WO2022042117A1 - 一种钢丝绳预紧装置以及起重机 - Google Patents

一种钢丝绳预紧装置以及起重机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022042117A1
WO2022042117A1 PCT/CN2021/106523 CN2021106523W WO2022042117A1 WO 2022042117 A1 WO2022042117 A1 WO 2022042117A1 CN 2021106523 W CN2021106523 W CN 2021106523W WO 2022042117 A1 WO2022042117 A1 WO 2022042117A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
chain
wire rope
transmission
clamping
drive
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Application number
PCT/CN2021/106523
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
卓鹏
张三民
冯波
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浙江三一装备有限公司
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Application filed by 浙江三一装备有限公司 filed Critical 浙江三一装备有限公司
Publication of WO2022042117A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022042117A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C13/00—Other constructional features or details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D1/00—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
    • B66D1/28—Other constructional details
    • B66D1/36—Guiding, or otherwise ensuring winding in an orderly manner, of ropes, cables, or chains
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D1/00—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
    • B66D1/28—Other constructional details
    • B66D1/40—Control devices
    • B66D1/48—Control devices automatic
    • B66D1/52—Control devices automatic for varying rope or cable tension, e.g. when recovering craft from water

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of crane machinery, and in particular, to a wire rope pretensioning device and a crane.
  • the purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a wire rope pre-tightening device, which can provide a pre-tightening force when the wire rope is retracted, improve the quality of the wire rope, and prolong the service life of the wire rope.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a wire rope pre-tightening device, the wire rope pre-tightening device includes a frame, two chain transmission devices and a driving device, the two chain transmission devices are arranged on the frame side by side, and each chain
  • the transmission device includes a transmission chain, a chain driving wheel and a chain driven wheel, the transmission chain is sleeved on the chain driving wheel and the chain driven wheel, and the chain driving wheel and the chain driven wheel are rotatably arranged on the chain driving wheel and the chain driven wheel.
  • a driving device is arranged on the frame, and is used to apply a reverse torque to each of the chain drive wheels, so that each of the transmission chains generates a preload in a direction opposite to the transmission direction of the transmission chain. force.
  • the wire rope passes between the two chain transmission devices.
  • the two transmission chains of the two chain transmission devices hold the wire rope tightly.
  • the driving device applies a reverse torque to the two chain drive wheels.
  • each transmission chain generates a pre-tightening force in the opposite direction to the transmission direction.
  • the wire rope has a certain pre-tightening force.
  • the direction from the chain drive pulley to the chain driven pulley is the first direction
  • the wire rope retracting direction is the same as the first direction
  • the wire rope retracting direction is the same as the first direction, that is, the wire rope enters the rope from the end of the wire rope pretensioning device close to the chain drive wheel, and exits the wire rope from the end of the wire rope pretensioning device close to the chain driven wheel.
  • the wire rope feeding direction is the same as the first direction, that is, the wire rope enters the rope from the end of the chain driving wheel.
  • the direction of the wire rope is opposite to the wire rope retracting direction.
  • the transmission chain holding the wire rope between the two chain transmission devices is the tight side, which can effectively avoid the accumulation of the chain and prevent the wire rope from being bitten.
  • each of the chain transmission devices further includes a drive shaft rotatably disposed on the frame, and the chain drive wheel is fixedly sleeved on the drive shaft; each of the drive shafts A synchronizing gear is arranged on the shaft, and the two synchronizing gears are meshed synchronously to realize the synchronous transmission of the two transmission chains; the driving device acts on one of the driving shafts in the two chain transmission devices.
  • synchronizing gears are arranged on the two chain transmission devices, on the one hand, the synchronous transmission of the two transmission chains can be realized, and on the other hand, the driving device only needs to act on one driving shaft in the two chain transmission devices, The reverse moment can be generated on the two chain drive wheels, which simplifies the structure of the wire rope pre-tightening device.
  • each of the transmission chains includes a double-row chain and a plurality of clamping blocks
  • the double-row chain includes two chains
  • the two chains are connected by a plurality of pins
  • a plurality of The clamping blocks are correspondingly installed on the plurality of pin shafts, and the two transmission chains cooperate to hold the steel wire rope through the clamping blocks.
  • the double-row chain is used as the transmission chain
  • the clamping block is installed on the pin shaft between the two chains of the double-row chain, so as to avoid the interference of the clamping block with the transmission chain, the chain drive wheel and the chain.
  • the chain drive wheel and the chain driven wheel are each provided with two rows of gears, that is, the chain drive wheel and the chain driven wheel are both double-row sprockets.
  • the wire rope pre-tensioning device further includes a clamping device, which is arranged on the frame, and the clamping device acts on the two transmission chains to make the two transmission chains Hold the wire rope tightly.
  • the clamping device includes: two roller assemblies, two roller sliding plates and a clamping driving device.
  • Two roller assemblies are respectively arranged on the two transmission chains, each roller assembly includes a plurality of rollers, and each roller is mounted on the pin shaft;
  • two roller skateboards are respectively arranged on the two rollers In the area of the movement track of the transmission chain, the length extension direction of each of the roller skateboards is parallel to the first direction, and the rollers on the transmission chain can roll on the corresponding roller skateboards;
  • the clamping drive device is provided On the frame, it is used to drive the two roller skateboards to approach or move away from each other.
  • the clamping drive device drives the two roller slides to approach each other, thereby making the two transmission chains between the two roller slides approach each other to hold the wire rope tightly.
  • a group of roller assemblies are respectively arranged on the two transmission chains, so that the transmission chains can roll on the roller skateboard, so that the transmission chain can still keep driving when being squeezed by the roller skateboard.
  • the clamping driving device includes two sliding devices, a first clamping oil cylinder and a second clamping oil cylinder.
