CN107175329A - A kind of 3D printing successively detects reverse part model and positioning defect apparatus and method - Google Patents
A kind of 3D printing successively detects reverse part model and positioning defect apparatus and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107175329A CN107175329A CN201710245808.XA CN201710245808A CN107175329A CN 107175329 A CN107175329 A CN 107175329A CN 201710245808 A CN201710245808 A CN 201710245808A CN 107175329 A CN107175329 A CN 107175329A
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/38—Process control to achieve specific product aspects, e.g. surface smoothness, density, porosity or hollow structures
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/49—Scanners
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/003—Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/8851—Scan or image signal processing specially adapted therefor, e.g. for scan signal adjustment, for detecting different kinds of defects, for compensating for structures, markings, edges
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- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/44—Radiation means characterised by the configuration of the radiation means
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/8851—Scan or image signal processing specially adapted therefor, e.g. for scan signal adjustment, for detecting different kinds of defects, for compensating for structures, markings, edges
- G01N2021/8887—Scan or image signal processing specially adapted therefor, e.g. for scan signal adjustment, for detecting different kinds of defects, for compensating for structures, markings, edges based on image processing techniques
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Abstract
Reverse part model and positioning defect apparatus and method are successively detected the invention discloses a kind of 3D printing;The device includes scanning galvanometer, semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens, optical filter, laser head, high-speed camera, controller etc..Scanning galvanometer is used to control laser beam selective melting metal dust, and molten bath radiation reflective is entered the high-speed camera and be converted into image information by semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens reaches controller.The present apparatus is monitored for the powder fusing of SLM process, and feed back to computer software interface, reflect the molten pool character of diverse location in real time, and accurately measure the profile of each melting zone, part model is obtained by reverse mode, the model and original three-dimensional model are compared analysis, metal 3D printing part and error of the primary model data in terms of precision size is obtained.The position of internal flaw, three-dimensional shape during 3D printing can accurately be obtained, it is to avoid the printing part later stage is directed to the destructive testing of part.
Description
Technical field
Accurately controlled the present invention relates to metal 3D printing process monitoring and quality, more particularly to a kind of 3D printing is successively detected
Reverse part model and positioning defect apparatus and method.
Background technology
Selective laser fusing (Selective Laser Melting, SLM) technology be it is a kind of can straight forming it is high it is fine and close,
The 3D printing technique of the rapid shaping of high-precision metal part, but 50 kinds of different factors are had more than in melting process in performance
Space, the high residual stress of final part in effect, such as size and dimension error, melting layer, and to material property etc.
The influence of various variables result in printing technology and be difficult to quantified controlling.
The development of quality monitoring causes the surface roughness and performance of molding part in increases material manufacturing technology have to significantly improve,
Reduce the deformation of internal structure.Need to monitor a series of crucial parameter, including oxygen content, laser in laser fusion system
Power output, powdering and powder quality etc..But, only simple go the quality of overall merit part to be not based on apparatus and process
No more, print procedure itself have to be monitored.Real-time monitoring system can effectively detect print defect for early stage and avoid
Defect makes effective contribution.
The QM molten baths 3D systems of Concept laser companies are monitored by photodiode and COMS cameras entirely beats
Print process, molten bath heat radiation is monitored using coaxial sensor;EOS EOSTATE MeltPool systems provide automation,
Intelligent process monitoring technology --- either every bit, each layer, or each part.By this way, it is molten bath
Automatic monitoring creates condition, while it can also be observed in building process for inside parts.
Can the difficult point of current quality monitoring be the accuracy to information and processing, accurately reflect machining state;
Also for the correction of process, due to print defect or autologous tissue's defect caused by substantial amounts of influence factor, and
Whole process has highly dynamic characteristic, and one control loop corrected automatically of exploitation is a big difficult point.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the shortcoming and defect of above-mentioned prior art successively to be detected instead there is provided a kind of 3D printing
Ask part model and positioning defect apparatus and method.The present invention passes through every layer of number of contours by monitoring molten bath position and feature
According to reverse threedimensional model, such signal can immediately be analyzed intuitively and after the completion of print procedure on threedimensional model.
User can review the print procedure of each part according to position.The influence that inside parts are produced in print procedure can be more preferable
Detection and analysis.By being analyzed for part print defect, find reason and propose solution.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of 3D printing successively detects reverse part model and positioning defect device, including laser head 3, the and of scanning galvanometer 9
Computer 1, semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens 16, high-speed camera 20, controller 2;The high-speed camera 20 passes through controller 2 and computer
1 telecommunication is connected;
The laser optical path 17 of the laser head 3, reflects into scanning galvanometer 9 through semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens 16, is controlled by scanning galvanometer 9
Laser beam selective melting is laid in the metal dust on workbench 15;Meanwhile, the collection of scanning galvanometer 9 molten bath radiation, and will
It reaches high-speed camera 20 through semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens 16, and 20 pairs of the high-speed camera molten bath radiation data is handled, and turns
Turn to image information and reach controller 2, controller 2 is used to handle view data, to determine molten bath position and generate each fusing
The profile of layer.
