WO2021248638A1

WO2021248638A1 - System for online real-time monitoring of metal additive manufacturing by multiple monitoring devices

Info

Publication number: WO2021248638A1
Application number: PCT/CN2020/103166
Authority: WO
Inventors: 刘胜; 李辉; 米纪千; 胡平; 张国庆; 张臣; 申胜男
Original assignee: 武汉大学
Priority date: 2020-06-08
Filing date: 2020-07-21
Publication date: 2021-12-16
Also published as: CN111795977A

Abstract

A system for online real-time monitoring of metal additive manufacturing by multiple monitoring devices. The system comprises: a high-speed camera inspection module (6), which measures the three-dimensional contour precision of an additive manufacturing part and detects the contour of a molten pool; a visible spectrometer inspection module (3), which measures the deflection angle of laser; an infrared thermal imager inspection module (5), which measures the temperature of the molten pool; an approaching visible hyperspectral camera inspection module (7), which detects spatial information and spectral information of the molten pool and sputtering; an interference imaging spectrometer inspection module (4), which acquires a two-dimensional space image and one-dimensional spectral information of the additive manufacturing part; a stress-strain measurement module (18), which monitors stress-strain data of the additive manufacturing part; a laser ultrasonic inspection module (8), which cooperates with a rotary machining table to detect a surface defect and a near-surface defect of the additive manufacturing part; a computerized tomography module (14), which cooperates with the rotary machining table (1) to detect an internal defect and an internal geometric contour of the additive manufacturing part; a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy inspection module (13), which determines the material composition and content of the additive manufacturing part; and a central processing unit (16), which finds a machining error and a metallurgical defect, and then feeds back same to a metal additive manufacturing machining end. By means of the invention, the quality of a finished product is improved.

Description

Online real-time monitoring system for various monitoring equipment of metal additive manufacturing

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of metal additive manufacturing, in particular to an online real-time monitoring system for multiple monitoring equipment of metal additive manufacturing.

Background technique

Additive manufacturing is regarded as a new growth point for future industrial development. Under the mutual promotion of governments and markets, additive manufacturing technology has achieved a qualitative leap forward, but it has not yet formed a large-scale industrial application. In the manufacturing process, the performance and manufacturing accuracy of molded parts will not meet the standard for a certain amount. The current yield of SLM products is about 70%. The low yield seriously affects the process of large-scale industrial application of additive manufacturing. The main reason is that there is no substantial and reliable solution to the process repeatability and quality reliability issues in the processing process. At present, in the aerospace field, since most of the devices are large-size components, the time-consuming varies from a few days to a few months. Therefore, the reliability of quality is particularly important, and it is urgent to monitor the additive manufacturing process by real-time detection devices or equipment, and perform feedback processing, so as to carry out targeted control of the processing process to optimize the entire processing process in real time and increase the final yield of components. And print quality. Therefore, many research institutions at home and abroad have conducted research on this in recent years. At present, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory, etc. have conducted research on the online monitoring of the contours of processed workpieces in the additive manufacturing process of large aerospace parts and complex industrial parts. . German EOS, German SLM Solutions, and American 3D systems have conducted research on additive manufacturing sample processing materials; Leuven University in Belgium, Aachen University of Technology in Germany, and Lappeenranta University of Technology in Finland have conducted research on the melt pool of additive manufacturing process On-line monitoring of size and temperature field, and feedback control of process parameters have been studied; Fraunhofer Institute in Germany, Technological University of Catalonia in Spain, and National Institute of Standards and Technology of the United States have conducted online and off-line ultrasonic testing additives. Research on internal defects of samples; Tsinghua University, Carnegie Mellon University in the United States, University of Manchester in the United Kingdom, and Monash University in Australia have conducted studies on off-line X-ray detection of defects in additive samples. However, at present, the control equipment that takes into account all-round online monitoring and feedback is still very scarce. During the additive manufacturing process, fluctuations in process parameters and the external environment may cause various metallurgical defects in local areas of the parts, such as interlayer and interpass. Local unfusion, entanglement and precipitation pores, inclusions, cracks, stress concentration, warping deformation, etc., and ultimately affect the internal quality, mechanical properties of the formed parts and the safety of the components in service.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide an online real-time monitoring system for various monitoring equipment of metal additive manufacturing, which aims to solve the problem that the existing metal additive manufacturing monitoring equipment cannot find the cause of processing defects in time due to incomplete information acquisition. .

