WO2022116908A1 - 高能量锂电池及包括该锂电池的大型储能系统 - Google Patents

高能量锂电池及包括该锂电池的大型储能系统 Download PDF

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WO2022116908A1
WO2022116908A1 PCT/CN2021/133521 CN2021133521W WO2022116908A1 WO 2022116908 A1 WO2022116908 A1 WO 2022116908A1 CN 2021133521 W CN2021133521 W CN 2021133521W WO 2022116908 A1 WO2022116908 A1 WO 2022116908A1
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battery
lithium battery
energy lithium
energy
casing
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PCT/CN2021/133521
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English (en)
French (fr)
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雷政军
郭鸿香
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中澳储能电力科技（西安）有限公司
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Publication of WO2022116908A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022116908A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/627—Stationary installations, e.g. power plant buffering or backup power supplies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/653—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by electrically insulating or thermally conductive materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a high-energy lithium battery for storage of power generation and a large-scale energy storage system including a plurality of the high-energy lithium batteries.
  • the characteristics of the power system of power generation enterprises are that the power generation is stable and continuous at every moment of the day, while the power consumption is variable, and the power consumption has multiple peaks and troughs every day.
  • Power generation companies usually use the peak value of the wave as their power generation value to ensure uninterrupted power supply, but this also leads to oversupply during the trough.
  • the cost of power generation is lower than the cost of power storage, a large number of power abandonment phenomenon occurs.
  • the energy storage cost of lithium-ion battery energy storage system is most likely lower than the average power generation cost.
  • the following two problems need to be overcome.
  • Lithium-ion batteries will cause internal short circuits in the positive and negative electrodes when overcharged, short-circuited, overheated, or defective in manufacturing, resulting in a large amount of gas and heat being instantly generated inside the battery cells.
  • the thermal runaway combustion of the battery caused by the reaction of the diaphragm, electrolyte and other components.
  • the cathode material of the battery cell will generate a large amount of combustible gas, causing the battery box to tear or explode.
  • the formation of large-scale fires is difficult to suppress and is extremely harmful.
  • the commonly used method to prevent thermal runaway is to set up a gas fire extinguishing agent or a water mist fire extinguishing agent in the battery box and outside the battery module, and spray the fire extinguishing agent to achieve the effect of fire extinguishing and cooling.
  • the fire extinguishing effect of fog extinguishing agent is better than that of gas extinguishing agent.
  • the second is the problem of working temperature.
  • the electrolyte of commercial secondary lithium batteries is mainly composed of ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and lithium hexafluorophosphate.
  • carbonate solvents such as dimethyl carbonate are organic solvents with low flash point and volatile. Low, it will significantly affect the efficiency and life of lithium-ion batteries, therefore, it is very important to control the working environment of lithium-ion batteries.
  • the current commonly used temperature control method is to use electric heating when the temperature is too low, and use air cooling and water cooling to dissipate heat when the temperature is too high.
  • the heat dissipation effect of water cooling is much better than that of air cooling.
  • the present invention proposes an effective solution to the aforementioned technical problems such as thermal runaway easily causing danger and difficult temperature control existing in the storage of generated electricity.
  • One aspect of the present invention relates to a high-energy lithium battery for storage of power generation, which includes a battery cell and a casing for accommodating the battery core, the thickness of the casing is in the range of 5-15mm, and the thickness of the casing is in the range of 5-15mm.
  • An explosion venting component is provided, and the explosion venting component will rupture when thermal runaway occurs, so that the electrolyte can be released quickly.
  • the energy of the high-energy lithium battery is between 5KWh-30KWh.
  • the casing includes an upper casing and a lower casing that are fixedly connected, and the explosion venting component is arranged below the upper casing.
  • the explosion venting component is provided at the connection between the upper casing and the lower casing.
  • the upper casing and the lower casing of the high-energy lithium battery are connected together by threads, and the explosion venting pressure is controlled by the width and size of the threads.
  • the upper case and the lower case of the high-energy lithium battery are connected by interference fit, and the explosion venting pressure is controlled by the tightness of the interference fit.
  • the upper casing has a narrowed bottle mouth with a small diameter, the bottle mouth is threadedly connected with the cap, and the bottle mouth is a passage for the wires of the positive and negative electrodes of the battery cells and a passage for the electrolyte solution. Injection port.
