WO2022012450A1 - 防灭火电池包及车辆 - Google Patents

防灭火电池包及车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022012450A1
WO2022012450A1 PCT/CN2021/105658 CN2021105658W WO2022012450A1 WO 2022012450 A1 WO2022012450 A1 WO 2022012450A1 CN 2021105658 W CN2021105658 W CN 2021105658W WO 2022012450 A1 WO2022012450 A1 WO 2022012450A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fire
battery pack
extinguishing agent
fire extinguishing
battery
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/105658
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李飞
姜乃文
张尧
王宇豪
陈艺宗
Original Assignee
哲弗智能系统（上海）有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by 哲弗智能系统（上海）有限公司 filed Critical 哲弗智能系统（上海）有限公司
Publication of WO2022012450A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022012450A1/zh

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/07—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in vehicles, e.g. in road vehicles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
    • A62C31/02—Nozzles specially adapted for fire-extinguishing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
    • A62C37/08—Control of fire-fighting equipment comprising an outlet device containing a sensor, or itself being the sensor, i.e. self-contained sprinklers
    • A62C37/10—Releasing means, e.g. electrically released
    • A62C37/11—Releasing means, e.g. electrically released heat-sensitive
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of battery safety, in particular to a fire-proof battery pack and a vehicle.
  • the energy density of lithium-ion batteries used in new energy electric vehicles continues to increase, and the volume and capacity of battery packs continue to expand. While increasing the cruising range, it also makes the thermal runaway risk and harm of lithium-ion batteries more and more serious.
  • the risk of thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries has been widely regarded as one of the key issues restricting the development of new energy vehicles. How to ensure that the lithium-ion battery system can still ensure that the external and The safety of vehicles and people is imminent.
  • the thermal runaway solution is basically to add thermal protection materials such as mica to the outside of the battery pack or connect an external fire extinguishing agent bottle to the battery pack.
  • the cost is high, and the installation structure is complicated and takes up too much interior space of the vehicle body.
  • the traditional battery pack fire extinguishing tools do not consider the internal structure of the battery pack, the specific area where thermal runaway of the battery cell 510 may occur, the uniformity and pertinence of the fire extinguishing agent in the battery pack, etc.
  • Targeted fire-fighting results in a large amount of fire-fighting agents and low fire-fighting efficiency. Excessive use of fire-fighting agents may have adverse effects on other lithium-ion batteries that function normally, and even body parts.
  • an anti-fire battery pack comprising: a protective box, wherein a plurality of accommodating cavities for installing battery modules are arranged in the protective box, and the protective box is surrounded by a box wall, A hollow structure for filling a fire extinguishing agent with a preset pressure value is formed in the box wall; the ejection parts are distributed on the side of the box wall facing each of the accommodating cavities and communicated with the hollow structure , the inside of the ejection part is filled with a heat-sensitive material for preventing the fire extinguishing agent in the hollow structure from being ejected, and the heat-sensitive material can deform when the temperature rises to a preset deformation temperature threshold range to make the The fire extinguishing agent is ejected to the accommodating cavity through the ejection portion.
  • Another aspect of the present application provides a vehicle, including the above-mentioned fire extinguishing battery pack.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fire extinguishing battery pack provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the branch conduit in the fire-prevention battery pack of FIG. 1 being inserted into the battery module;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the sprinkler in the fire-proof battery pack of FIG. 1 .
  • the expression “or” includes any and all combinations of the words listed together.
  • “A or B” can include A or B, or can include both A and B.
  • an anti-extinguishing battery pack including:
  • the protective box 100 is provided with a plurality of accommodating cavities 110 for installing the battery modules 500 in the protective box 100 , and the protective box 100 is surrounded by a box wall 101 .
  • the ejection portion 200 is distributed on the side of the box wall 101 facing each of the accommodating chambers 110 and communicated with the hollow structure 101a.
  • the heat-sensitive material sprayed from the fire extinguishing agent in 101a, and the heat-sensitive material can be deformed when the temperature rises to a preset deformation temperature threshold range, so that the fire extinguishing agent passes through the spraying part 200 to the container
  • the cavity 110 is ejected.
  • the heat-sensitive material when the battery pack is working normally, the heat-sensitive material is in a stable state at normal temperature.
  • the heat of the battery module 500 in a certain accommodating cavity 110 is released and the temperature rises to within the preset deformation temperature threshold range, the heat-sensitive material in the ejection portion 200 close to the accommodating cavity 110 is deformed, thereby causing the The ejection portion 200 at the position is turned on. Since the fire extinguishing agent has a preset pressure, the fire extinguishing agent can be ejected at a high speed through the ejection portion 200, so as to achieve a fixed point spraying of the fire extinguishing agent to the battery module 500 in the accommodating cavity 110.
  • the fire extinguishing agent The thermal runaway module or battery cell 510 can be quickly extinguished to suppress thermal runaway and cool down rapidly. It is worth noting that the maximum value of the preset deformation temperature threshold range should be less than or equal to the starting temperature of thermal runaway of the battery pack, the deformation includes at least one of melting, softening or embrittlement, and the The set pressure value should be greater than the standard atmospheric pressure value.
  • a fire extinguishing agent storage and flow space is arranged inside the box wall 101 of the protective box 100 of the battery pack.
  • This space makes full use of the hollow structure 101a of the battery pack profile.
  • the design of the hollow structure 101a can reduce weight and save materials on the one hand; On the one hand, the hollow structure 101a is used to store the fire extinguishing agent, and there is no need to configure an additional fire extinguishing agent bottle group, which can improve the space utilization rate in the battery pack.
  • each accommodating cavity 110 in the battery pack and the mold in the accommodating cavity 110 can be affected.