The present invention is realized as follows:

The invention provides an online real-time monitoring system for multiple monitoring equipment for metal additive manufacturing, which includes a high-speed camera detection module, a visible spectrometer detection module, an infrared thermal imager detection module, a near-visible hyperspectral camera detection module, and an interference imaging spectrometer detection module. A module, a stress-strain detection module, a laser ultrasonic detection module, a computer tomography module, a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection module, and a central processing unit, each of the above-mentioned detection modules is electrically connected to the central processing unit;

The high-speed camera detection module is used for real-time detection of the three-dimensional contour accuracy of the additive manufacturing part and the molten pool contour and feedback to the central processing unit; the visible spectrometer detection module is used for real-time detection and feedback of the deflection angle of the laser To the central processing unit; the infrared thermal imager detection module is used to detect the temperature of the molten pool in real time and feed it back to the central processing unit; the near-visible hyperspectral camera detection module is used to detect the molten pool, sputtering and the surrounding environment Real-time detection of the spatial information and spectral information and feedback to the central processing unit; the interference imaging spectrometer detection module is used to use the principle of interference to obtain a series of interference patterns that vary with the optical path difference, and obtain the second part of the additive manufacturing part through inversion. The three-dimensional space image and one-dimensional spectral information are fed back to the central processing unit; the stress-strain detection module is used to obtain the stress-strain data of the additive manufacturing part during the processing by using the stress-strain sensor and feed it back to the central processing unit; the laser ultrasound The detection module cooperates with the rotary processing table for real-time detection of surface and near surface defects of the additive manufacturing parts and feeds them back to the central processing unit; the electronic computer tomography module cooperates with the rotary processing table to detect internal defects of the additive manufacturing parts And feed it back to the central processing unit; the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection module is used to determine the substance composition and content of the additive manufacturing part and feed it back to the central processing unit; The information is compared, and the processing errors and metallurgical defects are found and fed back to the metal additive manufacturing processing end, so as to realize the real-time control of the processing process.

Further, the central processing unit is also used to form the accuracy of the machining process—temperature based on the three-dimensional contour accuracy and molten pool profile of the additive manufacturing part fed back by the high-speed camera detection module, and the molten pool temperature information fed back by the infrared thermal imaging camera detection module. It is compared with the set accuracy-temperature curve, and the comparison result is fed back to the metal additive manufacturing processing end to adjust the processing temperature and laser moving speed to the optimal value of the combination of the two.

Further, the central processing unit is also used for the three-dimensional contour accuracy and molten pool profile of the additive manufactured part fed back by the high-speed camera detection module, and the two-dimensional spatial image and one-dimensional image of the additive manufactured part fed back by the interference imaging spectrometer detection module. The spectral information and the surface and near-surface defect information of the additive manufacturing part fed back by the laser ultrasonic detection module locate the surface flaws of the additive manufacturing part, and feedback the positioning information to the metal additive manufacturing processing end.

Further, the central processing unit is also used for the second part of the additive manufacturing part based on the molten pool, sputtering and spatial information and spectral information of the surrounding environment fed back by the detection module of the visible hyperspectral camera, and the second part of the additive manufacturing part fed back by the detection module of the interference imaging spectrometer. After forming and imaging the three-dimensional space image and one-dimensional spectrum information, the complete one-dimensional spectrum, two-dimensional image and three-dimensional graphics of the additive manufacturing part are obtained.

Further, the central processing unit performs multi-scale and multi-probability simulations on the various physical quantities collected by the above-mentioned detection modules, completes the mapping in the virtual space, and then establishes a digital twin model, which corresponds to the metal additive manufacturing process. The modification information of the terminal, and feedback the modification information to the metal additive manufacturing processing terminal for real-time control.

Further, the infrared thermal imager detection module includes an infrared thermal imager, and the infrared thermal imager is placed above the metal additive-made cavity and a part of the cavity in front of the infrared thermal imager is made of sapphire.

Further, the visible spectrometer detection module includes a visible spectrometer, and the visible spectrometer is placed in a cavity made of a metal additive material.

Further, the interference imaging spectrometer detection module includes an interference imaging spectrometer, the interference imaging spectrometer is placed on the side of the outer side of the metal additive-made cavity, and a part of the cavity in front of the interference imaging spectrometer is made of organic glass.

