WO2022011512A1 - 一种内墙多功能基材及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种内墙多功能基材及其制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022011512A1
WO2022011512A1 PCT/CN2020/101701 CN2020101701W WO2022011512A1 WO 2022011512 A1 WO2022011512 A1 WO 2022011512A1 CN 2020101701 W CN2020101701 W CN 2020101701W WO 2022011512 A1 WO2022011512 A1 WO 2022011512A1
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Prior art keywords
interior walls
gypsum
multifunctional
walls according
substrate
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PCT/CN2020/101701
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘鑫
洪德明
黄健
赵旭阳
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维德斯新材料(上海)有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2020/101701 priority Critical patent/WO2022011512A1/zh
Publication of WO2022011512A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022011512A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of building substrates, and particularly relates to a multifunctional substrate for interior walls using expanded microspheres as heat-insulating aggregates and a preparation method thereof.
  • EPS/XPS insulation board The advantage is that it has excellent thermal insulation, water resistance and impact resistance.
  • the disadvantage is that its own strength is small and its load-bearing capacity is poor; and its flame retardant performance is poor, and a large amount of toxic gases will be released when it is burned; during construction, the flatness of the wall is required to be high; the construction process is cumbersome, and adhesives are required. Bonding, reinforcement with mesh cloth, and anchors, etc.; the material itself is prone to aging and shrinkage, resulting in splicing cracks and often large-scale shedding.
  • Polyurethane foam In terms of application, polyurethane foam is greatly affected by season and temperature, and the foaming rate of polyurethane foam at a temperature below 10 °C will decrease; and the spray molding speed is fast, it is difficult to make a flat spray effect, and the surface is uneven Uneven.
  • Inner wall thermal insulation coating poor thermal insulation performance, prone to condensation and dew condensation; prone to cracks.
  • the patent with the application number of 201110411371.5 discloses an elastic fluorocarbon thermal insulation coating and its preparation method and use method. It adopts hollow glass microspheres and hollow macromolecular polymers, but it uses fluororesin organic matter as the base material, and accounts for the largest Component ratio, namely: 55-65. Such organic substrates will release a large amount of aromatic compounds that are toxic and harmful to the human body during the actual decoration and use process, which is difficult to meet the growing market demand for environmental protection performance.
  • fluorocarbon paint in terms of fire resistance, although fluorocarbon paint is safe and non-toxic below the decomposition temperature, in the event of a fire, it will release a variety of harmful gases such as highly toxic phosgene and fluoroolefins; and this kind of barrier Thermal coatings are expensive due to the large amount of organic components applied, and are completely unapplicable in many scenarios where cost control is required.
  • the patent with the application number of 201810165769 discloses an interior wall thermal insulation and sound insulation putty paste and a preparation method thereof. Nano-scale hollow microbeads and micron-scale hollow expandable elastic microbeads are used, and rock wool is used, and the composition contains synthetic resin emulsion. . This technical solution has obvious defects. First of all, these materials are expensive and difficult to achieve practical production application; as mentioned in the background art section, rock wool is easy to absorb too much water, which is easy to accumulate for a long time, resulting in an increase in the proportion of the thermal insulation layer. Accidents caused by rock wool falling off are relatively common.
  • gypsum As an inorganic gelling agent, gypsum has natural excellent flame retardant properties and environmental protection as its natural advantages as a base material.
  • the conventional gypsum-based products are basically based on leveling and bottoming, which cannot have effective thermal insulation and sound insulation effects, and the specific gravity is generally 1200-1400kg/m 3 , which is not a lightweight product.
  • conventional gypsum-based products have poor water resistance, are easy to loosen and foam when exposed to water, fall off, chalk and mold when exposed to water and moisture for a long time. The initial bonding force is strong, and the product strength increases instantly, but the bonding force will decrease over time and the strength will also decrease.
  • thermal insulation building materials of the prior art have their own defects, and there are irreconcilable contradictions in the aspects of cost, safety in use, sound insulation performance, water resistance performance, fire resistance performance, thermal insulation performance, coating rate, strength, and specific gravity. .
  • the present invention provides a multifunctional base material for interior walls.
  • the multifunctional base material for interior walls of the present invention is specifically realized in the following manner.
  • a multifunctional base material for interior walls comprising the following basic components: an inorganic cementitious material comprising a gypsum component, a filler, and expanded microspheres.
  • fibers are included to increase the crack resistance and flexibility of the exterior wall multifunctional substrate.
  • the expanded microspheres have a hollow structure.
  • the expanded microspheres are thermoplastic hollow polymer microspheres.
  • the expanded microspheres have a particle size of less than 300 microns.
