WO2021243850A1 - 强支撑高弹性聚氨酯软泡材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

强支撑高弹性聚氨酯软泡材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2021243850A1
WO2021243850A1 PCT/CN2020/109380 CN2020109380W WO2021243850A1 WO 2021243850 A1 WO2021243850 A1 WO 2021243850A1 CN 2020109380 W CN2020109380 W CN 2020109380W WO 2021243850 A1 WO2021243850 A1 WO 2021243850A1
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foam material
lignosulfonate
polyurethane foam
strong support
high elasticity
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PCT/CN2020/109380
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English (en)
French (fr)
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邓泽华
张雷
丘国豪
国海玲
郑迁
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浙江高裕家居科技股份有限公司
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Priority to EP20875688.2A priority Critical patent/EP4159782A4/en
Priority to JP2021520193A priority patent/JP7194274B2/ja
Priority to US17/330,447 priority patent/US20210371578A1/en
Publication of WO2021243850A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021243850A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/48Polyethers
    • C08G18/50Polyethers having heteroatoms other than oxygen
    • C08G18/5072Polyethers having heteroatoms other than oxygen containing sulfur

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  • Lignin is a large class of natural polymers and the only type of aromatic natural polymers in nature. It plays a strong supporting role in the structure of plants. Lignosulfonate is the main waste of the paper industry, and its comprehensive utilization has always been a subject with significant social and economic benefits. However, lignosulfonate is extremely difficult to degrade and process due to its special aromatic basic structural unit and strong bond energy.
  • a large class of raw materials in the polyurethane industry are substances with active hydrogen, such as polyether polyols, polyester polyols, and vegetable oils with some hydroxyl groups. These substances are used as soft segment materials in the polyurethane structure to polymerize with the isocyanate as the hard segment materials to form soft and hard copolymerized polyurethane, so the polyurethane exhibits excellent mechanical properties.
  • Softness and support are two particularly important indicators of soft polyurethane foam.
  • flexibility and support are contradictory to each other, and it is difficult to balance them. Therefore, higher requirements are put forward for polyurethane materials, that is, they must provide strong support while being soft.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a flexible polyurethane foam material with strong support and high elasticity to solve the problems in the prior art.
  • the invention also provides a preparation method of the strong support and high elasticity polyurethane soft foam material.
  • a flexible polyurethane foam material with strong support and high elasticity is mainly made by foaming the following raw materials in parts by weight:
  • the lignin-based block copolymer molecular grade combined polyether is based on lignin sulfonate, and uses the solvation effect of polyether polyol to cut the molecular chain of lignin sulfonate and embed it in it to form a lignin sulfonate.
  • a molecular-level combined polyether formed by the co-polymerization of the aromatic polymer segment of the sulfonate and the aliphatic polymer segment of the polyether polyol, that is, the lignin-based block copolymerized molecular-level combined polyether.
  • the blowing catalyst can be a blowing catalyst commonly used in this field.
  • the invention adopts a special structure of soft and hard copolymerized molecular grade combined polyether as the soft segment, and reacts with isocyanate to prepare a new type of polyurethane soft foam material.
  • This kind of polyurethane soft foam material needs to have more rigid structure at the molecular level, but maintain the open-cell characteristics, so it has achieved a balance in softness and strong support, so as to better adapt to mattresses, sofa cushions and Application of pillows and other household products.
  • the blowing catalyst is made by mixing A and B in a weight ratio of 1:(0.5-2), where A is triethylenediamine or bis-dimethyl ethyl ether amine, and B is stannous octoate.
  • the foam stabilizer is a silicone foam stabilizer.
  • the flexible polyurethane foam material is mainly made by foaming the following raw materials in parts by weight:
  • a method for preparing the strong support and high elasticity polyurethane soft foam material includes the following steps:
  • the comfort factor of general soft polyurethane foam material is between 2.1-2.3; the comfort factor of the soft polyurethane foam material prepared by the present invention can exceed 2.6, which is one of the very few soft polyurethane foam materials that can break through 2.6 at present;
  • the molecular-level combined polyether used in the present invention contains molecular-level hard segments, and the polyurethane molecular chain formed after reacting with isocyanate not only contains a structure in which the hard and soft segments block each other, but also contains more microscopic small molecules in the soft segment Hard segment, which gives polyurethane a better balance of soft and hard performance.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic process flow diagram of a specific embodiment of the method for preparing molecular-grade composite polyether from lignosulfonate and producing flexible polyurethane foam material provided by the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a structural diagram of the flexible polyurethane foam material inferred from the SAXS map of the present invention.