  • the high-energy lithium battery is equipped with a sensor for sensing whether the battery cell is working normally, and its wire outlet is consistent with the positive and negative wire outlets.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides a battery tank for a large-scale energy storage system, which includes a plurality of the aforementioned high-energy lithium batteries, the battery tank is divided into an upper tank body and a lower tank body, and the upper tank body and the The separator forms a heat conduction cavity, the heat conduction cavity is filled with heat conduction liquid, the high-energy lithium battery is immersed in the heat conduction liquid, the lower tank body and the baffle plate form a fire protection cavity, and the fire protection cavity is connected with the fire protection pipeline.
  • the heat transfer absorbing liquid is water.
  • the fire fighting pipeline is connected to a fire extinguishing agent device, and the fire extinguishing agent device may be a gas fire extinguishing agent device or a liquid fire extinguishing agent device.
  • the fire-fighting pipeline is connected to the absorption tower for absorbing the electrolyte and gas products generated due to thermal runaway.
  • a temperature sensor is provided in the battery can for monitoring the temperature of the heat-conducting absorbing liquid in the battery can.
  • a warning light is provided on the battery tank, and once a high-energy lithium battery is thermally out of control, the warning light will flash and ring.
  • the outside of the battery can is coated with insulating material.
  • the battery can is any one of square, rectangle and circle.
  • a final aspect of the present invention provides a large-scale energy storage system, which includes a plurality of battery tanks as described above connected by pipelines, the liquid outlet of the tank body on each battery tank and the liquid inlet of the adjacent battery tank The liquid of the whole system is connected to a heat transfer liquid circulation loop through the liquid pipeline; the lower tank of each battery tank is connected to the fire pipeline.
  • the heat transfer liquid circulation loop of the energy storage system further comprises a liquid replenishment tank, a liquid pump and a cooling and heating tower.
  • the current maximum energy of a lithium battery cell is 0.6KWh, and it is usually about 0.2KWh.
  • the energy of the high-energy lithium battery of the present invention is above 2KWh, preferably between 5KWh-30KWh, so that under a single equal energy, the high-energy lithium battery of the present invention can save most battery racks, battery boxes, battery protection Plates and other devices, thereby greatly reducing the cost of pulling the entire battery pack.
  • the lithium battery casing is equipped with an explosion vent valve.
  • the high-energy lithium battery of the present invention is composed of an upper casing and a lower casing, both of which are pressure-resistant components.
  • the upper casing of the high-energy lithium battery of the present invention It is quickly separated from the lower case due to the rupture of the explosion venting parts, exposing the flammable substances such as the electrolyte inside the high-energy lithium battery to the external environment.
  • lithium batteries often do not have a waterproof function, and the internal circuit of the battery is likely to be short-circuited after encountering water, resulting in failure to work, which affects the normal use and service life of the lithium battery.
  • the positive and negative electrodes of the high-energy lithium battery according to the present invention can be drawn out from the bottle mouth of the casing by copper wires, which are tightly sealed and can be immersed in the liquid for a long time.
  • the lithium battery when the lithium battery is cooled by liquid cooling, a single cell or battery module is placed in a sealed battery compartment, and the cooling liquid surrounds the battery compartment to cool down, and the cold liquid does not directly contact the battery cell. , which makes the heat exchange less efficient.
  • the shell of the high-energy lithium battery in the battery tank of the present invention is in direct contact with the heat transfer fluid, thereby greatly improving the heat exchange efficiency.
  • the cooling and fire extinguishing effect is achieved by spraying the fire extinguishing agent directly to the battery module through the nozzle in the box.
  • thermal runaway occurs, a large amount of gas will be discharged from the explosion vent valve, the fire extinguishing agent cannot reach the inside of the cell, and the thermal runaway reaction inside the cell will continue to increase, still causing adjacent cells and even the entire Risk of thermal runaway of the battery system.
  • the upper and lower casings are rapidly separated due to the rupture of the explosion venting parts, which can make the flammable substances such as the electrolyte of the high-energy lithium battery rapidly Being guided into a fire-fighting pipeline with fire extinguishing agent can quickly terminate the thermal runaway reaction inside the cell, avoiding the risk of thermal runaway of the entire battery system.
  • Fig. 1 shows the structural representation of a kind of high-energy lithium battery provided by the present invention; wherein Fig. 1 (a) is a front view of high-energy lithium battery; Fig. 1 (b) is a cross-sectional view of high-energy lithium battery;
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a large-scale energy storage system
  • Figure 2 (a) is a front view of the battery can
  • Figure 2 (b) is a cross-sectional view of the B-B side of the battery can
  • Figure 2 (c) is a battery canister C-C. Sectional view
  • Figure 2(d) is a schematic diagram of the energy storage system.
  • the upper casing 11 and the lower casing 12 of the high-energy lithium battery 1 of the present invention are connected by threads, and there is a sealing ring 13 on the threads, which can ensure that the inside of the casing is space is sealed.