Further, the laser ultrasonic detection module includes a laser transmitter and an ultrasonic detector. The laser ultrasonic detection module is placed on the outer side of the metal additive material cavity and a part of the cavity in front of it is made of Glass Windows DK7.

Further, the inner part of the cavity in front of the laser ultrasonic detection module is coated with an anti-reflection coating.

Further, the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection module includes a pulsed laser and a photoelectric converter, and the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection module is placed on the outer side of the metal additive material cavity and part of the cavity in front of it uses Glass Windows DK7 Material.

Further, the computer tomography module includes an X-ray transmitter, an X-ray receiving device and an imaging system, and the computer tomography module is placed on one side of the metal-enhanced cavity and a part of the cavity in front of it is made of organic grass.

Further, the stress-strain detection module includes a stress-strain gauge, and the stress-strain gauge is attached to the substrate and the additive manufacturing part.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

The online real-time monitoring system for multiple monitoring equipment of metal additive manufacturing provided by the present invention can collect various information in the metal additive manufacturing process online at the same time through multiple monitoring equipment, which can greatly improve the performance of metal additive manufacturing parts. The detection accuracy in the printing process will ultimately improve the quality of finished parts, reduce the waste of raw materials and reduce costs; automatically feedback defect information through each detection module, improve the timeliness of feedback, and realize the collection of information from the metal additive manufacturing process, the central processing unit Analyze the collected data and feed back the error data to the closed-loop control of the metal additive manufacturing processing end, which greatly saves printing time and improves the efficiency of metal additive manufacturing.

Description of the drawings

FIG. 1 is a working schematic diagram of an online real-time monitoring system for various monitoring equipment for metal additive manufacturing according to an embodiment of the present invention;

2 is a closed-loop control flow chart of an online real-time monitoring system for various monitoring equipment of metal additive manufacturing according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a structural diagram of an online real-time monitoring system for a metal additive manufacturing system and its various monitoring equipment provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

Description of Reference Signs: 1-Rotary processing table, 2-Laser, 3-Visible spectrometer, 4-Interference imaging spectrometer, 5-Infrared thermal imager, 6-High-speed industrial camera, 7-Approximately visible hyperspectral camera, 8-Laser ultrasonic detection module, 9-Glass Windows DK7 material part cavity, 10-high permeability glass part cavity, 11-sapphire material part cavity, 12-plexiglass part cavity, 13-laser induced breakdown spectroscopy detection Module, 14-Computer tomography module, 15-cable, 16-central processing unit, 17-information feedback module, 18-stress and strain detection module, 19-X-ray receiving device.