  • the battery cell 510 in the battery pack or even the module is protected.
  • the fire extinguishing agent can be directly released to the thermal runaway battery module 500 or even the single cell, so as to achieve accurate, fast and efficient thermal runaway suppression and significantly improve the battery pack. Safety performance during thermal runaway.
  • This embodiment is integrated with the battery pack, the installation is simple, the number of components is reduced, and the cost is reduced. Due to the good fire extinguishing effect, the thermal protection components of the original battery system are reduced, and the use of thermal protection components such as aerogel, mica sheets, and fireproof cotton can even be eliminated.
  • a transmission pipeline 300 is further included.
  • the transmission pipeline 300 includes a plurality of branch passage pipes 310 .
  • the transmission pipeline 300 is filled with fire extinguishing agent, and each of the branch passages communicates with each other.
  • the liquid inlets of the pipes 310 are all communicated with the hollow structure 101a, and the liquid outlets of each branch passage pipe 310 respectively extend to different preset positions inside or outside the accommodating cavity 110, and the
  • the liquid outlet is provided with a spray head 320, and the inside of the spray head 320 is filled with a heat-sensitive material for preventing the fire extinguishing agent in the branch channel 310 from being sprayed, and the heat-sensitive material can be raised to a preset temperature
  • the deformation temperature is within the threshold value range, the fire extinguishing agent is deformed so that the fire extinguishing agent is sprayed to the accommodating cavity 110 through the spray head 320 .
  • the battery pack at different positions inside the battery pack is The shower head 320 can sense the real-time temperature value at the location in real time.
  • the heat-sensitive material in the spray head 320 at any preset position is deformed when it is sensed that the real-time temperature value at the preset position reaches the preset deformation temperature threshold range, the transmission extending to the preset position is made to deform.
  • the fire-extinguishing agent in the pipeline 300 is sprayed through the nozzle 320 to achieve a fixed-point directional spraying of the fire-extinguishing agent, and the battery module 500 in the accommodating cavity 110 where the thermal runaway occurs is targeted for fire extinguishing and temperature control. Because the heat-sensitive material can sense the occurrence of thermal runaway battery module in time
  • the real-time temperature value near 500 is automatically deformed so that the fire extinguishing agent at the location is sprayed at a fixed point, so as to carry out targeted and centralized fire extinguishing of the thermally runaway battery module 500 in the accommodating cavity 110.
  • the thermally runaway battery module 500 releases the heat spread speed caused by high temperature impurities, so the speed and efficiency of fire extinguishing and cooling can be improved, so as to improve the fire extinguishing efficiency while reducing the amount of fire extinguishing agent used, and avoid excessive use of fire extinguishing agent on other functions. adverse effects on the lithium-ion battery or body parts occur.
  • each spray head 320 may be arranged to spray the fire extinguishing agent in a direction parallel to the bottom surface of the protection box 100 .
  • a plurality of the spray heads 320 are provided on each of the branch passage pipes 310 , and the spray heads 320 face the battery modules 500 and/or the battery modules in the accommodating cavity 110 respectively. or the battery cells 510 of the battery module 500 .
  • all the battery modules 500 and/or battery cells 510 in the battery pack are correspondingly provided with nozzles 320 for real-time sensing of each battery module 500 and/or The real-time temperature value near the battery cell 510, and when any battery module 500 and/or battery cell 510 is thermally out of control, the heat-sensitive material in the corresponding nozzle 320 can timely sense the thermal runaway of the battery module 500 and/or the real-time temperature value near the battery cell 510, and automatically deforms so that the nozzle 320 where it is located is turned on, and the fire extinguishing agent can be sprayed in a fixed and directional manner, so as to prevent the thermal runaway of the battery module 500 and/or battery.
  • the single unit 510 conducts targeted fire fighting.
  • the branch passage pipe 310 extends into the interior of the battery module 500 , and the nozzles 320 on the branch passage pipe 310 are respectively disposed above the respective battery cells 510 in the battery module 500 .
  • the heat-sensitive material in the nozzle 320 above it can sense the real-time temperature value near the thermally runaway battery cell 510 in time, and automatically deform to make it
  • the spray head 320 of the battery is turned on, and the fire extinguishing agent can be sprayed to the battery cells 510 in a fixed and directional manner, so as to carry out targeted fire extinguishing of the battery cells 510 that have thermal runaway.
  • the nozzle 320 can be placed inside the battery module 500 and/or the battery cell 510, or can be spaced from the battery module 500 and/or the battery cell 510, as long as The shower head 320 only needs to face the battery module 500 and/or the battery cell 510 , which is not specifically limited here.
  • the shower head 320 faces the bottom, side or top of each of the battery modules 500 and/or the battery cells 510 .
  • the branch passage pipe 310 is drawn out from the bottom of the box wall 101, if the fire extinguishing agent needs to be sprayed toward the upper part of the battery module 500 and/or the battery cell 510, the branch passage pipe 310 is extended upward to the battery mold.
  • the upper part of the group 500 and/or the battery cell 510 may be provided with the shower head 320 .
  • the specific position of the spray head 320 relative to the battery module 500 and/or the battery cell 510 can be set as required, so that the spray head 320 sprays to the desired position, and the setting method is flexible.
  • the outlet of the nozzle 320 is disposed opposite to the exhaust valve of the battery cell 510, so that the flow direction of the fire extinguishing agent is consistent with the direction of thermal runaway heat spread, so that the fire extinguishing agent travels from the location where the thermal runaway occurs to the direction of the thermal runaway. Override where thermal runaway has not occurred. Since the deformation temperature value of the heat-sensitive material in the spray head 320 is less than or equal to the initial value of the temperature at which the battery cell 510 thermal runaway occurs, the spray head 320 sprays the fire extinguishing agent in advance of the thermal runaway of the battery cell 510, so that the The extinguishing agent fills the confined space around the entire thermal runaway cell.