  • the upper casing 11 is provided with a small-diameter bottle mouth, which is the passage through which the wires 18 of the positive and negative electrodes of the battery are connected.
  • the explosion venting component 14 is located at the junction of the upper casing 11 and the lower casing 12.
  • the explosion venting component 14 is thin as a whole or in part and ruptures, and the upper casing 11 and the lower casing are broken.
  • the body 12 is rapidly separated due to the explosion pressure, exposing the flammable substances such as the electrolyte inside the high-energy lithium battery to the external environment.
  • a fixing flange 15 is welded on the upper casing 11 of the high-energy lithium battery 1 so that the high-energy lithium battery 1 can be fixedly assembled.
  • the high-energy lithium battery of the present invention is used for storage of power generation, including but not limited to hydropower, wind power, nuclear power, and the like.
  • the energy of the high-energy lithium battery 1 described in the above technical solution is above 2KWh, preferably between 5KWh and 30KWh.
  • the high-energy lithium battery 1 described in the above technical solution is a lithium iron phosphate battery, and a lithium battery such as lithium cobalt oxide and other lithium metal oxides can also be used.
  • the upper casing 11 and the lower casing 12 of the high-energy lithium battery 1 described in the above technical solution are both pressure-resistant components, and their material is preferably an aluminum alloy with a thickness of 5-15 mm, or equivalent Strong stainless steel and other metal materials and non-metal materials. By selecting such a thickness range, the casing can have sufficient support strength and ensure a large enough volume space to meet the needs of power generation and electricity storage.
  • connection between the upper case 11 and the lower case 12 of the high-energy lithium battery 1 described in the above technical solution is connected together by a thread, and the explosion venting pressure is controlled by the width and size of the thread.
  • connection between the upper casing 11 and the lower casing 12 of the high-energy lithium battery 1 described in the above technical solution can be connected by interference fit, and the explosion venting pressure can be controlled by the tightness of the interference fit.
  • the explosion venting component can be grooved, and the groove thickness is 20-50% of the wall thickness.
  • connection between the upper case 11 and the lower case 12 of the high-energy lithium battery 1 described in the above technical solution can be mechanically connected by extruding the rubber between the upper case 11 and the lower case 12 .
  • the sealing ring is used to realize the fixation of the cover.
  • the positive and negative electrodes of the high-energy lithium battery 1 described in the above technical solutions are connected by copper wires 18 from the bottle mouth of the upper casing, which are tightly sealed and have a waterproof function.
  • the high-energy lithium battery 1 in the above technical solution can be equipped with a sensing wire to sense whether the battery cell is working normally, and its wire outlet is consistent with the positive and negative wire outlets.
  • the high-energy lithium battery 1 in the above-mentioned technical solution can be welded with other assembly components such as the flange 15 on its casing according to assembly requirements.
  • the large-scale energy storage system of the present invention is to install a plurality of high-energy lithium batteries 1 provided by the present invention to the separator through bolts.
  • the upper tank body 2117, the gasket B 2119, the partition plate 2114, and the lower tank body 2116 are connected together by the bolt assembly 2118.
  • the upper tank body 2117 and the partition plate 2114 form a heat conduction cavity, and the heat conduction cavity is equipped with a heat conduction cavity.
  • the upper shell 11 of the high-energy lithium battery 1 is immersed in the heat transfer liquid, the lower tank and the separator form a fire-fighting cavity, and the lower shell 12 of the high-energy lithium battery 1 is located in the fire-fighting cavity.
  • the cavity is connected to the fire pipeline.
  • the heat transfer fluid here can be a commonly used liquid that has a cooling effect, and water is preferably used in view of cost.
  • the wire 18 of the high-energy lithium battery 1 is connected through the wire hole at the top of the upper tank 2117, and the upper wire hole of the upper tank 2117 has a wire sleeve 2122 and a sealing ring D 2120, and the cover 2121 is connected to the upper tank through threads. 2117 to connect.
  • the large-scale energy storage system consists of a plurality of battery tanks 21, and the liquid outlet pipe 2113 of each battery tank 21 is connected to the liquid inlet pipe 2112 of another battery tank 21, and is connected to the liquid storage tank 221, the cooling and heating tower 222, the liquid On the pump 223, the heat transfer fluid of the whole system is connected to a circulation loop through the liquid pipe 224.
  • the fire outlet 2111 of the lower tank body of each battery tank 21 is connected to the fire outlet 2111 of other battery tanks 21 , the fire extinguishing agent device 231 , the pump 233 and the absorption tower 234 through the fire protection pipeline 232 .