The controller 2 includes:Image capture module, image outline extraction module, image triangularization module;
Image capture module, for controlling the molten bath during the collection each formable layer of workpiece of high-speed camera 20 to scheme in real time
As data, and it is stored in its internal memory;
Image outline extraction module, is shown as gray level image, and set up by the coloured image for feeding back to high-speed camera 20
Its coordinate system;Gray level image is filtered with smoothed image using median filter template, removes noise;Utilize intensity histogram
Figure, chooses histogrammic threshold value as minimum value, binary conversion treatment is carried out to image according to threshold value, be divided into molten bath pixel and
Non- molten bath pixel, extracts molten bath profile;
Then image triangularization module, the tomography profile polygonal segments that image procossing is obtained break in adjacent
Triangularity is connected between layer polygon vertex, then by the upper and lower end face trigonometric ratio of object, exports stl file;
When work period starts, image information is gathered by image capture module, transmits to image outline extraction module and extracts
Molten bath profile information, and procedure file is set up according to the information, machining state is fed back on computer interface, until the layer is processed
Finish, this layer of profile is extracted according to procedure file;Image triangularization module obtains the complete of workpiece according to the multilayer profile of workpiece
Whole threedimensional model, exports stl file.
Optical filter 19 is had additional in light path between the high-speed camera 20 and semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens 16, for filtering out molten bath
Gather wave band.
The optical filter 19 is in the narrow band pass filter in the range of 600~650nm using centre wavelength, to ensure to take the photograph at a high speed
The spectral sensitivity of camera 20.
The high-speed camera 20 is COMS high-speed cameras, and pixel resolution is not less than 1024 × 1024, and frame number is reachable
To 7000 frames/second;Overall shutter minimum exposure time is 1us;Dynamic range 120dB;Spectral region 400nm-950nm, 8 are adopted
Sample resolution ratio.
A kind of 3D printing successively detects reverse part model and positioning defect method, and it comprises the following steps:
Step one:The scanning galvanometer 9, semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens 16, the composition coaxial optical path of optical filter 19, molten bath radiant light pass through
In coaxial optical path reflection, filtering to high-speed camera 20;
Step 2:Coordinate system is set up by origin of the molding flat center of workpiece, high-speed camera 20 is according to planar shaping
Track, catches the molten bath position on molding flat, while recording the Molten Pool Shape of this position;
Step 3:Pool size is obtained by the image procossing of controller 2, when pool size deviates the deviation model of standard value
Out-of-the way position is recorded as when enclosing, is otherwise normal position;Controller 2 is real-time by the positional information Real-time Feedback to computer 1
On monitoring interface, reflect weld pool resonance in monitoring interface relevant position, if normal position then shows green, if out-of-the way position
Then show red;
Step 4:After the layer data is machined, high-speed camera 20 collects the formable layer panel data, controller 2
Extract this layer of outline data of workpiece and preserve;After the completion of part overall processing, generated according to every layer of workpiece outline data
Threedimensional model, the threedimensional model that this is currently generated and the original three-dimensional model being built in advance in computer 1 are compared point
Analysis, obtains metal 3D printing part and error of the primary model data in precision size;Meanwhile, the out-of-the way position in model
It is red highlighted, and show that the place number of plies is available for checking.
The deviation range that pool size described in step 3 deviates standard value takes 5%-15%.
The present invention has the following advantages and effect relative to prior art:
The present invention is monitored for the powder fusing of SLM process, and feeds back to computer, and different positions are reflected in real time
The molten pool character put, and the profile (including internal closed outline) of each melting zone is accurately measured, obtain zero by reverse mode
Part model, analysis is compared by the model and original three-dimensional model, is obtained metal 3D printing part and is existed with primary model data
Error in terms of precision size.Meanwhile, can be accurate with reference to diverse location molten pool character (width after the solidification of molten bath) data analysis
Obtain the position of internal flaw, three-dimensional shape during 3D printing, it is to avoid destructive examination of the printing part later stage for part
Test.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that 3D printing of the present invention successively detects reverse part model and positioning defect apparatus structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is computer interface schematic diagram;A represents the shape layer of each layer of part in figure;B represents abnormal.
Fig. 3 is workflow diagram of the present invention.
In Fig. 1:Computer 1, controller 2, laser head 3, supplementary structure beam expander 4, Three-Dimensional Dynamic focusing system 5, control
Plate 6, control panel 7, galvanometer control card 8, scanning galvanometer 9, Y scan motor and its eyeglass 10, X scan modules and its eyeglass 11, control
Making sheet (12,13,14), workbench 15, semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens 16, laser optical path 17, molten bath radiation path 18, optical filter 19, height
Fast video camera 20.
