WO2022033004A1 - 一种单晶硅片的单面制绒工艺及太阳能电池片的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种单晶硅片的单面制绒工艺及太阳能电池片的制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2022033004A1
WO2022033004A1 PCT/CN2021/075700 CN2021075700W WO2022033004A1 WO 2022033004 A1 WO2022033004 A1 WO 2022033004A1 CN 2021075700 W CN2021075700 W CN 2021075700W WO 2022033004 A1 WO2022033004 A1 WO 2022033004A1
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silicon wafer
layer
mask
single crystal
crystal silicon
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French (fr)
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马玉超
余浩
张晓攀
单伟
何胜
徐伟智
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浙江正泰太阳能科技有限公司
海宁正泰新能源科技有限公司
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
    • C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C30B33/00—After-treatment of single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure
    • C30B33/08—Etching
    • C30B33/10—Etching in solutions or melts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
    • C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
    • C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
    • C23C16/34—Nitrides
    • C23C16/345—Silicon nitride
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
    • C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
    • C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
    • C23C16/40—Oxides
    • C23C16/403—Oxides of aluminium, magnesium or beryllium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
    • C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
    • C23C16/455—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
    • C23C16/45523—Pulsed gas flow or change of composition over time
    • C23C16/45525—Atomic layer deposition [ALD]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
    • C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
    • C23C16/50—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating using electric discharges
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
    • C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
    • C30B29/02—Elements
    • C30B29/06—Silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
    • C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C30B31/00—Diffusion or doping processes for single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure; Apparatus therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/0236—Special surface textures
    • H01L31/02366—Special surface textures of the substrate or of a layer on the substrate, e.g. textured ITO/glass substrate or superstrate, textured polymer layer on glass substrate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L31/1804—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof comprising only elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/547—Monocrystalline silicon PV cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic solar cells, and in particular relates to a single-sided texturing process of a single crystal silicon wafer and a preparation method of a solar cell sheet.
  • cells in the photovoltaic industry can be divided into crystalline silicon solar cells and thin-film solar cells according to different substrate materials.
  • crystalline silicon cells are relatively mature, and there is still much room for improvement in cost and efficiency, which is the mainstream of the current market.
  • the number of free electrons and holes that can be generated by pure crystalline silicon is far from meeting the needs of photovoltaic power generation. Therefore, the commonly used technology is doping in pure silicon, and doping it with phosphorus to form an N-type semiconductor. Doping with boron element forms a P-type semiconductor.
  • the mainstream cells on the market include monocrystalline PERC, monocrystalline PERC+SE, N-type double-sided, TOPcon, HIT (heterojunction), IBC and other cells.
  • the P-type battery has obvious cost performance due to its simple process and the current efficiency is not much different from that of the N-type battery, but it has a leading advantage in cost, and has an absolute leading position in the market.
  • PECR technology is based on the traditional aluminum back field battery (the aluminum film is prepared on the back of the silicon wafer to form an aluminum back field, which reduces the recombination speed of minority carriers and acts as a metal electrode), and then joins the back of the silicon wafer and the back aluminum.
  • a layer of dielectric passivation layer forms an aluminum oxide/silicon nitride stack passivation structure, and at the same time, local contact between the back aluminum and the silicon wafer is achieved by laser etching openings on the passivation layer.
  • the traditional aluminum back field battery is improved from two aspects.
  • the contact area between the semiconductor and metal on the back of the silicon wafer is greatly reduced, thereby reducing the recombination rate of carriers, significantly reducing the current recombination density on the back surface, and improving its life.
  • the passivation layer can form a good internal reflection mechanism on the back surface, and reflect the light reaching the back surface again to increase the absorption rate of light energy to reduce optical loss and effectively improve short-circuit current.
  • Monocrystalline texturing has been relatively complete, and is widely used in various battery manufacturers. At present, the flatness of the back polishing surface in the secondary cleaning process is still not ideal, resulting in poor subsequent back passivation effect of the battery, which seriously affects the monocrystalline PERC battery quality.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a single-sided texturing process for monocrystalline silicon wafers and a preparation method for a solar cell sheet.
  • the single-sided texturing process in the present invention can significantly improve the flatness of the back surface after secondary cleaning, and further Significantly improve battery efficiency and quality.
  • a single-sided texturing process for a monocrystalline silicon wafer includes the following steps:
  • Described mask glue liquid includes following components by weight:
  • Silicon oxide 0.1-1 part, auxiliary agent: 0.5-2 part, lignin fiber: 0.1-1 part, gum arabic: 10-100 part;
  • the role of silicon dioxide on the one hand serves as a mask, and on the other hand, it also serves as a solubilizer in the subsequent step of removing the mask by pickling.
  • the coating process in the step A) is spin coating, and the temperature of the spin coating is 20-30°C.