  • auxiliary agent is one or more of water-retaining agent, rubber powder, water-repellent agent and retarder.
  • the rubber powder is vinyl acetate and ethylene copolymer rubber (Vac/E), ethylene and vinyl chloride and vinyl laurate terpolymer rubber powder (E/Vc/VL), vinyl acetate and ethylene and advanced Fatty acid vinyl ester terpolymer rubber powder (Vac/E/VeoVa), vinyl acetate and higher fatty acid vinyl ester copolymer rubber powder (Vac/VeoVa), acrylate and styrene copolymer rubber powder (A/S), vinyl acetate It is used with one or more of acrylic acid ester and higher fatty acid vinyl ester terpolymerized rubber powder to increase the flexibility and bonding strength of the interior wall multifunctional substrate.
  • the water retention agent is hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC), methyl cellulose (MC), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether (HEMC), and one or more of the above-mentioned modified products, for increasing the open time in the tank after adding water to the multifunctional substrate for interior walls, After the wall is installed, the drying speed becomes slower, and the viscosity increases at the same time, which makes the workability better.
  • HPMC hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether
  • MC methyl cellulose
  • HEC hydroxyethyl cellulose
  • HPC hydroxypropyl cellulose
  • CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
  • HEMC hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether
  • the retarder is one or more of citric acid, sodium citrate, tartaric acid, potassium tartrate, acrylic acid, sodium acrylate, sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium polyphosphate and protein retarders. Slow down the drying speed of the multifunctional substrate of the interior wall after adding water and stirring, increase the opening time and prolong the construction time.
  • the hydrophobic agent is one or more of silicone hydrophobic glue powder or silane-based additives, and is used to improve the water absorption of the system and increase the water resistance.
  • the fibers are one or more of wood fibers, PP fibers, rock wool fibers, glass fibers, metal fibers, carbon fibers, and ceramic fibers.
  • the inorganic cementitious material is gypsum.
  • the inorganic cementitious material is a mixture of cement and gypsum.
  • the inorganic cementitious material is a mixture of cement and gypsum in the following mass ratio: 1:1-1:2.
  • the cement is one or more of Portland cement, ordinary Portland cement, slag Portland cement, composite Portland cement, high alumina cement, sulfoaluminate cement, and white Portland cement .
  • the gypsum is one or both of high-strength gypsum ( ⁇ gypsum), plaster of Paris ( ⁇ -type hemihydrate gypsum), and plaster of paris.
  • the filler is one or more of heavy calcium powder, light calcium powder, quartz sand, and vitrified microbeads.
  • inorganic cementitious material 34.8-60; filler: 29.3-60; expanded microspheres: 0.1-5; water retention agent: 0-1; rubber powder: 0-8; Water repellent: 0-1; retarder: 0-0.5; fiber: 0-1.
  • gypsum 10-60; cement: 0-40; calcium powder: 0-29.3; quartz sand: 0-50; vitrified microbeads: 0-20; Ball: 0.1 ⁇ 5; Water Retaining Agent: 0 ⁇ 1; Rubber Powder: 0 ⁇ 8; Hydrophobic Agent: 0 ⁇ 1; Retarder: 0 ⁇ 0.5; Wood Fiber: 0 ⁇ 1; PP Fiber: 0 ⁇ 1.
  • desulfurized gypsum 40; heavy calcium powder: 40.6; vitrified microspheres: 15; expanded microspheres: 0.3; water retention agent: 0.4; rubber powder: 2; early strength agent : 0.6; retarder: 0.5; wood fiber: 0.3; PP fiber: 0.3.
  • a method of manufacturing the interior wall multifunctional base material comprising the steps of:
  • the multifunctional base material for interior walls of the present invention uses gypsum as the base material, and has very good fire resistance and environmental protection performance compared with traditional organic materials, and has a higher coating rate; in terms of thermal insulation performance, the thermal insulation of the present invention Aggregate: Expanded microspheres are thermoplastic macromolecular polymer microspheres with a hollow structure. By adding a large amount of the expanded microspheres with thermal conductivity close to air in the material, excellent thermal insulation performance is achieved; in terms of sound insulation performance, The resilient shell of the expanded microspheres can effectively reduce the transmission of sound, so as to achieve the effect of sound insulation and shock absorption, and at the same time provide shear resistance for the multifunctional substrate of the interior wall.
  • the fibers that can be added in the present invention also have sound absorption and shock absorption properties.