  • reagents used in the following examples can be purchased from conventional biochemical reagent stores.
  • the quantitative data in the following examples are all set to three repeated experiments, and the results are averaged.
  • Standard sample polyurethane soft foam material, purchased from Zhejiang Gaoyu Home Furnishing Technology Co., Ltd., model l3324.
  • a method for preparing lignin-based block copolymer molecular-grade combined polyether includes the following steps:
  • the lignosulfonate and the pretreatment reagent are mixed in a weight ratio of 1:(2-10), and pretreated for 60-240 minutes under the conditions of a temperature of 100-140°C and a pressure of 10-15 MPa;
  • the lignosulfonate obtained after pretreatment is subjected to vacuum distillation to remove the pretreatment reagent;
  • the lignosulfonate is one or more of sodium lignosulfonate, calcium lignosulfonate and magnesium lignosulfonate.
  • the polyether polyol is selected from one or two of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polypropylene glycol (PPG). Especially, one or more of PEG200, PEG400, PPG200 and PPG400.
  • the pretreatment reagent is selected from one or more of methanol, ethanol, propylene glycol and 1-4 butanediol.
  • step 2 the vacuum distillation process conditions described in step 2) are 10-120°C temperature, 750-1 mm Hg, and vacuum distillation time 30-120 minutes.
  • Example 2 On the basis of Example 1, the above preparation method was further improved to obtain Example 2.
  • the difference between this example and the above example is that the copolymerization process described in step 3) uses sulfuric acid as the catalyst and the catalyst is added The amount is 2-7wt% of the total weight of lignosulfonate and polyether polyol.
  • Example 3 On the basis of Example 1, the above preparation method is further improved to obtain Example 3.
  • the difference between this example and the above example is that the pretreatment reagent is ethanol.
  • Example 4 On the basis of Example 1, the above preparation method was further improved to obtain Example 4.
  • the difference between this example and the above example is that the pretreatment reagent is propylene glycol.
  • Example 1 On the basis of Example 1, the above preparation method was further improved to obtain Examples 5, 6, and 7.
  • the ratio of raw materials involved in the method, the reagents used and the specific processes of each step are shown in Table 1.
