WO2022021925A1 - 一种上部受流的受流装置 - Google Patents

一种上部受流的受流装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022021925A1
WO2022021925A1 PCT/CN2021/085177 CN2021085177W WO2022021925A1 WO 2022021925 A1 WO2022021925 A1 WO 2022021925A1 CN 2021085177 W CN2021085177 W CN 2021085177W WO 2022021925 A1 WO2022021925 A1 WO 2022021925A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plate
pantograph
receiving device
casing
current receiving
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/085177
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
梁坤
张彦林
陈珍宝
陈明国
冯叶
袁超
孙宁
王秋红
杨文超
李军
吕阶军
Original Assignee
中车株洲电力机车有限公司
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Publication date
Application filed by 中车株洲电力机车有限公司 filed Critical 中车株洲电力机车有限公司
Publication of WO2022021925A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022021925A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L5/00—Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L5/18—Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles using bow-type collectors in contact with trolley wire
    • B60L5/22—Supporting means for the contact bow
    • B60L5/28—Devices for lifting and resetting the collector
    • B60L5/30—Devices for lifting and resetting the collector using springs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L5/00—Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L5/18—Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles using bow-type collectors in contact with trolley wire
    • B60L5/22—Supporting means for the contact bow
    • B60L5/28—Devices for lifting and resetting the collector
    • B60L5/32—Devices for lifting and resetting the collector using fluid pressure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a current receiving device with an upper current receiving device, belonging to the field of electric locomotives.
  • the pantograph is an electrical device that obtains electric energy from the catenary for electric traction locomotives.
  • the electric power is obtained through the contact between the pantograph carbon slide and the catenary to provide power for the vehicle.
  • the current receiving method of the current receiving device mainly depends on the position of the contact rail relative to the vehicle.
  • the current receiving methods of the current receiving device are mainly the side current receiving and the lower current receiving.
  • the upper current receiving device will accelerate its own weight in the process of opening.
  • the descending speed of the bow head is very likely to have a violent impact with the contact rail, which seriously affects the service life of each component of the current receiving device on the upper part.
  • the current receiving device needs to feed back to the vehicle whether it is in the working position.
  • the installation space of the current receiving device is limited, especially when the high-voltage catenary is used, it needs to be kept at the same time. Adequate electrical clearances and creepage distances.
  • Chinese patent application CN110667391A discloses an upper current receiving device, which focuses on studying the relative position of the upper current receiving device relative to the power supply, and does not involve the specific structure of the upper current receiving device.
  • Chinese utility model patent CN204452065U discloses a pneumatic single-arm double current receiving pantograph, which belongs to a lower current receiving device.
  • the pantograph lifting process of the patent is completely and only provided by the air cylinder.
  • the pantograph cuts off the air supply to the air cylinder by controlling the air circuit, so that the pantograph falls back to the folded state by gravity.
  • the function of its spring is to prevent the bow head from turning over during the pantograph raising and lowering process.
  • the stability of the contact pressure between the pantograph and the catenary is the premise to ensure the reliable current receiving of the pantograph.
  • the lifting force of the passive pantograph in the closed running direction is usually greater than that in the open running direction.
  • the pantograph-catenary contact force in the closed running direction is greater than that in the open running direction.
  • the contact force of pantograph and catenary will make the difference between the contact force of pantograph and catenary in the running direction of opening and closing, which will affect the current receiving performance of the pantograph.
  • the passive pantograph it is usually adopted to add a deflector with an upward viewing angle to the running direction of the opening on both sides of the pantograph head assembly, and a deflector with a top angle to the closed operating direction, and the deflector It is usually arc-shaped and fixed on the insulating bow angle and carbon skateboard bracket through the bracket.
  • the deflector with an upward viewing angle can effectively intercept the air resistance and obtain the rising aerodynamic force;
  • the deflector with a top view angle can obtain the downward pressure aerodynamic force, so as to adjust the air resistance during high-speed operation.
  • the dynamic contact pressure of the pantograph in the opening and closing directions of the pantograph improves the current receiving quality of the pantograph in opening and closing.
  • the pantographs used in rail vehicles can be mainly divided into: single-carbon skateboard pantographs, double-carbon skateboard pantographs, and four-carbon skateboard pantographs, depending on the number of carbon skateboards.
  • the pantographs of multi-carbon skateboards such as dual-carbon skateboards and four-carbon skateboards have large air disturbances between the carbon skateboards due to the large volume and mass of the bow heads, resulting in poor current receiving stability. Therefore, for high-speed vehicles, a single carbon skateboard pantograph is generally used.
  • the bow head assembly of the single-carbon skateboard pantograph cannot form a frame structure between the carbon skateboards like the bow head assembly of the multi-carbon skateboard pantograph, so the structure of the bow head assembly of the single-carbon skateboard pantograph is relatively thin. If the deflectors are arranged on both sides of the bow head assembly of the single-carbon slide pantograph, when the vehicle runs at high speed, the huge resistance formed by the air to the deflector will easily cause the bow head assembly to bend and deform, which will affect the contact between the carbon slide plate and the catenary. Response speed, resulting in poor contact. In addition, the existing deflector needs to be fixed by a bracket.
  • the space of the bow head area is small, which is inconvenient to install the bracket; on the other hand, the bracket itself has a certain weight And the volume will increase the weight and wind resistance of the bow head, and increase the burden on the bow head.
  • the invention aims to provide a current receiving device with an upper current receiving device, which can realize the smooth contact between the bow head of the current receiving device and the contact rail, and send position signals such as opening or shrinking of itself to the vehicle.
  • a current receiving device for receiving current at the upper part comprising a base plate, a base frame, a rotating insulator and a supporting insulator installed between the base plate and the base frame, and a four-bar linkage mechanism composed of an upper arm rod, a lower arm rod, a tie rod and a base frame
  • the two ends of the tie rod are hingedly connected with the chassis and the upper arm rod respectively, and the connecting rod is connected with the rotating insulator;
  • the extension end of the upper arm rod is equipped with a bow head; its structural characteristics are:
  • the bottom frame is equipped with a cylinder, and the cylinder piston rod of the cylinder is hingedly connected with the lower arm rod and the connecting rod at the same time; the extension or contraction of the cylinder piston rod drives the lower arm rod to rotate, thereby making the grounding device connected with the lower arm rod Open or shrink, and at the same time drive the connecting rod to rotate and then drive the rotating insulator to rotate;
  • An elastic element is connected between the bottom frame and the lower arm, the elastic element keeps the bow head in contact with the contact rail and generates a certain contact pressure when the current receiving device is in the working position, and the elastic element is in the non-working position of the current receiving device When in position, the bow head is in the folded position and a certain holding force is generated.
