WO2021215408A1 - 二酸化炭素還元触媒、及び二酸化炭素還元方法 - Google Patents
二酸化炭素還元触媒、及び二酸化炭素還元方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021215408A1 WO2021215408A1 PCT/JP2021/015916 JP2021015916W WO2021215408A1 WO 2021215408 A1 WO2021215408 A1 WO 2021215408A1 JP 2021015916 W JP2021015916 W JP 2021015916W WO 2021215408 A1 WO2021215408 A1 WO 2021215408A1
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- Prior art keywords
- carbon dioxide
- dioxide reduction
- catalyst
- reduction catalyst
- selectivity
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 312
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 170
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 156
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 156
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 25
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 312
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 176
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 87
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 73
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 32
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 31
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 31
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 25
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 24
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 19
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
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- 238000000731 high angular annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 238000001669 Mossbauer spectrum Methods 0.000 description 5
- KZNMRPQBBZBTSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Au]=O Chemical compound [Au]=O KZNMRPQBBZBTSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910001922 gold oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004627 transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910015371 AuCu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001880 copper compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002344 gold compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AUFHQOUHGKXFEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[Au]C Chemical compound C[Au]C AUFHQOUHGKXFEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004813 Moessbauer spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper zinc Chemical compound [Cu].[Zn] TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005251 gamma ray Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002343 gold Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000208140 Acer Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910001017 Alperm Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001020 Au alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002708 Au–Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910016523 CuKa Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000006460 Cyana Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910003771 Gold(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001860 alkaline earth metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- QRJOYPHTNNOAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper gold Chemical compound [Cu].[Au] QRJOYPHTNNOAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- MIQUYXUHGQNVDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethane-1,2-diamine;gold Chemical compound [Au].NCCN MIQUYXUHGQNVDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003353 gold alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- FDWREHZXQUYJFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M gold monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Au+] FDWREHZXQUYJFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KPQDSKZQRXHKHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold potassium Chemical compound [K].[Au] KPQDSKZQRXHKHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IZLAVFWQHMDDGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold(1+);cyanide Chemical compound [Au+].N#[C-] IZLAVFWQHMDDGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012625 in-situ measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- GKYQBMNOFTZZSX-UHFFFAOYSA-K n-ethylethanamine;trichlorogold Chemical compound Cl[Au](Cl)Cl.CCNCC GKYQBMNOFTZZSX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Images
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- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/15—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively
- C07C29/151—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
- C07C29/153—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases characterised by the catalyst used
- C07C29/154—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases characterised by the catalyst used containing copper, silver, gold, or compounds thereof
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- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a carbon dioxide reduction catalyst and a carbon dioxide reduction method.
- Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is one of the substances emitted into the atmosphere by burning fuel. Since carbon dioxide can cause global warming, its emission into the atmosphere is regulated by international treaties on climate change. Therefore, in order to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, a technique for converting carbon dioxide into an industrially useful substance has been proposed.
- a technology for converting carbon dioxide into methanol which is widely used as a raw material for various industries, is known.
- Industrially there is known a method of converting a gas containing carbon dioxide and hydrogen into methanol by a reduction reaction using a copper-zinc catalyst, for example, under conditions of 250 ° C. or higher and 50 atm or higher.
- the energy cost is high because high temperature and high pressure conditions are required as reaction conditions.
- water generated by the reaction causes a decrease in catalytic activity, there is a problem that a sufficient methanol selectivity cannot be obtained. Therefore, it is desired to develop a technique for a carbon dioxide reduction catalyst that can produce methanol at low cost and obtain a preferable methanol selectivity.
- Patent Document 1 as a catalyst used to produce methanol by the reduction reaction of carbon dioxide, Au-doped Cu is supported on mesoporous silica (NH 2 -SBA-15), Au-Cu -supported mesoporous Techniques relating to catalyst preparation methods are disclosed. However, the technique disclosed in Patent Document 1 has a problem that the methanol selectivity due to the reduction reaction of carbon dioxide is not sufficient.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object of the present invention is to provide a carbon dioxide reduction catalyst which is used in a carbon dioxide reduction reaction and has a high methanol selectivity.