  • the extinguishing agent Due to the positive promotion of the geometric size of the confined space and the surface tension of the extinguishing agent, and the reverse limitation of the saturated vapor pressure of the extinguishing agent, the extinguishing agent can effectively reside in the adjacent space of the monomer where thermal runaway occurs, and fully absorb the The energy released by the thermal runaway monomer reduces the accumulation and spread of heat and prevents the spread of thermal runaway.
  • the nozzle 320 includes a liquid inlet portion 321 , a liquid outlet portion 322 , and a heat-sensitive material 323 disposed inside the liquid inlet portion 321 and the liquid outlet portion 322 , and the liquid inlet portion 321
  • the inlet is communicated with the liquid outlet of the transmission pipeline 300; wherein, the maximum value of the inner diameter d of the liquid inlet portion 321 is less than or equal to the minimum value of the inner diameter D of the liquid outlet portion 322, and the liquid outlet portion 322 flows along the flow of the fire extinguishing agent.
  • the direction is flared.
  • the value of the inner diameter d of the liquid inlet part 321 is 1.5mm-2.4mm; the value of the inner diameter D of the liquid outlet part 322 is 2.4mm-6mm.
  • the maximum value of the inner diameter d of the liquid inlet portion 321 is set to be less than or equal to the minimum value of the inner diameter D of the liquid outlet portion 322, and the liquid outlet portion is set.
  • 322 is trumpet-shaped along the direction in which the fire extinguishing agent flows out of the liquid outlet 322, so that the high-pressure fire extinguishing agent in the liquid inlet 321 flows out through the horn-shaped liquid outlet 322 and spreads and covers the battery with thermal runaway.
  • Monomer 510 effectively improves the speed and efficiency of fire extinguishing and cooling, and reduces the amount of fire extinguishing agent used while improving fire extinguishing efficiency, so as to avoid excessive use of fire extinguishing agent on other normal lithium-ion batteries or body parts. situation happens.
  • the heat-sensitive material includes at least one of fusible alloy, memory alloy, thermoplastic resin or thermoplastic glass fiber reinforced plastic, so as to select a suitable type of heat-sensitive material according to different requirements of specific application scenarios.
  • the battery diaphragm will dissolve, the automatic shutdown effect will be temporarily suppressed, and the temperature will continue to rise.
  • the real-time temperature value reaches about 150°C
  • the automatic shutdown effect of the battery diaphragm begins.
  • the real-time temperature value reaches about 180°C, the positive electrode of the battery will decompose and generate oxygen; if the heat continues to increase sharply, the battery will enter a state of thermal runaway, resulting in fire or explosion. Therefore, the real-time temperature value of the ternary lithium battery in a thermal runaway state is 150°C-180°C.
  • the real-time temperature value is 220°C-240°C.
  • the upper limit of the working temperature of automotive-grade components is 85°C. If the lower limit of the melting point of the heat-sensitive material is less than 85°C, it will not meet the requirements of automotive-grade components, conflict with the vehicle-grade standard, and cause mis-injection; if the thermal runaway temperature value of the lithium battery is selected as the melting point of the heat-sensitive material It is difficult to ensure that the temperature-sensing nozzle 320 deforms the heat-sensitive material in time before the thermal runaway, and sprays the fire extinguishing agent in a fixed and directional manner.
  • the heat-sensitive material in the temperature sensing nozzle 320 cannot be deformed in time, it is possible to miss the best time for fire-fighting by thermal runaway, resulting in failure of fire-fighting. Therefore, setting the preset deformation temperature threshold in the range of 85°C to 180°C can not only avoid accidental spraying, but also ensure that the adjacent temperature sensing nozzle 320 can be triggered to spray fire extinguishing agent in time before the thermal runaway of the battery cell 510 occurs. To achieve fixed-point and directional fire-fighting, while improving fire-fighting efficiency, reduce the use of fire-extinguishing agents.
  • the preset pressure value is 0.8MPa-4.5MPa, so that after the temperature-sensitive material in the temperature-sensing nozzle 320 is deformed, the high-pressure fire extinguishing agent can pass through the liquid outlet of the temperature-sensing nozzle 320 along a predetermined direction. It can be sprayed in the direction of fixed-point and directional fire extinguishing, which can reduce the consumption of fire extinguishing agent while improving the fire extinguishing efficiency.
  • the battery pack further includes a water-cooling tube 400 , and the water-cooling tube 400 is disposed on at least one of the bottom surface, side surface or top surface of the accommodating cavity 110 for cooling, so as to reduce the temperature.
  • the water-cooling pipe 400 is set according to the different requirements of the specific application scenarios of the battery packs of different structures, so that the battery pack has the function of water cooling, and avoids the normal operation of the water-cooling pipe 400 when the branch passage pipe 310 sprays the fire extinguishing agent. produce adverse effects.
  • a side of the box wall 101 facing each of the accommodating cavities 110 is coated with an anti-corrosion coating.
  • the anti-corrosion coating refers to the covering layer coated on the surface of the box wall 101 to isolate it from the surrounding medium to control corrosion. Resist chemical damage and have certain mechanical strength.
  • the anti-corrosion coating often consists of three parts: the first layer is the primer applied on the surface of the box wall 101 to enhance the adhesion between the metal and the main paint; the second layer is the main paint, and the commonly used materials are coal Tar enamel paint, petroleum asphalt, polyethylene adhesive tape, epoxy resin, polyolefin coating; the third layer is the wrapping tape to maintain a certain mechanical strength to avoid damage during transportation and construction.
