CN109014202A - A kind of melt-processed process bath temperature real-time monitoring device in selective laser and method - Google Patents

A kind of melt-processed process bath temperature real-time monitoring device in selective laser and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109014202A
CN109014202A CN201811105734.0A CN201811105734A CN109014202A CN 109014202 A CN109014202 A CN 109014202A CN 201811105734 A CN201811105734 A CN 201811105734A CN 109014202 A CN109014202 A CN 109014202A
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high speed
speed camera
bath temperature
real
laser
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成星
周鑫
胡金海
李小涛
贺轩
贺一轩
高赟
张咪咪
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Xi'an Aerospace Electromechanical Intelligent Manufacturing Co ltd
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Xi'an Air Energy Power Intelligent Manufacturing Research Institute Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30Process control
    • B22F10/36Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B22F10/368Temperature or temperature gradient, e.g. temperature of the melt pool
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40Radiation means
    • B22F12/44Radiation means characterised by the configuration of the radiation means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40Radiation means
    • B22F12/49Scanners
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/90Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/003Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00Processes of additive manufacturing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30Process control
    • B22F10/31Calibration of process steps or apparatus settings, e.g. before or during manufacturing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40Radiation means
    • B22F12/41Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25Process efficiency

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Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of melt-processed process bath temperature real-time monitoring device in selective laser and method, the bath temperature real time monitoring apparatus of laser light path system and bath temperature monitoring system composition including optical path connection, wherein, the laser light path system includes laser, semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens and galvanometer, and the laser is connect by semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens with galvanometer optical path;The bath temperature monitoring system includes spectroscope, the first filter, the second filter, the first high speed camera, the second high speed camera, Acquisition Processor and computer, the spectroscope, the first filter and the first high speed camera successively circuit connection, the spectroscope, the second filter and the second high speed camera successively circuit connection, first high speed camera and the second high speed camera telecommunication connect Acquisition Processor, and the Acquisition Processor telecommunication connects computer.The present invention efficiently solves the real-time monitoring problem of the melt-processed bath temperature in the process in selective laser.

Description

A kind of melt-processed process bath temperature real-time monitoring device in selective laser and method
Technical field
The invention belongs to selective laser fusing real time monitoring field more particularly to a kind of melt-processed process in selective laser are molten Pond temperature real-time monitoring device and method.
Background technique
Selective laser smelting technology is that one kind passes through special-purpose software to part three-dimensional digital-to-analogue progress slicing delamination, obtains each section After the outline data in face, metal powder is successively selectively melted according to outline data using high energy laser beam, by layer-by-layer Powdering, the mode of layer-by-layer Melting And Solidification accumulation, manufactures the technology of Three-dimensional Entity Components.
During selective laser is melt-processed, when each layer of processing, thermally conductive below molten bath is frequently not uniformity , it may be entity component and solid support below molten bath, it is also possible to powder and non-physical support, at this moment if using fixing Laser power and scanning speed remove scanning machining, the temperature field situation that will lead to molten bath is different, and then leads to part The problems such as internal residual a large amount of residual stress.In addition, molten bath it is unstable often will lead in the fabrication process it is some other Defect, such as hole.As it can be seen that if can real-time monitoring bath temperature, and then adjustment laser power and scanning in process Speed will more effectively ensure the stability of part process processing.
The accurate measurement method that there is no bath temperature during the melting process of selective laser at present, since selective laser is melted Belong to laser processing technology, the typical thermal process comprising METAL HEATING PROCESS fusing and cooled and solidified in technical process, for thermal process Measurement would generally be monitored using thermal infrared imager, this method is primarily limited to the intrinsic response speed of thermal infrared imager, red The response speed of outer thermal imaging system differs multiple orders of magnitude with needed for the monitoring of molten bath;Furthermore the resolving power of thermal infrared imager is also difficult to It meets the requirements.
Furthermore researcher also attempts to characterize molten bath enthusiasm indirectly by photodiode monitor molten bath radiation luminous intensity Condition.Whether the temperature for radiating luminous intensity size (monitoring voltage value size) indirect characterization molten bath according to molten bath is too high or too low, but This method qualitative can only illustrate temperature level, be unable to measure out specific bath temperature value.Therefore, there is no at present can be realized it is sharp The accurate measurement method of real-time bath temperature in light selective melting process.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies in the prior art and insufficient, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of fusings of selective laser to add Work process bath temperature real-time monitoring device and method monitor system by laser light path system and bath temperature, select laser Bath temperature carries out precise measurement during area's melting process.
Technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of melt-processed process bath temperature real-time monitoring device in selective laser, the laser optical path system including optical path connection The bath temperature real time monitoring apparatus of system and bath temperature monitoring system composition,
Wherein, the laser light path system includes laser, semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens and galvanometer, and the laser passes through semi-transparent half Anti- mirror is connect with galvanometer optical path;
Bath temperature monitoring system includes spectroscope, the first filter, the second filter, the first high speed camera, second high Fast camera, Acquisition Processor and computer, the spectroscope, the first filter and the first high speed camera are sequentially connected by an optical path, described Spectroscope, the second filter and the second high speed camera are sequentially connected by an optical path, first high speed camera and the second high speed camera telecommunication Acquisition Processor is connected, the Acquisition Processor telecommunication connects computer.
Preferably, laser beam is irradiated to shaped platform by the laser light path system, is melted and molded the gold of platform surface Belong to powder and forms molten bath.
Preferably, the semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens 100% reflect the laser of 1064nm, and by the spoke in the molten bath of 600nm-1000nm Ejected wave section is anti-reflection.
Preferably, the radiation information in the molten bath transmitted by semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens is divided into two parts by the spectroscope, point It is not transferred to the first filter and the second filter, light splitting ratio is 1:1.
Preferably, first filter realizes that 700nm single-pass filters, and the 700nm wave band radiation information passed through is transmitted To the first high speed camera.
Preferably, second filter realizes that 950nm single-pass filters, and the 950nm wave band radiation information passed through is transmitted To the second high speed camera.
Preferably, the frame frequency of first high speed camera and the second high speed camera can reach 200000fps, spectral response model It encloses for 400nm-1100nm.
A kind of melt-processed process bath temperature method of real-time in selective laser comprising following steps:
S1: according to Planck's law of radiation, the pass of molten bath radiant exitance ratio and temperature under the conditions of different wave length is obtained It is formula;
Firstly, all objects higher than absolute zero can all generate heat radiation, therefore according to Planck's law of radiation, for Temperature is the absolute black body of the unit area member of T, the wavelength that hemisphere face direction is radiated can be with table for the radiant exitance I of λ It is shown as:
Wherein, I is spectral radiant exitance in formula;λ is wavelength;H is Planck's constant, and T is absolute temperature, and c is the light velocity, K is Boltzmann constant;
The non-absolute black body of actual object, using emissivityThe ability that object distributes heat radiation described, and it is absolutely black Body (emissivity 1) compares, and the emissivity of actual object is between zero and one;
As hc/ λ≤kT, Planck's law of radiation is reduced to Wien's radiation law, and by two different wave length (λ1And λ2) Under the conditions of the radiant exitance that monitors compare, can obtain:
Wherein, A in formula1And A2It is constant for determining optical path for the overall efficiency of optic path;As selected by Radiation wavelength be closer to, then assume that the emissivity ε under two wave bands12, determine A1And A2Afterwards, then it can pass through I1 And I2Ratio accurately calculate temperature value;
S2: calibration bath temperature real-time monitoring device obtains the comprehensive transmission efficiency A of the first high speed camera optical path1Value, is obtained Take the comprehensive transmission efficiency A of the second high speed camera optical path2Value;
S3: it according to the formula in S1, can draw out in wavelength X1=700nm, λ2When=950nm, I1/I2With temperature T's Relation curve;
S4: the melt-processed part in selective laser: laser emits from laser, reflects deflection through semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens and enters scanning Galvanometer, then it is irradiated to shaped platform surface melting metal powder, form molten bath;It is semi-transparent that molten bath radiant light is scanned galvanometer return Semi-reflective mirror, semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens are by the optical maser wavelength of 100% reflection 1064nm, to molten bath radiation information within 600nm-1000nm Visible light and near infrared light progress are anti-reflection, are transferred to 50% deflection of the spectroscope by the molten bath radiant light of 600nm-1000nm to filter Light microscopic, 50% in addition deflect into optical filtering, and the radiation optical information of 700nm is transmitted to the respectively after two optical filterings filter The radiation optical information of 950nm is transmitted to the second high speed camera by one high speed camera;
S5: the first high speed camera and the second high speed camera monitor molten bath in the λ of setting respectively1=700nm, λ2=950nm two Radiation information under wave band, simultaneous transmission to Acquisition Processor, calculates I in real time1/I2Ratio, then pass through I in S31/I2With temperature Spend T relational graph can real-time monitoring go out the temperature in molten bath in process;
S6: the temperature information that Acquisition Processor is handled in real time is transmitted to computer, and real-time display is simultaneously in print procedure It saves, so that technique adjustment and Real-time Feedback are handled.
Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) present invention monitors dress in real time using the bath temperature of laser light path system and bath temperature monitoring system composition It sets, can accurately measure specific bath temperature value, overcome and light intensity is radiated by monitoring molten bath using photodiode Degree is come the drawbacks of measuring bath temperature method, this method radiates luminous intensity size (monitoring voltage value size) indirect table according to molten bath Whether the temperature for levying molten bath is too high or too low, but qualitative can only illustrate temperature level, is unable to measure out specific bath temperature value.
(2) present invention can in Three-dimensional Entity Components process real-time monitoring bath temperature, and then adjust laser power The stability for more effectively ensuring part process processing with scanning speed has prevented unstable often in manufacturing process because of molten bath In will lead to some other defects, such as unmelted powder ball cluster, hole.
(3) present invention overcomes drawback brought by traditional infrared thermal imaging system monitoring temperature, in laser machining process Two thermal process comprising METAL HEATING PROCESS fusing and cooled and solidified such as monitor bath temperature using thermal infrared imager, are limited to red The response speed of the intrinsic response speed of outer thermal imaging system, thermal infrared imager differs multiple orders of magnitude with needed for the monitoring of molten bath, can not Precise measurement.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the melt-processed process bath temperature real-time monitoring device in selective laser of the present invention;
In figure, the lines in optical path are indicated: solid line indicates laser emission path, and dotted line indicates molten bath radiation path, arrow Direction indicates radiation direction path;
Fig. 2 is the I of the melt-processed process bath temperature method of real-time in selective laser of the present invention1/I2With the pass of temperature T System's figure;
Appended drawing reference of the invention lists as follows:
1- shaped platform, the molten bath 2-, 3- galvanometer, 4- semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens, 5- laser, 6- spectroscope, the first filter of 7-, 8- High speed camera, the second filter of 9-, 10- Acquisition Processor, 11- computer;
The first high speed camera of 8-1-, the second high speed camera of 8-2-.
Specific embodiment
The specific embodiment of the invention is described with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:
It should be noted that structure, ratio, the size etc. illustrated in this specification institute attached drawing, only to cooperate explanation The revealed content of book is not intended to limit the invention enforceable restriction so that those skilled in the art understands and reads Condition, the modification of any structure, the change of proportionate relationship or the adjustment of size, do not influence the effect of present invention can be generated and Under the purpose that can reach, should all still it fall in the range of disclosed technology contents obtain and can cover.
Also, it is understood that term " center ", " longitudinal direction ", " transverse direction ", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", " left side ", The orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as " right side ", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outside" is based on the figure Orientation or positional relationship is merely for convenience of description of the present invention and simplification of the description, rather than the device of indication or suggestion meaning or Element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, rather than to limit the scope of the invention, Its relativeness is altered or modified, under the content of no substantial changes in technology, when being also considered as the enforceable scope of the present invention.This Outside, term " first ", " second " etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or suggesting relative importance or imply The quantity of technical characteristic shown in indicating.The feature for defining " first ", " second " etc. as a result, can be expressed or implicitly indicate The quantity of indicated technical characteristic.The feature for defining " first ", " second " etc. as a result, can explicitly or implicitly include One or more of the features.In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of " plurality " is two or two with On.
The present invention includes that laser light path system and bath temperature monitor the melt-processed process in selective laser that system forms and melt Pond temperature real-time monitoring device and its monitoring method can be real-time monitored accurately molten during the melting process of selective laser Pond temperature.