- the present invention relates to a carbon dioxide reduction catalyst which is used when producing methanol by a carbon dioxide reduction reaction, contains Au and Cu as catalyst components, and contains ZnO as a carrier.
- Au is contained in an amount of 2 to 25 mol% in the catalyst component.
- the methanol selectivity due to the reduction of carbon dioxide is 80% or more.
- the present invention also relates to a carbon dioxide reduction method for producing methanol by performing a carbon dioxide reduction reaction under the conditions of 50 bar or less using the carbon dioxide reduction catalyst.
- the present invention also relates to a carbon dioxide reduction method for producing methanol by performing a carbon dioxide reduction reaction under conditions of 240 ° C. or lower using the carbon dioxide reduction catalyst.
- the carbon dioxide reduction catalyst of the present invention has a high methanol selectivity in the carbon dioxide reduction reaction as compared with the prior art.
- the carbon dioxide reduction catalyst according to the present embodiment contains gold (Au) and copper (Cu) as catalyst components, and ZnO as a carrier.
- the carbon dioxide reduction catalyst has a higher methanol selectivity in the carbon dioxide reduction reaction than a conventionally known catalyst, and for example, a methanol selectivity of 80% or more can be obtained.
- the methanol selectivity is the ratio (%) of the amount of substance (mol) of produced methanol to the amount of substance (mol) of carbon dioxide converted by the reduction reaction.
- the carbon dioxide reduction catalyst according to the present embodiment contains gold (Au) and copper (Cu). It is preferable that 2 to 25 mol% of gold (Au) is contained in the catalyst component. When the content ratio of gold (Au) in the catalyst component satisfies the above, a preferable methanol selectivity by the carbon dioxide reduction catalyst can be obtained.
- gold (Au) is more preferably contained in an amount of 4 to 25 mol%, and further preferably contained in an amount of 7 to 25 mol%.
- the catalyst component may contain a catalyst component other than gold (Au) and copper (Cu) as long as the effect of the present invention is not impaired.
- the amount of the catalyst component supported in the catalyst is preferably 0.1 to 10% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 5% by weight, and even more preferably 0.1 to 3% by weight.
- Gold (Au) as a catalyst component is preferably present in the catalyst as fine particles of a single metal.
- the particle size of gold (Au) is preferably 50 nm or less, more preferably 20 nm or less.
- Copper (Cu) as a catalyst component exists in the catalyst as copper oxide, metallic copper, copper-zinc alloy, or copper-gold alloy. Further, in the catalyst component, copper (Cu) is preferably contained in an amount of 30 to 99.9 mol%, more preferably 30 to 99.9 mol%, and even more preferably 75 to 99.9 mol%.
- the content ratio of copper (Cu) and gold (Au) as a catalyst component is preferably Cu: Au of 49: 1 to 1: 3 in terms of substance amount ratio.
- the catalyst component containing gold (Au) and copper (Cu) is dispersed and supported on a carrier containing ZnO.
- a carrier containing ZnO containing ZnO.
- gold (Au) and copper (Cu) are preferably supported together in the same minute region of, for example, 100 nm square, preferably 10 nm square.
- the alloy is formed of gold (Au) and copper (Cu). From the above, a high selectivity of methanol by the carbon dioxide reduction reaction can be obtained.
- the carbon dioxide reduction catalyst according to this embodiment contains ZnO.
- the catalyst component containing gold (Au) and copper (Cu) is supported on a carrier containing ZnO.
- a carrier containing ZnO By containing ZnO as a carrier, the activity of the catalyst component can be improved.
- the crystallite diameter of ZnO as a carrier is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 10 to 60 nm.