  • the factors that have a greater impact on the performance of molecular-level combined polyethers include solvents, catalysts, reaction temperature, and reaction time. According to the data in Table 2, it can be proved that sulfuric acid is a better catalyst than phosphoric acid, and it can cut the molecular chain of lignin at a lower dosage; low temperature and relatively long time are beneficial to improve the properties of the product. In summary, formula 7 performed even better. PPG is a better solvent than PEG. In practical applications, under the same ratio, the molecular-grade combined polyether formed by PPG liquefaction has a lower viscosity, which is more conducive to production.
  • Example 1 10 Lignin-based block copolymer molecular grade combined polyether 100 100 100 Black material TDI 55 55 55 water 2.0 2.0 2.0 Stabilizer 510 1.5 1.5 1.5 Stannous octoate 0.5 0.25 0.25 Triethylenediamine - 0.5 - Dimethyl ethyl ether amine - - 0.5

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种聚氨酯软泡材料,特别涉及一种强支撑高弹性聚氨酯软泡材料及其制备方法,属于聚氨酯软泡生产技术领域。本发明的强支撑高弹性聚氨酯软泡材料主要由以下重量份计的原料发泡制成:木质素基嵌段共聚分子级组合聚醚10-120份,异氰酸酯45-65份,发泡催化剂0.5-5份,水1-10份以及匀泡剂1-3份,所述木质素基嵌段共聚分子级组合聚醚是以木质素磺酸盐作为基础材料,利用聚醚多元醇的溶剂化效应,将木质素磺酸盐的分子链切断并嵌入其中,形成木质素磺酸盐的芳香族聚合物片段和聚醚多元醇的脂肪族聚合物片段共同聚合构成的分子级组合聚醚。所述的发泡催化剂可以采用本领域常用发泡催化剂。

Description

强支撑高弹性聚氨酯软泡材料及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种聚氨酯软泡材料,特别涉及一种强支撑高弹性聚氨酯软泡材料及其制备方法,属于聚氨酯软泡生产技术领域。
背景技术
木质素是一大类天然高分子,也是自然界唯一的一类芳香族天然高分子,在植物的结构中起到强力支撑的作用。木质素磺酸盐是造纸工业的主要废弃物,对其综合利用始终是一个具有重大社会和经济效益的课题。但是,木质素磺酸盐由于特殊的芳香族基本结构单元和强力结合的键能,导致其降解和加工都极为困难。
聚氨酯工业中一大类原料是具有活泼氢的物质,如聚醚多元醇,聚酯多元醇,以及部分具有羟基的植物油等。这些物质在聚氨酯结构中作为软段材料与作为硬段材料的异氰酸酯聚合形成软硬共聚的聚氨酯,因此聚氨酯呈现出优秀的机械性能。
尽管如此,在特殊的应用领域,聚氨酯这种软硬共聚的结构依然不能完全满足要求。在聚氨酯软泡领域就体现出这一缺陷。在沙发垫,床垫和枕头等产品中,聚氨酯软泡作为弹性材料,其性能决定这类产品的质量。由于这些产品都与人体直接接触并紧密支撑,这就要求聚氨酯软泡材料在透气性,柔软性和支撑性等方面都达到均衡。尤其是柔软和支撑,是聚氨酯软泡特别重要的两项指标。
但是,柔软性和支撑性又互为矛盾,很难兼顾。因此对聚氨酯材料提出了更高的要求,即在柔软性的同时,还要提供强力支撑。
技术问题
柔软和支撑,是聚氨酯软泡特别重要的两项指标。但是,柔软性和支撑性又互为矛盾,很难兼顾。因此对聚氨酯材料提出了更高的要求,即在柔软性的同时, 还要提供强力支撑。
技术解决方案
本发明的目的在于提供一种强支撑高弹性聚氨酯软泡材料,以解决现有技术中的问题。
本发明还提供一种强支撑高弹性聚氨酯软泡材料的制备方法。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:
一种强支撑高弹性聚氨酯软泡材料,该聚氨酯软泡材料主要由以下重量份计的原料发泡制成:
Figure PCTCN2020109380-appb-000001
所述木质素基嵌段共聚分子级组合聚醚是以木质素磺酸盐作为基础材料,利用聚醚多元醇的溶剂化效应,将木质素磺酸盐的分子链切断并嵌入其中,形成木质素磺酸盐的芳香族聚合物片段和聚醚多元醇的脂肪族聚合物片段共同聚合构成的分子级组合聚醚,即所述木质素基嵌段共聚分子级组合聚醚。所述的发泡催化剂可以采用本领域常用发泡催化剂。
本发明采用一种特殊结构的软硬共聚的分子级组合聚醚作为软段,与异氰酸酯反应制备新型的聚氨酯软泡材料。这种聚氨酯软泡材料又要在分子层面上具备更多的刚性结构,但是又保持了开孔特征,因此在柔软性和强力支撑方面做到了平衡,以更好的适应床垫、沙发垫和枕垫等家居产品的应用。
