CN107907482A - Molten bath status real time monitor device and method in a kind of SLM forming processes - Google Patents
Molten bath status real time monitor device and method in a kind of SLM forming processes Download PDFInfo
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- CN107907482A CN107907482A CN201711464040.1A CN201711464040A CN107907482A CN 107907482 A CN107907482 A CN 107907482A CN 201711464040 A CN201711464040 A CN 201711464040A CN 107907482 A CN107907482 A CN 107907482A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
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- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 15
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- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000931526 Acer campestre Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/02—Details
- G01J1/0295—Constructional arrangements for removing other types of optical noise or for performing calibration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/02—Details
- G01J1/04—Optical or mechanical part supplementary adjustable parts
- G01J1/0407—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. manifolds, windows, holograms, gratings
- G01J1/0425—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. manifolds, windows, holograms, gratings using optical fibers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
- G01N2201/08—Optical fibres; light guides
- G01N2201/088—Using a sensor fibre
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Abstract
The invention discloses molten bath status real time monitor device in a kind of SLM forming processes, pellicle mirror is installed between laser and galvanometer, received in pellicle mirror and be disposed with filtering system and fibre optical sensor on the reflected light path of the light beam transmitted by galvanometer, fibre optical sensor is connected with capture card and host computer in turn by conducting wire.The molten bath status real time monitor device of the present invention reflects the state in molten bath by monitoring the Strength Changes of molten bath radiated wave in forming process, it is not necessary to the high speed filming apparatus such as high speed camera is carried, it is simple in structure.The invention also discloses the method monitored in real time to molten bath state using above device.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to SLM device technical field, is related to molten bath status real time monitor device in a kind of SLM forming processes,
The invention further relates to the method monitored in real time to molten bath state using the device.
Background technology
SLM technologies, that is, selective laser smelting technology, are based on mathematical model, material are successively accumulated and is manufactured into entity
Emerging manufacturing technology.It according to the outline data selectivity set melt using the heat effect of laser and material
Shaping.SLM technologies need not cut material, it is not required that grinding tool, can with batch micro operations, be particularly suitable for manufacturing it is complicated,
The product of small volume.Its manufacturing speed is fast, with short production cycle, can reduce development cost and risk, bring manufacturing process
With the change of production model, become new era extremely potential new and high technology.
In SLM forming processes, there is strong heat transfer, heat radiation, thermal convection current, curing, phase transformation for metal bath
Deng physics, chemical change.Molten bath state has close relationship, molten bath with processes such as metallurgy, crystallization and the phase transformations in forming process
The stability of state in process directly affects the quality of formed product.Therefore, it is to real-time monitor of molten bath state
The key of SLM techniques is controlled, the defects of print procedure can be found in time according to the state in molten bath, and find corresponding solve
Measure, can be effectively prevented from part forming failure.
Although existing SLM device simply can macroscopically carry out control with real time inspection part forming process.Mesh
Preceding still no equipment can realize the real-time monitoring of molten bath state, and judge that print procedure whether there is defect by it, make
It can not be shaped into part, or forming quality is unqualified, it is difficult to ensure yield rate.At present, many mechanisms expanded into
The research of temperature and molten bath status monitoring during shape, it is taken pictures by high speed camera mostly, then carries out image procossing
The mode of analysis is completed to monitor.But in SLM forming processes, laser scanning speed is very fast, and molten bath is excited luminous power, is swept
Retouch having a great influence for the factors such as speed, material property and thickness, therefore the shooting speed of high-speed camera is proposed very high
It is required that causing device complicated, cost is higher.And the data volume that needs gather is larger, image processing time is longer, it is difficult to accomplishes reality
When monitor and display.
The content of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide molten bath status real time monitor device in a kind of SLM forming processes, is shaped by monitoring
During the Strength Changes of molten bath radiated wave reflect the state in molten bath, it is not necessary to carry the high speed filming apparatus such as high speed camera,
It is simple in structure.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide the method monitored in real time to molten bath state using above device.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is molten bath status real time monitor device in a kind of SLM forming processes, in laser
Pellicle mirror is installed, pellicle mirror is reflected the light beam transmitted by galvanometer, on its reflected light path successively between device and galvanometer
Filtering system and fibre optical sensor are provided with, fibre optical sensor is connected with capture card and host computer in turn by conducting wire.
Filtering system is included in the first filter plate and the second filter plate set gradually on reflected light path.