  • Two sliding devices act on the two roller skateboards respectively, each sliding device includes a sliding plate, a first sliding block and a second sliding block, one side of the sliding plate is fixedly connected to the corresponding roller skateboard, and the The first sliding block and the second sliding block are respectively fixedly connected to the two ends of the sliding plate and slidably installed on the frame; the two ends of the first clamping oil cylinder are fixedly connected to the first two sliding devices.
  • a sliding block to drive the two first sliding blocks closer to or away from each other; both ends of the second clamping oil cylinder are fixedly connected to the second sliding blocks of the two sliding devices to drive the two second sliding blocks move closer or farther away from each other.
  • the first clamping oil cylinder and the second clamping oil cylinder drive the two roller slides to approach or move away from each other from the front and rear sides, respectively, so that the roller slides can be force-balanced.
  • the clamping cylinder is used to provide clamping driving force with simple structure and convenient operation.
  • the number of the clamping driving devices is multiple, and the plurality of the clamping driving devices are arranged at intervals along the first direction.
  • a plurality of clamping driving devices are arranged on the frame at intervals up and down, which can ensure the stability of movement when the roller skateboards approach or move away from each other.
  • the wire rope pre-tensioning device further includes a tensioning device, which is arranged on the frame and is used to adjust the chain drive wheel in the two chain transmission devices to be connected to the other device. the distance between the chain driven pulleys.
  • the tensioning device can realize the tensioning of the transmission chain, and on the other hand, it can be used for adjustment with the clamping device.
  • the present application also provides a crane, which includes a wire rope and the wire rope pre-tensioning device according to any one of the above embodiments, and the wire rope pre-tensioning device is used to tension the wire rope when the wire rope is retracted.
  • the wire rope pre-tightening device in any of the above-mentioned embodiments is provided on the crane to provide a certain pre-tightening force for the wire rope when the hook is retracted, which can prevent the wire rope from being chaotic, ensure its winding quality, and avoid subsequent In the process of falling heavy objects, the wire rope is trapped, which protects the structure of the wire rope and prolongs the service life of the wire rope.
  • FIG. 1 is a front view of a wire rope pretensioning device provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • Fig. 2 is the B-B sectional view in the front view of the wire rope pretensioning device shown in Fig. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along A-A in the front view of the wire rope pretensioning device shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the wire rope pretensioning device includes a frame 100 , two chain transmission devices 200 and a driving device 300 .
  • Two chain transmission devices 200 are arranged side by side on the frame 100.
  • Each chain transmission device 200 includes a transmission chain 210, a chain driving wheel 220 and a chain driven wheel 230.
  • the transmission chain 210 is sleeved on the chain driving wheel 220 and the chain driven wheel 230.
  • the chain driving wheel 220 and the chain driven wheel 230 are rotatably arranged on the frame 100; the two transmission chains 210 are used to hold the wire rope passing between the two chain transmission devices 200, and when the wire rope is retracted, the wire rope can drive the two transmission chains. 210 synchronous transmission; the driving device 300 is arranged on the frame 100 for applying a reverse torque 600 to each chain drive wheel 220, so that each transmission chain 210 generates a direction opposite to the transmission direction 800 of the transmission chain 210. preload.
  • the wire rope passes between the two chain transmission devices 200.
  • the two transmission chains 210 of the two chain transmission devices 200 hold the wire rope tightly.
  • the two transmission chains 210 are synchronously driven, and at the same time, the driving device 300 applies a reverse torque 600 to the two chain driving wheels 220.
  • each transmission chain 210 produces a direction opposite to the transmission direction 800
  • the steel wire rope has a certain pre-tightening force.
  • the two transmission chains 210 in the wire rope pre-tightening device hold the wire rope tightly, and there is no relative sliding between the wire ropes.
  • the wire rope pre-tightening device and the wire rope have no relative sliding, which can effectively prolong the service life of the wire rope.
  • the above-mentioned driving device 300 only acts on the two chain driving wheels 220, so that a reverse torque 600 is generated on the two chain driving wheels 220, and the reverse torque 600 will not drive the two chain driving wheels 220 to reverse Rotation, but only the tendency of movement to produce opposite movement on the two chain drive wheels 220. That is, the transmission of the two transmission chains 210 and the rotation of the two chain drive pulleys 220 are driven by the retracting motion of the wire rope, not by the driving device 300 .
  • transmission direction 800 refers to the respective transmission directions 800 when the two transmission chains 210 are driven synchronously by the wire rope.
  • the direction from the chain driving pulley 220 to the chain driven pulley 230 is the first direction
  • the wire rope retracting direction 700 is the same as the first direction
  • the wire rope retracting direction 700 is the same as the first direction, that is, the wire rope enters the rope from the end of the wire rope pretensioning device close to the chain driving pulley 220, and the wire rope is pulled out from the end of the wire rope pretensioning device close to the chain driven pulley 230.
  • the direction of the reverse torque 600 on the chain drive pulley 220 is opposite to the transmission direction 800, and the transmission direction 800 is consistent with the wire rope retracting direction 700, it can be known that the direction of the reverse torque 600 on the chain drive pulley 220 is the same as the wire rope retracting direction 700.
  • the direction 700 is opposite. If the wire rope feeding direction is opposite to the first direction, that is, the wire rope is fed from the chain driven pulley 230, at this time, in order to satisfy the reverse torque 600 on the chain driving pulley 220, the direction of the wire rope is opposite to the wire rope retracting direction 700.
  • the chain drive pulleys 220 rotate oppositely, that is, the two chain drive pulleys 220 rotate inward toward the wire rope.
  • the transmission chain 210 between the two chain drive devices 200 holding the steel wire rope has a loose edge.
  • the wire rope feeding direction is set to be the same as the first direction, that is, the wire rope is fed into the wire rope from the end of the chain driving wheel 220.