  • the upper casing 11 and the lower casing 12 of the high-energy lithium battery 1 in the battery can 21 are rapidly separated at the explosion venting part 14, and the lower casing of the high-energy lithium battery 1 12 is detached from the lower tank, the electrolyte and gas products inside the battery are guided into the fire fighting pipeline, and the fire extinguishing agent device 231 is activated at the same time, and the fire extinguishing agent is quickly discharged into the fire fighting pipeline, and the pump is started at the same time, which will be caused by thermal runaway.
  • the generated electrolyte and gas products are discharged into the absorption tower 234 through the fire fighting pipeline, so as to achieve the purpose of preventing thermal runaway.
  • connection mode of the separator 2114 and the high-energy lithium battery 1 is not limited to bolt connection, but also can be other common modes such as welding.
  • the fire-fighting pipeline may be equipped with a liquid fire extinguishing device or a gas fire-extinguishing device according to the nature of the lithium battery, or may not be equipped with a fire-extinguishing device.
  • the fire-fighting pipe may not be provided with an absorption tower, and may be directly discharged into the atmosphere.
  • the battery tank 21 described in the above technical solution has one or more temperature sensors in it to monitor the temperature of the heat transfer fluid in the battery tank 21 at all times, and thereby adjust the temperature of the heat transfer fluid through the cooling and heating tower 222 to ensure high energy Lithium battery 1 operates within an optimum temperature range.
  • a warning light can be installed in the battery tank 21. Once the high-energy lithium battery 1 is thermally out of control, the warning light will flash and ring to alert the staff so that they can quickly take the next step.
  • connection mode of several battery tanks 21 of the large-scale energy storage system is a series mode, or a parallel mode, or a combination of series and parallel mode.

Abstract