  • resilience performance the resilient shell of the expanded microspheres enables the material of the present invention to play a good role in protection and resilience in certain scenarios, such as when a body part accidentally hits a wall, and Under high-speed stirring, it can ensure that the thermal insulation aggregate shell is not damaged; in terms of light weight, because the density of the expanded microspheres is only 20-40Kg/m 3 , it overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional gypsum material that the specific gravity is too large, making the
  • the invented multifunctional substrate for interior walls has the advantage of being lightweight; in terms of coating rate, since the volume of microspheres accounts for 30%-70% of the volume of the multifunctional substrate for interior walls, the overall coating rate of the material has also been significantly improved ;
  • leveling and anti-cracking performance the particle size of the expanded microspheres is only tens of microns, which can better achieve the optimal gradation with the filler, so as to achieve the effect of leveling
  • the properties such as low thermal conductivity, sound insulation and crack resistance that cannot be achieved by the gypsum-based materials in the prior art can be achieved.
  • the product can solve the problems of water resistance, short opening time and decrease in strength over time of ordinary gypsum-based products.
  • the multifunctional base material for the interior wall of the present invention satisfies the environmental protection performance increasingly required by the government and the public, especially realizes zero emission of formaldehyde.
  • gypsum as a common inorganic material, has low cost, and the use of gypsum as the base material of the present invention greatly reduces the total manufacturing cost, so that the product has outstanding economic performance while having excellent performance.
  • the present invention has at least the following advantages:
  • the present invention has a higher coating rate, and under high-speed stirring, the elastic thermal insulation aggregate will not be damaged, so it is easy to use and will not increase unnecessary construction costs;
  • the present invention has high shear resistance and maintains a very low specific gravity by using a large number of expanded microspheres, and is a high-strength lightweight material;
  • the present invention has good thermal insulation effect at the same time, and has excellent water resistance and fire resistance;
  • the present invention adopts inorganic cementitious material as base material, and compared with traditional organic materials, it satisfies the increasing environmental performance requirements of the government and the public, and especially realizes zero emission of formaldehyde;
  • the present invention can effectively weaken the transmission of sound, and has excellent effect of sound insulation and shock absorption
  • the present invention has excellent leveling and anti-cracking effect
  • the present invention has good resilience, and can effectively protect the human body in the event of accidental impact;
  • the present invention adopts a large number of inorganic materials, and its total production cost is low, and the use of the substrate as the present invention greatly reduces the total production cost
  • the standard bond strength is tested by Shanghai Yihuan Instrument Technology Co., Ltd., YHS-229WJ-20kN universal testing machine
  • the thermal conductivity is tested by the flat plate method in GB10294
  • the flexibility is tested by Tianjin Shengxinda laboratory equipment Co., Ltd. QTB type putty flexibility tester, QKL-II type initial drying anti-cracking tester.
  • the embodiment 1-6 that meets the standard and the comparative product are subjected to a comparative test under exactly the same conditions to detect their basic properties, including: workability, thermal conductivity, combustion grade, standard viscosity. Knot strength, bond strength after water resistance, water resistance, sound insulation index, specific gravity.
  • Example 1 does not contain cement components, so the water resistance of the product will be relatively reduced, but the water resistance of the original pure gypsum system is improved through the intervention of a water repellent.
  • the second embodiment does not contain rubber powder (redispersible latex powder), which only partially affects the bonding strength of the material (reduced to some extent), but can still meet the standard requirements; water absorption has increased.
  • Example 3 In the system of Example 3, no water-retaining agent is added, the product has a shorter opening time in the tank after adding water and stirring, and the drying speed is faster after being installed on the wall, and the workability is deviated, but the main performance of the product is not affected.
  • the optional components are completely added to the system of Example 4, and the product not only meets the standards in various main properties, but also has excellent performance in terms of water resistance, workability, water absorption, and strength.
  • the water retention dosage added in the system of Example 5 is too large, which causes the drying speed of the product to be too slow, and prolongs the construction time of the next process; the viscosity of the product is too large, and the workability is decreased; The amount of disperse latex powder is too high, and the properties such as product bonding strength are increased, but it will have a negative impact on water resistance.
  • the sand content in the system of Example 6 is relatively high, resulting in a high thermal conductivity of the product.
  • the comprehensive comparison table is as follows:
  • Expandable microspheres and pp fibers are added to the multifunctional substrate of the interior wall corresponding to the implementation case, which has excellent shock absorption performance.
  • the thickness of the coating is about 2cm.
  • the experimental data are as follows:
  • the construction technique of the present invention is as follows:
  • the substrate with strong water absorption is preferably back-sealed with an interface agent, and then the multifunctional substrate for the interior wall is scraped.
  • the newly plastered cement wall should be fully maintained before scraping the multi-functional substrate of the interior wall; paint, oil stains, empty shells and floating ash should be removed before the construction of the old wall, and alkali-resistant treatment should be done.