- the carrier may contain a carrier other than ZnO as long as the effect of the present invention is not impaired.
- the specific surface area of the carbon dioxide reduction catalyst according to the present embodiment is not particularly limited, but for example, the BET specific surface area is preferably 5 m 2 / g or more, and more preferably 10 m 2 / g or more.
- Examples of the method for producing a carbon dioxide reduction catalyst according to the present embodiment include a firing step of calcining a carrier containing ZnO, a catalyst component supporting step of supporting a catalyst component containing Au and Cu on the carrier, and a hydrogen reduction treatment step. And, including.
- the firing step is a step of firing a carrier containing ZnO.
- the firing temperature can be, for example, 300 ° C. to 500 ° C.
- the firing method is not particularly limited, and firing can be performed in air, for example, using a known firing device.
- the catalyst component supporting step is not particularly limited, and known methods such as a precipitation-precipitation method, a co-precipitation method, a precipitation-reduction method, a vapor phase graphing, and a solid-phase mixing method are exemplified.
- the precipitation-precipitation method will be described as an example.
- the carrier calcined by the calcining step is suspended in water.
- alkali is added to the suspension to adjust the pH to the range of 8-9.
- the gold compound and the copper compound are added to the suspension, and an alkali is further added to adjust the pH to about 7, and the catalyst component is precipitated and precipitated on the carrier.
- the catalyst component is dispersed and immobilized on the surface of the carrier by continuously stirring the suspension for 1 hour or more while adjusting the concentration, pH, and temperature of each component.
- the catalyst component dispersed and immobilized on the surface of the carrier is washed with water and then dried to obtain a precursor of a carbon dioxide reduction catalyst.
- the gold compound used to support the catalyst component on the surface of the carrier by the precipitation-precipitation method is not particularly limited, and is, for example, chloroauric acid (HAuCl 4 ), chloroauric acid salt (for example, NaAuCl 4 ), and the like.
- Gold cyanide (AuCN), potassium gold cyana (K [Au (CN) 2 ]), diethylamine trichloride gold acid ((C 2 H 5 ) 2NH ⁇ AuCl 3 ), ethylenediamine gold complex (eg, chloride complex (eg, chloride complex) Au [C 2 H 4 (NH 2 ) 2 ] 2 Cl 3 )) and dimethyl gold ⁇ -dicenea derivative complex (for example, dimethyl gold acetylacetonate ((CH 3 ) 2 Au [CH 3 COCHCOCH 3 ])), etc.
- Examples include gold salts and gold complexes.
- the copper compound is not particularly limited, but for example, copper nitrate (Cu (NO 3 ) 2 ) is used.
- the gold compound and copper compound are not limited to the above, and salts, complexes and the like soluble in water and organic solvents can be used.
- the alkali for adjusting the pH in the precipitation-precipitation method alkali metal hydroxides, carbonates, alkaline earth metal hydroxides or carbonates, ammonia, urea and the like can be used.
- the temperature of the suspension is preferably 0 to 90 ° C, more preferably 30 to 70 ° C.
- the hydrogen reduction treatment step is performed by treating the precursor obtained in the catalyst component supporting step in the presence of hydrogen.
- the treatment temperature can be set to 300 ° C. to 500 ° C. or higher, and the temperature can be raised to the treatment temperature at 5 ° C./min in a hydrogen and nitrogen stream.
- the processing time can be, for example, 2 hours.
- the catalyst component supported on the carrier is reduced to a metallic state.
- the treatment temperature is preferably, for example, 400 ° C. or higher, and more preferably 500 ° C. or higher. From the above, it is considered that Au and Cu as catalyst components are reduced to form an alloy, and a carbon dioxide reduction catalyst having a high methanol selectivity can be obtained.
- the upper limit of the treatment temperature is not particularly limited, but is preferably 600 ° C. or lower, for example. As a result, the decrease in catalytic activity due to sintering can be suppressed.