  • the anti-corrosion capability can be enhanced, so as to avoid being corroded by the sprayed fire extinguishing agent during fire fighting, thereby prolonging the service life.
  • the transmission pipeline 300 is a hose, so as to optimize the layout design of the pipeline according to the different shapes or volumes inside different battery modules 500 , while saving the cost of general pipe materials and reducing the cost of installation and use, Improve the working stability of the fire extinguishing device.
  • each transmission line 300 is fixed in the protective box 100 by at least one of bonding, snapping or screwing, so as to avoid the transmission line 300 caused by the vibration of the vehicle body during use of the battery pack. Offset the preset fixed position, affecting the effect of intelligent fire extinguishing.
  • each ejection portion 200 may be disposed in the box wall 101 , or may be exposed on the surface of the box wall 101 . Certainly, being disposed in the box wall 101 can make the overall structure more concise, and can avoid affecting the installation of the battery module 500 .
  • the form of the fire extinguishing agent is gas, liquid or gas-liquid mixture;
  • the fire extinguishing agent includes hexafluoropropane, heptafluoropropane, perfluorohexanone, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium or at least one of argon.
  • the fire extinguishing agent comprises: heptafluoropropane accounts for 3% (by weight) of the mixture, carbon dioxide accounts for 17% (by weight) of the mixture, and perfluorohexanone accounts for the mixture 80% (by weight) of the fire extinguishing agent, the storage state of the fire extinguishing agent is pressurized storage; heptafluoropropane, carbon dioxide and perfluorohexanone are pre-mixed and then canned and stored in the fire extinguishing agent storage unit.
  • the fire extinguishing agent includes: hexafluoropropane accounts for 3% to 40% (by volume) of the fire extinguishing agent, and heptafluoropropane accounts for 3% to 40% (by volume) of the fire extinguishing agent ), with the remainder being carbon dioxide.
  • the fire extinguishing agent includes: liquid heptafluoropropane and liquid carbon dioxide, the heptafluoropropane accounts for 3% to 80% (by volume) of the mixture, and the balance is carbon dioxide.
  • the fire extinguishing agent comprises: heptafluoropropane accounts for 25% (by weight) of the mixture, carbon dioxide accounts for 50% (by weight) of the mixture, and perfluorohexanone accounts for the mixture 25% (by weight) of the fire extinguishing agent, the storage state of the fire extinguishing agent is normal temperature, and it is stored under pressure.
  • the fire extinguishing agent includes: a perfluorohexanone solution with a molar concentration exceeding 95% and helium.