  • the moisture content of the wall should be ⁇ 10% and pH ⁇ 10 before construction. Walls with severe efflorescence and walls with clear water cannot be used directly, and should be treated qualified before use.
  • the second batch Before the second batch, it should be covered with a fiberglass mesh to increase the bond. Cover the inner wall multi-functional substrate and the glass fiber mesh caulking surface of the leveling base for the second time with the inner wall multi-functional substrate.
  • the multi-functional substrate for the interior wall After the construction of the multi-functional substrate for the interior wall is completed, it needs to be used with surface putty. It is recommended to use water-resistant putty for the interior wall. After the construction of the surface putty layer is completed, it is recommended to apply various coatings after 3 to 4 days (the actual interval is different due to the influence of ambient temperature and humidity).

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  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开一种内墙多功能基材及其制备方法，主要以新型已膨胀微球作为保温骨料，应用于内墙时具备保温隔热隔音抗裂特性，同时能使保温基材有较高的涂布率，本发明相较于现有基材的技术，具有良好的保温隔热效果，同时减少了施工次数和施工厚度。本发明在作为保温隔热隔音抗裂基材应用的同时，也具备耐高剪切，轻质，找平，耐水，耐火，轻量化，弹性好和环保的特点。

Description

一种内墙多功能基材及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明属于建筑基材领域，尤其涉及以已膨胀微球为保温骨料的内墙多功能基材及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着人们生活水平的提高，越来越多的人会在有外墙保温的同时选择做内墙保温，但就目前的现有技术来看，常见的内墙保温材料在多种重要性能参数上都有着不可调和的矛盾。目前常见的内墙保温层有：EPS/XPS保温板，聚氨酯泡沫，内墙保温涂料和玻化微珠保温材料等。这些保温材料各有特点，但同时也存在诸多问题。
常见的几种保温层都有明显的缺点：
1.EPS/XPS保温板：优点在于，优异的保温隔热性，耐水性和抗冲击性。缺点在于，本身强度较小，承重能力差；且阻燃性能较差，在燃烧时会释放大量有毒气体；在施工中，对墙体平整度要求很高；施工工序繁琐，需要用粘结剂粘结，再用网格布加固，再加上锚固件等；材料本身易老化收缩，导致出现拼接裂缝，常会出现大面积脱落等现象。
2.聚氨酯泡沫：在应用方面，聚氨酯泡沫受季节和温度影响较大，10℃以下的温度聚氨酯泡沫的发泡率会降低；并且喷涂成型速度快，很难做出平整的喷涂效果，表面凹凸不平。
3.内墙保温涂料：保温隔热性能差，易出现冷凝、结露现象；容易产生裂 缝。
申请号为201110411371.5的专利公开了一种弹性氟碳隔热涂料及其制备方法、使用方法，采用了空心玻璃微珠和空心高分子聚合物，但是其采用氟树脂有机物作为基材，且占最大组份比例，即：55-65。此类有机物基材在实际装修使用过程中会释放大量对人体有毒有害的芳香族化合物，难以满足市场对环保性能日益增长的需求，建筑使用后需要经过长时间等待才能使用，大大增加了装修工期和时间成本；在耐火性能方面，虽然氟碳漆在分解温度以下是安全无毒的，但是一旦发生火灾，就会释放出剧毒的光气和氟烯烃等多种有害气体；并且该种隔热涂料由于大量应用机物组分，成本高昂，在许多需要控制成本的场景中完全无法应用。