  • the auxiliary agent includes a cosolvent and a fluorocarbon surfactant
  • the cosolvent in the auxiliary agent of the present invention can increase the solubility of different chemicals in the solution to form a uniform colloid, and the surfactant can further inhibit the reaction rate of the back surface and improve the subsequent etching flatness.
  • the cosolvent is an organic acid salt cosolvent, and the mass ratio of the cosolvent to the fluorocarbon surfactant is 1:(2-10).
  • the thickness of the mask coating is 1-10 ⁇ m.
  • the silicon oxide, the auxiliary agent, the lignin fiber and the gum arabic are mixed in proportion, heated to 50-70° C., and stirred for 5-10 minutes to obtain the mask glue solution.
  • the lignin can prevent the mask colloid from cracking after spin-coating, so that the surface of the film layer is dense and free from cracking;
  • the acacia gum is mainly used for adhesion and isolation, which can better make the film layer Adhering to the surface of the silicon wafer, it can effectively block the chemical reaction with the surface of the silicon wafer.
  • an HF aqueous solution is used for acid washing, and the mass concentration of the HF aqueous solution is 10-20%.
  • the masking liquid comprises the following components in parts by weight:
  • Silicon oxide 0.5-1 part
  • auxiliary agent 1-1.5 part
  • lignin fiber 0.5-1 part
  • gum arabic 10-50 part.
  • a second aspect a preparation method of a solar cell, comprising the following steps:
  • a phosphorus diffusion layer and a silicon dioxide tunneling layer are sequentially prepared on the front of the front-textured monocrystalline silicon wafer,
  • the front-textured monocrystalline silicon wafer used is prepared according to the preparation method described above;
  • a silicon nitride layer with a thickness of 100-150 nm is deposited on the backside of the single crystal silicon wafer obtained in the step 3).
  • the phosphorus silicate glass is removed by etching, and then the silicon dioxide tunneling layer is prepared.
  • a high temperature thermal oxidation method is used to prepare a silicon dioxide tunneling layer with a thickness of 2-4 nm;
  • an aluminum oxide layer with a thickness of 4-15 nm is deposited on the back surface of the single crystal silicon wafer by using the atomic layer deposition method.
  • a layer of mask coating is applied on the back surface of the silicon wafer for texturing, which can significantly inhibit the texturing rate on the back surface of the silicon wafer and form a single-sided texturing effect.
  • it can save texturing chemicals, and on the other hand, it can also significantly improve the flatness of the back surface after secondary cleaning, thereby significantly improving battery efficiency and quality.
  • the present invention uses silicon oxide and resin as the main components, and the mask coating can be prepared at a very low temperature, with low energy consumption, and the resin and silicon oxide play the role of blocking and masking, and the blocking effect is better. , the silicon oxide removes the mask, and also plays a solubilizing effect on the subsequent mask removal.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 1 is the front silver electrode
  • 2 is the front silicon nitride anti-reflection film
  • 3 is the silicon dioxide tunneling layer
  • 4 is the phosphorus diffusion emission junction
  • 5 is the silicon wafer substrate
  • 6 is the alumina passivation layer
  • 7 is the The backside silicon nitride layer
  • 8 is the backside Al paste contact.
  • the present invention provides a single-sided texturing process for a single crystal silicon wafer, comprising the following steps:
  • Described mask glue liquid includes following components by weight:
  • Silicon oxide 0.1-1 part, auxiliary agent: 0.5-2 part, lignin fiber: 0.1-1 part, gum arabic: 10-100 part;
  • the present invention firstly prepares a mask glue solution, and then drops the mask glue solution on one surface of a single crystal silicon wafer, and spins to obtain a mask.
  • the mask glue is prepared from the following raw materials:
  • Silicon oxide 0.1-1 part
  • auxiliary agent 0.5-2 part
  • lignin fiber 0.1-1 part
  • gum arabic 10-100 part.
  • the silicon dioxide acts as a mask, and on the other hand, it also acts as a solubilizer in the subsequent step of removing the mask by pickling;
  • the silicon oxide (SiO2) is preferably Nano-scale silica powder, the weight fraction of the silicon oxide is preferably 0.1-1 part, more preferably 0.3-0.8 part, most preferably 0.5-0.6 part, specifically, in an embodiment of the present invention , which can be 0.5 servings.
  • the auxiliary agent preferably includes a cosolvent and a fluorocarbon surfactant
  • the auxiliary solvent is preferably an organic acid salt cosolvent, more preferably sodium benzoate and/or sodium salicylate; the cosolvent and
  • the mass ratio of the fluorocarbon surfactant is preferably 1: (2-10), more preferably 1: (3-9), most preferably 1: (4-8), most preferably, it can also be 1: (5-6);
  • the weight part of the auxiliary agent is preferably 0.5-2 parts, more preferably 1-1.5 parts, specifically, in an embodiment of the present invention, it may be 1 part.
  • the cosolvent in the auxiliary agent of the invention can increase the solubility of different chemicals in the solution to form a uniform colloid, and the surfactant can further inhibit the reaction rate of the back surface and improve the subsequent etching flatness.