  • the hollow structure 101a can be filled with a compressed fire extinguishing agent with a preset pressure value in advance for fire fighting; of course, a pressure source such as a zero-pressure storage tank can also be connected to the outside of the protective box 100, and the zero-pressure storage tank can be connected with The preset temperature sensor inside the protection box 100 is connected. When the temperature sensor detects that the temperature rises and needs to be extinguished, it will trigger the start of the zero-pressure storage tank. The composite solid propellant inside the zero-pressure storage tank is burned to generate gas pressure, which can be a hollow structure. The fire extinguishing agent in 101a is pressurized to provide the driving force of the purging source.
  • a pressure source such as a zero-pressure storage tank
  • the preset temperature sensor inside the protection box 100 is connected. When the temperature sensor detects that the temperature rises and needs to be extinguished, it will trigger the start of the zero-pressure storage tank.
  • the composite solid propellant inside the zero-pressure storage tank is burned to generate gas pressure
  • another aspect of the present application provides a vehicle including the battery pack described in any of the embodiments of the present application. Since the battery pack installed in the vehicle has the function of intelligent fixed-point fire extinguishing, the intelligence and safety of the vehicle are effectively improved.
  • the vehicle includes, but is not limited to, two-wheeled vehicles, three-wheeled vehicles, or four-wheeled vehicles that need to be powered by batteries.

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种防灭火电池包及车辆，包括：保护箱体，所述保护箱体中设有用于安装电池模组若干个容置腔，且所述保护箱体由箱壁围成，所述箱壁中形成用于填充具有预设压力值的灭火剂的中空结构；喷出部，分布设于所述箱壁朝向各所述容置腔的一侧且与所述中空结构相连通，所述喷出部的内部填充有用于阻止所述中空结构内的灭火剂喷出的热敏材料，且所述热敏材料能够在温度升高至预设变形温度阈值范围时变形以使所述灭火剂通过所述喷出部向所述容置腔喷出。

Description

防灭火电池包及车辆
本申请要求于2020年7月16日提交的申请号为202010688181.7、名称为“防灭火电池包及车辆”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及电池安全技术领域，特别是涉及防灭火电池包及车辆。
背景技术
随着人们对环境保护重视程度的提高以及新能源汽车技术的快速发展，市场对电动车辆的需求量越来越大，电动车辆逐渐成为取代原有燃油车辆的主要交通工具之一。
在此背景下，新能源电动车所用的锂离子电池的能量密度不断提高，电池包的体积和容量不断扩大。在提升续航里程的同时，也使得锂离子电池的热失控风险和危害程度越来越大。目前锂离子电池热失控风险已被广泛认为是限制新能源车辆发展的关键问题之一，如何确保锂离子电池系统在外部作用或者内部触发进而发生热失控的情况下，依然能够保证电池包外部、车辆和人员的安全已迫在眉睫。
目前电池包自身并不集成热防护或抑制功能，热失控解决方案基本是在电池包外部增加云母等热防护材料或在电池包上连接外部灭火剂瓶体等方案，均属于加装防护和抑制的方案，成本高，且安装结构复杂、占用过多车体内部空间。
此外，传统的电池包灭火工具没有考虑电池包的内部构造、电池单体510热失控可能发生的特定区域、灭火药剂在电池包内的均匀性和针对性等问题，不能对热失控锂离子电池进行针对性灭火，导致灭火药剂用量大，灭火效率低，并且过量使用的灭火剂可能对其他功能正常的锂离子电池、甚至车身部件导致不良影响。
发明内容
本申请一方面提供一种防灭火电池包，包括：保护箱体，所述保护箱体中设有用于安装电池模组的若干个容置腔，且所述保护箱体由箱壁围成，所述箱壁中形成用于填充具有预设压力值的灭火剂的中空结构；喷出部，分布设于所述箱壁朝向各所述容置腔的一侧且与所述中空结构相连通，所述喷出部的内部填充有用于阻止所述中空结构内的灭火剂喷出的热敏材料，且所述热敏材料能够在温度升高至预设变形温度阈值范围时变形以使所述灭火剂通过所述喷出部向所述容置腔喷出。
本申请另一方面提供一种车辆，包括如上述的防灭火电池包。
本发明的各个实施例的细节将在下面的附图和描述中进行说明。根据说明书、附图以及权利要求书的记载，本领域技术人员将容易理解本发明的其它特征、解决的问题以及有益效果。
附图说明
为了更好地描述和说明本申请的实施例，可参考一幅或多幅附图，但用于描述附图的附加细节或示例不应当被认为是对本申请的发明创造、目前所描述的实施例或优选方式中任何一者的范围的限制。
图1为本发明一实施例提供的防灭火电池包结构示意图；
图2为图1防灭火电池包中的支路通管置入电池模组内的示意图；
图3为图1防灭火电池包中的喷头的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。