申请号为201810165769的专利公开了一种内墙保温隔音腻子膏及其制备方法，采用了纳米级空心微珠和微米级中空可膨胀弹性微珠，并采用了岩棉，成分中含有合成树脂乳液。该技术方案具有明显的缺陷，首先，这些材料本身价格昂贵，很难实现实际生产应用；又如背景技术部分前述，岩棉易吸收过多水分从而容易长时积累导致保温层的比重增加，由于岩棉脱落导致的事故比较常见，考虑到其配方中还用到合成树脂乳液及膨润土浆作为胶凝材料，这两种材料都为亲水材料，决定了成品的耐水性较差，耐水后粘结强度低，更进一步加剧了其使用上的危险性；另外，该现有技术提供的是膏状腻子，在施工中难以一次施工较厚，如要达到保温效果，需要多道施工，增加施工成本和时间成本；并且其中所采用的合成树脂乳液同样会造成甲醛释放，无法满足当下对环保性能的要求。
石膏作为一种无机胶凝剂，天然的优异阻燃性能及环保性是其作为基材的天然优势，但就目前现有技术的石膏基产品而言，根据市场对产品的反馈以及对石膏的特性的了解，常规的石膏基产品基本是以找平打底为主，无法起到有效的保温隔热、隔音的效果，且比重一般在1200-1400kg/m 3，并不是轻质产品。而且，常规石膏基产品耐水性很差，遇水易松化、起泡，长期遇水、遇潮易脱落、粉化，易发霉。初期粘结力强，产品强度瞬间提高，但粘结力会随着时间的推移下降，强度也降低。
现有技术的保温建筑基材各有缺陷，并且在成本、使用安全性、隔音性能、耐水性能、耐火性能、保温隔热性能、涂布率、强度、比重这几个方面有着不可调和的矛盾。
有鉴于此，设计一种有较高的涂布率，同时具备保温隔热效果好，耐高剪切，轻质，找平，耐水，耐火，隔音和环保特点的内墙多功能基材，是本领域技术人员有待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
为了克服上述缺陷，本发明提供一种内墙多功能基材。
本发明的内墙多功能基材具体通过以下方式实现。
一种内墙多功能基材，包含以下基本组分：包含石膏组分的无机胶凝材料、填料、已膨胀微球。
更进一步地，还包括助剂。
更进一步地，还包括纤维，用于增加外墙多功能基材的抗开裂性和柔韧性。
更进一步地，已膨胀微球具有中空结构。
更进一步地，已膨胀微球为热塑性空心聚合物微球。
更进一步地，已膨胀微球粒径小于300微米。
更进一步地，助剂为保水剂、胶粉、憎水剂、缓凝剂中的一种或多种。
更进一步地，胶粉为醋酸乙烯酯与乙烯共聚胶(Vac/E)、乙烯与氯乙烯及月硅酸乙烯酯三元共聚胶粉(E/Vc/VL)、醋酸乙烯酯与乙烯及高级脂肪酸乙烯酯三元共聚胶粉(Vac/E/VeoVa)、醋酸乙烯酯与高级脂肪酸乙烯酯共聚胶粉(Vac/VeoVa)、丙烯酸酯与苯乙烯共聚胶粉(A/S)、醋酸乙烯酯与丙烯酸酯及高级脂肪酸乙烯酯三元共聚胶粉中的一种或多种，用于增加内墙多功能基材的柔韧性、粘结强度。
更进一步地，保水剂为羟丙基甲基纤维素醚(HPMC)、甲基纤维素(MC)、羟乙基纤维素(HEC)、羟丙基纤维素(HPC)、羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、羟乙基甲基纤维素醚(HEMC)，以及上述的改性产品中的一种或多种，用于使内墙多功能基材加水搅拌后在罐内的开放时间增长，上墙后干燥速度变慢，同时增加粘度，使得施工性更佳。
更进一步地，缓凝剂为柠檬酸、柠檬酸钠、酒石酸、酒石酸钾、丙烯酸、丙烯酸钠、六偏磷酸钠、多聚磷酸钠及蛋白质类缓凝剂中的一种或多种，用于减缓内墙多功能基材加水搅拌后的干燥速度，增加开放时间，延长施工时间。
更进一步地，憎水剂为有机硅憎水胶粉或硅烷基添加剂中的一种或多种，用于改善体系的吸水量，增加耐水性。
更进一步地，纤维为木质纤维、PP纤维、岩棉纤维、玻璃纤维、金属纤维、 碳纤维、陶瓷纤维中的一种或多种。
更进一步地，无机胶凝材料为石膏。
更进一步地，无机胶凝材料为水泥与石膏的混合物。
更进一步地，无机胶凝材料为水泥与石膏以如下质量比配比的混合物：1:1～1:2。
更进一步地，水泥为硅酸盐水泥、普通硅酸盐水泥、矿渣硅酸盐水泥、复合硅酸盐水泥、高铝水泥、硫铝酸盐水泥、白色硅酸盐水泥的一种或多种。
更进一步地，石膏为高强石膏(α石膏)、建筑石膏(β型半水石膏)、熟石膏的一种或两种。
更进一步地，填料为重钙粉、轻钙粉、石英砂、玻化微珠中的一种或多种。
更进一步地，包括以下组分及质量比：无机胶凝材料：34.8～60；填料：29.3～60；已膨胀微球：0.1～5；保水剂：0～1；胶粉：0～8；憎水剂：0～1；缓凝剂：0～0.5；纤维：0～1。