The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of melt-processed process bath temperature real-time monitoring device in selective laser, including optical path connection The bath temperature real time monitoring apparatus of laser light path system and bath temperature monitoring system composition,
Wherein, the laser light path system includes laser 5, semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens 4 and galvanometer 3, and the laser 5 passes through half Saturating semi-reflective mirror 4 is connect with 3 optical path of galvanometer;
Bath temperature monitoring system include spectroscope 6, the first filter 7, the second filter 9, the first high speed camera 8-1, Second high speed camera 8-2, Acquisition Processor 10 and computer 11, the spectroscope 6, the first filter 7 and the first high speed camera 8-1 It is sequentially connected by an optical path, the spectroscope 6, the second filter 9 and the second high speed camera 8-2 are sequentially connected by an optical path, first high speed Camera 8-1 and the second high speed camera 8-2 telecommunication connect Acquisition Processor 10, and 10 telecommunication of Acquisition Processor connects computer 11。
The frame frequency of high speed camera 8 is up to 200,000fps;Spectral response range 400nm-1100nm;
The effect of Acquisition Processor 10, i.e. data acquire (DAQ), refer to from sensor and other Devices to test etc. simulation and Automatically non electrical quantity or electric quantity signal are adopted in digital unit under test, is sent in host computer and is analyzed, and are handled.Data acquisition is knot Flexible, the customized measurement of user is realized in conjunction based on the measurement software and hardware product of computer or other dedicated testing platforms System.Wherein data collecting card, i.e., realization data acquisition (DAQ) function computer extender card, can by USB, PXI, PCI, PCI Express, firewire (IEEE1394), PCMCIA, ISA, Compact Flash, 485,232, Ethernet, various nothings The buses such as gauze network access personal computer.Obtained data are handled to export to computer 11 and save.
Laser beam is irradiated to shaped platform 1 by the laser light path system, is melted and molded the metal powder on 1 surface of platform Form molten bath 2.
The semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens 4 can 100% reflection 1064nm laser, and by the radiation in the molten bath of 600nm-1000nm 2 Wave band is anti-reflection.
The radiation information in the molten bath 2 transmitted by semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens 4 is divided into two parts by the spectroscope 6, is passed respectively It is defeated to the first filter 7 and the second filter 9, light splitting ratio is 1:1.
First filter 7 realizes that 700nm single-pass filters, and the 700nm wave band radiation information passed through is transferred to first High speed camera 8-1.
Second filter 9 realizes that 950nm single-pass filters, and the 950nm wave band radiation information passed through is transferred to second High speed camera 8-2.
The frame frequency of the first high speed camera 8-1 and the second high speed camera 8-2 can reach 200000fps, spectral response model It encloses for 400nm-1100nm.
As shown in Figs. 1-2, the melt-processed process bath temperature method of real-time in a kind of selective laser, it is molten in selective laser It is realized on the basis of change process bath temperature real-time monitoring device comprising following steps:
S1: according to Planck's law of radiation, the pass of molten bath radiant exitance ratio and temperature under the conditions of different wave length is obtained It is formula;
Firstly, all objects higher than absolute zero can all generate heat radiation, therefore according to Planck's law of radiation, for Temperature is the absolute black body of the unit area member of T, the wavelength that hemisphere face direction is radiated can be with table for the radiant exitance I of λ It is shown as:
Wherein, I is spectral radiant exitance in formula;λ is wavelength;H is Planck's constant, and T is absolute temperature, and c is the light velocity, K is Boltzmann constant;
The non-absolute black body of actual object, using emissivityThe ability that object distributes heat radiation described, and it is absolutely black Body (emissivity 1) compares, and the emissivity of actual object is between zero and one;
As hc/ λ≤kT, Planck's law of radiation is reduced to Wien's radiation law, and by two different wave length (λ1And λ2) Under the conditions of the radiant exitance that monitors compare, can obtain:
Wherein, A in formula1And A2It is constant for determining optical path for the overall efficiency of optic path;As selected by Radiation wavelength be closer to, then assume that the emissivity ε under two wave bands12, determine A1And A2Afterwards, then it can pass through I1 And I2Ratio accurately calculate temperature value;
S2: calibration bath temperature real-time monitoring device obtains the comprehensive transmission efficiency A of the first high speed camera 8-1 optical path1 Value obtains the comprehensive transmission efficiency A of the second high speed camera 8-2 optical path2Value;