  • the lignin can prevent the mask colloid from cracking after spin coating, so that the surface of the film layer is dense and free from cracking;
  • the weight fraction of the lignin fiber is preferably 0.1-1 part, more preferably 0.3- 0.8 part, most preferably 0.5-0.6 part, specifically, in an embodiment of the present invention, it may be 0.5 part.
  • the functions of the gum arabic are mainly adhesive and isolation, which can better adhere the film layer to the surface of the silicon wafer, and can effectively block the reaction between chemicals and the surface of the silicon wafer;
  • the number of parts by weight is preferably 10-100 parts, more preferably 10-50 parts, and most preferably 20-40 parts, specifically, in an embodiment of the present invention, it may be 20 parts.
  • all raw materials are mixed according to the above ratio, and the temperature is raised to 50-70°C, preferably 55-65°C, more preferably 60°C, and stirring at this temperature for 5-10min to obtain the mask glue solution.
  • the present invention drops the mask glue on one side of the single crystal silicon wafer, and spins to prepare a mask coating.
  • the spin-coating method is a spin-coating method well known in the art, which will not be repeated in this application.
  • the spin coating can be performed at room temperature, that is, 20-30°C.
  • the thickness of the mask coating layer obtained by spin coating is preferably 1 to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 3 to 8 ⁇ m, and most preferably 5 to 6 ⁇ m.
  • the present invention makes it textured in an alkaline reagent and then pickled to obtain a single-sided textured single-crystal silicon wafer.
  • the texturing process is a commonly used texturing process in the field, which will not be repeated in the present invention
  • the alkaline reagent can be potassium hydroxide.
  • the film coating does not contain materials that react with potassium hydroxide, so it basically does not participate in the texturing reaction, so as to protect the backside of the single crystal silicon wafer from generating a pyramid-shaped textured surface.
  • HF aqueous solution is preferably used for pickling, and the mass concentration of the HF aqueous solution is preferably 10-20%, more preferably 15-18%; the purpose of the pickling is to remove the mask coating.
  • the present invention also provides a method for preparing a solar cell sheet, comprising the following steps:
  • a phosphorus diffusion layer and a silicon dioxide tunneling layer are sequentially prepared on the front side of the front-side texturing monocrystalline silicon wafer described above,
  • a silicon nitride layer with a thickness of 100-150 nm is deposited on the backside of the single crystal silicon wafer obtained in the step 3).
  • phosphorus diffusion is performed on the textured surface (ie, the front surface) of the single-sided textured single crystal silicon wafer to obtain a phosphorus diffusion layer with a square resistance of 80 ⁇ / ⁇ -150 ⁇ / ⁇ to form an N+ emitter.
  • a high temperature thermal oxidation method is used to grow a layer of SiO 2 film on the front side of the single crystal silicon wafer as a tunneling layer, with a thickness of 2-4 nm;
  • a silicon nitride film is deposited on the front side, and a layer of SiN film with a thickness of 60-90 nm is deposited by plasma chemical vapor deposition equipment, and the refractive index is 2.0-2.3.
  • the backside is laser perforated and then screen sintered to obtain solar cells.
  • the laser used is a picosecond laser, and the perforation width is 20-100 ⁇ m, which is used to form local Al contact.
  • phosphorus diffusion, etching, polishing, and SiO 2 tunneling layer, aluminum oxide passivation layer, and silicon nitride thin film for preparing the solar cell sheet can all be prepared using related methods known to those skilled in the art.
  • the preparation method is not particularly limited in the present invention.
  • the invention provides a single-sided texturing process for a single-crystal silicon wafer, comprising the following steps: A) applying masking glue to the back of the single-crystal silicon wafer to obtain a single-crystal silicon wafer with a mask coating on the backside ;
  • the masking glue includes the following components by weight: silicon oxide: 0.1-1 part, auxiliary agent: 0.5-2 part, lignin fiber: 0.1-1 part, gum arabic: 10-100 part;
  • B The single-crystal silicon wafer with a mask coating on the back is subjected to acid washing after texturing in an alkaline reagent, and the mask coating is removed to obtain a single-sided texturing single-crystal silicon wafer.
  • a layer of mask coating is applied on the back surface of the silicon wafer for texturing, which can obviously inhibit the texturing rate of the back surface of the silicon wafer and form a single-sided texturing effect.
  • it can save texturing chemicals, and on the other hand, it can also significantly improve the flatness of the back surface after secondary cleaning, thereby significantly improving battery efficiency and quality.
  • the present invention uses silicon oxide and resin as the main components, and can prepare a mask coating at a very low temperature, with low energy consumption, resin and silicon oxide play the role of blocking and masking, and the blocking effect is better.
  • the removal of silicon oxide plays a role in the mask, and also plays a role in the dissolution of the subsequent mask removal.