First filter plate is that wavelength is 1000nn, and the high pass cutoff filter plate of bandwidth 20nm, the second filter plate is that wavelength is
The low pass cutoff filter plate of 600nm, bandwidth 20nm.
Another technical solution of the present invention is, using molten bath status real time monitor device in above-mentioned SLM forming processes to molten
The method of pond status real time monitor is：The laser that laser is sent unidirectionally passes through pellicle mirror, after galvanometer deflects, is passed to work
Part surface interacts with material, during Reciprocity of Laser ＆ Materials, forms the molten bath of an of short duration stabilization, high temperature
The radiation light-wave in molten bath is reflected back galvanometer, then is filtered after pellicle mirror deflects into filtering system, then fibre optical sensor
Its light intensity signal is acquired, collection light intensity signal sends capture card to, and light intensity signal is converted into digital signal by capture card
Host computer is transferred to, host computer with analysis software analyze and show in real time, sentenced according to the stable state of the electric signal of display
Whether disconnected molten bath state is stablized.
Host computer carries out data analysis, real-time display light intensity curve with Labview analysis softwares.
When the stable state of the electric signal according to display judges whether molten bath state is stablized：
In laser energy stability, measured light intensity signal is steady, then molten bath is in stable condition at this time, is determined as processed
Journey is without exception；
Conversely, in laser energy stability, measured light intensity signal have it is unstable, i.e., certain point it is steep increase or steep drop or
When person's monitoring is less than the band signal, then molten bath state labile at this time, process produce defect, occur the point of defect and
Alarm and time and position and the light intensity curve variation diagram at this time for recording event generation；
When laser energy is unstable, light intensity signal changes with the change of laser energy, in laser energy stability,
Light intensity signal tends towards stability, then molten bath is in stable condition at this time, is determined as that process is without exception；
Conversely, when if laser energy is unstable, there is inconsistent, then molten bath at this time in the change of light intensity signal and laser energy
State labile, process produce defect, occur defect point and alarm and record the event generation time and
Position and light intensity curve variation diagram at this time.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
(1) change of the reacting condition molten bath state of molten bath radiated wave light intensity is utilized, and is not shot using high speed camera
Molten bath state is directly monitored with the mode of image procossing, simple in structure, cost is relatively low.
(2) monitoring to molten bath state can be realized using 2 filter plates, a sensor and a capture card.
(3) in data acquisition, light intensity this single data are only gathered, data volume is few, the Data Analysis Services time
It is shorter, it can really realize real-time monitoring.
(4) it according to the variation tendency of light intensity signal, can be inferred that the state in molten bath, find asking in forming process in time
Topic, rate of reducing the number of rejects and seconds.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of molten bath status real time monitor device in a kind of SLM forming processes of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the flow chart that molten bath state of the present invention carries out method of real-time；
Fig. 3 is the output curve diagram of host computer when molten bath state is stable state；
Fig. 4 is the output curve diagram of host computer when molten bath state is unstable state.
In figure, 1. lasers, 2. workpiece, 3. molten baths, 4. galvanometers, 5. pellicle mirrors, 6. first filter plates, 7. second filtering
Piece, 8. fibre optical sensors, 9. capture cards, 10. host computers.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Molten bath status real time monitor device in a kind of SLM forming processes of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, in laser 1 and galvanometer
Pellicle mirror 5 is installed, pellicle mirror 5 is reflected the light beam transmitted by galvanometer 4, is set gradually on its reflected light path between 4
There are filtering system and fibre optical sensor 8, fibre optical sensor 8 is connected with capture card 9 and host computer 10 in turn by conducting wire.
Filtering system is included in the first filter plate 6 and the second filter plate 7 set gradually on reflected light path.
First filter plate 6 is that wavelength is 1000nn, and the high pass cutoff filter plate of bandwidth 20nm, the second filter plate 7 is wavelength
For 600nm, the low pass cutoff filter plate of bandwidth 20nm.
As shown in Fig. 2, molten bath status real time monitor side is carried out using molten bath status real time monitor device in SLM forming processes
Method is：The laser 11 that laser 1 is sent unidirectionally passes through pellicle mirror 5, after the deflection of galvanometer 4, is passed to 2 surface of workpiece and material
Interact, during Reciprocity of Laser ＆ Materials, form the molten bath 3 of an of short duration stabilization, the radiation in high temperature molten bath 3
Light wave 12 is reflected back galvanometer 4, then is filtered after the deflection of pellicle mirror 5 into filtering system, and then fibre optical sensor 8 is to its light
Strong signal is acquired, and collection light intensity signal sends capture card 9 to, and light intensity signal is converted into digital data transmission by capture card 9
To host computer 10, host computer 10 with analysis software analyze and show in real time, is sentenced according to the stable state of the electric signal of display
Whether disconnected molten bath state is stablized.