S3: as Fig. 2 can be drawn out according to the formula in S1 in wavelength X1=700nm, λ2When=950nm,
I1/I2With the relation curve of temperature T;
S4: the melt-processed part in selective laser: laser emits from laser 5, reflects to deflect to enter through semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens 4 and sweep Galvanometer 3 is retouched, then is irradiated to 1 surface melting metal powder of shaped platform, forms molten bath 2;Molten bath radiant light is scanned galvanometer 3 and returns Semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens 4 are returned, semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens 4 are by the optical maser wavelength of 100% reflection 1064nm, to molten bath spoke within 600nm-1000nm Visible light and the near infrared light progress for penetrating information are anti-reflection, are transferred to spectroscope 6 for the molten bath radiant light of 600nm-1000nm To the first filter 7,50% in addition deflects into the second filter 9 for 50% deflection, respectively by 700nm's after two optical filterings filter Radiation optical information is transmitted to the first high speed camera 8-1, and the radiation optical information of 950nm is transmitted to the second high speed camera 8-2;
S5: the first high speed camera 8-1 and the second high speed camera 8-2 monitor molten bath 2 in the λ of setting respectively1=700nm, λ2= Radiation information under two wave band of 950nm, simultaneous transmission calculate I to Acquisition Processor 10 in real time1/I2Ratio, then by S3 I1/I2The temperature in molten bath 2 in process can accurately be detected in real time with the relational graph of temperature T;
S6: the temperature information that Acquisition Processor 10 is handled in real time is transmitted to computer 11, is shown in real time in print procedure Show and save, so that technique adjustment and Real-time Feedback are handled.
The present invention is used with upper type, can accurately real-time monitor the molten bath temperature during the melting process of selective laser Degree.
The preferred embodiment for the present invention is explained in detail above in conjunction with attached drawing, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned implementations Mode within the knowledge of a person skilled in the art can also be without departing from the purpose of the present invention It makes a variety of changes.
Many other changes and remodeling can be made by not departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.It should be appreciated that the present invention is not It is limited to specific embodiment, the scope of the present invention is defined by the following claims.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of melt-processed process bath temperature real-time monitoring device in selective laser, it is characterised in that: including optical path connection The bath temperature real time monitoring apparatus of laser light path system and bath temperature monitoring system composition,
Wherein, the laser light path system includes laser (5), semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens (4) and galvanometer (3), and the laser (5) is logical Semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens (4) are crossed to connect with galvanometer (3) optical path;
The bath temperature monitoring system includes spectroscope (6), the first filter (7), the second filter (9), the first high speed camera (8- 1), the second high speed camera (8-2), Acquisition Processor (10) and computer (11), the spectroscope (6), the first filter (7) and One high speed camera (8-1) is sequentially connected by an optical path, and the spectroscope (6), the second filter (9) and the second high speed camera (8-2) are successively Optical path connection, first high speed camera (8-1) connects Acquisition Processor (10) with the second high speed camera (8-2) telecommunication, described Acquisition Processor (10) telecommunication connects computer (11).
2. the melt-processed process bath temperature real-time monitoring device in a kind of selective laser according to claim 1, feature Be: laser beam is irradiated to shaped platform (1) by the laser light path system, is melted and molded the metal powder on platform (1) surface End forms molten bath (2).
3. the melt-processed process bath temperature real-time monitoring device in a kind of selective laser according to claim 1, feature Be: the semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens (4) 100% reflect the laser of 1064nm, and by the radiated wave of the molten bath of 600nm-1000nm (2) Section is anti-reflection.
4. the melt-processed process bath temperature real-time monitoring device in a kind of selective laser according to claim 1, feature Be: the radiation information in the molten bath (2) transmitted by semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens (4) is divided into two parts by the spectroscope (6), respectively It is transferred to the first filter (7) and the second filter (9), light splitting ratio is 1:1.