Embodiment
The present invention is more specifically described in detail with reference to specific embodiment.
Embodiment
As shown in the figure.Reverse part model and positioning defect device, bag are successively detected the invention discloses a kind of 3D printing
Include laser head 3, scanning galvanometer 9 and computer 1, semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens 16, high-speed camera 20, controller 2;The high-speed camera
20 are connected by controller 2 with the telecommunication of computer 1;
The laser optical path 17 of the laser head 3, reflects into scanning galvanometer 9 through semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens 16, is controlled by scanning galvanometer 9
Laser beam selective melting is laid in the metal dust on workbench 15;Meanwhile, the collection of scanning galvanometer 9 molten bath radiation, and will
It reaches high-speed camera 20 through semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens 16, and 20 pairs of the high-speed camera molten bath radiation data is handled, and turns
Turn to image information and reach controller 2, controller 2 is used to handle view data, to determine molten bath position and generate each fusing
The profile of layer.
Optical filter 19 is had additional in light path between the high-speed camera 20 and semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens 16, for filtering out molten bath
Gather wave band.
The optical filter 19 is in the narrow band pass filter in the range of 600~650nm using centre wavelength, to ensure to take the photograph at a high speed
The spectral sensitivity of camera 20.
The high-speed camera 20 is COMS high-speed cameras, and pixel resolution is not less than 1024 × 1024, and frame number is reachable
To 7000 frames/second;Overall shutter minimum exposure time is 1us;Dynamic range 120dB;Spectral region 400nm-950nm, 8 are adopted
Sample resolution ratio.
The semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens 16 are used for 100% reflection 1064nm optical maser wavelengths, and allow visible ray and and near infrared light
100% is transmitted through the high-speed camera 20.
The controller 2 includes:Image capture module, image outline extraction module, image triangularization module.
Image capture module, for controlling the molten bath during the collection each formable layer of workpiece of high-speed camera 20 to scheme in real time
As data, and it is stored in its internal memory;
Image outline extraction module, is shown as gray level image, and set up by the coloured image for feeding back to high-speed camera 20
Its coordinate system;Gray level image is filtered with smoothed image using median filter template, removes noise;Utilize intensity histogram
Figure, chooses histogrammic threshold value as minimum value, binary conversion treatment is carried out to image according to threshold value, be divided into molten bath pixel and
Non- molten bath pixel, extracts molten bath profile;
Then image triangularization module, the tomography profile polygonal segments that image procossing is obtained break in adjacent
Triangularity is connected between layer polygon vertex, then by the upper and lower end face trigonometric ratio of object, exports stl file;
When work period starts, image information is gathered by image capture module, transmits to image outline extraction module and extracts
Molten bath profile information, and procedure file is set up according to the information, machining state is fed back on computer interface, until the layer is processed
Finish, this layer of profile is extracted according to procedure file;Image triangularization module obtains the complete of workpiece according to the multilayer profile of workpiece
Whole threedimensional model, exports stl file.
3D printing of the present invention successively detects reverse part model and positioning defect method, can be achieved by the steps of:
Step one:Scanning galvanometer 9, semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens 16, the composition coaxial optical path of optical filter 19, molten bath radiant light are same by this
In axial light path reflection, filtering to high-speed camera 20;
Step 2:Coordinate system is set up by origin of the molding flat center of workpiece, high-speed camera 20 is according to planar shaping
Track, catches the molten bath position on molding flat, while recording the Molten Pool Shape of this position;
Step 3:Pool size is obtained by the image procossing of controller 2, when pool size deviates the deviation model of standard value
Out-of-the way position is recorded as when enclosing, is otherwise normal position;Controller 2 is real-time by the positional information Real-time Feedback to computer 1
On monitoring interface, reflect weld pool resonance in monitoring interface relevant position, if normal position then shows green, if out-of-the way position
Then show red;
Step 4:After the layer data is machined, high-speed camera 20 collects the formable layer panel data, controller 2
Extract this layer of outline data of workpiece and preserve;After the completion of part overall processing, generated according to every layer of workpiece outline data
Threedimensional model, the threedimensional model that this is currently generated and the original three-dimensional model being built in advance in computer 1 are compared point
Analysis, obtains metal 3D printing part and error of the primary model data in precision size;Meanwhile, the out-of-the way position in model
It is red highlighted, and show that the place number of plies is available for checking.
The deviation range that pool size described in step 3 deviates standard value takes 5%-15%.
Pool size standard value needs to be determined according to dusty material, laser energy density, sweep speed.
As described above, the present invention can be better realized.