- the carbon dioxide reduction method using the carbon dioxide reduction catalyst according to the present embodiment can obtain a high selectivity of methanol, for example, a methanol selectivity of 80% or more.
- CO 2 The reduction reaction of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is represented by the following formulas (1) to (3).
- the reactions represented by the above formulas (1) to (3) are all equilibrium reactions.
- the carbon dioxide reduction method using the carbon dioxide reduction catalyst according to the present embodiment can obtain a high selectivity of methanol even when the carbon dioxide reduction reaction is carried out under the reaction conditions of 50 bar or less.
- the reaction conditions are preferably 40 bar or less, more preferably 20 bar or less, and further preferably 10 bar or less. Further, it may be 5 bar or less. As a result, the energy cost for achieving the reaction conditions can be reduced, and a sufficient methanol selectivity can be obtained.
- the carbon dioxide reduction method using the carbon dioxide reduction catalyst according to the present embodiment can obtain a high selectivity of methanol even when the carbon dioxide reduction reaction is carried out under the reaction conditions of 240 ° C. or lower.
- the reaction conditions are preferably 220 ° C. or lower, more preferably 200 ° C. or lower. As a result, the energy cost for achieving the reaction conditions can be reduced, and a higher methanol selectivity can be obtained.
- Example 1 The carbon dioxide reduction catalyst of Example 1 was prepared by the following method. First, ZnO as a carrier was calcined at 300 ° C. for 2 hours in the presence of air. 50 mL of water was added to 1.0 g of the calcined ZnO to prepare a suspension, and the pH was adjusted to be in the range of 8 to 9 using a 1 M NaOH solution. The liquid temperature was set to 60 ° C. HAuCl 4 and Cu (NO 3 ) 2 were added to the prepared suspension with an Au content of 66 mol%, a Cu content of 34 mol%, and a catalyst loading amount of 1.31% by weight in the catalyst component.
- the pH was adjusted to 7 using a 1M NaOH solution.
- the liquid temperature was maintained at 60 ° C., and the mixture was stirred for 3 hours. Then, it was cooled to room temperature, and the formed precipitate was washed with water (40 ° C.) 5 times.
- hydrogen reduction treatment was performed at 300 ° C. The hydrogen reduction treatment was carried out under a hydrogen and nitrogen stream (H 2 : 10 mL / min, N 2 : 90 mL / mim), and the heating rate was 5 ° C./min.
- Example 2 to 9 and Comparative Example 2 For Examples 2 to 9 and Comparative Example 2, a carbon dioxide reduction catalyst was prepared so as to have the catalyst loading amount, Au content, and Cu content shown in Table 1. The ZnO firing temperature and the hydrogen reduction treatment temperature as the carrier were set to the temperatures shown in Table 1. Except for the above, the carbon dioxide reduction catalysts of Examples 2 to 9 and Comparative Example 2 were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. In Comparative Example 1, a commercially available catalyst (catalyst component: Cu100%, manufactured by Alfer Acer) was used, and similarly, a commercially available catalyst (catalyst component: Cu100%, manufactured by C & CS Co., Ltd.) was used in Comparative Example 3.
- Example 1 the particle size and BET specific surface area of Au as a catalyst component were measured.
- the particle size of Au was measured by determining the particle size distribution by TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) measurement. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the horizontal axis shows the content ratio (mol%) of Au in the catalyst component
- the left vertical axis shows the MeOH and CO production rate (/ ⁇ mol gmetal -1 s -1 )
- the right vertical axis shows.
- the methanol selectivity (%) is shown.
- the dashed line indicates the MeOH selectivity (%)
- the solid line indicates the MeOH production rate
- the alternate long and short dash line indicates the CO production rate (the same applies hereinafter).
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of performing a carbon dioxide reduction reaction under different pressure conditions using the carbon dioxide reduction catalyst of Example 8.