为了便于理解本发明，下面将参照相关附图对本发明权利要求所限定的各种实施例进行更全面的描述。附图中给出了本发明的较佳实施例，其包含各种特定的细节以助于该理解，但这些细节应当被视为仅是示范性的。但是，本发明可以以许多不同的形式来实现，并不限于本文所描述的实施例。相应地，本领域普通技术人员将认识到，在不背离由随附的权利要求所限定的本发明的范围的情况下，可以对本文所描述的各种实施例作出变化和改进。此外，为了清楚和简洁起见，可能省略对熟知的功能和构造的描述。
对本领域技术人员显而易见的是，提供对本发明的各种实施例的下列描述，仅是为了解释的目的，而不是为了限制由随附的权利要求所限定的本发明。
贯穿本申请文件的说明书和权利要求，词语“包括”和“包含”以及词语的变型，例如“包括有”和“包括”意味着“包含但不限于”，而不意在(且不会)排除其他部件、整体或步骤。结合本发明的特定的方面、实施例或示例所描述的特征、整体或特性将被理解为可应用于本文所描述的任意其他方面、实施例或示例，除非与其不兼容。
应当理解的是，单数形式“一”、“一个”和“该”包含复数的指代，除非上下文明确地另有其他规定。在本发明中所使用的表述“包含”和/或“可以包含”意在表示相对应的功能、操作或元件的存在，而非意在限制一个或多个功 能、操作和/或元件的存在。此外，在本发明中，术语“包含”和/或“具有”意在表示申请文件中公开的特性、数量、操作、元件和部件，或它们的组合的存在。因此，术语“包含”和/或“具有”应当被理解为，存在一个或多个其他特性、数量、操作、元件和部件、或它们的组合的额外的可能性。
在本发明中，表述“或”包含一起列举的词语的任意或所有的组合。例如，“A或B”可以包含A或者B，或可以包含A和B两者。
应当理解的是，当元件被称为“固定于”另一个元件，它可以直接在另一个元件上或者也可以存在居中的元件；当一个元件被认为是“连接”或“耦合”另一个元件，它可以是直接或耦合到另一个元件或者可能同时存在居中元件。
文中提到的“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等仅用于表示相对位置关系，当被描述对象的绝对位置改变后，则该相对位置关系也可能相应地改变。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术术语和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员所通常理解的含义相同。还应理解的是，术语(比如常用词典中限定的那些术语)，应解释为具有与相关领域和本说明书的上下文中一致的含义，并且不应以理想化或过于形式化的意义来解释，除非在本文中明确地这样限定。
如图1所示，本发明一实施例中，提供一种防灭火电池包，包括：
保护箱体100，所述保护箱体100中设有用于安装电池模组500的若干个容置腔110，且所述保护箱体100由箱壁101围成，所述箱壁101中形成用于填充具有预设压力值的灭火剂的中空结构101a；
喷出部200，分布设于所述箱壁101朝向各所述容置腔110的一侧且与所述中空结构101a相连通，所述喷出部200的内部填充有用于阻止所述中空结构101a内的灭火剂喷出的热敏材料，且所述热敏材料能够在温度升高至预设变形 温度阈值范围时变形以使所述灭火剂通过所述喷出部200向所述容置腔110喷出。
具体的，电池包正常工作时，热敏材料在常温时处于稳定形态。当某一容置腔110内的电池模组500热量释放使温度升高到达预设变形温度阈值范围内时，靠近该容置腔110的喷出部200中的热敏材料发生变形从而使该位置的喷出部200导通，由于灭火剂具有预设压力，因此灭火剂能够经由喷出部200高速喷出，以实现向容置腔110内的电池模组500定点喷射灭火剂，灭火剂能够对热失控模组或电池单体510迅速灭火抑制热失控并极速降温。值得说明的是，所述预设变形温度阈值范围的最大值应小于或等于电池包发生热失控的起始温度，所述变形包括熔化、软化或脆化中的至少一种，且所述预设压力值应大于标准大气压值。
本实施例在电池包的保护箱体100的箱壁101内部设置灭火剂储存和流动空间，此空间充分利用电池包型材的中空结构101a，中空结构101a设计一方面可降低重量和节省材料；另一方面利用中空结构101a储存灭火剂，不需要额外配置灭火剂瓶组，可以提高电池包内的空间利用率。
由于喷出部200分布设于所述箱壁101朝向各所述容置腔110的一侧，当电池包热失控时可对电池包内的各个容置腔110、容置腔110内的模组、甚至模组内电池单体510进行保护，当发生热失控时可将灭火剂直接释放至热失控电池模组500甚至单体，实现精准、快速、高效的热失控抑制，显著提升电池包热失控时的安全性能。
本实施例与电池包集成，安装简单，减少了零部件数量，降低了成本。由于灭火效果好，减少了原有电池系统的热防控零部件，甚至可取消气凝胶、云母片、防火棉等热防护零部件的使用。
参考图1，在一些实施例中，还包括传输管路300，所述传输管路300包括若干个支路通管310，所述传输管路300内部填充有灭火剂，各所述支路通管310的进液口均与所述中空结构101a连通，各所述支路通管310的出液口分别延伸至不同的所述容置腔110的内部或外侧的预设位置，且所述出液口设有喷头320，所述喷头320的内部填充有用于阻止所述支路通管310内的灭火剂喷出的热敏材料，且所述热敏材料能够在温度升高至预设变形温度阈值范围时变形以使所述灭火剂通过所述喷头320向所述容置腔110喷出。
具体的，于上述实施例中的电池包中，通过将填充有灭火剂的传输管路300延伸至不同的容置腔110的内部或外部的预设位置，使得电池包内部的不同位置处的喷头320可以实时感测所在位置处的实时温度值。当任一预设位置处的喷头320内的热敏材料在感测到所述预设位置处的实时温度值达到预设变形温度阈值范围时变形，使得延伸至所述预设位置处的传输管路300内的灭火剂经由喷头320喷出，以实现定点定向喷射灭火剂，针对性地对发生热失控部位的容置腔110内的电池模组500进行灭火控温。由于热敏材料能够及时地感测到发生热失控电池模组
500附近的实时温度值，并自动变形使得所在位置处的灭火剂定点喷出，以对容置腔110内热失控的电池模组500进行针对性集中灭火，高压灭火剂喷放的速度能够大于发生热失控的电池模组500释放高温杂质引起的热蔓延速度，因而可以提高灭火降温的速度和效率，从而在提高灭火效率的同时减少灭火剂的使用量，避免因过量使用灭火剂对其他功能正常的锂离子电池或车身部件产生不良影响的情况发生。进一步的，可以设置各喷头320沿平行于保护箱体100的底面的方向喷出灭火剂。
在一些实施例中，每个所述支路通管310上的所述喷头320设有多个，各 所述喷头320分别朝向所述容置腔110内的各所述电池模组500和/或所述电池模组500的电池单体510。
具体地，于上述实施例中的电池包中，使得电池包内所有的电池模组500和/或电池单体510均对应设置有喷头320，用于实时感测各电池模组500和/或电池单体510附近的实时温度值，并在任一电池模组500和/或电池单体510发生热失控时，对应的喷头320内的热敏材料能够及时地感测到发生热失控电池模组500和/或电池单体510附近的实时温度值，并自动变形使得其所在的喷头320导通，灭火剂可定点并定向地喷放，以对发生热失控的电池模组500和/或电池单体510进行针对性灭火。