  • the two chain drive wheels 220 rotate backwards, that is, the two chain drive wheels 220 rotate outwards against the wire rope.
  • the transmission chain 210 between the two chain transmission devices 200 holding the wire rope is the tight side, which can effectively avoid the chain.
  • the accumulation of 216 prevents the wire rope from being bitten.
  • the wire rope pretensioning device further includes an incoming rope guide sleeve 110 and an outgoing rope guide sleeve 120 disposed on the frame 100 , and the incoming rope guide sleeve 110 and the outgoing rope guide sleeve 120 are horn structures.
  • the rope entry guide sleeve 110 is disposed at the end of the frame 100 close to the chain drive wheel 220 .
  • the rope guide sleeve 120 is arranged at one end of the frame 100 close to the chain driven wheel 230.
  • the horn structure of the rope guide sleeve 120 has a larger diameter end away from the chain driven wheel 230, and a smaller diameter end close to the chain driven wheel 230.
  • the specific structure See Figure 1.
  • the incoming rope guide sleeve 110 and the outgoing rope guide sleeve 120 can be detachably installed on the frame 100 and can be replaced to meet the pretensioning requirements of wire ropes of different diameters.
  • the incoming rope guide sleeve 110 and the outgoing rope guide sleeve 120 can be detachably installed with thread locking or mechanical slot locking.
  • the rope entry guide sleeve 110 and the rope exit guide sleeve 120 can reduce the friction force on the surface of the wire rope at the initial stage of rope entry, and reduce the wear of the wire rope.
  • each chain transmission device 200 further includes a driving shaft 240 rotatably disposed on the frame 100, and the chain driving wheel 220 is fixedly sleeved on the driving shaft 240; each driving shaft 240 is provided with a Synchronous gears 250 , the two synchronizing gears 250 are meshed synchronously to realize synchronous transmission of the two transmission chains 210 ; the driving device 300 acts on one driving shaft 240 of the two chain transmission devices 200 .
  • the synchronizing gears 250 are arranged on the two chain transmission devices 200 .
  • the synchronous transmission of the two transmission chains 210 can be realized.
  • the driving device 300 only needs to act on the two chain transmission devices 200 .
  • One driving shaft 240 can generate a reverse torque 600 on the two chain driving wheels 220, which simplifies the structure of the wire rope pre-tightening device.
  • the driving device 300 may select a hydraulic motor or other types of motors, which are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • each transmission chain 210 includes a double-row chain 211 and a plurality of clamping blocks 212
  • the double-row chain 211 includes two chains 216
  • the two chains 216 are connected by a plurality of pins 217 .
  • Each clamping block 212 is correspondingly installed on the plurality of pins 217 , and the two transmission chains 210 cooperate with each other to hold the wire rope through the clamping blocks 212 .
  • the double-row chain 211 is used as the transmission chain 210, and the clamping block 212 is installed on the pin 217 between the two chains 216 of the double-row chain 211, so as to prevent the clamping block 212 from interfering with the transmission
  • the meshing transmission between the chain 210 , the chain driving pulley 220 and the chain driven pulley 230 are each provided with two rows of gears, that is, the chain driving wheel 220 and the chain driven wheel 230 are both double-row chain gears.
  • the clamping blocks 212 are provided with clamping grooves 215 , and the clamping grooves 215 of the clamping blocks 212 on the two transmission chains 210 cooperate to hold the wire rope tightly.
  • the cross section of the card slot 215 may be arc-shaped.
  • the clamping block 212 can also be provided with a rubber sleeve to clamp the wire rope.
  • the clamping block 212 includes a base block 213 and a slot block 214 , the base block 213 and the slot block 214 are fixedly connected, the slot block 214 is installed on the pin shaft 217 through the base block 213 , and the slot 215 is opened on the card slot block 214 .
  • one clamping block 212 is correspondingly installed on two adjacent pin shafts 217 .
  • the wire rope pre-tensioning device further includes a clamping device 400 , which is arranged on the frame 100 , and the clamping device 400 acts on the two transmission chains 210 to make the two transmission chains 210 hold the wire rope tightly. .
  • the clamping device 400 includes two roller assemblies 410 , two roller sliding plates 420 and a clamping driving device 430 .
  • the two roller assemblies 410 are respectively arranged on the two transmission chains 210, each roller assembly 410 includes a plurality of rollers 411, and each roller 411 is installed on the pin shaft 217; the two roller skateboards 420 are respectively arranged on the two transmission chains 210 In the area of the movement track, the length extension direction of each roller skateboard 420 is parallel to the first direction, and the rollers 411 on the transmission chain 210 can roll on the corresponding roller skateboard 420; the clamping drive device 430 is provided on the frame 100. , used to drive the two roller skateboards 420 to approach or move away from each other.
  • the clamping driving device 430 drives the two roller skateboards 420 to approach each other, thereby making the two transmission chains 210 between the two roller skateboards 420 approach each other to hold the wire rope tightly.
  • a set of roller assemblies 410 are respectively arranged on the two transmission chains 210 , so that the transmission chains 210 can roll on the roller skateboard 420 , so that the transmission chain 210 can continue to drive when being squeezed by the roller skateboard 420 .
  • the clamping driving device 430 includes: two sliding devices 440 , a first clamping oil cylinder 450 and a second clamping oil cylinder 460 .
  • the two sliding devices 440 act on the two roller skateboards 420 respectively.
  • Each sliding device 440 includes a sliding plate 414, a first sliding block 412 and a second sliding block 413.
  • One side of the sliding plate 414 is fixedly connected to the corresponding roller sliding plate 420.
  • the first sliding block 412 and the second sliding block 413 are respectively fixedly connected to the two ends of the sliding plate 414 and slidably mounted on the frame 100 ; the two ends of the first clamping cylinder 450 are fixedly connected to the first sliding blocks of the two sliding devices 440 .