Host computer 10 carries out data analysis, real-time display light intensity curve with Labview analysis softwares.
When the stable state of the electric signal according to display judges whether molten bath state is stablized：
In laser energy stability, measured light intensity signal is steady, then molten bath is in stable condition at this time, is determined as processed
Journey is without exception；
Conversely, in laser energy stability, measured light intensity signal have it is unstable, i.e., certain point it is steep increase or steep drop or
When person's monitoring is less than the band signal, then molten bath state labile at this time, process produce defect, occur the point of defect and
Alarm and time and position and the light intensity curve variation diagram at this time for recording event generation；
When laser energy is unstable, light intensity signal changes with the change of laser energy, in laser energy stability,
Light intensity signal tends towards stability, then molten bath is in stable condition at this time, is determined as that process is without exception；
Conversely, when if laser energy is unstable, there is inconsistent, then molten bath at this time in the change of light intensity signal and laser energy
State labile, process produce defect, occur defect point and alarm and record the event generation time and
Position and light intensity curve variation diagram at this time.
Because being also mingled with plasma resonance light wave and by material surface in 3 radiation light-wave 12 of molten bath of high temperature in the present invention
The laser light wave of reflection, therefore, in order to isolate the light wave of molten bath radiation, will be filtered reflected light processing.Theoretically
Analysis, the continuous spectrum that plasma resonance spectrum is mainly produced by bremstrahlen and recombination radiation and the line produced based on transition
Spectrum is formed by stacking, and the radiation of molten bath liquid metals is mainly continuous spectrum heat radiation, meets Planck's law of radiation.Plasma
The temperature of body is up to 104K, the boiling point of temperature up to material in molten bath or so, is about 3000K, both temperature differences are greatly different,
So the main wave band of its radiant light also has obvious difference.The wave crest of plasma resonance light wave is in ultraviolet band, spectrum
The overwhelming majority is less than 600nm.In forming process, the temperature in molten bath is in the range of 800-3000K, is determined according to planck radiation
Rule, the wavelength of radiation light-wave is in the range of 600-900nm.And the known optical maser wavelength reflected is 1064nm, it is possible thereby to really
Determine filtering system, a centre wavelength is used as the first filter plate of 1000nn high pass cutoffs 6, along with a centre wavelength is
The second filter plate of 600nm low pass cutoffs 7, filters out plasma radiation light wave and the laser of material surface reflection.Filtered wave system
The light that system is passed to fibre optical sensor again is the light wave of molten bath radiation.
The transmitting light of 5 permission lasers of pellicle mirror of the present invention is unidirectionally by reflected light and molten bath radiant light, environment spoke
Penetrate light and filtering system is entered by pellicle mirror deflection.
When the device of the invention makes, suitable Fibre Optical Sensor need to be selected according to the laser scan rate in forming process
Device, ensures the sufficiently high consecutive variations that can collect molten bath in current point process of response frequency of sensor.Will collection
To light intensity signal be converted into digital signal by capture card, be input in host computer, data analysis carried out with analysis software, it is real
When show light intensity curve.
The present invention according to the light intensity curve of host computer real-time display change judge whether molten bath state is stablized when, normally into
During shape, when in the forming process in a certain stabilization (such as entity filling, profile scan process), difference is swashed
The molten bath that fusing is formed occurs when light irradiates, should reach unanimity in the temperature of stable state, so the light intensity signal measured should
This is more steady, and the oscillogram of host computer signal analysis software output is as shown in figure 3, light intensity becomes with the change of laser energy
Change, in laser energy stability, light intensity signal tends towards stability.
When working as laser energy stability, but defect is produced in forming process, molten bath state becomes unstable, bath temperature
Deng being changed, the intensity of its wavelength radiated and radiated wave changes therewith, and the signal that host computer monitors at this time is no longer flat
Surely, it may occur that change drastically, the wavy curve of output at certain point as shown in figure 4, can suddenly increase or drop or even monitored not suddenly
To the signal of the wave band.