示例性的，图2示出的即为支路通管310伸入电池模组500内部，且支路通管310上的喷头320分别对应设于电池模组500内的各个电池单体510上方的结构，当任一电池单体510发生热失控时，其上方的喷头320内的热敏材料能够及时地感测到发生热失控电池单体510附近的实时温度值，并自动变形使得其所在的喷头320导通，灭火剂可定点并定向地向电池单体510喷放，以对发生热失控的电池单体510进行针对性灭火。
进一步的，所述喷头320可置于所述电池模组500和/或所述电池单体510内部，也可与所述电池模组500和/或所述电池单体510有一定间隔，只要喷头320朝向所述电池模组500和/或所述电池单体510即可，此处不作具体限制。
在一些实施例中，所述喷头320朝向各所述电池模组500和/或所述电池单体510的底部、侧面或上部。具体的，当支路通管310从箱壁101的底部引出时，如需朝向电池模组500和/或电池单体510的上部喷出灭火剂，将支路通管310向上延伸至电池模组500和/或电池单体510的上部并设置喷头320即可。本实施例中，可根据需要设置喷头320相对于电池模组500和/或电池单体510 的具体位置，使之向所需部位喷出，设置方式灵活。
在一些实施例中，所述喷头320的出口与所述电池单体510的排气阀相对设置，使灭火剂的流动方向与热失控热蔓延方向一致，从而使灭火剂从热失控发生位置向未发生热失控位置进行覆盖。由于喷头320内热敏材料的变形温度值小于或等于所述电池单体510发生热失控的温度的起始值，使得喷头320提前于电池单体510发生热失控的时刻喷放灭火剂，使得灭火剂充满整个发生热失控的单体附近的受限空间。由于受限空间的几何尺寸和灭火剂的表面张力能够互相正向促进，以及灭火剂的饱和蒸汽压的反向限制，灭火剂能够有效驻留于发生热失控的单体的临近空间，充分吸收热失控单体释放的能量，降低热量的累积与传播，阻止热失控蔓延。
参考图3，在一些实施例中，所述喷头320包括相连通的进液部321、出液部322及设于进液部321、出液部322内部的热敏材料323，进液部321的进口与所述传输管路300的出液口连通；其中，进液部321的内径d的最大值小于或等于出液部322的内径D的最小值，出液部322沿灭火剂流出的方向呈喇叭状。
优选地，所述进液部321的内径d的值为1.5mm-2.4mm；所述出液部322的内径D的值为2.4mm-6mm。
具体地，于上述实施例中的具有智能定点灭火功能的电池包中，通过设置进液部321的内径d的最大值小于或等于出液部322的内径D的最小值，并设置出液部322沿灭火剂从出液部322流出的方向呈喇叭状，使得进液部321内的高压灭火剂经由所述喇叭状的出液部322流出并呈扩散包覆的趋势覆盖发生热失控的电池单体510，有效地提高了灭火降温的速度和效率，并在提高灭火效率的同时减少灭火剂的使用量，避免因过量使用灭火剂对其他功能正常的锂离 子电池或车身部件产生不良影响的情况发生。
在一些实施例中，所述热敏材料包括易熔合金、记忆合金、热塑性树脂或热塑性玻璃钢中的至少一种，以便于根据具体应用场景的不同需求选择合适类型的热敏材料。
具体地，由于实验表明，三元锂电池在120℃左右，电池隔膜溶解，自动关断效果会暂时抑制，温度持续上升，当实时温度值达到150℃左右时，电池隔膜的自动关断效果开始减弱，受热剧增；当实时温度值达到180℃左右时，电池正极分解，产生氧气；若继续受热剧增，电池会进入热失控状态，导致起火或爆炸等情况发生。因此，三元锂电池处于热失控状态时的实时温度值为150℃-180℃。磷酸铁锂电池处于热失控状态时的实时温度值为220℃-240℃。车规级零部件的工作温度上限85℃。若热敏材料熔点的下限值小于85℃会不满足车规级零部件的要求，与车规级标准冲突，并且会引起误喷射；若选择锂电池热失控温度值作为热敏材料熔点的上限，很难保证温度感应喷头320在热失控之前及时变形热敏材料，定点并定向喷放灭火剂。若不能及时变形温度感应喷头320内的热敏材料，有可能错过热失控灭火的最佳时机，导致灭火失效。因此，设置所述预设变形温度阈值范围为85℃-180℃，既可以避免误喷，又能够保证电池单体510发生热失控之前能够及时地触发临近的温度感应喷头320喷放灭火剂，实现定点定向灭火，在提高灭火效率的同时，减少灭火剂的使用量。
在一些实施例中，所述预设压力值为0.8MPa-4.5MPa，以使得温度感应喷头320内的热敏材料变形后，高压灭火剂能够经由所述温度感应喷头320的出液口沿预定的方向喷出，实现定点定向灭火，在提高灭火效率的同时，减少灭火剂的使用量。
参考图1，在一些实施例中，所述电池包还包括水冷管400，水冷管400设 置于所述容置腔110的底面、侧面或顶面中的至少一个面上，用于降温，以便于根据不同结构的电池包的具体应用场景的不同需求来设置水冷管400，以使得所述电池包具有水冷的功能，并避免支路通管310喷放灭火剂时对水冷管400的正常工作产生不良影响。
在一些实施例中，所述箱壁101朝向各所述容置腔110的一侧涂覆防腐涂层。防腐涂层是指涂敷在箱壁101表面上使之与周围介质隔离，以控制腐蚀的覆盖层，具有良好的电绝缘性和隔水性，与箱壁101表面有较强的附着力，能抗化学破坏和有一定的机械强度。具体的，防腐涂层常由三部分组成:第一层是涂在箱壁101表面的底漆，用以增强金属与主要涂料的粘结力；第二层是主要涂料，常用的材料有煤焦油瓷漆、石油沥青、聚乙烯胶粘带、环氧树脂、聚烯烃涂层；第三层是包扎带，用以保持一定的机械强度，以免在运输和施工过程中受损。本实施例涂覆涂层后能够增强抗腐蚀能力，避免灭火时被喷出的灭火剂腐蚀，从而延长了使用寿命。
优选地，所述传输管路300为软管，以便于根据不同电池模组500内部的不同形状或体积，优化管路的布局设计，在节省通管用料成本并降低安装使用成本的同时，提高灭火装置的工作稳定性。
优选地，各传输管路300通过粘接、卡接或螺接中的至少一种方式固定于所述保护箱体100内，以避免电池包在使用的过程中因车身振动导致传输管路300偏移预设的固定位置，影响智能灭火的效果。
在一些实施例中，各喷出部200可以设于箱壁101内，也可以露出箱壁101的表面。当然，设于箱壁101内可以使得整体结构更加简洁，且能够避免影响电池模组500的安装。
优选地，在本申请的一个实施例中，所述灭火剂的形态为气态、液态或气 液混合态；所述灭火剂包括六氟丙烷、七氟丙烷、全氟已酮、二氧化碳、氮气、氦气或氩气中的至少一种。
作为示例，在本申请的一个实施例中，所述灭火剂包括：七氟丙烷占混合剂的3％(以重量计)，二氧化碳占混合剂的17％(以重量计)，全氟已酮占混合剂的80％(以重量计)，灭火剂的存储状态为加压存储；七氟丙烷、二氧化碳和全氟已酮预先混合后罐装至灭火剂存储单元内存储。
作为示例，在本申请的一个实施例中，所述灭火剂包括：六氟丙烷占灭火剂的3％至40％(以体积计)，七氟丙烷占灭火剂的3％至40％(以体积计)，余量为二氧化碳。
作为示例，在本申请的一个实施例中，所述灭火剂包括：液态七氟丙烷和液态二氧化碳，七氟丙烷占混合剂的3％至80％(以体积计)，余量为二氧化碳。