- the temperature condition was 240 ° C.
- the horizontal axis indicates the pressure condition (bar) of the carbon dioxide reduction reaction
- the left vertical axis and the right vertical axis indicate the MeOH and CO production rate and the MeOH selectivity, respectively, as in FIG.
- the test was conducted under pressure conditions of 5 bar, 10 bar, 20 bar, 40 bar, and 50 bar, respectively.
- the carbon dioxide reduction catalyst of the example showed a high MeOH selectivity even when the pressure condition was 50 bar or less, 40 bar or less, 20 bar or less, 10 bar or less, and 5 bar or less.
- FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 show carbon dioxide reduction under different temperature conditions using the carbon dioxide reduction catalysts of Example 8 (FIG. 3), Example 5 (FIG. 4), and Example 9 (FIG. 5), respectively. It is a graph which shows the result of having performed a reaction. The pressure conditions were 50 bar in each case.
- the horizontal axis indicates the reaction temperature (° C.)
- the left vertical axis and the right vertical axis indicate the MeOH and CO production rates and the MeOH selectivity, respectively, as in FIG.
- the carbon dioxide reduction catalyst of the example showed a high MeOH selectivity when the temperature condition was 240 ° C. or lower. In particular, when the temperature condition was 200 ° C. or lower, and further 180 ° C. or lower, a high MeOH selectivity of almost 100% was exhibited.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the results of performing a carbon dioxide reduction reaction using the carbon dioxide reduction catalysts of Example 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 under a pressure condition of 10 bar and a temperature condition of 240 ° C.
- the left vertical axis and the right vertical axis show MeOH, CO generation rate, and MeOH selectivity, respectively, as in FIG. 1.
- the carbon dioxide reduction catalyst of the example has a high MeOH selectivity under a pressure condition of 10 bar and a high MeOH selectivity of 80% or more as compared with the carbon dioxide reduction catalyst of the comparative example. rice field.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the results of performing a carbon dioxide reduction reaction using the carbon dioxide reduction catalysts of Example 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 under a pressure condition of 50 bar and a temperature condition of 240 ° C.
- the left vertical axis and the right vertical axis show MeOH, CO generation rate, and MeOH selectivity, respectively, as in FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the results of the carbon dioxide reduction reaction under a pressure condition of 5 bar and a temperature condition of 240 ° C. as in FIG. 7.
- the left vertical axis and the right vertical axis show MeOH, CO generation rate, and MeOH selectivity, respectively, as in FIG.
- the carbon dioxide reduction catalyst of the example showed a high MeOH selectivity under pressure conditions of 50 bar and 5 bar, respectively, as compared with the carbon dioxide reduction catalyst of the comparative example.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the results of performing a carbon dioxide reduction reaction using the carbon dioxide reduction catalysts of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 under a pressure condition of 40 bar and a temperature condition of 240 ° C.
- the vertical axis represents MeOH selectivity.
- the carbon dioxide reduction catalyst of the example showed a higher MeOH selectivity under a pressure condition of 40 bar and a temperature condition of 240 ° C. as compared with the carbon dioxide reduction catalyst of the comparative example.
- the carbon dioxide reduction catalyst of Example 3 having a hydrogen reduction treatment temperature of 500 ° C. showed a high MeOH selectivity of 80% or more.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the results of performing a carbon dioxide reduction reaction under different pressure conditions using the carbon dioxide reduction catalysts of Examples 4 and 5 at a temperature condition of 240 ° C.
- the horizontal axis represents the pressure condition (bar) of the carbon dioxide reduction reaction
- the vertical axis represents the MeOH selectivity (%).
- the solid line shows the result of using the carbon dioxide reduction catalyst of Example 5
- the broken line shows the result of using the carbon dioxide reduction catalyst of Example 4.
- the carbon dioxide reduction catalyst of the example showed a high MeOH selectivity even under a pressure condition of 50 bar or less.