detailed description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in Figures 1 to 3, the embodiment of the present invention provides an online real-time monitoring system for various monitoring equipment for metal additive manufacturing, including a high-speed camera detection module, a visible spectrometer detection module, an infrared thermal imager detection module, and a proximity Visible hyperspectral camera detection module, interference imaging spectrometer detection module, stress-strain detection module, laser ultrasonic detection module, computer tomography module, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection module and central processing unit, each of the above detection modules is connected to the central The processor is electrically connected. The high-speed camera detection module is used to detect the three-dimensional contour accuracy and molten pool contour of the additive manufacturing part in real time by shooting images and feed it back to the central processing unit. The central processing unit uses the image processing algorithm to obtain the three-dimensional The contour accuracy and the weld pool plane defect are compared with the setting information, and the error is found to be fed back to the metal additive manufacturing processing end for modification, so as to realize the control of the three-dimensional contour and the molten pool contour of the additive manufacturing part; the visible spectrometer The detection module is used to detect the deflection angle of the laser in real time and feed it back to the central processing unit. The central processing unit compares the acquired deflection angle of the laser with the set value through a comparison algorithm, and feeds it back to the metal additive manufacturing processing end after the error is found. Modifications are made to realize real-time adjustment of the laser deflection angle; the infrared thermal imager detection module is used to detect the temperature of the molten pool in real time and feed it back to the central processing unit, which uses a temperature calculation algorithm to obtain the molten pool temperature Calculate the laser intensity, compare the calculated laser intensity with the set value, and feed back to the metal additive manufacturing processing end for modification after the error is found, so as to realize the real-time control of the laser intensity; the detection of the near-visible hyperspectral camera The module is used for real-time detection of the molten pool, sputtering and spatial information and spectral information of the surrounding environment and feeds it back to the central processing unit, close to the visible hyperspectral camera detection module can not only detect the external quality of the detected object, but also use it Hyperspectral technology detects the internal quality of the molten pool and sputtering, so that both internal and external aspects can be used to monitor the molten pool in the metal additive manufacturing process. The central processing unit uses the comparison algorithm to compare the acquired spatial and spectral information and settings. After the error is found, it is fed back to the metal additive manufacturing processing end for modification, thereby realizing real-time control of the quality of the molten pool; the interference imaging spectrometer detection module is used to use the interference principle to obtain a series of interferences that vary with the optical path difference The pattern, through inversion, obtains the two-dimensional spatial image and one-dimensional spectral information of the additive manufacturing part and feeds it back to the central processing unit. The central processing unit uses the comparison algorithm to obtain the two-dimensional spatial image and one-dimensional spectral information of the additive manufacturing part. Comparing with the set value, if the difference is found, it is fed back to the metal additive manufacturing processing end, so as to adjust the related processing process in real time; the stress-strain detection module is used to use the stress-strain sensor to obtain the value of the additive manufacturing part during the processing. The stress and strain data is fed back to the central processing unit. The central processing unit compares the acquired stress and strain data of the additive manufacturing part during the processing with the set value through the comparison algorithm, and feeds back to the metal additive manufacturing processing end after finding the difference. Real-time control of related processing processes; the laser ultrasonic detection module cooperates with the rotary processing table for real-time detection of surface and near-surface defects of additive manufacturing parts and feeds them back to the central processing unit. The central processing unit uses the comparison algorithm to compare The acquired surface defects and material parameters of the additive manufacturing parts are compared with the set values. After the errors are found, they are fed back to the metal additive manufacturing processing end for modification, so as to realize the real-time near-parameters of the surface and near-surface defects of the additive manufacturing parts Regulation; the electricity The sub-computer tomography module and the rotary processing table are used to detect the internal defects and internal geometric contours of the additive manufacturing parts in real time and feed them back to the central processing unit. The central processing unit uses the comparison algorithm to obtain the internal defects of the additive manufacturing parts. Compare the internal geometric contour with the existing pictures, and feedback the error to the metal additive manufacturing processing end for modification after the error is found, so as to realize the real-time correction of the internal problems of the additive manufacturing parts that may occur; the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection The module is used for real-time detection of the material composition and content of the additive manufacturing part and feeds it back to the central processing unit. The central processing unit compares the acquired material composition and content of the additive manufacturing part with the set value through a comparison algorithm, and finds the error Then feedback to the metal additive manufacturing processing end for modification, so as to realize real-time control of the material composition and content parameters of the additive manufacturing parts. Among them, the algorithms in the central processing unit can be written in python or other computer programming languages. The metal additive manufacturing processing end is generally metal 3D printers and lasers, and can also include other control equipment.

The online real-time monitoring system for multiple monitoring equipment for metal additive manufacturing provided by the embodiment of the present invention can simultaneously collect various information in the metal additive manufacturing process online and comprehensively through multiple monitoring equipment, which can greatly improve metal additive manufacturing. The detection accuracy of parts during the printing process will ultimately increase the yield of finished parts, reduce the waste of raw materials and reduce costs; automatically feedback defect information through each detection module, improve the timeliness of feedback, and realize the collection of information from the metal additive manufacturing process. The central processing unit analyzes the collected data and feeds back the error data to the closed-loop control of the metal additive manufacturing processing end, which greatly saves printing time and improves the efficiency of metal additive manufacturing.

Preferably, the central processing unit is also used to form the accuracy of the machining process—temperature based on the three-dimensional contour accuracy and molten pool profile of the additive manufactured part fed back by the high-speed camera detection module and the molten pool temperature information fed back by the infrared thermal imaging camera detection module. It is compared with the set accuracy-temperature curve, and the comparison result is fed back to the metal additive manufacturing processing end to adjust the processing temperature and laser moving speed to the optimal value of the combination of the two.