更进一步地，包括以下组分及质量比：石膏：10～60；水泥：0～40；钙粉：0～29.3；石英砂：0～50；玻化微珠：0～20；已膨胀微球：0.1～5；保水剂：0～1；胶粉：0～8；憎水剂：0～1；缓凝剂：0～0.5；木质纤维：0～1；PP纤维：0～1。
更进一步地，包括以下组分及质量比：脱硫石膏：40；重钙粉：40.6；玻化微珠：15；已膨胀微球：0.3；保水剂：0.4；胶粉：2；早强剂：0.6；缓凝剂：0.5；木质纤维：0.3；PP纤维：0.3。
一种制造所述内墙多功能基材的方法，包括以下步骤：
1.将组分比例为34.8～60的无机胶凝材料投入开启的混合机；
2.将组份比例如下的助剂投加到混合机：保水剂：0～1；胶粉：0～8；憎水剂：0～1；缓凝剂：0～0.5；纤维：0～1；
3.将组份比例为0.1～5的已膨胀微球投加到混合机；
4.将组份比例为29.3～60的填料投加到混合机；
5.搅拌充分后得到内墙多功能基材。
本发明的内墙多功能基材采用了石膏作为基材，与传统的有机材料相比，具备非常优良的耐火和环保性能，且具有较高的涂布率；保温性能方面，本发明的保温骨料：已膨胀微球是具有中空结构的热塑性高分子聚合物微球，通过在材料中大量添加导热系数与空气接近的所述已膨胀微球，实现了优异的保温性能；隔音性能方面，已膨胀微球的回弹性壳体能有效减弱声音的传播，以达到隔音减震的效果，同时为内墙多功能基材提供了耐剪切性能，本发明中可加入的纤维也具有吸音减震的效果；回弹性能方面，已膨胀微球的回弹性壳体使得本发明的材料在某些场景，例如身体部位不小心撞向墙体时，能够起到很好的保护回弹作用，并且在高速搅拌下，能确保保温骨料壳体不被破坏；轻量化方面，由于已膨胀微球的密度仅有20-40Kg/m 3，因而克服了传统石膏材料比重过大的缺点，使得本发明的内墙多功能基材具备了轻量化的优势；涂布率方面，由于微球体积占内墙多功能基材体积的30％-70％，材料整体的涂布率也得到了显著提高；找平抗裂性能方面，已膨胀微球粒径仅有几十微米，其与填料能够更好的达到最优级配，从而达到找平抗裂的效果；
可见，将已膨胀微球用在该产品中，可以达到现有技术的石膏基材料无法 达到的低导热系数、隔音、抗裂等性能。同时该产品通过水泥、石膏及其他材料的复配，可以解决普通石膏基产品的不耐水、开放时间短、强度随时间推移下降等问题。
同时，本发明的内墙多功能基材满足了政府和大众日益要求的环保性能，尤其实现甲醛0排放。并且石膏作为一种常见的无机材料，其成本低廉，用作本发明的基材极大地降低了总的制造成本，使产品在具备优异性能的同时，具备突出的经济性。
与现有技术相比，本发明至少具有以下优点：
第一、本发明有较高的涂布率，并且在高速搅拌下，弹性保温骨料不会被破坏，因而易于使用，不会增加不必要的施工成本；
第二、本发明具备耐高剪切性能的同时通过采用大量的已膨胀微球保持了非常低的比重，是一种高强度的轻质材料；
第三、本发明同时保温隔热效果好，且具备优良耐水和耐火性能；
第四、本发明采用无机胶凝材料作为基材，与传统的有机材料相比，满足了政府和大众日益提高的环保性能要求，尤其实现甲醛0排放；
第五、本发明能够有效减弱声音的传播，具备优良的隔音减震的效果；
第六、本发明具有优良的找平抗裂的效果；
第七、本发明回弹性能好，能够在意外撞击时，有效保护人体；
第八、本发明大量采用无机材料，其总的生产成本低廉，用作本发明的基材极大地降低了总的制造成本
具体实施方式
下面结合附图详细说明本发明的具体实施例。然而，应当将本发明理解成并不局限于以下描述的这种实施方式，并且本发明的技术理念可以与其他公知技术或功能与那些公知技术相同的其他技术组合实施。
以下实施例中，标准粘结强度采用上海益环仪器科技有限公司，YHS-229WJ-20kN型万能试验机进行测试，导热系数采用GB10294中的平板法检测，柔韧性采用天津聖鑫达实验室设备有限公司的QTB型腻子柔韧性测定仪测定、QKL-Ⅱ型初期干燥抗开裂试验仪。
实施例中的内墙多功能基材的制备方法如下：
1.开启干粉混合机
2.先将称量好的无机胶凝材料投加到混合机中
3.再将所有的助剂(保水剂、胶粉、缓凝剂、憎水剂、纤维)称量好投加到混合机中
4.将称量好的保温材料已膨胀微球投加到混合机中
5.最后将称量好的填料加入到混合机中搅拌30min
6.取样检测
7.样品干粉状态和加水搅拌后状态跟标样相同即完成生产，放料包装。
将符合标准的实施例1-6和对比产品(市售轻质抹灰石膏砂浆)在完全相同的条件下做对比试验，检测其基本性能，包括：施工性、导热系数、燃烧等级、标准粘结强度、耐水后粘结强度、耐水性、隔音指数、比重。
Figure PCTCN2020101701-appb-000001
实施例一体系中不含水泥成分，因此产品的耐水性会相对降低，但是通过憎水剂的介入，改善了原纯石膏体系不耐水的特性。
