Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
  • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
  • E01B27/00—Placing, renewing, working, cleaning, or taking-up the ballast, with or without concurrent work on the track; Devices therefor; Packing sleepers
  • E01B27/12—Packing sleepers, with or without concurrent work on the track; Compacting track-carrying ballast
  • E01B27/13—Packing sleepers, with or without concurrent work on the track
  • E01B27/16—Sleeper-tamping machines
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
  • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
  • E01B27/00—Placing, renewing, working, cleaning, or taking-up the ballast, with or without concurrent work on the track; Devices therefor; Packing sleepers
  • E01B27/12—Packing sleepers, with or without concurrent work on the track; Compacting track-carrying ballast
  • E01B27/13—Packing sleepers, with or without concurrent work on the track
  • E01B27/16—Sleeper-tamping machines
  • E01B27/17—Sleeper-tamping machines combined with means for lifting, levelling or slewing the track
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
  • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
  • E01B2203/00—Devices for working the railway-superstructure
  • E01B2203/12—Tamping devices
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
  • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
  • E01B2203/00—Devices for working the railway-superstructure
  • E01B2203/12—Tamping devices
  • E01B2203/122—Tamping devices for straight track

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for tamping several sleepers of a track stored one behind the other in a ballast bed by means of a tamping unit which comprises several tamping units which are arranged one behind the other in one working direction and are independently height-adjustable with tamping tines that can be provided with one another.
• the invention also relates to a machine for carrying out the method.
• tracks with ballast bedding are regularly processed by means of a tamping machine.
• the tamping machine drives along the track and uses a lifting / straightening unit to raise the track grid, which is made up of sleepers and rails, to a target level.
• the new track position is fixed by tamping under the sleepers using a tamping unit.
• the tamping unit comprises tamping tools with tamping tines which, when subjected to a tamping process, dip into the ballast bed and are placed next to each other. The ballast is pushed under the respective sleeper and compacted.
• stretch tamping machines use tamping units for tamping several sleepers at the same time.
• the high processing speed achieved in this way enables a track to be worked through in short breaks.
• Modern tamping machines are also characterized by low wear effects on both the tamping unit and the ballast.
• AT 513034 A1 discloses a method and a generic one
• Machine with at least two tamping units arranged one behind the other is known.
• Each tamping unit is arranged in a height-adjustable manner in a common assembly carrier.
• a darning cycle begins with the common Lowering the tamping units.
• This joint lowering of adjacent tamping units for tamping under sleepers that are adjacent in the longitudinal direction of the machine takes place with a time delay. In this way, in particular, the immersion of immediately adjacent tampons, which immerse into a common threshold compartment, is facilitated.
• the invention is based on the object of improving a method of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that high-quality tamping results are achieved in particular with large uplifts of the track and with new layers. Another object of the invention is to provide a correspondingly improved machine.
• the ballast load is reduced because a different ballast package is dynamically pressed with each tamping cycle. Hollow layers are prevented, especially when the track is lifted a great deal. Since only one tamping pass is required even with larger lift values, time is saved by eliminating the need for backward travel and repeated ramps for separate tamping passes. [09] With more than two tamping units arranged one behind the other, approximately evenly graduated immersion depths are advantageously specified. In addition, it is advantageous if the tamping tines of the respective front tamping unit are lowered into the ballast bed to a greater immersion depth than the tamping tines of the tamping unit arranged behind it.
• the sleepers and the rails of the track attached to them are raised by means of a lifting unit before tamping, the respective immersion depth being specified as a function of a lifting value.
• a changed lifting value leads to a different graduation of the diving depths in order to achieve an optimized compaction of the ballast bed.
• each of the tamping units arranged one behind the other is operated with its own vibration parameters for applying vibrations to the tamping tines and / or with its own set-up parameters for an ordering movement of the tamping tines.
• a separate vibration frequency, vibration amplitude and provision time can be specified for each tamping unit.
• the tamping tines of each of the tamping units arranged one behind the other are thus made to vibrate in their own way and placed in relation to one another. This means that consideration is given to the different ballast properties in the individual bedding layers and the different counter-forces of the pimples due to the different immersion depths.
• At least two sleepers positioned one behind the other are tamped under two layers of the gravel bed of different depths by lowering the tamping tines of a rear tamping unit to a first immersion depth and by lowering the tamping tines of a front tamping unit to a second immersion depth.
• tamping units arranged one behind the other form a lowering group, which are lowered to a common immersion depth.