作为示例，在本申请的一个实施例中，所述灭火剂包括：七氟丙烷占混合剂的25％(以重量计)，二氧化碳占混合剂的50％(以重量计)，全氟已酮占混合剂的25％(以重量计)，灭火剂的存储状态为常温，加压存储。
作为示例，在本申请的一个实施例中，所述灭火剂包括：摩尔浓度超过95％的全氟己酮溶液和氦气。
在一些实施例中，可以预先向中空结构101a内充满预设压力值的压缩灭火剂用于灭火；当然也可以在保护箱体100外部连接压力源如零压储罐，将零压储罐与保护箱体100内部预设的温度传感器相连，温度传感器检测到温度升高需要灭火时，会触发零压储罐启动，零压储罐内部的复合固体推进剂燃烧产生气体压力，可以为中空结构101a内的灭火剂增压、提供驱气源驱动力。
进一步地，本申请的另一方面提供一种车辆，包括任一本申请实施例中所述的电池包。由于所述车辆安装的电池包具备智能定点灭火的功能，因而有效 地提高了车辆的智能性与安全性。
在本申请的一个实施例中，所述车辆包括但不限于两轮车、三轮车或四轮车等需要使用电池提供动力的车辆。
以上描述中，尽管可能使用例如“第一”和“第二”的表述来描述本发明的各个元件，但它们并未意于限定相对应的元件。例如，上述表述并未旨在限定相对应元件的顺序或重要性。上述表述用于将一个部件和另一个部件区分开。
本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语仅是为了描述特定的实施例的目的，而并非意在限制本发明。单数的表述包含复数的表述，除非在其间存在语境、方案上的显著差异。
以上所述仅是本发明的示范性实施方式，而非用于限制本发明的保护范围，本发明的保护范围由所附的权利要求确定。
本领域技术人员可以理解的是，以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以相应地省去、添加或者以任意方式组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，并且，本领域技术人员能够想到的简单变换方式以及对现有技术做出适应性和功能性的结构变换的方案，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，虽然已经参考各种实施例示出和描述了本发明，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干形式和细节上的各种变形和改进，而不背离由随附的权利要求所限定的本发明的范围，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种防灭火电池包，包括：
    保护箱体，所述保护箱体中设有用于安装电池模组的若干个容置腔，且所述保护箱体由箱壁围成，所述箱壁中形成用于填充具有预设压力值的灭火剂的中空结构；
    喷出部，分布设于所述箱壁朝向各所述容置腔的一侧且与所述中空结构相连通，所述喷出部的内部填充有用于阻止所述中空结构内的灭火剂喷出的热敏材料，且所述热敏材料能够在温度升高至预设变形温度阈值范围时变形以使所述灭火剂通过所述喷出部向所述容置腔喷出。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的防灭火电池包，其中，还包括传输管路，所述传输管路包括若干个支路通管，所述传输管路内部填充有灭火剂，各所述支路通管的进液口均与所述中空结构连通，各所述支路通管的出液口分别延伸至不同的所述容置腔的内部或外侧的预设位置，且所述出液口设有喷头，所述喷头的内部填充有用于阻止所述支路通管内的灭火剂喷出的热敏材料，且所述热敏材料能够在温度升高至预设变形温度阈值范围时变形以使所述灭火剂通过所述喷头向所述容置腔喷出。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的防灭火电池包，其中，每个所述支路通管上的所述喷头设有多个，各所述喷头分别朝向所述容置腔内的各所述电池模组和/或所述电池模组的电池单体。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的防灭火电池包，其中，所述喷头置于所述电池模组和/或所述电池单体内部，或者与所述电池模组和/或所述电池单体有间隔。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的防灭火电池包，其中，所述喷头朝向各所述电池模组和/或所述电池单体的底部、侧面或上部。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的防灭火电池包，其中，所述喷头的出口与所述电池单体的排气阀相对设置，使灭火剂的流动方向与热失控热蔓延方向一致，从而使灭火剂从热失控发生位置向未发生热失控位置喷出。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的防灭火电池包，其中，所述喷头包括相连通的进液部、出液部及设于进液部、出液部内部的热敏材料，进液部的进口与所述传输管路的出液口连通；其中，进液部的内径d的最大值小于或等于出液部的内径D的最小值，出液部沿灭火剂流出的方向呈喇叭状。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的防灭火电池包，其中，所述热敏材料包括易熔合金、记忆合金、热塑性树脂或热塑性玻璃钢中的至少一种。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的防灭火电池包，其中，所述电池包还包括水冷管，所述水冷管设置于所述容置腔的底面、侧面或顶面中的至少一个面上用于降温。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的防灭火电池包，其中，所述箱壁朝向各所述容置腔的一侧涂覆防腐涂层。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的防灭火电池包，其中，所述预设变形温度阈值范围为85℃-180℃。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的防灭火电池包，其中，所述预设压力值为0.8MPa-4.5MPa。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的防灭火电池包，其中，所述灭火剂的形态为气态、液态、气液混合态、固液混合态或气固液混合态中的至少一种；所述灭火剂包括六氟丙烷、七氟丙烷、全氟已酮、二氧化碳、氮气、氦气或氩气中的至少一种。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的防灭火电池包，其中，还包括零压储罐，与所述保护箱体内部预设的温度传感器相连，用于基于所述温度传感器测得的温度 数据产生气体压力，从而为所述中空结构内的灭火剂增压。
  15. 一种车辆，包括如权利要求1-14中任一项所述的防灭火电池包。
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