  • the current receiving device of the present invention for receiving the upper current is mounted on the vehicle through the insulator. After the cylinder is inflated and opened in place, the air is cut off, and the device relies on the tension of the elastic element to contact the contact rail, maintain a certain contact pressure and collect conduction current; when the cylinder is inflated again, the upper current-receiving device returns to the initial folded position, and then When the air is cut off, the device is held in the folded position by the tension of the elastic element.
  • the device can send a position signal to the vehicle, such as when it is open or retracted. By choosing different insulators, the device can be applied to vehicles such as subways, light rails and mainline locomotives.
  • the present invention can also be further optimized, and the following is the technical solution formed after optimization:
  • the air cylinder is inflated and cut off after it is in place, and the bow head relies on the elastic element to connect with the air.
  • the contact rails are in contact; the air cylinder is re-inflated to make the bow head return to the initial folded position and then cut off, and the bow head is kept in the folded position by the elastic element.
  • the pull rod is assembled with aluminum alloy rods; the two ends of the pull rod are hinged with the bottom frame and the upper arm rod respectively by universal bearings.
  • a boss is provided near the connection between the upper arm rod and the bow head.
  • the bow head comprises a bracket and a braided wire, and a buffer plate arranged in the middle of the bracket, and the buffer plate is hinged with the upper arm rod.
  • the buffer board is preferably a foam board.
  • An air path distributor is connected between the bottom plate and the bottom frame, and the air path distributor communicates with the air chamber of the cylinder.
  • an auxiliary chain and a cam connected to the rotating insulator are installed on the bottom plate.
  • the cam presses the auxiliary chain and moves toward the rotating insulator. The vehicle transmits the signal.
  • the base plate is mounted on a roof mount.
  • the elastic element is a spring. Therefore, after the cylinder is inflated and opened in place, the air is cut off, the device relies on the spring tension to contact the contact rail, maintains a certain contact pressure and collects conduction current; when the cylinder is inflated again, the device returns to the initial folded position, and then cuts off, the device relies on the spring The tension remains in the folded position.
  • the current receiving device further includes a shroud, the shroud includes a shroud extending along the axial direction of the pantograph rotating shaft.
  • the casing, the two end faces of the casing along the axial direction of the pantograph rotating shaft are provided with through holes for matching with the pantograph rotating shaft;
  • the top surface of the casing is a horizontal plane, and the casing is set to face the power receiving
  • the side face in the running direction of the opening of the bow is the first face
  • the side face of the casing facing the running direction of the pantograph closed is the second face
  • the lower end of the first face is inclined toward the inside of the casing relative to the upper end of the first face to make the first face.
  • One surface forms an inclined surface
  • the middle portion of the second surface protrudes toward the outside of the casing relative to the upper and lower ends of the second surface, so that the second surface forms a bent surface.
  • the shroud can not only stabilize the contact force of the pantograph, but also can be directly installed on the rotating shaft of the bow head assembly without using a bracket to fix it, which reduces the volume and weight required by the bracket, and reduces the weight and wind resistance of the bow head , reducing the burden on the bow head.
  • the above-mentioned shroud can be directly sleeved on the rotating shaft of the single-carbon sliding plate pantograph through the through hole for fixing, so that no bracket is required.
  • the air deflector of the present invention is worn on the rotating shaft, and the huge resistance formed by the air to the air deflector has little influence on the bow head assembly, and does not affect the bow head assembly. It will cause the bow head assembly to bend and deform.
  • the top surface of the shroud is flat, and the inclined surface of the shroud faces the running direction of the opening of the vehicle, so that when the vehicle runs in the direction of the opening, the airflow produces an upward lifting force on the shroud.
  • the curved surface of the shroud faces the running direction of the vehicle's closed mouth, so that when the vehicle runs in the direction of the closed mouth, the airflow will generate upward lifting force and downward pressure on the shroud at the same time, so the lifting force on the curved surface of the shroud will be Less than the lift force received by the slope of the shroud, the lift force received by the corresponding pantograph in the closing direction is smaller than the lift force received by the pantograph in the opening direction, thus reducing the opening and closing direction of the pantograph.
  • the difference in mesh contact force is provided to reduce the lifting force received by the pantograph in the opening direction.
  • the shell is formed by connecting a first cover and a second cover with opposite openings, the first cover has a first surface, and the second cover has a second surface. Therefore, the casing is divided into two parts, which can facilitate the installation and removal of the air guide cover.
  • the first housing includes a first plate, a second plate, and two third plates connected between the first plate and the second plate, and the two third plates are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the pantograph rotating shaft;
  • the first plate is arranged horizontally, the upper end of the second plate is connected to the end of the first plate away from the second cover, and the lower end of the second plate is arranged close to the second cover relative to the upper end of the second plate, so that the The outer side of the second plate forms the first surface;
  • the second casing includes a fourth plate, a fifth plate, and two sixth plates connected between the fourth plate and the fifth plate, the two third plates
  • the six plates are in one-to-one correspondence with the two third plates;
  • the fourth plate is arranged horizontally, and the upper end of the fifth plate is connected to the end of the fourth plate away from the second cover;
  • the middle of the fifth plate is opposite to the fifth plate
  • the upper and lower ends of the plates protrude away from the first casing, so that the outer side of
  • the length of the casing along the axial direction of the pantograph shaft is smaller than the length of the pantograph shaft.
  • the pantograph rotating shaft is connected with a carbon sliding plate and a bow angle, and the flow shroud is pierced through the through hole and fixed on the pantograph rotating shaft.
  • the shroud of the present invention is especially suitable for a single-slide pantograph.
  • the shroud includes a cover body, the top surface of the cover body is flat, and one side of the top surface has an inclined surface inclined from the top surface to the inner side of the cover body.
  • the other side of the surface has a bent surface protruding from the top to the outside of the cover body, and the side end surface of the cover body is provided with fixing holes.
  • the cover body is formed by splicing a left cover shell and a right cover shell.
  • the left cover includes a left folding plate bent in a "7" shape and a left sealing plate arranged at both ends of the inner side of the left folding plate and perpendicular to it;
  • the right cover includes a right folding plate bent in a "C” shape and a right sealing plate arranged at both ends of the inner side of the right folded plate and perpendicular to it.
  • the main structure of the first casing in the "7" shape can be obtained by bending the plate once; similarly, the second "C" shape can be obtained by bending the plate twice.
  • the main structure of the cover is less difficult to process and has a light and simple structure.