作为优选,发泡催化剂是由A和B以重量比1:(0.5-2)混合而成,其中A是三乙烯二胺或双二甲基乙基醚胺,B是辛酸亚锡。
作为优选,匀泡剂为有机硅匀泡剂。
作为优选,该聚氨酯软泡材料主要由以下重量份计的原料发泡制成:
Figure PCTCN2020109380-appb-000002
一种所述的强支撑高弹性聚氨酯软泡材料的制备方法,该方法包括如下步骤:
①备料,根据原料配方进行备料,
②发泡,在高速混合机内混合搅拌均匀,在料温15-30℃下发泡30-180秒,得到所述聚氨酯软泡材料。
有益效果
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:
1、本发明采用了一类结构特殊的分子混拼技术,将微观上硬段的木质素分子片段与宏观上软段的聚合物多元醇重新剪辑拼接,以嵌段共聚的方法得到了分子级组合聚醚。这种分子级组合聚醚具备强支撑和柔软的双重特点,完美解决了聚氨酯软泡材料强支撑与柔软不能兼顾的问题;
2、一般的聚氨酯软泡材料,舒适因子在2.1-2.3之间;本发明制备的聚氨酯软泡材料舒适因子可以超过2.6,是目前能够突破2.6的极少数聚氨酯软泡材料;
3、对于弹性材料而言,刚性和柔软性是一对矛盾的数据。床垫产品需要的高舒适因子一般很难达到,原因就在于现有的聚氨酯泡沫材料的软硬平衡点的表现不足,在刚性和柔性方面都不够。本发明采用的分子级组合聚醚含有分子级硬段,再经过与异氰酸酯反应后形成的聚氨酯分子链不仅含有硬段和软段互相嵌段的结构,而且在软段中含有更微观的小分子硬段,从而赋予聚氨酯更优秀的软硬平衡表现。
附图说明
为了更清楚的说明本发明实施例或现有技术的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单的介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明提供的以木质素磺酸盐制备分子级组合聚醚并以此生产聚氨酯软泡材料的方法的一种具体实施方式的工艺流程示意图。
图2是本发明聚氨酯软泡材料一维密度函数曲线;
图3是本发明依据SAXS图谱推测的聚氨酯软泡材料的结构图。
本发明的最佳实施方式
下面通过具体实施例,对本发明的技术方案作进一步的具体说明。应当理解,本发明的实施并不局限于下面的实施例,对本发明所做的任何形式上的变通和/或改变都将落入本发明保护范围。
在本发明中,若非特指,所有的份、百分比均为重量单位,所采用的设备和原料等均可从市场购得或是本领域常用的。下述实施例中的方法,如无特别说明,均为本领域的常规方法。
下述实施例中所用的试剂,如无特殊说明,可以从常规生化试剂商店购买得到。以下实施例中的定量数据,均设置三次重复实验,结果取平均值。
标样,聚氨酯软泡材料,购自浙江高裕家居科技有限公司,型号l3324。
实施例1 木质素基嵌段共聚分子级组合聚醚的制备
一种木质素基嵌段共聚分子级组合聚醚的制备方法,工艺流程示意图见图1,该方法包括以下步骤:
1)木质素磺酸盐的预处理:
木质素磺酸盐与预处理试剂以1:(2-10)的重量比混合,在温度为100-140℃、压力为10-15MPa的条件下预处理60-240分钟;
2)脱除预处理试剂:
预处理后得到的木质素磺酸盐经过减压蒸馏脱去预处理试剂;
3)木质素磺酸盐与聚醚多元醇软硬共聚:
木质素磺酸盐与聚醚多元醇以1:(1-5)的重量比进行共聚,共聚温度为120-110℃,时间为1-4小时,反应结束后得到木质素基嵌段共聚分子级组合聚醚。
更进一步地,所述的木质素磺酸盐是木质素磺酸钠、木质素磺酸钙和木质素磺酸镁中的一种或几种。
更进一步地,所述的聚醚多元醇选自聚乙二醇(PEG)和聚丙二醇(PPG)中的一种或两种。尤其是,PEG200,PEG400,PPG200和PPG400中的一种或几种。
在制备方法中,所述的预处理试剂选自甲醇,乙醇,丙二醇和1-4丁二醇中的一种或几种。
更进一步地,步骤2)所述的减压蒸馏工艺条件为10-120℃温度,750~1毫米汞柱条件下,减压蒸馏时间为30-120分钟。
本发明的实施方式
在实施例1的基础上,进一步对上述制备方法进行改进,得到实施例二,本实施例与上述实施例的不同之处在于,步骤3)所述的共聚过程,采用硫酸做催化剂,催化剂添加量为木质素磺酸盐与聚醚多元醇总重量的2-7wt%。
在实施例1的基础上,进一步对上述制备方法进行改进,得到实施例三,本实施例与上述实施例的不同之处在于,所述的预处理试剂为乙醇。
在实施例1的基础上,进一步对上述制备方法进行改进,得到实施例四,本实施例与上述实施例的不同之处在于,所述的预处理试剂为丙二醇。
在实施例1的基础上,进一步对上述制备方法进行改进,得到实施例五、六、七,该方法所涉及的原料配比,采用的试剂及各步骤具体过程见表1。
表1
Figure PCTCN2020109380-appb-000003
上述实施例制得的木质素基嵌段共聚分子级组合聚醚,进行性能测试,结果见 表2。
表2
Figure PCTCN2020109380-appb-000004
对分子级组合聚醚性能影响较大的因素有溶剂,催化剂和反应温度以及反应时间等。根据表2数据可以证明,硫酸较磷酸是更优秀的催化剂,在较低的用量下就实现了对木质素分子链的切断;低温和相对较长的时间有利于提高产物的性状。综上所述,配方七表现更为出色。PPG较PEG是更优秀的溶剂,实际应用时,在相同比例下,PPG液化后形成的分子级组合聚醚粘度更低,这更有利于生产。
实施例8-10
一种强支撑高弹性聚氨酯软泡材料的制备方法,该方法采用实施例七制得的木质素基嵌段共聚分子级组合聚醚作为原料来制备,聚氨酯软泡材料的原料配方见表3。