Embodiments of the present invention are simultaneously not restricted to the described embodiments, other any Spirit Essences without departing from the present invention
With the change made under principle, modification, replacement, combine, simplify, should be equivalent substitute mode, be included in the present invention
Within protection domain.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of 3D printing successively detects reverse part model and positioning defect device, including laser head (3), scanning galvanometer (9)
With computer (1);Characterized by further comprising:Semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens (16), high-speed camera (20), controller (2);The high speed
Video camera (20) is connected by controller (2) with computer (1) telecommunication;
The laser optical path (17) of the laser head (3), reflects into scanning galvanometer (9), by scanning galvanometer through semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens (16)
(9) control laser beam selective melting is laid in the metal dust on workbench (15);Meanwhile, scanning galvanometer (9) collection is molten
Pond is radiated, and it is reached into high-speed camera (20) through semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens (16), and high-speed camera (20) is radiated to the molten bath
Data are handled, and are converted into image information and are reached controller (2), and controller (2) is used to handle view data, to determine to melt
Pond position and the profile for generating each melting zone.
2. 3D printing successively detects reverse part model and positioning defect device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Institute
Stating controller (2) includes:
Image capture module, for control high-speed camera (20) gather each formable layer of workpiece during molten bath realtime graphic
Data, and be stored in its internal memory;
Image outline extraction module, is shown as gray level image, and set up it by the coloured image for feeding back to high-speed camera (20)
Coordinate system;Gray level image is filtered with smoothed image using median filter template, removes noise;Utilize intensity histogram
Figure, chooses histogrammic threshold value as minimum value, binary conversion treatment is carried out to image according to threshold value, be divided into molten bath pixel and
Non- molten bath pixel, extracts molten bath profile;
Image triangularization module, the tomography profile polygonal segments that image procossing is obtained are then more in adjacent tomography
Triangularity is connected between the shape summit of side, then by the upper and lower end face trigonometric ratio of object, exports stl file;
When work period starts, image information is gathered by image capture module, transmits to image outline extraction module and extracts molten bath
Profile information, and procedure file is set up according to the information, machining state is fed back on computer interface, until the layer is processed
Finish, this layer of profile is extracted according to procedure file;Image triangularization module obtains the complete of workpiece according to the multilayer profile of workpiece
Threedimensional model, export stl file.
3. 3D printing successively detects reverse part model and positioning defect device according to claim 2, it is characterised in that:Institute
State and optical filter (19) is had additional in the light path between high-speed camera (20) and semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens (16), for filtering out molten bath collection
Wave band.
4. 3D printing successively detects reverse part model and positioning defect device according to claim 2, it is characterised in that:Institute
Narrow band pass filter of the optical filter (19) using centre wavelength in the range of 600~650nm is stated, to ensure high-speed camera (20)
Spectral sensitivity.
5. 3D printing successively detects reverse part model and positioning defect device according to claim 2, it is characterised in that:Institute
High-speed camera (20) is stated for COMS high-speed cameras, pixel resolution is not less than 1024 × 1024, frame number can reach 7000 frames/
Second;Overall shutter minimum exposure time is 1us;Dynamic range 120dB;Spectral region 400nm-950nm, 8 sampling resolutions.
6. a kind of 3D printing successively detects reverse part model and positioning defect method, it is characterised in that using claim 5 institute
State 3D printing and successively detect that reverse part model and positioning defect device realize that it comprises the following steps:
Step one:Scanning galvanometer (9), semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens (16), optical filter (19) composition coaxial optical path, molten bath radiant light pass through this
In coaxial optical path reflection, filtering to high-speed camera (20);
Step 2:Coordinate system is set up by origin of the molding flat center of workpiece, high-speed camera (20) is according to planar shaping rail
Mark, catches the molten bath position on molding flat, while recording the Molten Pool Shape of this position;
Step 3:Pool size is obtained by the image procossing of controller (2), when pool size deviates the deviation range of standard value
When be recorded as out-of-the way position, be otherwise normal position;Controller (2) is by the reality of the positional information Real-time Feedback to computer (1)
When monitoring interface on, monitoring interface relevant position reflect weld pool resonance, if normal position then shows green, if exception bits
Put and then show red;
Step 4:After the layer data is machined, high-speed camera (20) collects the formable layer panel data, controller (2)
Extract this layer of outline data of workpiece and preserve;After the completion of part overall processing, generated according to every layer of workpiece outline data
Threedimensional model, the threedimensional model that this is currently generated is compared with the advance original three-dimensional model being built in computer (1)
Analysis, obtains metal 3D printing part and error of the primary model data in precision size;Meanwhile, the exception bits in model
Put red highlighted, and show that the place number of plies is available for checking.
7. 3D printing successively detects reverse part model and positioning defect method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that step
The deviation range that pool size described in rapid three deviates standard value takes 5%-15%.
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Cited By (33)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN107741425A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-02-27 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of surface defect real-time detection apparatus for increasing material manufacturing |
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