  • both ends of the second clamping oil cylinder 460 are fixedly connected to the second sliding blocks 413 of the two sliding devices 440 to drive the two second sliding blocks 413 to approach each other or stay away.
  • the first clamping oil cylinder 450 and the second clamping oil cylinder 460 drive the two roller slides 420 to approach or move away from each other from the front and rear sides respectively, so that the roller slides 420 can be balanced by force.
  • the clamping cylinder is used to provide clamping driving force with simple structure and convenient operation.
  • the number of clamping driving devices 430 is multiple, and the plurality of clamping driving devices 430 are arranged at intervals along the first direction.
  • a plurality of clamping driving devices 430 are arranged on the frame 100 at intervals up and down, which can ensure the stability of the movement of the roller skateboards 420 when they approach or move away from each other.
  • the wire rope pre-tensioning device further includes a tensioning device 500, which is arranged on the frame 100 and is used to adjust the chain drive pulleys 220 in the two chain transmission devices 200 and the chain from The distance between the moving wheels 230.
  • a tensioning device 500 which is arranged on the frame 100 and is used to adjust the chain drive pulleys 220 in the two chain transmission devices 200 and the chain from The distance between the moving wheels 230.
  • the tensioning device 500 can realize the tensioning of the transmission chain 210 on the one hand, and be used for adjusting with the clamping device 400 on the other hand.
  • each chain transmission device 200 further includes a driven shaft 260, two bearings 270 and two bearing seats 280, the chain driven wheel 230 is fixedly sleeved on the driven shaft 260, and the driven shaft Both ends of 260 are rotatably mounted on bearing seat 280 through two bearings 270 .
  • the number of tensioning devices 500 is two, one tensioning device 500 is configured on each chain transmission device 200, and each tensioning device 500 includes two tensioning mechanisms 510, two The tensioning mechanisms 510 are respectively disposed on the two bearing seats 280 and located between the chain driving pulley 220 and the chain driven pulley 230 .
  • each tensioning mechanism 510 includes a telescopic rod 511 and a telescopic spring 514 sleeved outside the telescopic rod 511, One end of the telescopic rod 511 is fixedly installed on the bearing seat 280 , and the other end is fixedly installed on the frame 100 ;
  • the telescopic rod 511 includes a telescopic sleeve 512 and a telescopic shaft 513
  • the telescopic sleeve 512 is sleeved outside the telescopic shaft 513
  • the telescopic shaft 513 can be extended and retracted relative to the telescopic sleeve 512
  • one end of the telescopic sleeve 512 away from the telescopic shaft 513 is fixedly connected to the frame 100.