本发明涉及一种高能量锂电池以及包括多个该高能量锂电池的大型储能系统。本发明的高能量锂电池用于发电电量的储存，其包括电芯和容纳电芯的壳体，所述壳体的厚度在5-15mm范围，在所述壳体下方设置有泄爆部件，当发生热失控时所述泄爆部件会发生破裂，以使电解液快速释放。本发明的大型储能系统，其包括多个装有高能量锂电池的电池罐，所述电池罐由上罐体和下罐体组成，所述上罐体与隔板组成导热腔，导热腔内装有导热液，并通过电池罐上罐体的出液管与相邻电池罐的进液管及液体管道连接成导热液循环回路，在正常工作状态，用于控制高能量锂电池工作温度；所述下罐体与隔板组成消防腔，消防腔与消防管道连接，当发生热失控时，高能量锂电池的泄爆部件发生破裂，可以让高能量锂电池的电解液等易燃物质迅速被引导消防管道中，可迅速终止电芯内部的热失控反应，避免让整个电池系统发生热失控的风险。

Description

高能量锂电池及包括该锂电池的大型储能系统 技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于发电电量的储存的高能量锂电池以及包括多个该高能量锂电池的大型储能系统。
背景技术
发电企业电力系统的特点是，每天的每时每刻，发电量是稳定和持续的，而用电量是变化的，用电每天有多次的波峰波谷。发电企业通常以波峰值为其发电值，从而保证供电的不间断，但这也造成在波谷时供过于求，因发电成本低于储电成本，因而造成大量的弃电现象，在各种储能方案中，锂离子电池储能体系的储电成本是最有可能低于平均发电成本的，然而锂离子电池储能体系要达到大规模使用的目标，需要克服下面两个问题。
一是由热失控引发的失火问题，锂离子电池在过充、短路、过热时或制造缺陷时，都会造成正负极内部短路，造成电芯内部瞬间产生大量气体和热量，电池内部在高温下隔膜、电解质等成分发生反应所造成的电池热失控燃烧，热失控时电芯阴极材料会产生大量的可燃气体，引发电池箱撕裂或爆炸，大量氧气参与燃烧会导致热失控扩散加剧，从而造成形成大面积火灾而难以抑制，危害性极大。
对于该问题，目前常用的防止热失控的方法为在电池箱内，电池模组外，设置气体灭火剂或水雾灭火剂蓬头，通过喷射灭火剂来达到灭火和降温效果，相对而言水雾灭火剂的灭火效果要好于气体灭火剂。
关于在灭火方面的专利也很多，如CN 111384341 A、CN 207353319 U、CN 211428305 U专利，是通过在箱内的喷头向电池模组直接喷射灭火剂来达到降温和灭火效果，又如专利CN 111640891 A，是电池模组浸泡在静止的绝缘液体灭火剂中，在正常工作时，该绝缘液体灭火剂没有温度调节作用，但在电池热失 控时，该绝缘液体灭火剂可起到降温和灭火作用。目前常规的锂电池芯都带有泄爆阀，且泄爆阀的口径很小，在发生热失控时，会有大量气体从泄爆阀排出，灭火剂无法达到电芯内部，而电芯内部的高温反应会持续增加，依旧有造成相邻电芯发生热失控的风险，且上述专利的结构都很复杂，成本很高。
二是工作温度问题，商用二次锂电池电解液主要是由碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯和六氟磷酸锂混合而成。其中，由于六氟磷酸锂60℃以上会发生分解，碳酸二甲酯等碳酸酯类溶剂为低闪点、易挥发的有机溶剂，在高于55度时，可能引发热积累而导致热失控，而温度过低，又会明显影响锂离子电池的效率和寿命，因此，控制锂电池的工作环境至关重要。
对于该问题，目前常用的温控方法为温度过低时采取电加热，温度过高时通过风冷和水冷散热，相对而言水冷的散热效果要远好于风冷。
关于在水冷方面的专利很多，如CN 203895574、UCN 106058383 A、CN 207052730 U、CN 108023140 A、CN110379974 A专利，都是通过水冷方式进行降温，其核心是将单个电芯或电池模组置于密封的电池仓内，冷却水围绕着电池仓进行降温，冷却水与电芯不直接接触，这使的热交换效率较低，且上述专利的结构都很复杂，成本很高。
当锂电池应用于大规模电力储能时，尤其在使用高能量电池时，因电池数量巨大，其对温度控制和安全性提出更高要求。
目前的技术和专利仅适合小能量电芯，目前锂电池电芯的能量最大为0.6KWh，常见为0.2KWh左右。现有的大规模储能系统急需改进，缺少可有效用于发电电量储存的高能量电池。
发明内容
本发明针对前述发电电量储存时存在的热失控易造成危险、温度控制难等技术问题提出了有效的解决手段。
本发明的一个方面涉及一种高能量锂电池，用于发电电量的储存，其包括电芯和容纳电芯的壳体，所述壳体的厚度在5-15mm范围，在所述壳体下方设置 有泄爆部件，当发生热失控时所述泄爆部件会发生破裂，以使电解液快速释放。
优选地，所述高能量锂电池的能量在5KWh-30KWh之间。
优选地，所述壳体包括固定连接的上壳体和下壳体，所述泄爆部件设置在所述上壳体的下方。
优选地，所述泄爆部件设置在所述上壳体和下壳体的连接处。
优选地，所述高能量锂电池的上壳体与下壳体通过螺纹连接在一起，并通过螺纹宽窄和多少来控制泄爆压力。
优选地，所述高能量锂电池的上壳体与下壳体通过过盈配合连接，并通过过盈配合的松紧来控制泄爆压力。
优选地，所述上壳体具有收窄的小直径的瓶口，所述瓶口与封盖螺纹连接，所述瓶口为内接电芯正负极的导线的穿过通道以及电解液的注液口。
