酶搅拌混合均匀(酶活28461U/g)；
4、在混合粉末中加入36kg浓度为5％的阿拉伯胶溶液搅拌混合均匀，进入摇摆颗粒机制粒，颗粒进入抛圆机进行抛圆干燥；
5、干燥后颗粒进入温度为70℃包衣机，使用浓度为5％的360kg的壳聚糖溶液进行包被干燥；
6、一层包衣结束后，降低包衣机温度为30℃，使用80kg氢化棕榈脂肪酸进行二层包被；
7、获得经过二次包被后的复配过瘤胃多不饱和脂肪酸粉260kg，其中DHA和ARA含量分别为18％，4％，为产品Ⅷ类；
8、产品Ⅷ类250g/头牛添加到日粮中制成TMR日粮，每天根据牧场具体情况进行早、晚饲喂；
9、饲喂的奶牛在饲喂后7天，14天，21天和28天进行取样检测牛奶中的DHA、乳脂等指标；
10、获得的富含多不饱和脂肪酸DHA和ARA的牛奶经过工艺加工可用于生产纯牛奶、奶粉、酸奶、舒化奶等奶制品奶粉。
对比4：
1、DHA油脂和ARA油脂按照DHA重量:ARA重量＝1:4的比例进行混合，获得混合油100kg，加入油溶性抗氧化剂天然混合生育酚50g，迷迭香40g，卵磷脂5g，抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯30g，即是总油重的0.125％；乳化混合均匀；
2、在真空条件下，真空度为-0.08MPa，吸入油脂并喷洒在70kg玉米芯粉，真空吸附90min；
3、吸附完全后加入200g的D-异抗坏血酸钠，400g的水溶混合生育酚粉、150g的卵磷脂粉和480g纤维素酶、100gβ-葡聚糖酶、150gβ-甘露聚糖酶、500g中性蛋白酶搅拌混合均匀(酶活29735U/g)；
4、在混合粉末中加入15kg浓度为5％的阿拉伯胶溶液搅拌混合均匀，进入摇摆 颗粒机制粒，颗粒进入抛圆机进行抛圆干燥；
5、干燥后颗粒进入温度为80℃包衣机，使用浓度为450kg浓度为4％壳聚糖溶液进行包被干燥；
6、一层包衣结束后，降低包衣机温度为35℃，使用80kg氢化棕榈脂肪酸进行二层包被；
7、获得经过二次包被后的复配过瘤胃多不饱和脂肪酸粉260kg，其中DHA和ARA含量分别为4％，18％，为产品Ⅸ类；
8、产品Ⅸ类250g/天/只添加到日粮中制成TMR日粮，每天根据牧场具体情况进行早、晚饲喂；
9、饲喂的奶牛在饲喂后7天，14天，21天和28天进行取样检测牛奶中的DHA、乳脂等指标；
10、获得的富含多不饱和脂肪酸DHA和ARA的牛奶经过工艺加工可用于生产纯牛奶、奶粉、酸奶、舒化奶等奶制品奶粉。
参照实施例1分别再制备DHA:ARA质量比为2：1、1：2的过瘤胃多不饱和脂肪酸粉，以每天250g/头牛的量添加到日粮中制成TMR日粮，具体方法如下：
1、基础日粮：精饲料+粗饲料(每天保持牛场原来的饲养状况：精料10kg，30kg粗料为苜蓿、燕麦、青贮玉米等常规饲料原料)。
2、奶牛选择
选取体重在650kg左右，体况相近、平均泌乳在100天左右的健康奶牛。
3、饲喂期
整个喂养期内，根据牧场每天早、中、晚喂料，将本发明饲料250g添加到基础日粮中制成TMR日粮；
4、奶样采集
奶样采集标准：喂养开始时每隔7天按早、中、晚4:3:3的比例收集每头牛的奶样进行牛奶乳成分和多不饱和脂肪酸检测。
所述饲喂后产出的牛奶中含有多不饱和脂肪酸，具体含量如下(单位mg/100ml)：
奶中DHA和ARA的含量(单位mg/100ml)
Figure PCTCN2021113654-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2021113654-appb-000004
奶中乳脂和产奶量指标
Figure PCTCN2021113654-appb-000005
本发明能提高反刍动物奶中多不饱和脂肪酸的含量，由于n-3和n-6多不饱和脂肪酸在一定比例范围内能够有效相互促进作用提高多不饱和脂肪酸脂肪酸的转化率。本发明利用吸附剂同时吸附高含量DHA和ARA，吸附结束后添加适量适合的酶混匀，使用粘合剂进行粘合制粒，以多糖进行一层包衣固定，最后利用脂肪粉进行过瘤胃的包被，获得提高反刍动物乳脂和奶中多不饱和脂肪酸如DHA和ARA含量的过瘤胃高转化率多不饱和脂肪酸粉。该发明有效的避免使用食品级乳清粉、酪蛋白酸钠等价格昂贵包被壁材，避免使用有机溶剂如乙醇进行树脂的溶解，有效降低生产成本缩短生 产工艺，多不饱和脂肪酸的转化率，为工业化生产奠定基础。
工业应用
本发明能提高反刍动物奶中多不饱和脂肪酸的含量，由于n-3和n-6多不饱和脂肪酸在一定比例范围内能够有效相互促进作用提高多不饱和脂肪酸脂肪酸的转化率。本发明利用吸附剂同时吸附高含量DHA和ARA，吸附结束后添加适量适合的酶混匀，使用粘合剂进行粘合制粒，以多糖进行一层包衣固定，最后利用脂肪粉进行过瘤胃的包被，获得提高反刍动物乳脂和奶中多不饱和脂肪酸如DHA和ARA含量的过瘤胃高转化率多不饱和脂肪酸粉。该发明有效的避免使用食品级乳清粉、酪蛋白酸钠等价格昂贵包被壁材，避免使用有机溶剂如乙醇进行树脂的溶解，有效降低生产成本缩短生产工艺，多不饱和脂肪酸的转化率，为工业化生产奠定基础。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种制备复配过瘤胃多不饱和脂肪酸粉的方法，包括如下步骤：