  • One end of the telescopic shaft 513 away from the telescopic sleeve 512 is fixedly connected to the bearing seat 280.
  • the present application also provides a crane, which includes a wire rope and the wire rope pretensioning device described in any of the above embodiments, and the wire rope pretensioning device is used for tensioning the wire rope when the wire rope is retracted.
  • the wire rope pre-tightening device in any of the above-mentioned embodiments is provided on the crane to provide a certain pre-tightening force for the wire rope when the hook is retracted, which can prevent the wire rope from being chaotic, ensure its winding quality, and avoid subsequent In the process of falling heavy objects, the wire rope is trapped, which protects the structure of the wire rope and prolongs the service life of the wire rope.

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Abstract

一种钢丝绳预紧装置以及起重机。该钢丝绳预紧装置包括机架（100）、两个链条传动装置（200）以及驱动装置（300），两个链条传动装置并列设置在机架上，每个链条传动装置包括传动链条（210）、链条驱动轮（220）以及链条从动轮（230），传动链条套设在链条驱动轮与链条从动轮上，链条驱动轮以及链条从动轮转动设置在机架上；两个传动链条用于抱紧从两个链条传动装置之间穿过的钢丝绳，当钢丝绳收绳时，钢丝绳可带动两个传动链条同步传动；驱动装置设置在机架上，用于向每个链条驱动轮上施加反向力矩（600），以使每个传动链条上产生方向与传动链条的传动方向（800）相反的预紧力。该钢丝绳预紧装置能够提供在钢丝绳收绳时提供预紧力，提高排绳质量，延长钢丝绳使用寿命。

Description

一种钢丝绳预紧装置以及起重机
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2020年08月27日提交的申请号为202010882574.1，发明名称为“一种钢丝绳预紧装置以及起重机”的中国专利申请的优先权，其通过引用方式全部并入本文。
技术领域
本申请涉及起重机机械技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种钢丝绳预紧装置以及起重机。
背景技术
大型履带吊设备在作业时，一般需将重物从高处往下吊装，重物吊下后须收回吊钩进行下步作业，但在收回吊钩的过程中因吊钩重量较轻，卷扬的钢丝绳的预紧力达不到要求，容易乱绳，且导致缠绳不紧，在重物下降的过程中钢丝绳就容易产生陷绳现象，这种现象严重时可能导致钢丝绳磨损，甚至无法作业。
发明内容
本申请实施例的目的在于提供一种钢丝绳预紧装置，该钢丝绳预紧装置能够提供在钢丝绳收绳时提供预紧力，提高排绳质量，延长钢丝绳使用寿命。
本申请实施例提供了一种钢丝绳预紧装置，该钢丝绳预紧装置包括机架、两个链条传动装置以及驱动装置，两个链条传动装置并列设置在所述机架上，每个所述链条传动装置包括传动链条、链条驱动轮以及链条从动轮，所述传动链条套设在所述链条驱动轮与所述链条从动轮上，所述链条驱动轮以及所述链条从动轮转动设置在所述机架上；两个所述传动链条用于抱紧从两个所述链条传动装置之间穿过的钢丝绳，当所述钢丝绳收绳时，所述钢丝绳可带动两个所述传动链条同步传动；驱动装置设置在所述机架上，用于向每个所述链条驱动轮上施加反向力矩，以使每个所述传动链条 上产生方向与所述传动链条的传动方向相反的预紧力。
在上述实现过程中，钢丝绳从两个链条传动装置之间穿过，当钢丝绳收绳以收回吊钩时，两个链条传动装置的两个传动链条抱紧钢丝绳，在钢丝绳的带动下，两个传动链条同步传动，同时，驱动装置向两个链条驱动轮上施加反向力矩，在链条驱动轮的作用下，每个传动链条上产生方向与传动方向相反的预紧力，在两个传动链条的作用下，钢丝绳具有了一定的预紧力。在钢丝绳收绳过程中，该钢丝绳预紧装置中的两个传动链条抱紧钢丝绳，与钢丝绳之间无相对滑动，钢丝绳上的预紧力实质上是两个传动链条对钢丝绳的反向拉力，相比现有技术中采用滑动摩擦提供预紧力的预紧装置，该钢丝绳预紧装置与钢丝绳之间无相对滑动，可有效延长钢丝绳使用寿命。
在一种可能的实现方式中，从所述链条驱动轮指向所述链条从动轮的方向为第一方向，所述钢丝绳的收绳方向与所述第一方向相同。
在上述实现过程中，钢丝绳的收绳方向与第一方向相同，即钢丝绳从钢丝绳预紧装置靠近链条驱动轮的一端入绳，从钢丝绳预紧装置靠近链条从动轮的一端出绳。设置钢丝绳的入绳方向与第一方向相同，即钢丝绳从链条驱动轮端入绳，此时为了满足链条驱动轮上的反向力矩的方向与钢丝绳的收绳方向相反，两个链条驱动轮背向转动即两个链条驱动轮背向钢丝绳向外转动，此时两个链条传动装置中间抱紧钢丝绳的传动链条为紧边，可有效避免链条的堆积，防止钢丝绳咬伤。
在一种可能的实现方式中，每个所述链条传动装置还包括转动设置在所述机架上的主动轴，所述链条驱动轮固定套设在所述主动轴上；每个所述主动轴上设置有同步齿轮，两个所述同步齿轮同步啮合以实现两个所述传动链条的同步传动；所述驱动装置作用于两个所述链条传动装置中的一个所述主动轴。
在上述实现过程中，在两个链条传动装置上设置同步齿轮，一方面可实现两个传动链条的同步传动，另一方面，驱动装置仅需作用于两个链条传动装置中的一个主动轴，即可使两个链条驱动轮上产生反向力矩，简化了钢丝绳预紧装置的结构。
在一种可能的实现方式中，每个所述传动链条包括双排链条以及多个 夹持块，所述双排链条包括两个链条，两个所述链条通过多个销轴连接，多个夹持块对应安装在多个所述销轴上，两个所述传动链条通过所述夹持块配合抱紧所述钢丝绳。