优选地，所述高能量锂电池内装有传感器，用于感应电芯是否正常工作，其导线出口与正负极导线出口一致。
本发明的又一方面提供一种用于大型储能系统的电池罐，其包括多个前述的高能量锂电池，所述电池罐分为上罐体和下罐体，所述上罐体与隔板组成导热腔，所述导热腔内装有导热液，所述高能量锂电池浸泡在所述导热液中，所述下罐体与隔板组成消防腔，消防腔与消防管道连接。
优选地，所述导热吸收液为水。
优选地，所述消防管道与灭火剂装置连接，所述灭火剂装置可以为气体灭火剂装置或液体灭火剂装置。
优选地，所述消防管道与吸收塔连接，用于吸收因热失控而产生的电解液及气体产物。
优选地，所述电池罐内设置有温度传感器，用于监控所述电池罐内的导热吸收液的温度。
优选地，所述电池罐上设置有警示灯，一旦有高能量锂电池发生热失控，警示灯会闪烁和响铃。
优选地，所述电池罐外面涂有绝缘材料。
优选地，所述电池罐为正方形、长方形和圆形中的任意一种。
本发明的最后一方面提供一种大型储能系统，其包括多个通过管道连接的前述任意所述的电池罐，每个电池罐上罐体的出液口与相邻电池罐的进液口相 连，整个系统的液体通过液体管道连接成导热液循环回路；每个电池罐下罐体与消防管道连接。
优选地，所述储能系统的导热液循环回路进一步包括补液箱、液体泵和冷热塔。
根据现有技术，目前锂电池电芯的能量最大为0.6KWh，常见为0.2KWh左右。而本发明所述的高能量锂电池的能量在2KWh以上,优选5KWh-30KWh之间，这样在单个同等能量下，本发明的高能量锂电池可以省去大多数电池架、电池箱、电池保护板等装置，从而大幅降低拉整个电池组的成本。
根据现有技术，锂电池壳体都带有泄爆阀，当锂电池电芯发生热失控时，其产生的大量热量从泄爆阀泄出，壳体始终完整，壳体内的电解液等易燃物质不与外界接触。而本发明所述的高能量锂电池由上壳体和下壳体组成，其均为耐压部件，当高能量锂电池发生热失控时，本发明所述的高能量锂电池的上壳体与下壳体由于泄爆部件破裂迅速分离，让高能量锂电池内部的电解液等易燃物质暴露在外部环境中。
根据现有技术，锂电池往往不具备防水功能，在遇水后容易出现电池内部电路短路而导致无法工作的情况，影响锂电池正常使用和使用寿命。而本发明所述的高能量锂电池的正负极可以由铜质导线从壳体的瓶口引出，其密封严密，可以长期浸泡在液体中。
根据现有技术，锂电池在通过液冷方式进行降温时，是将单个电芯或电池模组置于密封的电池仓内，冷液围绕着电池仓进行降温，冷液与电芯不直接接触，这使的热交换效率较低。而本发明所述的电池罐中高能量锂电池的外壳与导热液直接接触，从而大幅度提高热交换效率。
根据现有技术，当锂电池发生热失控时，是通过在箱内的喷头向电池模组直接喷射灭火剂来达到降温和灭火效果，而锂电池芯都带有泄爆阀，且泄爆阀的口径很小，在发生热失控时，会有大量气体从泄爆阀排出，灭火剂无法达到电芯内部，而电芯内部的热失控反应会持续增加，依旧有造成相邻电芯乃至整个电池系统发生热失控的风险。而根据本发明的电池罐和大型储能系统，当高能量锂电池发生热失控时，其上下壳体由于泄爆部件破裂而迅速分离，可以让高能量锂电池的电解液等易燃物质迅速被引导到带有灭火剂的消防管道中，可迅速终止电芯内部的热失控反应，避免让整个电池系统发生热失控的风险。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。
图1所示为本发明提供的一种高能量锂电池的结构示意图；其中图1(a)为高能量锂电池的正视图；图1(b)为高能量锂电池的剖视图；
图2所示为大型储能系统的结构示意图；其中图2(a)为电池罐的正视图；图2(b)为电池罐B-B面的剖视图；图2(c)为电池罐C-C面的剖视图；图2(d)为储能系统示意图。
附图标记说明：1、高能量锂电池；11、上壳体；12、下壳体；13、密封圈A；14、泄爆部件；15、固定法兰；16、密封圈B；17、封盖；18、导线；21、电池罐；2111、消防口；2112、进液管；2113、出液管；2114、隔板；2115、支腿；2116、下罐体；2117、上罐体；2118、螺栓组件；2119、密封垫B；2120、密封圈D；2121、封盖；2122、导线套；221、储液箱；222、冷热塔；223、液体泵；224、液体管；231、灭火剂装置；232、消防管道；233、泵；234、吸收塔
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。
应当理解，在多个附图中使用的相同元件符号表示相同的组件或相同功能的组件。另外，附图仅用于说明而不是限制本发明的范围，并且不应视为按比例。
如图1(a)、图1(b)所示，本发明的高能量锂电池1的上壳体11与下壳体12是通过螺纹连接，螺纹上有密封圈13，这样可以保证壳体内的空间成密封状态。上壳体11上带有小直径的瓶口，其为内接电芯的正负极的导线18的穿过通道，在装配时，该瓶口可作为注液口和补液口，上壳体11的瓶口与封盖17 之间有密封圈B16，上壳体11的瓶口与封盖17通过螺纹连接，这样可以保证高能量锂电池1具有防水功能。泄爆部件14位于上壳体11与下壳体12的连接处，当高能量锂电池1反生热失控时，泄爆部件14整体或局部较薄，发生破裂，上壳体11与下壳体12因泄爆压力而迅速分离，让高能量锂电池内部的电解液等易燃物质暴露在外部环境中。高能量锂电池1的上壳体11上焊有固定法兰15，以便高能量锂电池1可以固定装配。