5. the melt-processed process bath temperature real-time monitoring device in a kind of selective laser according to claim 1 or 4, special Sign is: first filter (7) realizes that 700nm single-pass filters, and the 700nm wave band radiation information passed through is transferred to first High speed camera (8-1).
6. the melt-processed process bath temperature real-time monitoring device in a kind of selective laser according to claim 1 or 4, special Sign is: second filter (9) realizes that 950nm single-pass filters, and the 950nm wave band radiation information passed through is transferred to second High speed camera (8-2).
7. the melt-processed process bath temperature real-time monitoring device in a kind of selective laser according to claim 1, feature Be: the frame frequency of first high speed camera (8-1) and the second high speed camera (8-2) can reach 200000fps, spectral response model It encloses for 400nm-1100nm.
8. a kind of melt-processed process bath temperature method of real-time in selective laser, which is characterized in that use claim 1-7 Any one of described in the melt-processed process bath temperature real-time monitoring device in selective laser realize comprising following steps:
S1: according to Planck's law of radiation, the relationship of molten bath radiant exitance ratio and temperature is public under the conditions of obtaining different wave length Formula;
Firstly, all objects higher than absolute zero can all generate heat radiation, therefore according to Planck's law of radiation, for temperature For the absolute black body of the unit area member of T, can be indicated in the radiant exitance I that the wavelength that hemisphere face direction is radiated is λ are as follows:
Wherein, I is spectral radiant exitance in formula;λ is wavelength;H is Planck's constant, and T is absolute temperature, and c is the light velocity, and k is Boltzmann constant;
The non-absolute black body of actual object, the ability that object distributes heat radiation is described using emissivity, with absolute black body (hair Penetrating rate is 1) to compare, and the emissivity of actual object is between zero and one;
As hc/ λ≤kT, Planck's law of radiation is reduced to Wien's radiation law, and by two different wave length (λ1And λ2) condition The radiant exitance of lower monitoring is compared, and can be obtained:
Wherein, A in formula1And A2It is constant for determining optical path for the overall efficiency of optic path;Spoke as selected Ejected wave length is closer to, then assume that the emissivity ε under two wave bands12, determine A1And A2Afterwards, then it can pass through I1And I2 Ratio accurately calculate temperature value;
S2: calibration bath temperature real-time monitoring device obtains the comprehensive transmission efficiency A of the first high speed camera (8) optical path1Value obtains The comprehensive transmission efficiency A of the second high speed camera (10) optical path2Value;
S3: it according to the formula in S1, can draw out in wavelength X1=700nm, λ2When=950nm, I1/I2With the relationship of temperature T Curve;
S4: the melt-processed part in selective laser: laser emits from laser (5), reflects to deflect to enter through semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens (4) and sweep Galvanometer (3) are retouched, then are irradiated to shaped platform (1) surface melting metal powder, are formed molten bath (2);Molten bath radiant light is scanned Galvanometer (3) returns to semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens (4), and semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens (4) are by the optical maser wavelength of 100% reflection 1064nm, to 600nm- The visible light of molten bath radiation information and near infrared light carry out anti-reflection within 1000nm, are transferred to spectroscope (6) for 600nm- The first filter (7) are given in 50% deflection of the molten bath radiant light of 1000nm, and 50% in addition deflects into the second filter (9), through two The radiation optical information of 700nm is transmitted to the first high speed camera (8-1) respectively after filtering by optical filtering, and the radiant light of 950nm is believed Breath is transmitted to the second high speed camera (8-2);
S5: the first high speed camera (8-1) and the second high speed camera (8-2) monitor molten bath (2) in the λ of setting respectively1=700nm, λ2 Radiation information under two wave band of=950nm, simultaneous transmission to Acquisition Processor (10), calculates I in real time1/I2Ratio, then pass through I in S31/I2With the relational graph of temperature T can real-time monitoring go out the temperature of molten bath in process (2);
S6: the temperature information that Acquisition Processor (10) is handled in real time is transmitted to computer (11), is shown in real time in print procedure Show and save, so that technique adjustment and Real-time Feedback are handled.
CN201811105734.0A 2018-09-21 2018-09-21 A kind of melt-processed process bath temperature real-time monitoring device in selective laser and method Pending CN109014202A (en)

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