在上述实现过程中，采用双排链条作为传动链条，将夹持块安装在双排链条的两个链条之间的销轴上，可避免夹持块的设置干涉传动链条与链条驱动轮以及链条从动轮之间的啮合传动。对应地，链条驱动轮以及链条从动轮上各设置有两排齿轮，即链条驱动轮以及链条从动轮均为双排链齿轮。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该钢丝绳预紧装置还包括夹紧装置，设置在所述机架上，所述夹紧装置作用于两个所述传动链条以使两个所述传动链条上抱紧所述钢丝绳。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述夹紧装置包括：两个滚轮组件、两个滚轮滑板以及夹紧驱动装置。两个滚轮组件分别设置在两个所述传动链条上，每个所述滚轮组件包括多个滚轮，每个所述滚轮安装在所述销轴上；两个滚轮滑板分别设置在两个所述传动链条的运动轨迹的区域内，每个所述滚轮滑板的长度延伸方向平行于所述第一方向，所述传动链条上的滚轮可在对应的所述滚轮滑板上滚动；夹紧驱动装置设置在所述机架上，用于驱动两个所述滚轮滑板相互靠近或远离。
在上述实现过程中，夹紧驱动装置驱动两个滚轮滑板相互靠近，进而使两个滚轮滑板之间的两个传动链条相互靠近以抱紧钢丝绳。在两个传动链条上分别设置一组滚轮组件，使得传动链条能够在滚轮滑板滚动，进而使得传动链条在受滚轮滑板挤压时，仍能继续保持传动。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述夹紧驱动装置包括两个滑动装置、第一夹紧油缸以及第二夹紧油缸。两个滑动装置分别作用于两个所述滚轮滑板，每个滑动装置包括滑动板、第一滑块与第二滑块，所述滑动板的一侧面固定连接对应的所述滚轮滑板，所述第一滑块与所述第二滑块分别固定连接在所述滑动板的两端且滑动安装于所述机架；第一夹紧油缸的两端固定连接两个所述滑动装置的第一滑块，以驱动两个所述第一滑块相互靠近或远离；第二夹紧油缸的两端固定连接两个所述滑动装置的第二滑块，以驱动两个所述第二滑块相互靠近或远离。
在上述实现过程中，第一夹紧油缸与第二夹紧油缸分别从前后两侧驱动两个滚轮滑板相互靠近或远离，可使得滚轮滑板受力平衡。采用夹紧油缸提供夹紧驱动力结构简单，操作方便。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述夹紧驱动装置的数量为多个，多个所述夹紧驱动装置沿所述第一方向间隔设置。
在上述实现过程中，在机架上上下依次间隔设置多个夹紧驱动装置，可保证滚轮滑板相互靠近或远离时运动的稳定性。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该钢丝绳预紧装置还包括张紧装置，张紧装置设置在所述机架上，用于调整两个所述链条传动装置中的所述链条驱动轮与所述链条从动轮之间的距离。
在上述实现过程中，在传动链条的长度一定的情况下，使用夹紧装置调整两个链条传动装置之间的两个传动链条之间的距离时，链条驱动轮与链条从动轮之间的距离对应地需要进行调整，以保证传动链条的张紧。即张紧装置一方面可实现传动链条的张紧，另一方面用于配合夹紧装置进行调整。
本申请还提供了一种起重机，该起重机包括钢丝绳以及上述任一实施例所述的钢丝绳预紧装置，所述钢丝绳预紧装置用于所述钢丝绳收绳时张紧所述钢丝绳。
在上述实现过程中，在起重机上设置上述任一实施例中的钢丝绳预紧装置可在收回吊钩时，为钢丝绳提供一定的预紧力，可防止钢丝绳乱绳，保证其缠绕质量，避免后续在重物下降的过程中钢丝绳产生陷绳现象，保护钢丝绳的结构，延长钢丝绳的使用寿命。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种钢丝绳预紧装置的正视图；
图2为图1中所示的钢丝绳预紧装置的正视图中的B-B剖视图；
图3为图1中所示的钢丝绳预紧装置的正视图中的A-A剖视图。
附图标记：
100-机架；200-链条传动装置；300-驱动装置；210-传动链条；220-链条驱动轮；230-链条从动轮；240-主动轴；250-同步齿轮；211-双排链条；212-夹持块；213-基体块；214-卡槽块；215-卡槽；216-链条；217-销轴；400-夹紧装置；410-滚轮组件；411-滚轮；420-滚轮滑板；430-夹紧驱动装置；440-滑动装置；450-第一夹紧油缸；460-第二夹紧油缸；412-第一滑块；413-第二滑块；414-滑动板；260-从动轴；270-轴承；280-轴承座；500-张紧装置；510-张紧机构；511-伸缩杆；512-伸缩套；513-伸缩轴；514-伸缩弹簧；110-入绳导向套；120-出绳导向套；600-反向力矩；700-收绳方向；800-传动方向；
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行描述。
应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步定义和解释。同时，在本申请的描述中，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于区分描述，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
请参考图1、图2与图3，本申请实施例提供了一种钢丝绳预紧装置，该钢丝绳预紧装置包括机架100、两个链条传动装置200以及驱动装置300，两个链条传动装置200并列设置在机架100上，每个链条传动装置200包括传动链条210、链条驱动轮220以及链条从动轮230，传动链条210套设在链条驱动轮220与链条从动轮230上，链条驱动轮220以及链条从动轮230转动设置在机架100上；两个传动链条210用于抱紧从两个链条传动装置200之间穿过的钢丝绳，当钢丝绳收绳时，钢丝绳可带动两个传动链条210同步传动；驱动装置300设置在机架100上，用于向每个链条驱动轮220上施加反向力矩600，以使每个传动链条210上产生方向与传动链条210的传动方向800相反的预紧力。
在上述实现过程中，钢丝绳从两个链条传动装置200之间穿过，当钢丝绳收绳以收回吊钩时，两个链条传动装置200的两个传动链条210抱紧 钢丝绳，在钢丝绳的带动下，两个传动链条210同步传动，同时，驱动装置300向两个链条驱动轮220上施加反向力矩600，在链条驱动轮220的作用下，每个传动链条210上产生方向与传动方向800相反的预紧力，在两个传动链条210的作用下，钢丝绳具有了一定的预紧力。在钢丝绳收绳过程中，该钢丝绳预紧装置中的两个传动链条210抱紧钢丝绳，与钢丝绳之间无相对滑动，钢丝绳上的预紧力实质上是两个传动链条210对钢丝绳的反向拉力，相比现有技术中采用滑动摩擦提供预紧力的预紧装置，该钢丝绳预紧装置与钢丝绳之间无相对滑动，可有效延长钢丝绳使用寿命。
需要说明的是，上述驱动装置300仅是作用于两个链条驱动轮220，使两个链条驱动轮220上产生反向力矩600，该反向力矩600不会带动两个链条驱动轮220反向转动，而仅是使两个链条驱动轮220上产生反向运动的运动趋势。即两个传动链条210的传动以及两个链条驱动轮220的转动是钢丝绳收缩运动带动的，而非驱动装置300驱动的。