  • Texturing using potassium hydroxide solution for texturing, and washing off the masking glue with 10% HF aqueous solution after texturing;
  • Phosphorus is diffused to obtain a phosphorus diffusion layer with a square resistance of 130 ⁇ / ⁇ , forming an N+ emitter;
  • a layer of SiO 2 film was grown on the front side of P-type crystalline silicon by high temperature thermal oxidation method as a tunneling layer with a thickness of 5nm;
  • a silicon nitride film was deposited on the front side, and a layer of SiN film with a thickness of 90 nm was deposited by plasma chemical vapor deposition equipment with a refractive index of 2.11;
  • a silicon nitride film with a thickness of 80nm is deposited on the backside;
  • Laser drilling is performed on the backside, the laser used is a picosecond laser, and the width of the opening is 30 ⁇ m, which is used to form local Al contact;
  • Texturing using potassium hydroxide solution for texturing, and washing off the masking glue with 10% HF aqueous solution after texturing;
  • Phosphorus is diffused to obtain a phosphorus diffusion layer with a square resistance of 110 ⁇ / ⁇ , forming an N+ emitter;
  • a layer of SiO 2 film was grown on the front side of P-type crystalline silicon by high temperature thermal oxidation method as a tunneling layer with a thickness of 3nm;
  • a silicon nitride film was deposited on the front side, and a layer of SiN film with a thickness of 80 nm was deposited by plasma chemical vapor deposition equipment with a refractive index of 2.11;
  • a silicon nitride film with a thickness of 85nm is deposited on the backside;
  • Laser drilling is performed on the backside, the laser used is a picosecond laser, and the width of the opening is 30 ⁇ m, which is used to form local Al contact;
  • Texturing using potassium hydroxide solution for texturing, and washing off the masking glue with 10% HF aqueous solution after texturing;
  • Phosphorus is diffused to obtain a phosphorus diffusion layer with a square resistance of 160 ⁇ / ⁇ , forming an N+ emitter;
  • a layer of SiO 2 film was grown on the front side of P-type crystalline silicon by high temperature thermal oxidation method as a tunneling layer with a thickness of 3.5nm;
  • a silicon nitride film was deposited on the front side, and a layer of SiN film with a thickness of 75nm was deposited by plasma chemical vapor deposition equipment with a refractive index of 2.09;