  • a bow head assembly for a single-slide pantograph comprising bow head suspension, bow horns arranged on both sides of the bow head suspension, a carbon slide plate arranged on the top of the bow head suspension, and a rotating shaft arranged in the middle of the bow head suspension, characterized in that :
  • the above-mentioned shroud is installed in the middle of the rotating shaft. Therefore, by installing the shroud in the middle of the pantograph rotating shaft, the bending deformation of the bow assembly caused by installing the deflector on both sides of the bow assembly can be avoided, thereby ensuring the safety between the carbon slide plate and the catenary.
  • the contact response speed ensures stable contact between the carbon slide and the catenary.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the current receiving device of the present invention has a simple structure and is easy to assemble, and can realize the smooth opening and folding of the current receiving device, while feeding back the position state of the current receiving device.
  • CN204452065U contains a cylinder and a spring
  • the working principle and the functions of the cylinder and the spring are completely different, as follows:
  • the lifting process is different: the pantograph lifting process in CN204452065U is completely and only provided by the cylinder.
  • the lifting process of the present invention relies on the joint action of the spring and the cylinder. When the opening angle is small, it only relies on the cylinder. When the opening angle reaches a certain value, the cylinder exhausts and no longer provides the driving force for the opening of the pantograph. The driving force for the pantograph to continue to open is provided by the pantograph's own weight and the spring tension.
  • the process of lowering the bow is different: the pantograph in CN204452065U cuts off the air supply of the cylinder by controlling the air circuit, so that the pantograph falls back to the folded state by gravity.
  • the air cylinder of the present invention is a two-way air cylinder, and the air supply is reversed (opposite to the air cavity in the lifting process) to drive the piston rod of the cylinder to move in the opposite direction, so that the pantograph head rises back to the folded state.
  • the pantograph in CN204452065U is to avoid the bow head turning over during the pantograph lifting and lowering process.
  • the present invention relies on its own structure (eg, the boss 12 ) to avoid the overturning of the bow head during the pantograph raising and lowering process.
  • the shroud of the present invention can not only stabilize the contact force of the pantograph, but also can be directly installed on the rotating shaft of the bow head assembly without using a bracket to fix it, which reduces the volume and weight required by the bracket, and reduces the weight and cost of the bow head. Wind resistance reduces the burden on the bow head.
  • the shroud is installed in the middle of the rotating shaft of the bow head assembly of the single-slide pantograph to replace the guide plates installed on both sides of the bow head assembly, which can avoid the bow head assembly bending deformation caused by the vehicle running at high speed, thus The contact response speed between the carbon sliding plate and the catenary can be guaranteed, and the contact stability between the carbon sliding plate and the catenary can be ensured.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the rear view of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is the left side view of Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 4 is the top view of Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the upper arm rod 5 in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 6 is the structural representation of bow head 4 in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 7 is a partial enlarged view of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 8 is the top view of Fig. 7;
  • Fig. 9 is the structural representation (with partial section) of the bottom plate 11 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the bow head 4 of the present invention in a folded position
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the bow head 4 of the present invention in a working position
  • Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of a bow head assembly of a single-slide pantograph
  • FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a shroud
  • Figure 14 is an exploded schematic diagram of a shroud
  • Figure 15 is a side view of the shroud.
  • the upper current-receiving device of this embodiment includes a gas path distributor 1, a spring 2, a cylinder 3, a bow head 4, an upper arm rod 5, a lower arm rod 6, a pull rod 7, a bottom arm
  • the frame 8 the supporting insulator 9, the rotating insulator 10 and the bottom plate 11 and other parts.
  • the bottom plate is installed on the roof mounting seat, and the supporting insulator 9 is installed between the current receiving device chassis 8 and the bottom plate 11, so that the current receiving device is insulated from the roof, and the supporting insulator 9 can be adjusted according to the voltage level of the catenary. Make optimization.
  • the four-link mechanism composed of the upper arm rod 5, the lower arm rod 6, the pull rod 7 and the bottom frame 8, the pull rod 7 is assembled with aluminum alloy rods, and the two ends are made of universal bearings and the bottom frame.
  • the frame 8 and the upper arm rod 5 are hinged to reduce the frictional force of the current receiving device.
  • the upper arm rod 5 and the lower arm rod 6 adopt an additive manufacturing process, which reduces the deformation caused by welding parts.
  • the bow head 4 is composed of a bracket 13 , a braided wire 14 and a foam board 15 .
  • the foam board can absorb the impact between the bow head and the contact rail, effectively reducing the damage to the bow head.
  • one end of the cylinder 3 is hinged with the base frame 8
  • the cylinder piston rod 16 is hinged with the lower arm rod 6 and is also hinged with the connecting rod 17 .
  • the connecting rod 17 is connected to the rotating insulator 9 .
  • Compressed gas enters the cylinder through the gas path distributor 1, pushes the cylinder piston rod 16 to advance or shrink, drives the lower arm rod 6 to rotate, and then opens or shrinks the grounding device, and drives the connecting rod 17 to rotate, thereby driving the rotating insulator 9 to rotate.
  • the bottom plate 11 includes a cam 18 and an auxiliary interlock 19.
  • the cam 18 is connected to the rotating insulator 9, and the auxiliary interlock is installed on the bottom plate 11.
  • the cylinder 3 is hinged with the lower arm rod 6 , and the cylinder piston rod extends after the intake of air on one side of the cylinder 3 to drive the lower arm rod 6 to rotate to realize the opening of the current receiving device in this embodiment.
  • the air on the other side of the cylinder 3 makes the current receiving device slowly open to the working position.
  • the bow head 4 contains a foam board to absorb the contact between the bow head 4 and the contact rail. shock.
  • the air cylinder 3 is cut off, and the current receiving device relies on the spring to maintain the contact pressure between the bow head 4 and the contact rail.
  • the cylinder piston rod shrinks, which drives the lower arm rod 6 to rotate so that the current receiving device returns to the folded position.
  • a cam 18 is installed on the bottom plate 11 to be connected with the rotating insulator 9 .
  • the piston of the cylinder 3 extends and contracts, it will drive the rotating insulator 9 to rotate, and at the same time drive the cam 18 on the bottom plate 11 .
  • Rotating and compressing the auxiliary switch mounted on the bottom plate 11 transmits the signal to the vehicle.
  • the shroud for a single-slide pantograph in this embodiment includes a casing 21 extending along the axial direction of the pantograph rotating shaft 26 .
  • the casing 21 is a hollow structure with a quadrangular cross section.