需要说明的是，上述传动方向800是指当两个传动链条210在钢丝绳的带动下同步传动时各自的传动方向800。
在一种可能的实现方式中，从链条驱动轮220指向链条从动轮230的方向为第一方向，钢丝绳的收绳方向700与第一方向相同。
在上述实现过程中，钢丝绳的收绳方向700与第一方向相同，即钢丝绳从钢丝绳预紧装置靠近链条驱动轮220的一端入绳，从钢丝绳预紧装置靠近链条从动轮230的一端出绳。
由于链条驱动轮220上的反向力矩600的方向与传动方向800相反，传动方向800与钢丝绳的收绳方向700一致，进而可知链条驱动轮220上的反向力矩600的方向与钢丝绳的收绳方向700相反。若设置钢丝绳的入绳方向与第一方向相反，即从链条从动轮230端入绳，此时为了满足链条驱动轮220上的反向力矩600的方向与钢丝绳的收绳方向700相反，两个链条驱动轮220相向转动即两个链条驱动轮220朝向钢丝绳向内转动，此时两个链条传动装置200中间抱紧钢丝绳的传动链条210为松边，因此在两个链条传动装置200之间的传动链条210在抱紧钢丝绳时，容易产生堆积，易造成钢丝绳咬伤，降低预紧效果。因此本申请实施例设置钢丝绳的入绳方向与第一方向相同，即钢丝绳从链条驱动轮220端入绳，此时为了满足链条驱动轮220上的反向力矩600的方向与钢丝绳的收绳方向700相反，两个链条驱动轮220背向转动即两个链条驱动轮220背向钢丝绳向外 转动，此时两个链条传动装置200中间抱紧钢丝绳的传动链条210为紧边，可有效避免链条216的堆积，防止钢丝绳咬伤。
在一些实施例中，该钢丝绳预紧装置还包括设置在机架100上的入绳导向套110与出绳导向套120，入绳导向套110与出绳导向套120为喇叭结构。入绳导向套110设置在机架100靠近链条驱动轮220的一端，入绳导向套110的喇叭结构直径较大的一端远离链条驱动轮220，直径较小的一端靠近链条驱动轮220。出绳导向套120设置在机架100靠近链条从动轮230的一端，出绳导向套120的喇叭结构直径较大的一端远离链条从动轮230，直径较小的一端靠近链条从动轮230，具体结构请参见图1。可选地，入绳导向套110与出绳导向套120可拆卸安装在机架100上，可进行更换，以满足不同直径大小的钢丝绳预紧需求。入绳导向套110和出绳导向套120可以带螺纹锁止或机械卡槽锁止实现可拆卸安装。入绳导向套110和出绳导向套120能够减少入绳初期钢丝绳表面摩擦力，减轻钢丝绳磨损。
在一种可能的实现方式中，每个链条传动装置200还包括转动设置在机架100上的主动轴240，链条驱动轮220固定套设在主动轴240上；每个主动轴240上设置有同步齿轮250，两个同步齿轮250同步啮合以实现两个传动链条210的同步传动；驱动装置300作用于两个链条传动装置200中的一个主动轴240。
在上述实现过程中，在两个链条传动装置200上设置同步齿轮250，一方面可实现两个传动链条210的同步传动，另一方面，驱动装置300仅需作用于两个链条传动装置200中的一个主动轴240，即可使两个链条驱动轮220上产生反向力矩600，简化了钢丝绳预紧装置的结构。
驱动装置300可选择液压马达或其他种类的马达，本申请实施例对此不作限定。
在一种可能的实现方式中，每个传动链条210包括双排链条211以及多个夹持块212，双排链条211包括两个链条216，两个链条216通过多个销轴217连接，多个夹持块212对应安装在多个销轴217上，两个传动链条210通过夹持块212配合抱紧钢丝绳。
在上述实现过程中，采用双排链条211作为传动链条210，将夹持块212安装在双排链条211的两个链条216之间的销轴217上，可避免夹持块212的设置干涉传动链条210与链条驱动轮220以及链条从动轮230之 间的啮合传动。对应地，链条驱动轮220以及链条从动轮230上各设置有两排齿轮，即链条驱动轮220以及链条从动轮230均为双排链齿轮。
在一种可能的实现方式中，夹持块212上开设有卡槽215，两个传动链条210上的夹持块212的卡槽215配合可抱紧钢丝绳。可选地，卡槽215的横截面可以为圆弧形。夹持块212也可以设置有胶套，从而夹紧钢丝绳。
在一些实施例中，夹持块212包括基体块213与卡槽块214，基体块213与卡槽块214固定连接，卡槽块214通过基体块213安装在销轴217上，卡槽215开设在卡槽块214上。
在一些实施例中，一个夹持块212对应安装在相邻两个销轴217上。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该钢丝绳预紧装置还包括夹紧装置400，设置在机架100上，夹紧装置400作用于两个传动链条210以使两个传动链条210上抱紧钢丝绳。
在一种可能的实现方式中，夹紧装置400包括两个滚轮组件410、两个滚轮滑板420以及夹紧驱动装置430。两个滚轮组件410分别设置在两个传动链条210上，每个滚轮组件410包括多个滚轮411，每个滚轮411安装在销轴217上；两个滚轮滑板420分别设置在两个传动链条210的运动轨迹的区域内，每个滚轮滑板420的长度延伸方向平行于第一方向，传动链条210上的滚轮411可在对应的滚轮滑板420上滚动；夹紧驱动装置430设置在机架100上，用于驱动两个滚轮滑板420相互靠近或远离。
在上述实现过程中，夹紧驱动装置430驱动两个滚轮滑板420相互靠近，进而使两个滚轮滑板420之间的两个传动链条210相互靠近以抱紧钢丝绳。在两个传动链条210上分别设置一组滚轮组件410，使得传动链条210能够在滚轮滑板420滚动，进而使得传动链条210在受滚轮滑板420挤压时，仍能继续保持传动。
在一种可能的实现方式中，夹紧驱动装置430包括：两个滑动装置440、第一夹紧油缸450以及第二夹紧油缸460。两个滑动装置440分别作用于两个滚轮滑板420，每个滑动装置440包括滑动板414、第一滑块412与第二滑块413，滑动板414的一侧面固定连接对应的滚轮滑板420，第一滑块412与第二滑块413分别固定连接在滑动板414的两端且滑动安装于机架100；第一夹紧油缸450的两端固定连接两个滑动装置440的第一滑块412，以驱动两个第一滑块412相互靠近或远离；第二夹紧油缸460的两端固定连接两个滑动装置440的第二滑块413，以驱动两个第二滑块413 相互靠近或远离。
在上述实现过程中，第一夹紧油缸450与第二夹紧油缸460分别从前后两侧驱动两个滚轮滑板420相互靠近或远离，可使得滚轮滑板420受力平衡。采用夹紧油缸提供夹紧驱动力结构简单，操作方便。
在一种可能的实现方式中，夹紧驱动装置430的数量为多个，多个夹紧驱动装置430沿第一方向间隔设置。