Preferably, the central processing unit is also used for the three-dimensional contour accuracy and molten pool profile of the additive manufactured part fed back by the high-speed camera detection module, and the two-dimensional spatial image and one-dimensional image of the additive manufactured part fed back by the interference imaging spectrometer detection module. Spectral information and the surface and near-surface defect information of the additive manufacturing part fed back by the laser ultrasonic inspection module locates the surface flaws of the additive manufacturing part, and feeds back the positioning information to the metal additive manufacturing processing end, so that the defect can be detected in the next processing. The parts slow down the processing speed and improve the processing accuracy.

Preferably, the central processing unit is further configured to use the spatial information and spectral information of the molten pool, sputtering, and the surrounding environment fed back by the detection module of the visible hyperspectral camera, and the second part of the additive manufacturing part fed back by the detection module of the interference imaging spectrometer. After forming and imaging the three-dimensional space image and one-dimensional spectral information, the complete one-dimensional spectrum, two-dimensional image and three-dimensional graphics of the additive manufactured part are obtained. From one-dimensional to three-dimensional, the characteristics of the additive manufactured part are more completely reflected, which is convenient for the processing process. Conduct observations and research.

More preferably, the central processing unit performs multi-scale and multi-probability simulations on the various physical quantities collected by the above detection modules, completes the mapping in the virtual space, and then establishes a digital twin model (Digital Twin), and generates corresponding data through the model. Modification information on the metal additive manufacturing processing end, and real-time feedback of the modified information to the metal additive manufacturing processing end for real-time control. The modification information may specifically be the trajectory adjustment amount and the movement speed adjustment amount of the laser beam, the laser intensity adjustment amount, the laser deflection angle adjustment amount, and the like. As shown in Figure 2, through the cooperation of various detection modules, central processing units and metal 3D printers, the closed-loop control of "printing-monitoring-feedback-modification-printing" is finally realized, realizing all-round online real-time monitoring and control of the printing process. adjust.

Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of the online real-time monitoring system of the metal additive manufacturing system and its various monitoring equipment. Among them, the metal additive manufacturing system includes a metal additive manufacturing cavity, and a metal 3D printer 1 and a laser 2 placed in the cavity. Except for the parts specifically described below, the rest of the cavity 10 uses ordinary high-transmittance glass. The high-speed camera detection module includes a high-speed industrial camera 6, and the high-speed industrial camera 6 is placed on the outer side of the metal-enhanced material cavity. The infrared thermal imager detection module includes an infrared thermal imager 5. The infrared thermal imager 5 is placed above the metal additive material cavity. Since ordinary glass will reflect and block infrared rays, it is placed in front of the infrared thermal imager 5. It is not suitable to use ordinary glass. The part of the cavity 11 in front of the infrared thermal imager 5 of the embodiment of the present invention is made of sapphire. The sapphire (Al ₂ O ₃ ) has excellent light transmittance from near ultraviolet to mid-infrared. With high mechanical strength, it can fully support the external cavity made by metal additive manufacturing. The high light transmittance allows infrared rays to pass smoothly, effectively reducing measurement errors caused by optical errors, and making the infrared thermal imaging camera 5 more accurate Calculate the data. The visible spectrometer detection module includes a visible spectrometer 3, and the visible spectrometer 3 is placed in a cavity made of a metal additive material. The near-visible hyperspectral camera detection module includes a near-visible hyperspectral camera 7, and the near-visible hyperspectral camera 7 is placed above the metal augmented material cavity. The detection module of the interference imaging spectrometer 4 includes an interference imaging spectrometer 4. The interference imaging spectrometer 4 is placed on the outer side of the metal-added material cavity. Since ordinary glass will have a greater impact on the interference process of light, if the interference imaging spectrometer is used 4 The use of ordinary glass in the front will cause large errors in the measurement results. The part of the cavity 12 in the front of the interference imaging spectrometer 4 of the embodiment of the present invention is made of plexiglass. The optical performance of PMMA makes it have less impact on light interference, and Its chemical stability, mechanical properties and weather resistance are very good, which can minimize the optical error in the process of information collection. The laser ultrasonic detection module 8 includes a laser transmitter and an ultrasonic detector. The laser ultrasonic detection module 8 is placed on the outer side of the metal additive material cavity. It is excited by the laser pulse of the laser ultrasonic detection module 8 and the contact with the workpiece. The ultrasonic wave has a high requirement on the permeability of the cavity material. The part of the cavity 9 in front of the laser ultrasonic detection module 8 in the embodiment of the present invention is made of Glass Windows DK7 material, and the use of this material can effectively reduce the error caused by laser reflection. Since the laser will cause certain damage to human eyes, in this preferred embodiment, an anti-reflection coating is coated on the inside of a part of the cavity in front of the laser ultrasonic inspection module 8 to protect the eyes of the inspector. The laser-induced breakdown spectrum detection module 13 includes a pulsed laser and a photoelectric converter. The laser-induced breakdown spectrum detection module is placed on the outer side of the metal-enhanced cavity and part of the cavity in front of it is made of Glass Windows DK7. The computer tomography module 14 includes an X-ray transmitter, an X-ray receiving device, and an imaging system. The computer tomography module 14 is placed on the outer side of the metal-enhanced cavity and part of the cavity in front of it is made of plexiglass. , The X-ray transmitter emits X-rays to the X-ray receiving device 19. The stress and strain detection module 18 includes a stress and strain gauge, which is attached to the substrate and the additive manufacturing part, so as to obtain the stress and strain data of the additive manufacturing part during the processing. According to the information collection characteristics of different monitoring equipment, the embodiment of the present invention adopts different cavity materials in front of different equipment to effectively reduce errors such as optics and thermal energy, thereby improving detection accuracy.