  • a silicon nitride film with a thickness of 85nm is deposited on the backside;
  • Laser drilling is performed on the backside, the laser used is a picosecond laser, and the width of the opening is 35 ⁇ m, which is used to form local Al contact;
  • Embodiment 2 performance test comparison data

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Abstract

一种单晶硅片的单面制绒工艺及太阳能电池片的制备方法，单面制绒工艺包括以下步骤：A)将掩膜胶液涂覆至单品硅片的背面，得到背面有掩膜涂层的单晶硅片；所述掩膜胶液包括：氧化硅：0.1～1份，助剂：0.5～2份，木质素纤维：0.1～1份，阿拉伯胶：10～100份；B)将所述背面有掩膜涂层的单晶硅片在碱性试剂中制绒后进行酸洗，去除掩膜涂层，得到单面制绒的单晶硅片。

Description

一种单晶硅片的单面制绒工艺及太阳能电池片的制备方法 技术领域
本发明属于光伏太阳能电池技术领域，尤其涉及一种单晶硅片的单面制绒工艺及太阳能电池片的制备方法。
背景技术
目前光伏产业中的电池根据基体的材料不同可以分为晶体硅太阳能电池和薄膜太阳能电池，其中晶体硅电池发展相对成熟，成本及效率仍有很大提升空间，是目前市场的主流。单纯的晶体硅可以产生的自由电子和空穴数目远远无法满足光伏发电的需要，因此通常采用的技术为在纯净的硅中进行掺杂，在其中掺杂磷元素形成N型半导体，在其中掺杂硼元素形成P型半导体。
目前市场上的主流电池片包括单晶PERC、单晶PERC+SE、N型双面、TOPcon、HIT(异质结)、IBC等几种电池。P型电池由于工艺简单且目前效率与N型差距不大但在成本上具有领先优势而具有明显的性价比，在市场中有着绝对领先地位。
PECR技术是在传统铝背场电池(在硅片背部制备铝膜，形成铝背场，减少少数载流子的复合速度同时充当金属电极)的基础上，在硅片背面和背铝中间再加入一层电介质钝化层，形成氧化铝/氮化硅叠层钝化结构，同时通过在钝化层上激光刻蚀开孔来实现背铝与硅片的局部接触。从两个方面对传统铝背场电池进行改进，一方面硅片背面的半导体与金属的接触面积大大减少，从而降低了载流子子的复合速率，显著降低背表面电流复合密度，提高其寿命以增加电池开路电压；另一方面该钝化层可以在背表面形成良好的内反射机制，将到达背表面的光再次反射回去来增加对光能的吸收率以减少光学损失，有效提升短路电流。单晶制绒已相对比较完善，并广泛应用于各电池厂商，目前在二次清洗工序背抛光面平整度还存在不够理想问题，导致电池片后续背钝化效果欠佳，严重影响了单晶PERC电池品质。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种单晶硅片的单面制绒工艺及太阳能电池片的制备方 法，本发明中的单面制绒工艺能够明显改善二次清洗后背表面的平整度问题，进而明显提升电池效率和品质。
第一方面，一种单晶硅片的单面制绒工艺，包括以下步骤：
A)将掩膜胶液涂覆至单晶硅片的一面，得到单面有掩膜涂层的单晶硅片；
所述掩膜胶液包括以下重量份数的组分：
氧化硅：0.1～1份，助剂：0.5～2份，木质素纤维：0.1～1份，阿拉伯胶：10～100份；
B)将所述单面有掩膜涂层的单晶硅片在碱性试剂中制绒后进行酸洗，去除掩膜涂层，得到单面制绒的单晶硅片。
在本发明中，二氧化硅的作用一方面起到掩膜作用，另一方面在后续的酸洗去除掩膜步骤中也同时起到助溶效果。
优选的，所述步骤A)中的涂覆工艺为旋涂，所述旋涂的温度为20～30℃。
优选的，所述助剂包括助溶剂和氟碳表面活性剂；
本发明助剂中的助溶剂能够增加不同化学品在溶液中的溶解度，形成均匀胶体，表面活性剂可进一步抑制背表面反应速率，并对后续刻蚀平整度有较好改善作用。
所述助溶剂为有机酸盐助溶剂，所述助溶剂和氟碳表面活性剂的质量比为1∶(2～10)。
优选的，所述掩膜涂层的厚度为1～10μm。
优选的，将氧化硅、助剂、木质素纤维和阿拉伯胶按照比例混合，加热至50～70℃，搅拌5～10min，得到掩膜胶液。
在本发明中，所述木质素能够防止掩膜胶体旋涂成膜后开裂，使膜层表面致密无开裂；所述阿拉伯胶作用主要为粘粘剂和隔离作用，可较好的使膜层粘附在硅片表面，可有效阻隔化学品与硅片表面进行反应。
优选的，所述步骤B)使用HF水溶液进行酸洗，所述HF水溶液的质量浓度为10～20％。
优选的，所述掩膜胶液包括以下重量份数的组分：
氧化硅：0.5～1份，助剂：1～1.5份，木质素纤维：0.5～1份，阿拉伯胶：10～50份。
第二方面，一种太阳能电池片的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1)在正面制绒的单晶硅片的正面依次制备磷扩散层和二氧化硅遂穿层，
所使用的正面制绒的单晶硅片按照上文所述的制备方法制得；
2)在所述步骤1)得到的单晶硅片的背面沉积氧化铝层；