  • the casing 21 is provided with a through hole 22 which is matched with the pantograph rotating shaft 26 , and the through hole 22 penetrates through the two end faces 31 of the casing 21 along the axial direction of the pantograph rotating shaft 26 (in the direction of arrow C as shown in FIG. 13 ).
  • the top surface 36 of the shell 21 is a horizontal plane, and the side of the shell 21 facing the pantograph opening running direction (the direction of arrow A shown in Figure 15) is the first surface 32, and the shell 21 is set toward the pantograph closed opening.
  • the side surface in the running direction in the direction of arrow B as shown in FIG.
  • the second surface 33 is the second surface 33 , and the lower end of the first surface 32 is inclined relative to the upper end of the first surface 32 toward the inside of the housing 21 so that the first surface 32 forms an inclined surface.
  • the middle portion of the two surfaces 33 protrudes toward the outside of the casing 21 relative to the upper and lower ends of the second surface 33 so that the second surface 33 forms a bent surface.
  • the housing 21 is formed by connecting a first cover 34 and a second cover 35 with opposite openings.
  • the first cover 34 has a first surface 32 and the second cover 35 has a Second side 33.
  • the first housing 34 includes a first plate 141, a second plate 142, and two third plates 143 connected between the first plate 141 and the second plate 142, and the two third plates 143 are along the pantograph rotation axis 26 Spaced in the axial direction; the first plate 141 is arranged horizontally, the upper end of the second plate 142 is connected to the end of the first plate 141 away from the second casing 35 , and the lower end of the second plate 142 faces the second plate 142 relative to the upper end of the second plate 142
  • the cover 35 is inclined so that the outer side surface of the second plate 142 forms the first surface 32 .
  • the main structure of the first casing 34 in the shape of a "7" can be formed by bending the plate once, and then two third plates 143 are welded between the first plate 141 and the second plate 142 to form the first Housing 34.
  • the processing difficulty is small, and the structure is light and simple.
  • the second housing 35 includes a fourth plate 151, a fifth plate 152, and two sixth plates 153 connected between the fourth plate 151 and the fifth plate 152, two sixth plates 153 and two third plates 143 one-to-one correspondence; the fourth plate 151 is arranged horizontally, and the upper end of the fifth plate 152 is connected to the end of the fourth plate 151 away from the second cover 35 ; the middle of the fifth plate 152 faces away from the upper and lower ends of the fifth plate 152 The first cover 34 protrudes so that the outer side surface of the fifth plate 152 forms the second surface 33 .
  • the main structure of the second casing 35 in a "C" shape can be formed, and then two sixth plates 153 are welded between the fourth plate 151 and the fifth plate 152 to form the first Two casings 35 .
  • the processing difficulty is small, and the structure is light and simple.
  • the two casings are connected to form the housing 21 in the following manner: the first plate 141 and the fourth plate 151 are connected by fasteners to form a top plate with the top surface 36 ; the lower end of the second plate 142 and the fifth plate 151 are The lower end of the plate 152 abuts; the third plate 143 is connected with the corresponding sixth plate 153 by fasteners to form an end plate with the end face 31 .
  • the third plate 143 and the sixth plate 153 each have a semicircular cutout, and the two semicircular cutouts form the through hole 22 after the third plate 143 and the sixth plate 153 are connected.
  • the deflector of this embodiment can be fixed by directly covering the pantograph shaft 26 of the single-carbon slide pantograph through the through hole 22 , eliminating the need for a stand.
  • the top surface of the shroud is a plane
  • the first surface 32 of the shroud is an inclined surface inclined to the inner side of the hood
  • the first surface 32 faces the running direction of the opening of the vehicle, so that when the vehicle runs in the direction of the opening, the airflow is generated on the shroud. upward lift.
  • the second surface 33 of the shroud is a curved surface whose middle part protrudes toward the outside of the hood body relative to the upper and lower ends, and the curved surface faces the direction of the vehicle's closed opening, so that when the vehicle runs in the closing direction, the air flow to the shroud is simultaneously generated upward. Therefore, the lifting force on the bending surface of the shroud will be less than the lifting force on the slope of the shroud, and the lifting force on the corresponding pantograph when it runs in the closed direction is smaller than that on the pantograph.
  • the lifting force received in the opening direction reduces the difference between the pantograph and catenary contact force in the opening and closing directions of the pantograph.
  • a pantograph head assembly of a single-slide pantograph includes a pantograph rotating shaft 26 , a carbon slide plate 25 , the above-mentioned shroud, and two bow angles 24 .
  • Both ends of the pantograph rotating shaft 26 are provided with bow head suspensions 23
  • the two bow angles 24 are respectively connected to the two ends of the pantograph shaft 26 through the corresponding bow head suspensions 23
  • the carbon sliding plate 25 is connected through the two bow head suspensions 23 .
  • the shroud passes through the through hole 22 and is fixed to the middle of the pantograph rotating shaft 26 .