表3(单位kg)
实施例 1 9 10
木质素基嵌段共聚分子级组合聚醚 100 100 100
黑料TDI 55 55 55
2.0 2.0 2.0
匀泡剂510 1.5 1.5 1.5
辛酸亚锡 0.5 0.25 0.25
三乙烯二胺 - 0.5 -
双二甲基乙基醚胺 - - 0.5
上述原料在高速混合机内混合搅拌均匀,在料温15-25摄氏度下发泡,得到聚氨酯软泡材料,其中,黑料TDI、MDI都是异氰酸酯的一种。经检测,该聚氨酯软泡材料的技术指标见表4。聚氨酯软泡材料的一维密度函数曲线见图2,依据SAXS图谱推测的聚氨酯软泡材料的结构图见图3。
表4
Figure PCTCN2020109380-appb-000005
表4中的数据证明,采用木质素基嵌段共聚分子级组合聚醚的聚氨酯软泡材料与标准样品比较,具有更低的压陷硬度偏差(更柔软)和更高的回弹率(强支撑)以及更低的恒定负荷反复压陷疲劳后40%压陷硬度损失值(强支撑寿命),因此具备更高的舒适因子。
同时,表3数据也说明复合催化剂的效果要优于单一催化剂。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述,每个实施例重点说明的都是与其它实施例的不同之处,各个实施例之间相同或相似部分互相参见即可。对于实施例公开的装置而言,由于其与实施例公开的方法相对应,所以描述的比较简单,相关之处参见方法部分说明即可。
以上对本发明所提供的强支撑高弹性聚氨酯软泡材料及其制备方法进行了 详细介绍。本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述,以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰,这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种强支撑高弹性聚氨酯软泡材料,其特征在于:该聚氨酯软泡材料主要由以下重量份计的原料发泡制成:
    Figure PCTCN2020109380-appb-100001
    所述木质素基嵌段共聚分子级组合聚醚是以木质素磺酸盐作为基础材料,利用聚醚多元醇的溶剂化效应,将木质素磺酸盐的分子链切断并嵌入其中,形成木质素磺酸盐的芳香族聚合物片段和聚醚多元醇的脂肪族聚合物片段共同聚合构成的分子级组合聚醚,即所述木质素基嵌段共聚分子级组合聚醚。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的强支撑高弹性聚氨酯软泡材料,其特征在于:所述的木质素磺酸盐是木质素磺酸钠、木质素磺酸钙和木质素磺酸镁中的一种或几种;所述的聚醚多元醇选自聚乙二醇(PEG)和聚丙二醇(PPG)中的一种或两种;所述的聚醚多元醇选自PEG200,PEG400,PPG200和PPG400中的一种或几种。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的强支撑高弹性聚氨酯软泡材料,其特征在于:所述木质素基嵌段共聚分子级组合聚醚的制备方法包括以下步骤:
    1)木质素磺酸盐的预处理:
    木质素磺酸盐与预处理试剂以1:(2-10)的重量比混合,在温度为100-140℃、压力为10-15MPa的条件下预处理60-240分钟;
    2)脱除预处理试剂:
    预处理后得到的木质素磺酸盐经过减压蒸馏脱去预处理试剂;
    3)木质素磺酸盐与聚醚多元醇软硬共聚:
    木质素磺酸盐与聚醚多元醇以1:(1-5)的重量比进行共聚,共聚温度为120-110℃,时间为1-4小时,反应结束后得到木质素基嵌段共聚分子级组合聚醚。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的强支撑高弹性聚氨酯软泡材料,其特征在于:步骤3)所述的共聚过程,采用硫酸或磷酸做催化剂,催化剂添加量为木质素磺酸盐与聚醚多元醇总重量的2-7wt%。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的强支撑高弹性聚氨酯软泡材料,其特征在于:所述的预处理试剂选自甲醇,乙醇,丙二醇和1-4丁二醇中的一种或几种。
  6. 在据权利要求3所述的强支撑高弹性聚氨酯软泡材料,其特征在于:步骤3)所述的减压蒸馏工艺条件为在10-120℃温度,750~1毫米汞柱条件下,减压蒸馏时间为30-120分钟。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的强支撑高弹性聚氨酯软泡材料,其特征在于:发泡催化剂是由A和B以重量比1:(0.5-2)混合而成,其中A是三乙烯二胺或双二甲基乙基醚胺,B是辛酸亚锡。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的强支撑高弹性聚氨酯软泡材料,其特征在于:匀泡剂为有机硅匀泡剂。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的强支撑高弹性聚氨酯软泡材料,其特征在于:该聚氨酯软泡材料主要由以下重量份计的原料发泡制成:
    Figure PCTCN2020109380-appb-100002
  10. 一种权利要求1所述的强支撑高弹性聚氨酯软泡材料的制备方法,其特征在于:该制备方法包括如下步骤:
    ①备料,根据原料配方进行备料,
    ②发泡,在高速混合机内混合搅拌均匀,在料温15-30℃下发泡30-110秒,得到所述聚氨酯软泡材料。
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