在上述实现过程中，在机架100上上下依次间隔设置多个夹紧驱动装置430，可保证滚轮滑板420相互靠近或远离时运动的稳定性。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该钢丝绳预紧装置还包括张紧装置500，张紧装置500设置在机架100上，用于调整两个链条传动装置200中的链条驱动轮220与链条从动轮230之间的距离。
在上述实现过程中，在传动链条210的长度一定的情况下，使用夹紧装置400调整两个链条传动装置200之间的两个传动链条210之间的距离时，链条驱动轮220与链条从动轮230之间的距离对应地需要进行调整，以保证传动链条210的张紧。即张紧装置500一方面可实现传动链条210的张紧，另一方面用于配合夹紧装置400进行调整。
在一种可能的实现方式中，每个链条传动装置200还包括从动轴260、两个轴承270以及两个轴承座280，链条从动轮230固定套设在从动轴260上，从动轴260的两端通过两个轴承270转动安装在轴承座280上。
在一种可能的实现方式中，张紧装置500的数量为两个，每个链条传动装置200上配置有一个张紧装置500，每个张紧装置500包括两个张紧机构510，两个张紧机构510分别配置在两个轴承座280上，且位于链条驱动轮220与链条从动轮230之间。
两个轴承座280滑动安装在机架100上，即两个轴承座280可相对机架100上下滑动，每个张紧机构510包括伸缩杆511以及套设在伸缩杆511外的伸缩弹簧514，伸缩杆511的一端固定安装在轴承座280上，另一端固定安装在机架100上；伸缩弹簧514的一端固定安装在轴承座280上，另一端固定安装在机架100上。
具体地，伸缩杆511包括伸缩套512以及伸缩轴513，伸缩套512套设在伸缩轴513外，伸缩轴513可相对伸缩套512伸缩，伸缩套512远离伸缩轴513的一端固定连接于机架100，伸缩轴513远离伸缩套512一端固定连接于轴承座280。
本申请还提供了一种起重机，该起重机包括钢丝绳以及上述任一实施例所述的钢丝绳预紧装置，钢丝绳预紧装置用于钢丝绳收绳时张紧钢丝绳。
在上述实现过程中，在起重机上设置上述任一实施例中的钢丝绳预紧装置可在收回吊钩时，为钢丝绳提供一定的预紧力，可防止钢丝绳乱绳，保证其缠绕质量，避免后续在重物下降的过程中钢丝绳产生陷绳现象，保护钢丝绳的结构，延长钢丝绳的使用寿命。
以上所述仅为本申请的实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请的保护范围，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步定义和解释。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应所述以权利要求的保护范围为准。
需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种钢丝绳预紧装置，包括：
    机架；
    两个链条传动装置，并列设置在所述机架上，每个所述链条传动装置包括传动链条、链条驱动轮以及链条从动轮，所述传动链条套设在所述链条驱动轮与所述链条从动轮上，所述链条驱动轮以及所述链条从动轮转动设置在所述机架上；两个所述传动链条用于抱紧从两个所述链条传动装置之间穿过的钢丝绳，当所述钢丝绳收绳时，所述钢丝绳可带动两个所述传动链条同步传动；
    驱动装置，设置在所述机架上，用于向两个所述链条驱动轮上施加反向力矩，以使每个所述传动链条上产生方向与所述传动链条的传动方向相反的预紧力。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的钢丝绳预紧装置，其中，从所述链条驱动轮指向所述链条从动轮的方向为第一方向，所述钢丝绳的收绳方向与所述第一方向相同。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的钢丝绳预紧装置，其中，每个所述链条传动装置还包括转动设置在所述机架上的主动轴，所述链条驱动轮固定套设在所述主动轴上；
    每个所述主动轴上设置有同步齿轮，两个所述同步齿轮同步啮合以实现两个所述传动链条的同步传动；
    所述驱动装置作用于两个所述链条传动装置中的一个所述主动轴。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的钢丝绳预紧装置，其中，每个所述传动链条包括双排链条以及多个夹持块，所述双排链条包括两个链条，两个所述链条通过多个销轴连接，多个夹持块对应安装在多个所述销轴上，两个所述传动链条通过所述夹持块配合抱紧所述钢丝绳。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的钢丝绳预紧装置，其中，还包括夹紧装置，设置在所述机架上，所述夹紧装置作用于两个所述传动链条以使两个所述传动链条上抱紧所述钢丝绳。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的钢丝绳预紧装置，其中，所述夹紧装置包括：
    两个滚轮组件，分别设置在两个所述传动链条上，每个所述滚轮组件 包括多个滚轮，每个所述滚轮安装在所述销轴上；
    两个滚轮滑板，分别设置在两个所述传动链条的运动轨迹的区域内，每个所述滚轮滑板的长度延伸方向平行于所述第一方向，所述传动链条上的滚轮可在对应的所述滚轮滑板上滚动；
    夹紧驱动装置，设置在所述机架上，用于驱动两个所述滚轮滑板相互靠近或远离。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的钢丝绳预紧装置，其中，所述夹紧驱动装置包括：
    两个滑动装置，分别作用于两个所述滚轮滑板，每个滑动装置包括滑动板、第一滑块与第二滑块，所述滑动板的一侧面固定连接对应的所述滚轮滑板，所述第一滑块与所述第二滑块分别固定连接在所述滑动板的两端且滑动安装于所述机架；
    第一夹紧油缸，两端固定连接两个所述滑动装置的第一滑块，以驱动两个所述第一滑块相互靠近或远离；
    第二夹紧油缸，两端固定连接两个所述滑动装置的第二滑块，以驱动两个所述第二滑块相互靠近或远离。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的钢丝绳预紧装置，其中，所述夹紧驱动装置的数量为多个，多个所述夹紧驱动装置沿所述第一方向间隔设置。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的钢丝绳预紧装置，还包括张紧装置，设置在所述机架上，用于调整两个所述链条传动装置中的所述链条驱动轮与所述链条从动轮之间的距离。
  10. 一种起重机，包括钢丝绳以及权利要求1-9中任一项所述的钢丝绳预紧装置，所述钢丝绳预紧装置用于所述钢丝绳收绳时张紧所述钢丝绳。
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