  • the shroud is installed in the middle of the pantograph shaft 26, which avoids the bending and deformation of the bow assembly caused by installing the deflector on both sides of the bow assembly, thereby ensuring the contact response speed between the carbon slide plate and the catenary. , to ensure stable contact between the carbon slide and the catenary.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Current-Collector Devices For Electrically Propelled Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

一种上部受流的受流装置，受流装置包括底板（11）、转动绝缘子（10）和支持绝缘子（9），以及由上臂杆（5）、下臂杆（6）、拉杆（7）、底架（8）组成的四连杆机构；拉杆（7）的两端分别与底架（8）和上臂杆（5）铰接相连，连杆（17）与转动绝缘子（10）连接；上臂杆（5）的伸出端装有弓头（4）；底架（8）上装有气缸（3），气缸（3）的气缸活塞杆（16）同时与下臂杆（6）和连杆（17）铰接相连；气缸活塞杆（16）伸出或收缩带动下臂杆（6）转动进而使与下臂杆（6）相连的接地装置张开或收缩，同时带动连杆（17）转动进而带动转动绝缘子（10）转动；底架（8）与下臂杆（6）之间连接有弹性元件。

Description

一种上部受流的受流装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种上部受流的受流装置，属于电力机车领域。
背景技术
受电弓是一种电力牵引机车从接触网取得电能的电气设备，通过受电弓碳滑板与接触网的接触获取电能，为车辆提供动力。
受流装置的受流方式主要取决于接触轨相对于车辆的位置。
目前受流装置的受流方式主要为侧部受流和下部受流，相对于侧部受流和下部受流的受流装置，上部受流的受流装置在张开的过程中自重会加快弓头下降的速度，极易与接触轨剧烈冲击，严重影响上部受流的受流装置的各部件的使用寿命。同时为了便于车辆进行相关逻辑判断并进行相关后续指令，受流装置需要将自身是否处于工作位的状态反馈给车辆，而受流装置的安装空间有限，尤其在高电压接触网使用时需要同时保持足够的电气间隙和爬电距离。这些都是上部受流的受流装置需要重点解决的问题。
中国专利申请CN110667391A公开了一种上部受流装置，该专利侧重点在于研究上部受流装置相对于供电的相对位置，不涉及上部受流装置的具体结构。
中国实用新型专利CN204452065U公开了一种气动式单臂双受流受电弓，该受流受电弓属于一种下部受流装置。该专利的受电弓升弓过程完全而且仅依靠气缸提供，同时受电弓通过控制气路切断气缸的供气，让受电弓依靠重力下降回到折叠状态。此外，其弹簧的作用是避免受电弓升降弓过程弓头翻转。
此外，受电弓与接触网之间接触压力的稳定是保证受电弓可靠受流的前提。在列车运行时，受制于受电弓的结构，被动式受电弓在闭口运行方向的抬升力通常会大于开口运行方向的抬升力，对应地，闭口运行方向的弓网接触力大于开口运行方向的弓网接触力，因而会使得开、闭口运行方向弓网接触力具有的差值，影响受电弓的受流性能。因此，对于被动式受电弓，通常是采取在受电弓弓头组件的两侧增加与开口运行方向成仰视角度的导流板，与闭口运行方向为成俯视角度的导流板，导流板通常为弧形，通过支架固定于绝缘弓角、碳滑板支架上。使得受电弓开口运行时成仰视角度的导流板能有效截取空气阻力，获得上升空气动力；闭口运行时成俯视角度的导流板则会获得下压的空气动力，从而调节高速运行时受电弓在开、闭口方向的弓网动态接触压力，改善受电弓开、闭口运行受流质量。
目前轨道车辆所使用的受电弓以碳滑板数目的不同，主要可分为：单碳滑板受电弓、双碳滑板受电弓以及四碳滑板受电弓等。在车辆高速运行时，双碳滑板、四碳滑板等多碳滑板受电弓由于弓头的体积以及质量较大，使得碳滑板间存在较大的空气扰动、造成受流稳定性较差。因此，对于高速车辆，一般采用单碳滑板受电弓。而单碳滑板受电弓的弓头组件无法同多碳滑板受电弓的弓头组件一样在各碳滑板之间形成框架结构，因此单碳滑板受电弓的弓头组件的结构较为单薄。若在单碳滑板受电弓的弓头组件两侧设置导流板，当车辆高速运行时，空气对导流板形成的巨大阻力容易造成弓头组件弯曲变形而影响碳滑板与接触网的接触响应速度，导致接触不良。此外，现有的导流板需要通过支架进行固定，对于单碳滑板受电弓的弓头组件而言，一方面弓头区域空间狭小，不便于安装支架；另一方面支架本身具有一定的重量和体积，会增加弓头的重量和风阻，对弓头增加负担。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种上部受流的受流装置，该受流装置能够实现受流装置弓头与接触轨平稳的接触，并将自身所处的张开或收缩等位置信号发送给车辆。
为了实现上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案是：
一种上部受流的受流装置，包括底板、底架、装在底板与底架之间的转动绝缘子和支撑绝缘子，以及由上臂杆、下臂杆、拉杆、底架组成的四连杆机构；所述拉杆的两端分别与底架和上臂杆铰接相连，所述连杆与转动绝缘子连接；所述上臂杆的伸出端装有弓头；其结构特点是：
所述底架上装有气缸，该气缸的气缸活塞杆同时与所述下臂杆和连杆铰接相连；该气缸活塞杆伸出或收缩带动下臂杆转动进而使与下臂杆相连的接地装置张开或收缩，同时带动连杆转动进而带动转动绝缘子转动；
所述底架与下臂杆之间连接有弹性元件，该弹性元件在受流装置处于工作位时保持弓头与接触轨接触并产生一定的接触压力，该弹性元件在受流装置处于非工作位时使弓头处于折叠位并产生一定的保持力。
由此，本发明的上部受流的受流装置通过绝缘子安装车辆上。在气缸充气张开到位后断气，装置依靠弹性元件的拉力与接触轨接触，保持一定的接触压力并集取传导电流；当气缸再次充气，上部受流的受流装置回到初始折叠位置，随后断气，装置依靠弹性元件的拉力保持在折叠位置。该装置可将自身所处的张开或收缩等位置信号发送给车辆。通过选择不同的绝缘子，该装置可适用于地铁、轻轨及干线机车等车辆。
根据本发明的实施例，还可以对本发明作进一步的优化，以下为优化后形成的技术方案：在其中一个优选的实施例中，所述气缸充气张开到位后断气，弓头依靠弹性元件与接触轨接触；所述气缸再次充气使弓头回到初始折叠位置后断气，弓头依靠弹性元件保持在折叠位置。