3)在所述步骤2)得到的单晶硅片的正面沉积厚度为60～90nm氮化硅层；
4)在所述步骤3)得到的单晶硅片的背面沉积厚度为100～150nm的氮化硅层
5)在所述步骤4)得到的单晶硅片的背面进行激光开孔，然后丝网烧结，得到太阳能电池片。
优选的，制备得到所述磷扩散层之后，刻蚀去除磷硅玻璃，再制备二氧化硅遂穿层。
优选的，所述步骤1)中利用高温热氧化法制备厚度为2～4nm的二氧化硅遂穿层；
所述步骤2)利用原子层沉积方法在单晶硅片的背面沉积厚度为4～15nm的氧化铝层。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果为：
(1)本发明在制绒工序通过采用在硅片背表面涂布一层掩膜涂层来进行制绒，可以明显抑制硅片背表面出绒速率，形成单面制绒效果。一方面可以起到节约制绒化学品作用，另外一方面也可明显改善二次清洗后背表面的平整度问题，进而明显提升电池效率和品质。
(2)本发明以氧化硅和树脂为主要成分，在很低的温度下即可制备得到掩膜涂层，能耗小，起阻挡和掩膜作用的为树脂及氧化硅，阻挡效果更好，氧化硅除起到掩膜左右，对后续掩膜去除也起到助溶效果。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据提供的附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明一个实施例中太阳能电池片的结构示意图；
其中，1为正面银电极，2为正面氮化硅减反射膜，3为二氧化硅遂穿层，4为磷扩散发射结，5为硅片基体，6为氧化铝钝化层，7为背面氮化硅层，8为背面Al浆接触。
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种单晶硅片的单面制绒工艺，包括以下步骤：
A)将掩膜胶液涂覆至单晶硅片的背面，得到背面有掩膜涂层的单晶硅片；
所述掩膜胶液包括以下重量份数的组分：
氧化硅：0.1～1份，助剂：0.5～2份，木质素纤维：0.1～1份，阿拉伯胶：10～100份；
B)将所述背面有掩膜涂层的单晶硅片在碱性试剂中制绒后进行酸洗，去除掩膜涂层，得到单面制绒的单晶硅片。
本发明首先制备掩膜胶液，然后将掩膜胶液滴加在单晶硅片的一个表面，旋涂得到掩膜。
在本发明中，所述掩膜胶液由以下原料配制得到：
氧化硅：0.1～1份，助剂：0.5～2份，木质素纤维：0.1～1份，阿拉伯胶：10～100份。
在本发明中，所述二氧化硅的作用一方面起到掩膜作用，另一方面在后续的酸洗去除掩膜步骤中也同时起到助溶效果；所述氧化硅(SiO2)优选为纳米级二氧化硅粉料，所述氧化硅的重量份数优选为0.1～1份，更优选为0.3～0.8份，最优选为0.5～0.6份，具体的，在本发明的一个实施例中，可以是0.5份。
在本发明中，所述助剂优选包括助溶剂和氟碳表面活性剂，所述助溶剂优选为有机酸盐助溶剂，更优选为苯甲酸钠和/或水杨酸钠；所述助溶剂与所述氟碳表面活性剂的质量比优选为1∶(2～10)，更优选为1∶(3～9)，最优选为1∶(4～8)，最最优选的，还可以是1∶(5～6)；所述助剂的重量份数优选为0.5～2份，更优选为1～1.5份，具体的，在本发明的一个实施例中，可以是1份。本发明助剂中的助溶剂能够增加不同化学品在溶液中的溶解度，形成均匀胶体，表面活性剂可进一步抑制背表面反应速率，并对后续刻蚀平整度有较好改善作用
在本发明中，所述木质素能够防止掩膜胶体旋涂成膜后开裂，使膜层表面致密无开裂；所述木质素纤维的重量份数优选为0.1～1份，更优选为0.3～0.8份，最优选为0.5～0.6份，具体的，在本发明的一个实施例中，可以是0.5份。
在本发明中，所述阿拉伯胶作用主要为粘粘剂和隔离作用，可较好的使膜层粘附在硅片表面，可有效阻隔化学品与硅片表面进行反应；所述阿拉伯胶的重量份数优选为10～100份，更优选为10～50份，最优选为20～40份，具体的，在本发明的一个实施例中，可以是20份。
本发明按照上述比例将所有原料混合，升温至50～70℃，优选为55～65℃，更优选 为60℃，在该温度下搅拌5～10min，即可得到掩膜胶液。
得到掩膜胶液后，本发明将所述掩膜胶液滴加在单晶硅片的一面，旋涂制备得到掩膜涂层。
在本发明中，所述旋涂的方法为本领域所熟知的旋涂方法，本申请不再赘述。在本发明中，所述旋涂在室温下进行即可，即20～30℃。旋涂得到的掩膜涂层的厚度优选为1～10μm，更优选为3～8μm，最优选为5～6μm。
制得单面具有掩膜涂层的单晶硅片之后，本发明将其在碱性试剂中制绒后再进行酸洗，得到单面制绒的单晶硅片。
在本发明中，所述制绒工艺为本领域常用的制绒工艺，本发明在此不再赘述，所述碱性试剂可以是氢氧化钾，制绒过程中因本发明中的背表面掩膜涂层不含有与氢氧化钾反应材料，所以基本不参与制绒反应，从而实现保护单晶硅片的背面不产生金字塔状的绒面。
在本发明中，优选使用HF水溶液进行酸洗，所述HF水溶液的质量浓度优选为10～20％，更优选为15～18％；所述酸洗的目的是去除掩膜涂层。
本发明还提供了一种太阳能电池片的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1)在上文所述的正面制绒的单晶硅片的正面依次制备磷扩散层和二氧化硅遂穿层，
2)在所述步骤1)得到的单晶硅片的背面沉积氧化铝层；
3)在所述步骤2)得到的单晶硅片的正面沉积厚度为60～90nm氮化硅层；
4)在所述步骤3)得到的单晶硅片的背面沉积厚度为100～150nm的氮化硅层