• the ballast layers under several sleepers are compacted simultaneously in the same depth zone of the ballast bed.
• two lowering groups are provided, each with two tamping units arranged one behind the other. Then a tamping takes place in two depth zones, with the tamping unit being moved forward by two thresholds after each tamping cycle.
• the tamping unit is moved forward by one sleeper pitch after each tamping cycle by means of a travel drive. In this way, the ballast bed is tamped under each sleeper by each of the tamping units arranged one behind the other in successive steps.
• a machine comprises a tamping unit for the simultaneous tamping of several sleepers of a track positioned one behind the other by means of several tamping units arranged one behind the other in relation to a machine longitudinal direction, each tamping unit comprising a tool carrier which is height-adjustable by means of a height adjustment drive and on which opposing tamping tools are stored Drives can be made to vibrate and can be ordered in relation to one another.
• the machine is set up to carry out one of the described methods in such a way that all height adjustment drives are connected to a common control device and that different lowering values are stored in the control device for the height adjustment drives of the tamping units arranged one behind the other.
• the dipping processes of the tamping units arranged one behind the other are thus coordinated with one another by means of the control device.
• Each height adjustment drive is advantageously coupled to a displacement measuring device which is connected to the control device.
• Each distance measuring device supplies a distance measuring signal for the height of an assigned tool carrier, whereby the lowering to a specified immersion depth can be regulated.
• the different lowering values are stored in the form of graduated activation periods for the height adjustment drives.
• the flow rates of a hydraulic fluid can also be used as a measure of the lowering of the associated tool carrier.
• a further improvement provides that a vibration drive is assigned to each tamping unit and that tamping tools lying opposite are each coupled to the assigned vibration drive via auxiliary drives.
• each vibration drive can be controlled separately, so that each tamping unit can be operated with its own vibration frequency and vibration amplitude.
• each of the tamping units arranged one behind the other to act on the auxiliary drives has its own Pressure stage of a hydraulic pressure system is assigned. In this way, the provision process for each tamping unit can be adapted to the processed depth zone of the ballast bed.
• tamping tools arranged next to one another, together with the associated auxiliary drives, form an auxiliary group transversely to the longitudinal direction of the machine, wherein the respective auxiliary group can be controlled uniformly by means of the control device.
• the tamping units arranged next to one another which tamp a sleeper on both sides of the two rails of the track.
• the additional groups are controlled jointly in order to ensure an even compression process along a threshold.
• a lifting unit is arranged upstream of the tamping unit, a lifting value predetermined for the lifting unit being fed to the control device of the tamping unit.
• the lowering values can be adapted to the currently specified lifting value.
• Fig. 1 machine with tamping unit
• Fig. 2 tamping unit for the simultaneous tamping of three sleepers in a side view
• FIG. 6 stuffing process with stuffing zone progression according to the prior art
• FIG. 7 stuffing process with stuffing zones of different depth Description of the embodiments
• the machine 1 shown in FIG. 1 is designed as a track tamping machine for the simultaneous tamping of three sleepers 4 stored in a ballast bed 2 of a track 3.
• the machine 1 comprises a machine frame 6 which is supported on rail bogies 5 and on which a tamping unit 7 is fastened.
• the machine 1 comprises a lifting / straightening unit 8 for lifting and straightening the track grid formed from sleepers 4 and rails 9. A current rail position is recorded with a measuring system 10.
• the tamping unit 7 is fastened to the machine frame 6 by means of an adjusting device 11. It comprises an assembly frame 12 with guides 13 and several tamping units 14, as shown in FIG. 2. In a variant not shown, each tamping unit 14 is assigned its own unit frame 12. Each tamping unit 14 comprises a tool carrier 15 which is mounted on the associated guides 13 in a height-adjustable manner by means of a height adjusting drive 16. On the respective tool carrier 15, opposing tamping tools 18 are pivotably mounted in a machine longitudinal direction 17.
• a vibration drive 19 is arranged on the respective tool carrier 15, with which the tamping tools 17 are coupled via auxiliary drives 20.
• a hydraulic cylinder is arranged between the tool carrier 15 and the respective tamping tool 17, which is set up both as a vibration drive 19 and as an auxiliary drive 20.
• a pulsating hydraulic pressure is applied to the hydraulic cylinder to generate vibrations. During a setting process, the pulsating hydraulic pressure is superimposed on the setting pressure generated by the hydraulic cylinder.
• Each tamping tool 18 comprises a pivot lever 21 with an upper and a lower lever arm.