所述拉杆采用铝合金棒组装而成；所述拉杆的两端采用万向轴承分别与底架和上臂杆铰接。为了防止受电弓升降弓过程弓头翻转，所述上臂杆与弓头的连接处附近设有凸台。
为了减轻冲击对弓头的损害，优选地，所述弓头包括支架和编织线，以及设置在支架中间位置的缓冲板，该缓冲板与所述上臂杆铰接。缓冲板优选为泡沫板。
所述底板与底架之间连接有气路分配器，该气路分配器与所述气缸的气室连通。
在其中一个优选的实施例中，所述底板上装有辅助连锁和与转动绝缘子连接的凸轮，当气缸活塞杆伸出或收缩带动转动绝缘子转动时，所述凸轮使所述辅助连锁受压并向车辆传递信号。
优选地，所述底板安装在车顶安装座上。
优选地，所述弹性元件为弹簧。由此，在气缸充气张开到位后断气，装置依靠弹簧拉力与接触轨接触，保持一定的接触压力并集取传导电流；当气缸再次充气，装置回到初始折叠位置，随后断气，装置依靠弹簧拉力保持在折叠位置。
为了能够尽量减少导流板的重量和体积，使其适用于单碳滑板受电弓，所述受流装置还包括导流罩，该导流罩包括沿受电弓转轴的轴向方向延伸的壳体，所述壳体沿受电弓转轴轴向方向的两个端面均开设有与受电弓转轴配合的通孔；所述壳体的顶面为水平面，设所述壳体朝向受电弓开口运行方向的侧面为第一面，设所述壳体朝向受电弓闭口运行方向的侧面为第二面，所述第一面的下端相对第一面的上端朝向壳体内倾斜以使第一面形成斜面，所述第二面的中部相对第二面的上端和下端朝向壳体外凸出以使第二面形成弯折面。由此，该导流罩不但能够稳定弓网接触力，还可直接安装于弓头组件的转轴上，无需使用支架固定，减少了支架所需的体积和重量，降低了弓头的重量和风阻，减轻了弓头的负担。
工作时，可通过通孔将上述导流罩直接套于单碳滑板受电弓的转轴上进行固定，从而无需使用支架。并且，与弓头组件两侧通过支架设置导流板的传统技术相比，本发明的导流罩穿设于转轴上，空气对导流罩形成的巨大阻力对弓头组件的影响小，不会导致弓头组件弯曲变形。
同时，导流罩的顶面为平面，导流罩的斜面面向车辆开口运行方向，使车辆朝开口方向运行时气流对导流罩产生向上的抬升力。导流罩的弯折面面向车辆闭口运行方向，使车辆朝 闭口方向运行时气流对导流罩同时产生向上的抬升力和向下的压力，因此导流罩的弯折面受到的抬升力会小于导流罩的斜面受到的抬升力，相应的受电弓在闭口方向运行时受到的抬升力小于受电弓在开口方向受到的抬升力，从而减小了受电弓开、闭口运行方向弓网接触力的差值。
所述壳体由开口相对设置的第一罩壳和第二罩壳连接而成，所述第一罩壳具有第一面，所述第二罩壳具有第二面。由此，将壳体分为两部分，可方便导流罩的安装与拆卸。
所述第一罩壳包括第一板、第二板，以及连接于第一板和第二板之间的两个第三板，两个第三板沿受电弓转轴轴向方向间隔布置；所述第一板水平布置，所述第二板的上端与第一板远离第二罩壳的一端连接，所述第二板的下端相对第二板的上端靠近第二罩壳设置，以使第二板的外侧面形成所述第一面；所述第二罩壳包括第四板、第五板，以及连接于第四板和第五板之间的两个第六板，两个第六板与两个第三板一一对应；所述第四板水平布置，所述第五板的上端与第四板远离第二罩壳的一端连接；所述第五板的中部相对第五板的上端和下端背向第一罩壳凸出，以使第五板的外侧面形成第二面；所述第一板和第四板连接以形成具有所述顶面的顶板；所述第二板的下端和第五板的下端抵接；所述第三板与对应的第六板相连以形成具有所述端面的端板。
所述壳体沿受电弓转轴轴向方向的长度小于受电弓转轴的长度。
所述受电弓转轴连接有碳滑板和弓角，所述导流罩通过所述通孔穿设并固定于受电弓转轴上。
本发明的导流罩尤其适用于单滑板受电弓，导流罩包括罩体，所述罩体的顶面为平面，顶面的一侧具有由顶面向罩体的内侧倾斜的斜面，顶面的另一侧具有由顶面向罩体的外侧凸出的弯折面，罩体的侧端面设有固定孔。所述罩体由左罩壳与右罩壳拼接而成。所述左罩壳包括呈“7”字型弯折的左折板和设于左折板内侧两端并与其垂直的左封板；所述右罩壳包括呈“C”字型弯折的右折板和设于右折板内侧两端并与其垂直的右封板，所述罩体的顶面由左、右折板的上折面拼接而成，罩体的侧端面由左、右封板拼接而成。
这样，只需对板材弯折一次即可得到呈“7”字型的第一罩壳的主体结构；同样地，只需要对板材折弯两次即可得到呈“C”字型的第二罩壳的主体结构，加工难度小，结构轻便简单。
一种单滑板受电弓的弓头组件，包括弓头悬挂、设置于弓头悬挂两侧的弓角、设置于弓头悬挂顶部的碳滑板以及设置于弓头悬挂中部的转轴，其特征在于：所述转轴的中部安装有上述的导流罩。由此，通过将导流罩安装于受电弓转轴的中部，避免了将导流板安装于弓 头组件两侧时造成的弓头组件弯曲变形，从而能够保证碳滑板与接触网之间的接触响应速度，保证碳滑板与接触网之间接触稳定。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：本发明的受流装置结构简单、易于组装，能够实现受流装置平稳的张开和折叠，同时反馈受流装置的位置状态。
此外，CN204452065U虽均含有气缸和弹簧，但是工作原理及气缸和弹簧的作用完全不相同，具体如下：
1)升弓过程不同：CN204452065U中的受电弓升弓过程完全而且仅依靠气缸提供。而本发明升弓过程依靠弹簧和气缸的共同作用，张开角度较小时是仅依靠气缸，当张开角度到达某一数值时，气缸排气，不再提供受电弓张开的驱动力，受电弓继续张开的驱动力由受电弓自重和弹簧拉力提供。
2)降弓过程不同：CN204452065U中的受电弓通过控制气路切断气缸的供气，让受电弓依靠重力下降回到折叠状态。而本发明的气缸是双向气缸，通过反向(与升弓过程气腔相反)供气，驱动气缸活塞杆反向运动，使受电弓弓头上升回到折叠状态。
3)弹簧的作用不同：CN204452065U中的受电弓是避免受电弓升降弓过程弓头翻转。而本发明依靠自身的结构(如凸台12)避免受电弓升降弓过程弓头翻转。本发明中弹簧的作用有两点：一是在受流装置处于工作位时保持使弓头与接触轨接触并产生一定的压力接触；二是在受流装置处于非工作位时使弓头处于折叠位并产生一定的保持力。
4)本发明的导流罩不但能够稳定弓网接触力，还可直接安装于弓头组件的转轴上，无需使用支架固定，减少了支架所需的体积和重量，降低了弓头的重量和风阻，减轻了弓头的负担。采取在单滑板受电弓的弓头组件的转轴中部安装该导流罩，以代替安装于弓头组件两侧的导流板，能避免车辆在高速运行时造成的弓头组件弯曲变形，从而能够保证碳滑板与接触网之间的接触响应速度，保证碳滑板与接触网之间的接触稳定性。
附图说明
图1是本发明一个实施例的立体示意图；
图2是图1的后视图；
图3是图2的左视图；
图4是图2的俯视图；
图5是图1中上臂杆5的结构示意图；
图6是图1中弓头4的结构示意图；
图7是图1的局部放大图；
图8是图7的俯视图；
图9是本发明的底板11的结构示意图(带局剖)；