Each of the above-mentioned detection modules also includes a cable connecting the detection instrument to the central processing unit 14 and a fixing member for fixing the detection instrument. The monitoring system also includes an information feedback module 17. The information feedback module 17 is connected to the central processing unit 16 through a cable 15. The information collected by the above detection modules is transmitted to the central processing unit 16 through the cable 15, and the central processing unit 16 completes information processing. It is sent to the information feedback module 17 and then fed back to the metal 3D printer 1 to achieve a closed-loop control, thereby improving printing accuracy and printing quality, and can also store a large amount of error information to prepare for the next step of artificial intelligence learning error correction.

In the metal additive manufacturing process, because the laser processing is in a high-temperature and high-brightness environment, each monitoring system mainly uses optical principles to detect. When performing non-decoupling methods such as computer tomography, laser ultrasonic testing, infrared thermal imaging, and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, the measurement period can be appropriately delayed to avoid the molten pool to reduce interference. In order to avoid the influence of heat source on monitoring, when using interference imaging spectrometer for three-dimensional contour detection, single wavelength (460nm) blue light is used as the projection light source, and the corresponding band filter is installed for decoupling; for the infrared feature detection of the molten pool, the same The shaft monitoring design is decoupled from the narrow-band-pass filter system; for near-visible hyperspectral detection, the narrow-band-pass filter system is used for decoupling. This ensures that each monitoring system obtains accurate information and does not interfere with each other.

The foregoing descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the present invention. Within the scope of protection.

Claims

An online real-time monitoring system for multiple monitoring equipment for metal additive manufacturing, which is characterized in that it includes a high-speed camera detection module, a visible spectrometer detection module, an infrared thermal imager detection module, a near-visible hyperspectral camera detection module, and an interference imaging spectrometer. A detection module, a stress-strain detection module, a laser ultrasonic detection module, a computer tomography module, a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection module, and a central processing unit, each of the above-mentioned detection modules is electrically connected to the central processing unit;