- the carbon dioxide reduction catalyst of Example 5 having a hydrogen reduction treatment temperature of 500 ° C. showed a high MeOH selectivity even under a pressure condition of 5 bar.
- FIG. 11 is a part of a TEM image of the carbon dioxide reduction catalyst of Example 5.
- FIG. 12 shows the peak intensities of Cu and Au (CuKa, AuKa) measured by TEM-EDS measurement at the portion surrounded by the frame in FIG. 11 and shown in a graph.
- the horizontal axis represents the distance (nm) and the vertical axis represents the peak intensity.
- the solid line indicates the peak intensity of Cu, and the broken line indicates the peak intensity of Au.
- FIG. 13 is a chart showing the results of crystal structure analysis using XRD (X-ray diffraction) using the carbon dioxide reduction catalysts of Examples 1 to 9. The measurement was performed using an X-ray diffractometer (MiniFlex manufactured by Rigaku). As shown in FIG. 13, in the carbon dioxide reduction catalysts of Examples 1 to 9, no peak derived from the metal Au (38.3 °) and a peak derived from the metal Cu (43.3 °) were confirmed. Therefore, it is predicted that Au and Cu are in a highly dispersed state in the carbon dioxide reduction catalysts of Examples 1 to 9.
- the "highly dispersed state” here means that Au and Cu exist as very small crystal particles or amorphous particles of several nanometers or less.
- [Mössbauer spectroscopy] 14 to 17 are charts showing the results of 197 Au Mössbauer spectroscopic measurement of carbon dioxide reduction catalysts of Examples and Comparative Examples. Mössbauer spectroscopy was performed under the following conditions. A powdery sample was placed in a sample cell, and 197 Pt (half-life 18.6 hours, ⁇ -ray energy 77.4 keV) prepared by neutron irradiation in a nuclear reactor was used as the ⁇ -ray source. The temperature at the time of Mössbauer measurement was in the range of -261 to -264 ° C. The measurements were made at the Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute for Nuclear Science. FIG.
- FIG. 14 shows the 197 Au Mössbauer spectrum of gold foil (corresponding to Comparative Example 2) as a standard substance, and the peak position P0 is the position of the velocity (Velocity, mm / s) 0 of FIGS. 15, 16 and 17. bottom.
- Figure 15 shows a 197 Au Mossbauer spectrum of carbon dioxide reduction catalyst of Example 5
- FIG. 16 shows a 197 Au Mossbauer spectrum of carbon dioxide reduction catalyst of Example 8
- FIG. 17 is carbon dioxide reduction of Example 9
- the 197 Au Mössbauer spectrum of the catalyst is shown. Isomer shifts and peak splits from the 197 Au Mössbauer spectrum of the standard material shown in FIG. 14 were performed for FIGS. 15, 16 and 17, and the alloy components were evaluated.
- the carbon dioxide reduction catalyst of Example 5 shown in FIG. 15 has P51 (0.33 mm / s, component area ratio 66.0%, Cu concentration 8%) and P52 (1.97 mm / s, component area ratio 34.0). %, Cu concentration 49%) showed an isomer shift. The Cu concentration was converted from the isomer shift. As a result, if 8% of the atoms around one Au atom are Cu atoms, 66% of Au atoms are present, and 49% of the atoms around one Au atom are Cu atoms, and 34% of Au atoms are present. Can be interpreted. Therefore, the result of alloying Au was shown.
- the carbon dioxide reduction catalysts of Example 9 shown in FIG. 17 are P91 (3.63 mm / s, component area ratio 96.4%, Cu concentration 91%) and P92 (0.99 mm / s, component area ratio 3.6). %, Cu concentration 25%) showed an isomer shift. The Cu concentration was converted from the isomer shift. As a result, there are 96.4% Au atoms in which 91% of the atoms around one Au atom are Cu atoms, and there are 3. Au atoms in which 25% of the atoms around one Au atom are Cu atoms. It can be interpreted as 6% present. Therefore, the result of alloying Au was shown.