图10是本发明的弓头4处于折叠位的示意图；
图11是本发明的弓头4处于工作位的示意图；
图12是单滑板受电弓的弓头组件的示意图；
图13是导流罩的立体示意图；
图14是导流罩的爆炸示意图；
图15是导流罩的侧视图。
具体实施方式
以下将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本发明中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。为叙述方便，下文中如出现“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”字样，仅表示与附图本身的上、下、左、右方向一致，并不对结构起限定作用。
见附图1-4所述，本实施例的上部受流的受流装置包括气路分配器1、弹簧2、气缸3、弓头4、上臂杆5、下臂杆6、拉杆7、底架8、支持绝缘子9、转动绝缘子10和底板11等部分。所述底板安装在车顶安装座上，所述支持绝缘子9安装在受流装置底架8和底板11之间，使受流装置与车顶绝缘隔离，支持绝缘子9可根据接触网的电压等级进行优选。
如图2-4所示，所述上臂杆5、下臂杆6、拉杆7、底架8组成的四连杆机构，拉杆7采用铝合金棒组装而成，两端采用万向轴承与底架8和上臂杆5铰接，减少了受流装置的摩擦力。上臂杆5和下臂杆6采用增材制造工艺，减少了焊接件引起的变形。如图5所示，所述上臂杆5与弓头连接处附近有凸台12，能够避免受流装置张开过程中弓头翻转。
如图6所示，所述弓头4由支架13、编织线14、泡沫板15组成。泡沫板能够吸收弓头与接触轨之间的冲击，有效减轻冲击对弓头的损害。
如图7,8所示，所述气缸3一端与所述底架8铰接，气缸活塞杆16与所述下臂杆6铰接的同时还与连杆17铰接。所述连杆17与转动绝缘子9连接。压缩气体通过所述气路分配器1进入气缸，推动气缸活塞杆16前进或收缩，带动下臂杆6转动进而使接地装置张开或收缩，同时带动连杆17转动进而带动转动绝缘子9转动。
如图9所示，所述底板11上包括凸轮18和辅助连锁19，凸轮18与转动绝缘子9连接，辅 助连锁安装在底板11上，当推动气缸活塞杆16前进或收缩带动转动绝缘子9转动时，辅助连锁19受压会向车辆传递信号。
如图11所示，在受流装置处在折叠位(图10)和工作位(图11)时，所述弹簧2与所述下臂杆6的相对位置不同，因此能够保证受流装置气缸3断气后，依靠弹簧拉力使受流装置处在工作位并与接触轨保持一定的接触压力，同时使受流装置保持在折叠位。
所述气缸3与下臂杆6铰接，气缸3一侧进气后气缸活塞杆伸出带动下臂杆6转动实现本实施例的受流装置张开。在受流装置张开到一定位置后，气缸3另一侧进气使受流装置缓慢张开至工作位，同时所述弓头4含有泡沫板用以吸收弓头4与接触轨接触时的冲击。随后所述气缸3断气，受流装置依靠所述的弹簧保持弓头4与接触轨的接触压力。所述气缸3的另一侧进气后气缸活塞杆收缩，带动下臂杆6转动使受流装置回到折叠位。所述底板11上安装有凸轮18与所述转动绝缘子9联接，当所述气缸3的活塞在伸出和收缩时，会带动所述转动绝缘子9转动，同时带动所述底板11上的凸轮18转动并压缩安装在所述底板11上的辅助开关将信号传递给车辆。
如图13-图15所示，本实施例的用于单滑板受电弓的导流罩，包括沿受电弓转轴26的轴向方向延伸的壳体21。壳体21为截面呈四边形的空心结构。
壳体21上开设有与受电弓转轴26配合的通孔22，通孔22贯穿壳体21沿受电弓转轴26轴向方向(如图13所述的箭头C方向)的两个端面31；壳体21的顶面36为水平面，设壳体21朝向受电弓开口运行方向(如图15所示的箭头A方向)的侧面为第一面32，设壳体21朝向受电弓闭口运行方向(如图15所示的箭头B方向)的侧面为第二面33，第一面32的下端相对第一面32的上端朝向壳体21内倾斜以使第一面32形成斜面，第二面33的中部相对第二面33的上端和下端朝向壳体21外凸出以使第二面33形成弯折面。
参见图14，为了方便安装和加工，壳体21由开口相对设置的第一罩壳34和第二罩壳35连接而成，第一罩壳34具有第一面32，第二罩壳35具有第二面33。
第一罩壳34包括第一板141、第二板142，以及连接于第一板141和第二板142之间的两个第三板143，两个第三板143沿受电弓转轴26轴向方向间隔布置；第一板141水平布置，第二板142的上端与第一板141远离第二罩壳35的一端连接，第二板142的下端相对第二板142的上端朝向第二罩壳35倾斜，以使第二板142的外侧面形成第一面32。
通过将板材折弯一次可形成呈“7”字型的第一罩壳34的主体结构，再在第一板141、第二板142之间焊接两个第三板143，即可形成第一罩壳34。加工难度小，结构轻便简单。
第二罩壳35包括第四板151、第五板152，以及连接于第四板151和第五板152之间的两 个第六板153，两个第六板153与两个第三板143一一对应；第四板151水平布置，第五板152的上端与第四板151远离第二罩壳35的一端连接；第五板152的中部相对第五板152的上端和下端背向第一罩壳34凸出，以使第五板152的外侧面形成第二面33。
通过将板材折弯两次可形成呈“C”字型的第二罩壳35的主体结构，再在第四板151、第五板152之间焊接两个第六板153，即可形成第二罩壳35。加工难度小，结构轻便简单。
本实施例中，两个罩壳通过以下方式连接形成壳体21：第一板141和第四板151通过紧固件连接以形成具有顶面36的顶板；第二板142的下端和第五板152的下端抵接；第三板143与对应的第六板153通过紧固件相连以形成具有端面31的端板。第三板143、第六板153各有一半圆缺，第三板143和第六板153连接后两个半圆缺组成通孔22。
如图13-15所示，相比于现有的导流板，本实施例的导流罩，通过通孔22直接套于单碳滑板受电弓的受电弓转轴26上即可进行固定，从而无需使用支架。导流罩的顶面为平面，导流罩的第一面32为向罩体的内侧倾斜的斜面，第一面32面向车辆开口运行方向，使车辆朝开口方向运行时气流对导流罩产生向上的抬升力。导流罩的第二面33为中部相对上端和下端向罩体的外侧凸出的弯折面，弯折面面向车辆闭口运行方向，使车辆朝闭口方向运行时气流对导流罩同时产生向上的抬升力和向下的压力，因此导流罩的弯折面受到的抬升力会小于导流罩斜面受到的抬升力，相应的受电弓在闭口方向运行时受到的抬升力小于受电弓在开口方向受到的抬升力，从而减小了受电弓开、闭口运行方向弓网接触力的差值。
如图12所示，一种单滑板受电弓的弓头组件，包括受电弓转轴26、碳滑板25、上述的导流罩，以及两个弓角24。受电弓转轴26的两端设有弓头悬挂23，两个弓角24分别通过相应的弓头悬挂23连接于受电弓转轴26的两端，碳滑板25通过两个弓头悬挂23连接于受电弓转轴26的上端。导流罩通过通孔22穿设并固定于受电弓转轴26的中部。将导流罩安装于受电弓转轴26的中部，避免了将导流板安装于弓头组件两侧时造成的弓头组件弯曲变形，从而能够保证碳滑板与接触网之间的接触响应速度，保证碳滑板与接触网之间的接触稳定。