实施例二体系中不含胶粉(可再分散乳胶粉)，仅对材料粘结强度产生部分影响(有所下降)，但是仍然可以满足标准要求；同时，体系中不含憎水剂，产品的吸水量有所上升。
实施例三体系中，未添加保水剂，产品加水搅拌后在罐内的开放时间较短，上墙后干燥速度较快，施工性偏差，但是不影响产品主要性能。
实施例四体系中完整地添加可选的各组分，产品不仅在各个主要性能上符合标准，且在耐水性、施工性、吸水性、强度方面都有优秀的表现。
实施例五体系中加入的保水剂量偏大，导致产品干燥速度过慢，对下道工 序施工时间有所延长；产品粘度偏大，施工性有所下降；同时体系中加入的胶粉(可再分散乳胶粉)量偏高，产品粘结强度等性能有所升高，但是对耐水性会有负面影响。
实施例六体系中砂含量较高，导致产品导热系数偏高。
需要强调的是，各实施例在组分选用及配比上虽然有所不同，在性能方面有所侧重，但是所有配方的材料性能均符合国家标准或地方标准。即GB20473-2006《建筑保温砂浆》、DGTJ08-2088-2018《上海保温地标》。
综合对比表如下：
Figure PCTCN2020101701-appb-000002
实施案例对应的内墙多功能基材中添加可膨胀微球和pp纤维，减震性能优异，在计权规范化撞击声压为Ln，w＝78dB的钢筋混凝土楼板上，涂上厚度约2cm厚度的内墙多功能基材粉，对该实验楼板进行撞击声隔检测并与计权规范化撞击声压为Ln，w＝78dB的基准楼板进行比较，实验数据如下：
Figure PCTCN2020101701-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2020101701-appb-000004
上表检测依据为GB/T 50121-2005《建筑隔声评价标准》和GB/T19889.8-2006/ISO 140-8；1997《声学建筑和建筑构件隔声测量第8部分：重质标准楼板覆面层撞击声改善的实验室测量》，可以看出，以已膨胀微球作为轻集料、保温材料的内墙多功能材料，在不影响其阻燃等级的情况下，标准粘结强度更高，导热系数更低，隔音效果好，比重更小，具备轻量化，憎水性和隔音减震等优异的性能，并且通过配方调整，该产品具有更好的耐水性和耐水后粘结强度。
本发明的施工工艺如下：
表面预处理：施工前，确保底层干燥、坚实，无明水。基层强度应大于或接近于内墙多功能基材强度。
吸水性强的基底优选使用界面剂进行封底处理后再涂刮内墙多功能基材。新抹灰的水泥墙应经充分养护后再批刮内墙多功能基材；旧墙施工前应清除涂料、油污、空壳、浮灰，且做好抗碱处理，墙体含水率应<10％且pH＜10时方 可施工。泛碱严重的墙体和有明水的墙体不可直接使用，应处理合格后才能使用。
施工：可采用钢制批刀、刮板进行施工，亦可机械喷涂施工。产品需和清水拌和均匀使用，通常按质量比在10份内墙多功能基材粉料中加入5.0～5.5份水份(稠度以适合施工为宜)。采用电动搅拌机搅拌均匀后，再静止5～15min，然后再略微搅拌，效果更佳。根据施工设计，批刮厚度超过1.5cm时，通常批刮2道，第一道内墙多功能基材批刮用于找平基层，第二道内墙多功能基材批刮用于压实抹光。两道间隔一般2H。第二道批刮前，应使用玻璃纤维网覆盖以增加结合力。对找平基层的内墙多功能基材及玻璃纤维网嵌缝面进行第二次的内墙多功能基材覆盖。内墙多功能基材施工完成后，需配套面腻子使用，建议使用内墙耐水腻子。面腻子层施工完成后，建议3～4天后涂刷各种涂料(实际间隔时间受环境温湿度的影响而不同)。
本说明书中所述的只是本发明的较佳具体实施例，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对本发明的限制。凡本领域技术人员依本发明的构思通过逻辑分析、推理或者有限的实验可以得到的技术方案，皆应在本发明的范围之内。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种内墙多功能基材，其特征在于，包含以下基本组分：包含石膏组分的无机胶凝材料、填料、已膨胀微球。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的内墙多功能基材，其特征在于，还包括助剂。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的内墙多功能基材，其特征在于，还包括纤维。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的内墙多功能基材，其特征在于，所述已膨胀微球为中空结构。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的内墙多功能基材，其特征在于，所述已膨胀微球为热塑性高分子聚合物微球。