The high-speed camera detection module is used for real-time detection of the three-dimensional contour accuracy of the additive manufacturing part and the molten pool contour and feedback to the central processing unit; the visible spectrometer detection module is used for real-time detection and feedback of the deflection angle of the laser To the central processing unit; the infrared thermal imager detection module is used to detect the temperature of the molten pool in real time and feed it back to the central processing unit; the near-visible hyperspectral camera detection module is used to detect the molten pool, sputtering and the surrounding environment Real-time detection of the spatial information and spectral information and feedback to the central processing unit; the interference imaging spectrometer detection module is used to use the principle of interference to obtain a series of interference patterns that vary with the optical path difference, and obtain the second part of the additive manufacturing part through inversion. The three-dimensional space image and one-dimensional spectral information are fed back to the central processing unit; the stress-strain detection module is used to obtain the stress-strain data of the additive manufacturing part during the processing by using the stress-strain sensor and feed it back to the central processing unit; the laser ultrasound The detection module cooperates with the rotary processing table for real-time detection of surface and near surface defects of the additive manufacturing parts and feeds them back to the central processing unit; the electronic computer tomography module cooperates with the rotary processing table to detect internal defects of the additive manufacturing parts And feed it back to the central processing unit; the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection module is used to determine the substance composition and content of the additive manufacturing part and feed it back to the central processing unit; The information is compared, and the processing errors and metallurgical defects are found and fed back to the metal additive manufacturing processing end, so as to realize the real-time control of the processing process.
The online real-time monitoring system for multiple monitoring equipment for metal additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the central processing unit is also used for the three-dimensional contour accuracy and molten pool of the additive manufactured part fed back by the high-speed camera detection module. The profile and the molten pool temperature information fed back by the infrared thermal imaging camera detection module form the accuracy-temperature relationship of the processing process, and compare it with the set accuracy-temperature curve, and feed the comparison result back to the metal additive manufacturing processing end for adjustment Processing temperature and laser moving speed to the optimal value of the combination of the two.
The online real-time monitoring system for multiple monitoring equipment for metal additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the central processing unit is also used for the three-dimensional contour accuracy and molten pool of the additive manufactured part fed back by the high-speed camera detection module. Contour, the two-dimensional spatial image and one-dimensional spectral information of the additive manufactured part fed back by the interference imaging spectrometer detection module, and the surface and near-surface defect information of the additive manufactured part fed back by the laser ultrasonic detection module are used to evaluate the surface flaws of the additive manufactured part. Positioning, feedback positioning information to the metal additive manufacturing processing end.
The online real-time monitoring system for multiple monitoring equipment for metal additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the central processing unit is also used for the molten pool, sputtering, and surrounding areas fed back by the detection module of the visible hyperspectral camera. The spatial information and spectral information of the environment and the two-dimensional spatial image and one-dimensional spectral information of the additive manufacturing part fed back by the interference imaging spectrometer detection module are formed and imaged to obtain the complete one-dimensional spectrum, two-dimensional image and three-dimensional image of the additive manufacturing part Graphics.
The online real-time monitoring system for various monitoring equipment for metal additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the central processing unit performs multi-scale and multi-probability simulations on the various physical quantities collected by the detection modules, and performs multi-scale and multi-probability simulations in virtual The mapping is completed in the space, and then a digital twin model is established. The modification information corresponding to the metal additive manufacturing processing end is generated through the model, and the modification information is fed back to the metal additive manufacturing processing end for real-time control.
The online real-time monitoring system for multiple monitoring equipment for metal additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the infrared thermal imager detection module comprises an infrared thermal imager, and the infrared thermal imager is placed in the metal additive material. Part of the cavity above and in front of the cavity is made of sapphire.
The online real-time monitoring system for multiple monitoring equipment for metal additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the visible spectrometer detection module includes a visible spectrometer, and the visible spectrometer is placed in a metal additive manufacturing cavity.
The online real-time monitoring system for multiple monitoring equipment for metal additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the detection module of the interference imaging spectrometer comprises an interference imaging spectrometer, and the interference imaging spectrometer is placed outside the metal additive manufacturing cavity. Part of the cavity on the side and in front of it is made of plexiglass.
The online real-time monitoring system for various monitoring equipment for metal additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the laser ultrasonic detection module includes a laser transmitter and an ultrasonic detector, and the laser ultrasonic detection module is placed on the metal additive. The outer side of the cavity and the part of the cavity in front of it are made of Glass Windows DK7.
The online real-time monitoring system for multiple monitoring equipment for metal additive manufacturing according to claim 9, wherein the inner part of the cavity in front of the laser ultrasonic detection module is coated with an anti-reflection coating.
The online real-time monitoring system for multiple monitoring equipment for metal additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the laser-induced breakdown spectrum detection module includes a pulsed laser and a photoelectric converter, and the laser-induced breakdown spectrum detection module The part of the cavity placed on the outer side of the metal additive material cavity and in front of it is made of Glass Windows DK7 material.
The online real-time monitoring system for multiple monitoring equipment for metal additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the electronic computed tomography module includes an X-ray transmitter, an X-ray receiving device, and an imaging system. The scanning module is placed on the outer side of the metal additive material cavity and part of the cavity in front of it is made of plexiglass
The online real-time monitoring system for multiple monitoring equipment for metal additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the stress-strain detection module includes a stress-strain gauge, and the stress-strain gauge is attached to the substrate and the additive manufacturing part .