5)在所述步骤4)得到的单晶硅片的背面进行激光开孔，然后丝网烧结，得到太阳能电池片。
本发明在所述单面制绒的单晶硅片的制绒面(即正面)上进行磷扩散，得到方阻为80Ω/□-150Ω/□的磷扩散层，形成N+发射极。
然后利用刻蚀设备进行磷硅玻璃的去除以及背表面抛光；由于背表面没有参与制绒反应，没有形成金字塔状绒面，相对常规制绒背表面比较平整，可以明显的提高其在背表面抛光后的平整度；
然后使用高温热氧化法在所述单晶硅片的正面生长一层SiO 2薄膜作为隧穿层，厚度在2～4nm；
然后利用原子层沉积设备在单晶硅片的背表面沉积一层氧化铝作为钝化层，厚度 为4～15nm；
然后在正面沉积氮化硅薄膜，利用等离子体化学气相沉积设备，沉积一层厚度为60～90nm的SiN薄膜，折射率在2.0～2.3。
然后在背面沉积厚度为100～150nm的氮化硅薄膜；
最后背面进行激光开孔然后丝网烧结，即可制得太阳能电池片，所用激光器为皮秒激光，开孔宽度在20～100μm，用于形成Al局部接触。
在本发明中，制备所述太阳能电池片的磷扩散、刻蚀、抛光、以及SiO 2遂穿层、氧化铝钝化层、氮化硅薄膜的制备均可使用本领域技术人员所熟知的相关制备方法，本发明对此不作特殊限制。
本发明提供了一种单晶硅片的单面制绒工艺，包括以下步骤：A)将掩膜胶液涂覆至单晶硅片的背面，得到背面有掩膜涂层的单晶硅片；所述掩膜胶液包括以下重量份数的组分：氧化硅：0.1～1份，助剂：0.5～2份，木质素纤维：0.1～1份，阿拉伯胶：10～100份；B)将所述背面有掩膜涂层的单晶硅片在碱性试剂中制绒后进行酸洗，去除掩膜涂层，得到单面制绒的单晶硅片。本发明在制绒工序通过采用在硅片背表面涂布一层掩膜涂层来进行制绒，可以明显抑制硅片背表面出绒速率，形成单面制绒效果。一方面可以起到节约制绒化学品作用，另外一方面也可明显改善二次清洗后背表面的平整度问题，进而明显提升电池效率和品质。另外，本发明以氧化硅和树脂为主要成分，在很低的温度下即可制备得到掩膜涂层，能耗小，起阻挡和掩膜作用的为树脂及氧化硅，阻挡效果更好，氧化硅除起到掩膜左右，对后续掩膜去除也起到助溶效果。
为了进一步说明本发明，以下结合实施例对本发明提供的一种单晶硅片的单面制绒工艺及太阳能电池片的制备方法进行详细描述，但不能将其理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。
实施例1
分别按比例加入树脂，纤维素，助剂以及纳米氧化硅粉末，60℃加热搅拌5min，配制成溶液状胶体(氧化硅粉末∶助剂∶纤维素∶树脂质量比＝1∶1∶0.5∶15)。
将P型单晶硅片放置于旋涂仪器托盘，滴加掩膜胶于硅片背表面，旋涂制备成厚度为2μm的掩膜胶；
制绒，使用氢氧化钾溶液进行制绒，制绒后使用10％的HF水溶液洗去掩膜胶；
磷扩散，得到方阻为130Ω/□的磷扩散层，形成N+发射极；
利用刻蚀设备进行磷硅玻璃的去除以及背表面抛光；由于背表面没有参与制绒反应，没有形成金字塔状绒面，相对常规制绒背表面比较平整，可以明显的提高其在背表面抛光后的平整度
利用高温热氧化法在P型晶体硅正面生长一层SiO 2薄膜作为隧穿层，厚度在5nm；
利用原子层沉积设备在背表面沉积一层氧化铝作为钝化层，厚度为10nm；
正面沉积氮化硅薄膜，利用等离子体化学气相沉积设备，沉积一层厚度为90nm的SiN薄膜，折射率为2.11；
背面沉积厚度为80nm的氮化硅薄膜；
背面进行激光开孔，所用激光器为皮秒激光，开孔宽度在30μm，用于形成Al局部接触；
丝网烧结。
实施例2
分别按比例加入树脂，纤维素，助剂以及纳米氧化硅粉末，60℃加热搅拌5min，配制成溶液状胶体(氧化硅粉末∶助剂∶纤维素∶树脂质量比＝0.5∶1∶0.5∶20)。
将P型单晶硅片放置于旋涂仪器托盘，滴加掩膜胶于硅片背表面，旋涂制备成厚度为1μm的掩膜胶；
制绒，使用氢氧化钾溶液进行制绒，制绒后使用10％的HF水溶液洗去掩膜胶；
磷扩散，得到方阻为110Ω/□的磷扩散层，形成N+发射极；
利用刻蚀设备进行磷硅玻璃的去除以及背表面抛光；由于背表面没有参与制绒反应，没有形成金字塔状绒面，相对常规制绒背表面比较平整，可以明显的提高其在背表面抛光后的平整度
利用高温热氧化法在P型晶体硅正面生长一层SiO 2薄膜作为隧穿层，厚度在3nm；
利用原子层沉积设备在背表面沉积一层氧化铝作为钝化层，厚度为8nm；
正面沉积氮化硅薄膜，利用等离子体化学气相沉积设备，沉积一层厚度为80nm的SiN薄膜，折射率为2.11；
背面沉积厚度为85nm的氮化硅薄膜；
背面进行激光开孔，所用激光器为皮秒激光，开孔宽度在30μm，用于形成Al局部接触；
丝网烧结。
实施例3
分别按比例加入树脂，纤维素，助剂以及纳米氧化硅粉末，60℃加热搅拌5min，配制成溶液状胶体(氧化硅粉末∶助剂∶纤维素∶树脂质量比＝0.5∶1∶0.5∶20)。
将P型单晶硅片放置于旋涂仪器托盘，滴加掩膜胶于硅片背表面，旋涂制备成厚度为4μm的掩膜胶；
制绒，使用氢氧化钾溶液进行制绒，制绒后使用10％的HF水溶液洗去掩膜胶；
磷扩散，得到方阻为160Ω/□的磷扩散层，形成N+发射极；
利用刻蚀设备进行磷硅玻璃的去除以及背表面抛光；由于背表面没有参与制绒反应，没有形成金字塔状绒面，相对常规制绒背表面比较平整，可以明显的提高其在背表面抛光后的平整度
利用高温热氧化法在P型晶体硅正面生长一层SiO 2薄膜作为隧穿层，厚度在3.5nm；
利用原子层沉积设备在背表面沉积一层氧化铝作为钝化层，厚度为6nm；