  6. 根据权利要求1、2或5所述的内墙多功能基材，其特征在于，所述已膨胀微球的粒径小于300微米。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的内墙多功能基材，其特征在于，所述助剂为保水剂、胶粉、憎水剂、缓凝剂中的一种或多种。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的内墙多功能基材，其特征在于，所述胶粉为醋酸乙烯酯与乙烯共聚胶(Vac/E)、乙烯与氯乙烯及月硅酸乙烯酯三元共聚胶粉(E/Vc/VL)、醋酸乙烯酯与乙烯及高级脂肪酸乙烯酯三元共聚胶粉(Vac/E/VeoVa)、醋酸乙烯酯与高级脂肪酸乙烯酯共聚胶粉(Vac/VeoVa)、丙烯酸酯与苯乙烯共聚胶粉(A/S)、醋酸乙烯酯与丙烯酸酯及高级脂肪酸乙烯酯三元共聚胶粉中的一种或多种。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的内墙多功能基材，其特征在于，所述保水剂选自以下物质及其改性产品中的一种或多种：羟丙基甲基纤维素醚(HPMC)、甲基纤维素(MC)、羟乙基纤维素(HEC)、羟丙基纤维素(HPC)、 羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、羟乙基甲基纤维素醚(HEMC)。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的内墙多功能基材，其特征在于，所述缓凝剂为柠檬酸、柠檬酸钠、酒石酸、酒石酸钾、丙烯酸、丙烯酸钠、六偏磷酸钠、多聚磷酸钠及蛋白质类缓凝剂中的一种或多种。
  11. 根据权利要求3所述的内墙多功能基材，其特征在于，所述纤维为木质纤维、PP纤维、岩棉纤维、玻璃纤维、金属纤维、碳纤维、陶瓷纤维中的一种或多种。
  12. 根据权利要求1至2、7至10中任一项所述的内墙多功能基材，其特征在于，所述无机胶凝材料为石膏。
  13. 根据权利要求1至2、7至10中任一项所述的内墙多功能基材，其特征在于，所述无机胶凝材料为水泥与石膏的组合物。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的内墙多功能基材，其特征在于，所述无机胶凝材料中水泥与石膏的质量比为：1:1～1:2。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的内墙多功能基材，其特征在于，所述水泥为硅酸盐水泥、普通硅酸盐水泥、矿渣硅酸盐水泥、复合硅酸盐水泥、高铝水泥、硫铝酸盐水泥、白色硅酸盐水泥的一种或多种。
  16. 根据权利要求12所述的内墙多功能基材，其特征在于，所述石膏为高强石膏(α石膏)、建筑石膏(β型半水石膏)、熟石膏的一种或两种。
  17. 根据权利要求13所述的内墙多功能基材，其特征在于，所述石膏为高强石膏(α石膏)、建筑石膏(β型半水石膏)、熟石膏的一种或两种。
  18. 根据权利要求1至2、7至10中任一项所述的内墙多功能基材，其特征在 于，所述填料为重钙粉、轻钙粉、石英砂、玻化微珠中的一种或多种。
  19. 根据权利要求1至18中任一项所述的内墙多功能基材，其特征在于，包括以下组分及质量比：
    无机胶凝材料：34.8～60；
    填料：29.3～60；
    已膨胀微球：0.1～5；
    保水剂：0～1；
    胶粉：0～8；
    憎水剂：0～1；
    缓凝剂：0～0.5；
    纤维：0～1。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的内墙多功能基材，其特征在于，包括以下组分及质量比：
    石膏：10～60；
    水泥：0～40
    重钙：0～29.3；
    石英砂：0～50；
    玻化微珠：0～20；
    已膨胀微球：0.1～5；
    保水剂：0～1；
    胶粉：0～8；
    憎水剂：0～1；
    缓凝剂：0～0.5；
    木质纤维：0～1；
    PP纤维：0～1。
  21. 一种制造权利要求1至20中任一项所述的内墙多功能基材的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    将组份比例为34.8～60的无机胶凝材料投入开启的混合机；
    将组份比例如下的助剂投加到混合机：保水剂：0～1；胶粉：0～8；憎水剂：0～1；缓凝剂：0～0.5；纤维：0～1；
    将组份比例为0.1～5的已膨胀微球投加到混合机；
    将组份比例为29.3～60的填料投加到混合机；
    搅拌充分后得到内墙多功能基材。
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