本发明的高能量锂电池被用于发电电量的储存，所述发电包括但不限于水力发电、风力发电、核能发电等。
进一步说明，上述技术方案中所述的高能量锂电池1的能量在2KWh以上,优选5KWh-30KWh之间。
进一步说明，上述技术方案中所述的高能量锂电池1，为磷酸铁锂电池，也可选用锂钴氧化物，其他锂金属氧化物等锂电池。
进一步说明，上述技术方案中所述的高能量锂电池1的上壳体11与下壳体12,其均为耐压部件，其材质优选为铝合金，厚度为5-15mm，也可选用同等强度的不锈钢等其它金属材质和非金属材质。通过选用这样的厚度范围，壳体可以具有足够的支撑强度，并保证具有足够大的容积空间，以满足发电电量储存的需要。
进一步说明，上述技术方案中所述的高能量锂电池1的上壳体11与下壳体12的连接通过螺纹连接在一起，并通过螺纹宽窄和多少来控制泄爆压力。
进一步说明，上述技术方案中所述的高能量锂电池1的上壳体11与下壳体12的连接可以通过过盈配合连接，并通过过盈配合的松紧来控制泄爆压力。
进一步说明，泄爆部件可以采用刻槽方式，刻槽厚度为壁厚的20-50％。
进一步说明，上述技术方案中所述的高能量锂电池1的上壳体11与下壳体12的连接可以通过机械的方式连接，通过挤压上壳体11与下壳体12之间的橡胶密封圈来实现封盖的固定。
进一步说明，上述技术方案中所述的高能量锂电池1,其正负极是由铜质导线18从上壳体的瓶口连出，其密封严密，具有防水功能。
进一步说明，上述技术方案中的高能量锂电池1,可装有传感线，以感应电芯是否正常工作，其导线出口与正负极导线出口一致。
进一步说明，上述技术方案中的高能量锂电池1,可以根据装配需要在其壳体上可焊接如法兰盘15等其它装配部件。
如图2(a)、2(b)、2(c)、2(d)所示，本发明的大型储能系统是将多个本发明提供的高能量锂电池1通过螺栓连接装到隔板2114上，将上罐体2117、密封垫B 2119、隔板2114、下罐体2116通过螺栓组件2118连接在一起，上罐体2117与隔板2114组成导热腔，所述导热腔内装有导热液，所述高能量锂电池1的上壳体11浸泡在导热液中，所述下罐体与隔板组成消防腔，所述高能量锂电池1的下壳体12位于消防腔内，消防腔与消防管道连接。这里的导热液可以使用常用的能够起到降温作用的液体，从成本考虑优选使用水。
高能量锂电池1的导线18连由上罐体2117的顶端导线孔中穿出，上罐体2117的上端导线孔内有导线套2122和密封圈D 2120，封盖2121通过螺纹与上罐体2117连接。大型型储能系统由多个电池罐21组成，每个电池罐21的出液管2113与另一个电池罐21的进液管2112相连，并连接到储液箱221、冷热塔222、液体泵223上，整个系统的导热液通过液体管224连接成循环回路。每个电池罐21的下罐体的消防口2111，通过消防管道232与其它电池罐21的消防口2111、灭火剂装置231、泵233、吸收塔234连接。
这样，当电池罐21的上罐体2117内充满导热液时，高能量锂电池1的上壳体11的大部分部淹没在导热液中，使高能量锂电池1的和导热液可以直接进行热交换，实现温控的目的。当高能量锂电池1发生热失控时，在电池罐21内的高能量锂电池1的上壳体11与下壳体12在泄爆部件14处迅速分离，高能量锂电池1的下壳体12脱离到下罐体中，电池内部的电解液及气体产物被引导到消防管道中，同时灭火剂装置231启动，迅速将灭火剂迅速排到消防管道内，同时泵启动，将因热失控而产生的电解液及气体产物通过消防管道排放到吸收塔234中，从而达到阻止热失控的目的。
进一步说明，上述技术方案中所述的大型储能系统,隔板2114与高能量锂 电池1的连接方式，不紧限于螺栓连接，还可以是焊接等其它常见的方式。
进一步说明，上述技术方案中所述的大型储能系统,其中的消防管道内根据锂电的性质，可以配备液体灭火装置或配备气体灭火装置，可以不配备灭火装置。
进一步说明，上述技术方案中所述的大型储能系统，根据锂电池的性质，其中的消防管可以不设置吸收塔，可以直接将其排到大气中。
进一步说明，上述技术方案中所述的电池罐21,内有一个或多个温度传感器，时刻监控电池罐21导热液的温度，并以此通过冷热塔222来调节导热液温度，保证高能量锂电池1在最佳温度范围内工作。
进一步说明，上述技术方案中在电池罐21可装警示灯，一旦有高能量锂电池1发生热失控，警示灯会闪烁和响铃，以引起工作人员警觉，使其可以迅速采取下一步措施。
进一步说明，上述技术方案中，大型储能系统的数个电池罐21的连接方式为串联方式，也可以是并联方式，也可以是串并联相结合的方式。
最后应当说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制，尽管参照上述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解：依然可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者等同替换，而未脱离本发明精神和范围的任何修改或者等同替换，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求保护范围之内。