• the pivot lever 21 is mounted on the associated tool carrier 15, the upper lever arm being connected to the associated auxiliary drive 20.
• Two tamping tines 22 are usually attached to the free lower lever arm.
• the height adjustment drives 16 can be controlled by means of a common control device 23, with different lowering values for the individual tamping units 14 being stored in the control device 23.
• each height adjustment drive 16 is assigned a displacement measuring device 24. This includes, for example, a rope with a pull-wire sensor.
• position detection is integrated in the height adjustment drive 16, for example as a path measurement of a piston in a hydraulic cylinder.
• the height adjustment drives 16 are controlled by means of the control device 23 on the basis of the different lowering values.
• the respective lowering value indicates how long a control valve of the height adjustment drive 16, which is designed as a hydraulic cylinder, is opened.
• a piston travel of the corresponding hydraulic cylinder or a distance to be achieved between the tool carrier 15 and the machine frame 6 can also be defined as a lowering value.
• control device 23 makes sense to set up a control loop for the respective specified lowering value.
• the control device 23 generates a control signal for the respective height adjustment drive 16.
• the resulting position of the tool carrier 15 or the tamping pick 22 is continuously recorded by means of the displacement measuring device 24 and compared with the predetermined lowering value.
• the resistance of the tamping tines 22 when it hits the ballast bed 2 is recorded.
• the respective stuffing unit 14 is equipped with a corresponding sensor system.
• an acceleration sensor is arranged on each tamping tool 18.
• the lowering path that the respective tamping ax 22 covers from the point of impact on the ballast bed 2 is derived from the detected acceleration. This results directly in the corresponding immersion depth T 1, T2, T 3 , based on a common height reference R.
• the height reference R for example, the height of the individual tamping units 14 in the raised position.
• the tamping unit 7 is positioned over the sleepers 4 to be tamped. Specifically, the tampons 22 are brought into position over the sleeper compartments located between the sleepers 4.
• the tool carriers 15 with the tamping tools 18 located thereon are lowered.
• the tamping tines 22, which are set in vibration, plunge into the ballast bed 2.
• the tamping units 14 arranged one behind the other are given staggered lowering values so that the associated tamping tine ends reach different diving depths T 1, T2, T 3, as shown in FIG. 3.
• the tamping tines 22 of the opposite tamping tools 18 are placed in relation to one another.
• different depth zones Zi, Z 2 , Z3 of the ballast bed 2 are compressed.
• the extent of the respective depth zone Zi, Z 2 , Z 3 depends on the dimensions of the tine plates arranged at the tamping tine ends.
• the kinetic energy of the tamping tools 18 is transferred to the ballast grains located in the respective depth zone Zi, Z 2 , Z 3 .
• the gravel grains start to vibrate and assume a fluid-like state. The result is a denser packing and a shift of the ballast grains under the respective sleeper 4.
• the resulting depth zones Zi, Z2, Z 3 are defined in such a way that the lowest depth zone Z 3 reaches a lower limit of a loose bedding layer.
• the height of the loose bedding layer depends on the condition of the track (new location, old location), the amount of new ballast and the elevation of the track grid.
• the smallest immersion depth Ti is chosen so that the uppermost depth zone Z1 extends below the assigned threshold.
• the tamping tines 22 are reset by means of the auxiliary drives 20 and pulled out of the ballast bed 2 by lifting the tool carriers 15. As soon as the tamper 22 over the The upper edge of the sleeper is raised, the tamping unit 7 is moved forward in a working direction 25 and a new tamping cycle begins.
• Fig. 3 three sequentially performed tamping cycles are shown at the end of the third phase.
• three thresholds 4 are stuffed one behind the other in different depth zones Zi, Z2, Z3 shown hatched.
• the front tamping unit 14 is lowered the deepest and processes the lowermost depth zone Z3.
• the middle tamping unit 14 processes the middle depth zone Z2 and the rear tamping unit 14 processes the uppermost depth zone Zi, which is located directly below the threshold 4.
• the tamping unit 7 is moved further by a threshold pitch t in the working direction 25.
• the middle tamping unit 14 tampers the sleeper 4 previously tamped by the front tamping unit 14.
• the ballast bed 2 under this sleeper 4 is now worked in the middle depth zone Z2 after processing in the lowest depth zone Z 3.
• the corresponding threshold 4 is already tamped in the third, uppermost depth zone Z1.
• a compression area V which is formed from the three superimposed depth zones Z 1 -Z3, is located below all thresholds 4 that are already completely stuffed.