上述实施例阐明的内容应当理解为这些实施例仅用于更清楚地说明本发明，而不用于限制本发明的范围，在阅读了本发明之后，本领域技术人员对本发明的各种等价形式的修改均落入本申请所附权利要求所限定的范围。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种上部受流的受流装置，包括底板(11)、底架(8)、装在底板(11)与底架(8)之间的转动绝缘子(10)和支撑绝缘子(9)，以及由上臂杆(5)、下臂杆(6)、拉杆(7)、底架(8)组成的四连杆机构；所述拉杆(7)的两端分别与底架(8)和上臂杆(5)铰接相连，所述连杆(17)与转动绝缘子(9)连接；所述上臂杆(5)的伸出端装有弓头(4)；其特征在于：
    所述底架(8)上装有气缸(3)，该气缸(3)的气缸活塞杆(16)同时与所述下臂杆(6)和连杆(17)铰接相连；该气缸活塞杆(16)伸出或收缩带动下臂杆(6)转动进而使与下臂杆(6)相连的接地装置张开或收缩，同时带动连杆(17)转动进而带动转动绝缘子(9)转动；
    所述底架(8)与下臂杆(6)之间连接有弹性元件，该弹性元件在受流装置处于工作位时保持弓头(4)与接触轨压力接触，该弹性元件在受流装置处于非工作位时使弓头(4)处于折叠位。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的上部受流的受流装置，其特征在于，所述气缸(3)充气张开到位后断气，弓头(4)依靠弹性元件与接触轨接触；所述气缸(3)再次充气使弓头(4)回到初始折叠位置后断气，弓头(4)依靠弹性元件保持在折叠位置。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的上部受流的受流装置，其特征在于，所述拉杆(7)采用铝合金棒组装而成；所述拉杆(7)的两端采用万向轴承分别与底架(8)和上臂杆(5)铰接。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的上部受流的受流装置，其特征在于，所述上臂杆(5)与弓头(4)的连接处附近设有凸台(12)。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的上部受流的受流装置，其特征在于，所述弓头(4)包括支架(13)和编织线(14)，以及设置在支架(13)中间位置的缓冲板，该缓冲板与所述上臂杆(5)铰接。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的上部受流的受流装置，其特征在于，所述底板(11)与底架(8)之间连接有气路分配器(1)，该气路分配器(1)与所述气缸的气室连通。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的上部受流的受流装置，其特征在于，所述底板(11)上装有辅助连锁(19)和与转动绝缘子(9)连接的凸轮(18)，当气缸活塞杆(16)伸出或收缩带动转动绝缘子(9)转动时，所述凸轮(18)使所述辅助连锁(19)受压并向车辆传递信号。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的上部受流的受流装置，其特征在于，所述底板安装在车顶安装座上。
  9. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的上部受流的受流装置，其特征在于，所述弹性元件为弹簧(3)。
  10. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的上部受流的受流装置，其特征在于，所述受流装置还包括导流罩，该导流罩包括沿受电弓转轴(26)的轴向方向延伸的壳体(21)，所述壳体(21)沿受电弓转轴(26)轴向方向的两个端面(31)均开设有与受电弓转轴(26)配合的通孔(22)；所述壳体(21)的顶面(36)为水平面，设所述壳体(21)朝向受电弓开口运行方向的侧面为第一面(32)，设所述壳体(21)朝向受电弓闭口运行方向的侧面为第二面(33)，所述第一面(32)的下端相对第一面(32)的上端朝向壳体(21)内倾斜以使第一面(32)形成斜面，所述第二面(33)的中部相对第二面(33)的上端和下端朝向壳体(21)外凸出以使第二面(33)形成弯折面。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的上部受流的受流装置，其特征在于，所述壳体(21)由开口相对设置的第一罩壳(34)和第二罩壳(35)连接而成，所述第一罩壳(34)具有第一面(32)，所述第二罩壳(35)具有第二面(33)。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的上部受流的受流装置，其特征在于，所述第一罩壳(34)包括第一板(141)、第二板(142)，以及连接于第一板(141)和第二板(142)之间的两个第三板(143)，两个第三板(143)沿受电弓转轴(26)轴向方向间隔布置；所述第一板(141)水平布置，所述第二板(142)的上端与第一板(141)远离第二罩壳(35)的一端连接，所述第二板(142)的下端相对第二板(142)的上端靠近第二罩壳(35)设置，以使第二板(142)的外侧面形成所述第一面(32)；
    所述第二罩壳(35)包括第四板(151)、第五板(152)，以及连接于第四板(151)和第五板(152)之间的两个第六板(153)，两个第六板(153)与两个第三板(143)一一对应；所述第四板(151)水平布置，所述第五板(152)的上端与第四板(151)远离第二罩壳(35)的一端连接；所述第五板(152)的中部相对第五板(152)的上端和下端背向第一罩壳(34)凸出，以使第五板(152)的外侧面形成第二面(33)；所述第一板(141)和第四板(151)连接以形成具有所述顶面(36)的顶板；所述第二板(142)的下端和第五板(152)的下端抵接；所述第三板(143)与对应的第六板(153)相连以形成具有所述端面(31)的端板。
  13. 根据权利要求10-12所述的上部受流的受流装置，其特征在于，所述壳体(21)沿受 电弓转轴(26)轴向方向的长度小于受电弓转轴(26)的长度。
  14. 根据权利要求10-12所述的上部受流的受流装置，其特征在于，所述受电弓转轴(26)连接有碳滑板(25)和弓角(24)，所述导流罩通过所述通孔(22)穿设并固定于受电弓转轴(26)上。
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