By the change of analyzing radiation intensity of wave, it can be inferred that whether molten bath state is stablized.When light intensity signal such as Fig. 3 institutes
When showing that comparison is steady, illustrate that molten bath state is stablized relatively.When light intensity signal is as shown in Figure 4, illustrate jumpy in generation
Point molten bath state is changed, according to waveform is convex or recessed the defects of can substantially judging molten bath type.Occurring
The point and alarm of defect and time and position and the light intensity curve variation diagram at this time for recording event generation, and according to light
The strong preliminary type for inferring defect of change, finds solution and avoiding measures, to improve forming quality, reduces the waste product of shaping in time
Rate.
Claims (6)
- A kind of 1. molten bath status real time monitor device in SLM forming processes, it is characterised in that laser (1) and galvanometer (4) it Between pellicle mirror (5) is installed, the pellicle mirror (5) is reflected the light beam transmitted by galvanometer (4), on its reflected light path according to Secondary to be provided with filtering system and fibre optical sensor (8), the fibre optical sensor (8) is connected with capture card (9) in turn by conducting wire With host computer (10).
- 2. molten bath status real time monitor device in a kind of SLM forming processes according to claim 1, it is characterised in that institute State filtering system and be included in the first filter plate (6) and the second filter plate (7) set gradually on reflected light path.
- 3. molten bath status real time monitor device in a kind of SLM forming processes according to claim 2, it is characterised in that institute It is that wavelength is 1000nn to state the first filter plate (6), and bandwidth is the high pass cutoff filter plate of 20nm, and second filter plate (7) is Wavelength is 600nm, and bandwidth is the low pass cutoff filter plate of 20nm.
- 4. a kind of molten bath status real time monitor method in SLM forming processes, it is characterised in that using any in claim 1-3 Molten bath status real time monitor device in SLM forming processes described in, the molten bath status real time monitor method are：Laser (1) laser (11) sent unidirectionally passes through pellicle mirror (5), after galvanometer (4) deflection, is passed to workpiece (2) surface and material Interact, during Reciprocity of Laser ＆ Materials, form the molten bath (3) of an of short duration stabilization, high temperature molten bath (3) Radiation light-wave (12) is reflected back galvanometer (4), then is filtered after pellicle mirror (5) deflection into filtering system, and then optical fiber passes Sensor (8) is acquired its light intensity signal, and collection light intensity signal sends capture card (9) to, and capture card (9) turns light intensity signal Change digital data transmission into and give host computer (10), host computer (10) with analysis software analyze and show in real time, according to display The stable state of electric signal judge whether molten bath state is stablized.
- 5. molten bath status real time monitor method in a kind of SLM forming processes according to claim 4, it is characterised in that institute State host computer (10) and carry out data analysis, real-time display light intensity curve with Labview analysis softwares.
- 6. molten bath status real time monitor method in a kind of SLM forming processes according to claim 5, it is characterised in that When judging whether molten bath state is stablized according to the stable state of the electric signal of display：In laser energy stability, measured light intensity signal is steady, then molten bath is in stable condition at this time, be determined as process without It is abnormal；Conversely, in laser energy stability, measured light intensity signal has unstable, i.e., increases either drop suddenly or prison certain point is steep When not detecting the band signal, then molten bath state labile, process produce defect at this time, and the point and Times of defect is occurring Warn and record time and position and the light intensity curve variation diagram at this time of event generation；When laser energy is unstable, light intensity signal changes with the change of laser energy, in laser energy stability, light intensity Signal tends towards stability, then molten bath is in stable condition at this time, is determined as that process is without exception；Conversely, when if laser energy is unstable, there is inconsistent, then molten bath state at this time in the change of light intensity signal and laser energy Unstable, process produces defect, and the point of defect and alarm is occurring and is recording time and the position of event generation And light intensity curve variation diagram at this time.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN108680502A (en) * | 2018-04-19 | 2018-10-19 | 广州德擎光学科技有限公司 | The laser processing state monitoring device of multiphase feature is reconstructed based on spectrum constituency |
| CN109014202A (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2018-12-18 | 西安空天能源动力智能制造研究院有限公司 | A kind of melt-processed process bath temperature real-time monitoring device in selective laser and method |
| CN110587118A (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2019-12-20 | 西安铂力特增材技术股份有限公司 | Double-laser beam combining device and double-laser composite processing light beam system |
| CN113059193A (en) * | 2021-03-17 | 2021-07-02 | 武汉理工大学 | Device for researching evolution process of selective laser melting pool |
| CN114199893A (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2022-03-18 | 北京航空航天大学 | SLM powder laying process defect identification and molten pool state real-time monitoring device and method |
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| CN110587118A (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2019-12-20 | 西安铂力特增材技术股份有限公司 | Double-laser beam combining device and double-laser composite processing light beam system |
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