    1)将DHA油脂、ARA油脂和油溶性抗氧化体系溶解混匀，得到混合油脂；
    2)在真空条件下，将混合油脂喷入吸附剂中吸附；
    3)待完全吸附后，加入水溶性抗氧化剂和促进不饱和脂肪酸消化吸收的酶，混合均匀，形成混合粉末；
    4)将所得混合粉末制成核丸；
    5)将核丸使用包材溶液进行包衣，在颗粒表面形成第一层过瘤胃包衣；
    6)将包衣后的核丸与溶解的外层包衣壁材混匀，冷喷，干燥，定型成固定颗粒，得到成品复配过瘤胃多不饱和脂肪酸粉。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：步骤1)中，按照质量比计，DHA:ARA＝3:1～1:3。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于：
    步骤1)中，所述油溶性抗氧化体系为天然混合生育酚、卵磷脂、迷迭香、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯中一种或多种的混合；
    所述油溶性抗氧化体系占DHA油脂和ARA油脂总重的0.1～0.2％；
    所述溶解混匀在室温下进行。
    步骤2)中，所述真空度为-0.06MPa～～-0.1MPa；
    所述吸附剂包括沸石粉、凹凸棒、海泡石、硅藻土、活性炭、白炭黑、蛭石、蒙脱石粉、膨润土、活性炭、玉米芯粉、玉米淀粉、大豆细粉、小麦胚粉、麸皮、谷壳糠、脱脂米糠和苜蓿粉中的一种或多种的混合；
    吸附剂的重量与油脂总重的比例为0.6：1～1：1；
    所述吸附的时间为0.5～3.0h。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于：步骤3)中，所述水溶性抗氧化剂为D-异抗坏血酸钠、抗坏血酸、水溶混合生育酚粉、迷迭香粉、卵磷脂粉的一种或多种的混合；
    所述促进不饱和脂肪酸消化吸收的酶为纤维素酶、木聚糖酶、β-葡聚糖酶、β-甘露聚糖酶、中性蛋白酶、果胶酶中的一种或多种的混合；
    水溶性抗氧化剂占混合油脂总重的0.5～1.0％；
    所述促进不饱和脂肪酸消化吸收的酶占混合油脂总重的1～3％；
    所述促进不饱和脂肪酸消化吸收的酶的酶活为2000U/g-100000U/g。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于：步骤4)的操作为：在混合粉末中添加粘合剂进行粘合，制粒后干燥，得到核丸；
    所述粘合剂包括阿拉伯胶、黄原胶、明胶、褐藻胶、果胶、糊精、面粉、预糊化淀粉、面筋中的一种或多种的混合；
    所述粘合剂以溶液形式加入，所述粘合剂溶液的质量浓度为1.0-10％；
    所述粘合剂溶液占混合粉末总重量的1.0～10％。
  6. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于：步骤5)中，所述包材溶液中的溶质为卡拉胶、刺槐豆胶、普鲁兰多糖、海藻酸钠、壳聚糖、海藻多糖、透明质酸中的一种或多种的混合物；
    所述包材溶液中溶质的质量浓度为1～5％；包衣重量为核丸重量的10～20％；
    所述包衣的条件为加热干燥温度40～90℃。
  7. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于：步骤6)中，所述外层包衣壁材为氢化棕榈脂肪酸、脂肪醇、单甘酯、甘油二酯、山梨醇棕榈酸酯、氢化硬脂酸、硬脂脂肪粉、棕榈脂肪粉中的一种多种的混合；
    所述冷喷的温度为0～50℃；外层包衣壁材的用量为第一层过瘤胃包衣后的核丸重量的30～50％。
  8. 权利要求1-7中任一项所述的方法制备得到的复配过瘤胃多不饱和脂肪酸粉。
  9. 一种提高反刍动物奶中多不饱和脂肪酸的含量的方法，为：将权利要求8所述的复配过瘤胃多不饱和脂肪酸粉添加于反刍动物日粮中饲喂反刍动物，即可。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于：所述方法中，每天的添加量为200～500g/头牛；
    添加方法为将复方多不饱和脂肪酸粉添加到日粮中制成TMR日粮，早、中、晚饲喂。
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