正面沉积氮化硅薄膜，利用等离子体化学气相沉积设备，沉积一层厚度为75nm的SiN薄膜，折射率为2.09；
背面沉积厚度为85nm的氮化硅薄膜；
背面进行激光开孔，所用激光器为皮秒激光，开孔宽度在35μm，用于形成Al局部接触；
丝网烧结。
性能测试
实施例1性能测试对比数据
分组 Eta/％ Voc/V Isc/A FF/％ Rs RsH IRev2
BSL 22.777 0.6857 10.3619 80.7754 0.00204 803 0.0415
实验组 22.826 0.6861 10.3738 80.8117 0.00204 1054 0.0378
实施例2性能测试对比数据
分组 Eta/％ Voc/V Isc/A FF/％ Rs RsH IRev2
BSL 22.762 0.6855 10.3609 80.7532 0.00205 799 0.0488
实验组 22.830 0.6861 10.3739 80.8175 0.00203 953 0.0411
实施例3性能测试对比数据
Figure PCTCN2021075700-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2021075700-appb-000002
由上可知，实施例1-3的3组实验电池开路电压及短路电流均有不同程度提升，使得电池效率有明显的优化，提升幅度在0.03-0.07％之间，取得了良好的效果。并且在制绒及刻蚀段化学品节省量为40％左右，目前制绒及刻蚀段成本为0.0249元/W，以1GW产能计算，每年节省化学品费用预计达到996万元人民币左右。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种单晶硅片的单面制绒工艺，包括以下步骤：
    A)将掩膜胶液涂覆至单晶硅片的一面，得到单面有掩膜涂层的单晶硅片；
    所述掩膜胶液包括以下重量份数的组分：
    氧化硅：0.1～1份，助剂：0.5～2份，木质素纤维：0.1～1份，阿拉伯胶：10～100份；
    B)将所述单面有掩膜涂层的单晶硅片在碱性试剂中制绒后进行酸洗，去除掩膜涂层，得到单面制绒的单晶硅片。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的单面制绒工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤A)中的涂覆工艺为旋涂，所述旋涂的温度为20～30℃。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的单面制绒工艺，其特征在于，所述助剂包括助溶剂和氟碳表面活性剂；
    所述助溶剂为有机酸盐助溶剂，所述助溶剂和氟碳表面活性剂的质量比为1∶(2～10)。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的单面制绒工艺，其特征在于，所述掩膜涂层的厚度为1～10μm。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的单面制绒工艺，其特征在于，将氧化硅、助剂、木质素纤维和阿拉伯胶按照比例混合，加热至50～70℃，搅拌5～10min，得到掩膜胶液。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的单面制绒工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤B)使用HF水溶液进行酸洗，所述HF水溶液的质量浓度为10～20％。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的单面制绒工艺，其特征在于，所述掩膜胶液包括以下重量份数的组分：
    氧化硅：0.5～1份，助剂：1～1.5份，木质素纤维：0.5～1份，阿拉伯胶：10～50份。
  8. 一种太阳能电池片的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
    1)在正面制绒的单晶硅片的正面依次制备磷扩散层和二氧化硅遂穿层，
    所使用的正面制绒的单晶硅片按照权利要求1～7任意一项所述的制备方法制得；
    2)在所述步骤1)得到的单晶硅片的背面沉积氧化铝层；
    3)在所述步骤2)得到的单晶硅片的正面沉积厚度为60～90nm氮化硅层；
    4)在所述步骤3)得到的单晶硅片的背面沉积厚度为100～150nm的氮化硅层
    5)在所述步骤4)得到的单晶硅片的背面进行激光开孔，然后丝网烧结，得到太阳能电池片。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的太阳能电池片的制备方法，其特征在于，制备得到所述磷扩散层之后，刻蚀去除磷硅玻璃，再制备二氧化硅遂穿层。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的太阳能电池片的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤1)中利用高温热氧化法制备厚度为2～4nm的二氧化硅遂穿层；
    所述步骤2)利用原子层沉积方法在单晶硅片的背面沉积厚度为4～15nm的氧化铝层。
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