由技术常识可知，本发明可以通过其它的不脱离其精神实质或必要特征的实施方案来实现。因此，上述公开的实施方案，就各方面而言，都只是举例说明，并不是仅有的。所有在本发明范围内或在等同于本发明的范围内的改变均被本发明包含。

Claims (22)

  1. 一种高能量锂电池，用于发电电量的储存，其包括电芯和容纳电芯的壳体，所述壳体的厚度在5-15mm范围，在所述壳体下方设置有泄爆部件，当发生热失控时所述泄爆部件会发生破裂，以使电解液快速释放。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的高能量锂电池，其中所述高能量锂电池的能量在5KWh-30KWh之间。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的高能量锂电池，其中所述壳体为铝合金，与铝合金同等强度的不锈钢、其它金属材质或非金属材质。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的高能量锂电池，其中所述壳体包括固定连接的上壳体和下壳体，所述泄爆部件设置在所述上壳体的下方。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的高能量锂电池，其中所述泄爆部件设置在所述上壳体和下壳体的连接处。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的高能量锂电池，其中所述高能量锂电池的上壳体与下壳体通过螺纹连接在一起，并通过螺纹宽窄和多少来控制泄爆压力。
  7. 根据权利要求4或5所述的高能量锂电池，其中所述高能量锂电池的上壳体与下壳体通过过盈配合连接，并通过过盈配合的松紧来控制泄爆压力。
  8. 根据权利要求4或5所述的高能量锂电池，其特征在于，所述高能量锂电池的上壳体与下壳体的连接通过机械方式连接，通过挤压上壳体与下壳体之间的橡胶密封圈来实现封盖的固定。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的高能量锂电池，其特征在于，所述泄爆部件采用刻槽方式，刻槽厚度为壁厚的20-50％。
  10. 根据权利要求4所述的高能量锂电池，其中所述上壳体具有收窄的小直径的瓶口，所述瓶口与封盖螺纹连接，所述瓶口为内接电芯正负极的导线的穿过通道以及电解液的注液口。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的高能量锂电池，其特征在于，所述高能量锂电池的正负极由导线从壳体的瓶口连出，其密封严密，具有防水功能，可以长期浸泡在液体中。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的高能量锂电池，其中所述高能量锂电池内装有传感器，传感器直接与电芯中的电解液接触，用于感应电芯是否正常工作，其导 线出口与正负极导线出口一致。
  13. 一种用于大型储能系统的电池罐，其包括多个前述权利要求1-12任意所述的高能量锂电池，所述电池罐分为上罐体和下罐体，所述上罐体与隔板组成导热腔，所述导热腔内装有导热液，所述下罐体与隔板组成消防腔，消防腔与消防管道连接。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电池罐，其中所述导热液为水。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的电池罐，其中所述消防管道与气体灭火剂装置连接。
  16. 根据权利要求13所述的电池罐，其中所述消防管道与液体灭火剂装置连接。
  17. 根据权利要求14所述的电池罐，其中所述消防管道与吸收塔连接，用于吸收因热失控而产生的电解液及气体产物。
  18. 根据权利要求13所述的电池罐，其中所述电池罐内设置有温度传感器，用于监控所述电池罐内的导热吸收液的温度。
  19. 根据权利要求13所述的电池罐，其中所述电池罐上设置有警示灯，一旦有高能量锂电池发生热失控，警示灯会闪烁和响铃。
  20. 根据权利要求13所述的电池罐，其中所述电池罐外面涂有绝缘材料。
  21. 根据权利要求13所述的电池罐，其中所述电池罐为正方形、长方形和圆形中的任意一种。
  22. 一种大型储能系统，其包括多个通过管道连接的前述权利要求13-21任意所述的电池罐，每个电池罐上罐体的出液口与相邻电池罐的进液口相连，整个系统的液体通过液体管道连接成循环回路；每个电池罐下罐体与消防管道连接。
PCT/CN2021/133521 2020-12-04 2021-11-26 高能量锂电池及包括该锂电池的大型储能系统 WO2022116908A1 (zh)

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