• the respective compression area V thus results from the predetermined different immersion depths T 1 -T 3 , which result from lowering values for the individual tamping units 14 stored in the control device 23.
• each rail 9 of the track 3 is assigned two separately lowerable tamping units 14.
• the tamping unit 7 thus comprises four tamping units 14 arranged next to one another in each row. For tamping under a sleeper 4, the tamping units 14 arranged in a row next to one another are provided. These tamping units 14 form additional groups, their Tamping pick 22 lowered to a common diving depth T 1 , T 2 , T 3 and provided together.
• FIG. 5 shows a tamping process with four tamping units 14 arranged one behind the other.
• Two front tamping units 14 or rows are combined to form a front lowering group 26 and two rear tamping units 14 or rows are combined to form a rear lowering group 26.
• Both lowering groups 26 are lowered to different tamping depths T 1, T2 during a tamping cycle.
• the front lowering group 26 processes the ballast bed 2 in a lower depth zone Z2.
• the upper depth zone Z1 located directly below the thresholds 4 is processed by the rear lowering group 26.
• the tamping unit is moved forward by two threshold divisions t.
• the number of sleepers 4 by which the tamping unit 7 is moved further in the working direction 25 is therefore less than the number of tamping units 14 arranged one behind the other will.
• the machine control 28 is advantageously coupled to the control device 23 in order to automatically coordinate the lifting and lowering movements of the tamping units 14 and the forward movement of the tamping unit 7 with one another.
• the rear lowering group 26 finalizes the compression in the compression areas V below the corresponding thresholds 4.
• the front lowering group 26 begins the tamping of two further thresholds 4 in the lower depth zone T2. This method combines the zone-wise tamping with an increased processing speed as a result of the cyclical forward movement by twice the threshold division t.
• the different immersion depths T1-T3 are specified as a function of a lift value.
• the lifting value for controlling the lifting / straightening unit 8 is also fed to the control device 23 of the tamping unit 7.
• a current actual lift value is recorded by means of the measuring system 10 and reported to the control device 23.
• greater gradations are selected for the immersion depths T1-T3 at higher lift values in order to enlarge the compression area V in the vertical direction.
• the formation of lowering groups 26 depending on the specified lifting value is useful.
• the lift value is used to decide which of the two methods described above is to be carried out by means of the tamping unit 7 for the simultaneous tamping of four sleepers 4. Either two immersion depths T 1, T2 for two lowering groups 26 or four more finely graduated immersion depths are specified.
• FIG. 1 A conventional tamping process with a tamping unit for the simultaneous tamping of three sleepers 4 is shown in FIG.
• all tamping tines 22 are lowered to a common diving depth T and placed in a depth zone. Then the tamping unit 7 is moved forward by three threshold pitches t. Thus, after being worked through, all thresholds 4 are only stuffed once.
• a so-called multiple tamping is also known, in which the tamping tines 22 are lowered twice or more into the same sleeper compartments and placed there before the journey to the next sleepers 4 takes place. In this method, too, the tamping tines 22 always act in the same depth zone without affecting the size of the compression area V.
• FIG. 7 shows a method according to the invention.
• Each threshold 4 is tamped one after the other in three different depth zones Z1-Z3.
• the threshold 4 under the foremost tamping unit 14 is initially tamped in the deepest zone Z3.
• Two threshold divisions t against the working direction 25, the final compression takes place below the corresponding threshold 4.
• the height of the compression area V is significantly greater than in a conventional method.
• the uniform course of compaction results in a particularly homogeneous and stable ballast bed 2 and a sustainable track position.
• each tamping unit 14 is advantageously operated with its own vibration and additional parameters.
• a deeper bedding layer is subjected to greater vibration energy because the risk of the ballast moving sideways is less.
• a higher additional pressure can be useful because there is a higher counterpressure in the deeper layer.
• the compression processes taking place over several thresholds 4 in different depth zones T1-T3 are coordinated with one another. The method according to the invention thus brings about a uniform build-up of compaction of the ballast bed 2 both in the vertical direction and in the working direction 25.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)

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Citations (3)

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• 2020
  • 2020-07-03 AT ATA50568/2020A patent/AT524006A1/de unknown
• 2021
  • 2021-06-02 JP JP2022581490A patent/JP2023531809A/ja active Pending
  • 2021-06-02 EP EP21731090.3A patent/EP4176133A1/de active Pending
  • 2021-06-02 WO PCT/EP2021/064810 patent/WO2022002522A1/de active Application Filing

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