- [XAFS measurement] 18 to 21 are charts showing the results of XAFS (X-ray absorption fine structure) analysis when the carbon dioxide reduction catalyst of Example 9 was subjected to hydrogen reduction treatment.
- 18 and 19 show the analysis results of the AuL 3 end
- FIGS. 20 and 21 show the analysis results of the CuK end.
- the XAFS measurement was performed under the following conditions. Measurements were taken at the large-scale radiation facility SPring-8 in Hyogo Prefecture, Industrial Use Beamline II (BL14B2). In the case of the AuL 3- end, the Si (311) plane was used for the spectroscopic crystal, and in the case of the CuK end, the Si (111) plane was used. The AuL 3 and CuK ends were measured by the permeation method, respectively.
- a sample sandwiched between filter papers was packed in a cell having a diameter of about 10 mm and set in a quartz cell for in-situ measurement. After the measurement at room temperature, 10 vol% H 2 / He (20 mL / min) was circulated in the cell, and the measurement was carried out while raising the temperature from room temperature to 500 ° C. at 5 ° C./min. After a certain period of time had passed since the temperature reached 500 ° C., the air was cooled to room temperature, and then the measurement was performed again. For spectrum analysis, Ifefit's Athena, which is analysis software, was used.
- FIG. 18 shows the AuL 3- end XAFS spectra of the carbon dioxide reduction catalyst of Example 9 before and after the hydrogen reduction treatment, and comparative gold foil (Au), gold oxide (Au 2 O 3 ), and Au Cu alloy (Au 7Cu 93). ..
- the horizontal axis represents energy (eV), and the vertical axis represents normalized absorbance (a.u.) (common in FIGS. 19 to 21).
- the carbon dioxide reduction catalyst of Example 9 shows a peak at a position close to gold oxide (Au 2 O 3 ) before the hydrogen reduction treatment, whereas after the hydrogen reduction treatment (500 ° C.), it shows a peak. It was confirmed that the peak was shown at a position close to the AuCu alloy (Au7Cu93). This suggests that the hydrogen reduction catalyst of Example 9 forms an alloy of Au and Cu by the hydrogen reduction treatment.
- FIG. 19 shows the AuL 3- end XAFS spectra of the carbon dioxide reduction catalyst of Example 9 and the comparative gold foil (Au) and gold oxide (Au 2 O 3) at predetermined temperatures before and after the hydrogen reduction treatment and during the hydrogen reduction treatment. Is shown.
- the peak at the position corresponding to gold oxide (Au 2 O 3) starts to decrease under the temperature condition of 105 ° C. or lower, and the temperature condition of 150 ° C. or higher It was confirmed that most of the peak at the position corresponding to gold oxide (Au 2 O 3 ) disappeared and the peak was shifted to the position close to the gold foil (Au).
- Au was reduced in the carbon dioxide reduction catalyst of Example 9 by performing a hydrogen reduction treatment under a temperature condition of 400 ° C. or lower.
- Figure 20 is a carbon dioxide reduction catalyst and of Example 9 before and after the hydrogen reduction treatment, AuCu alloy for comparison (Au7Cu93), copper foil (Cu), copper oxide ((II: Cu K of Cu 2 O): CuO and I
- AuCu alloy for comparison Au7Cu93
- Cu copper foil
- Cu copper oxide
- II copper oxide
- FIG. 20 the carbon dioxide reduction catalyst of Example 9 showed a peak at a position close to copper oxide (II: CuO) before the hydrogen reduction treatment, and it was confirmed that copper was present at a II valence. rice field.
- the hydrogen reduction treatment 500 ° C.
- a peak was exhibited at a position close to the AuCu alloy (Au7Cu93). This suggests that the hydrogen reduction catalyst of Example 9 has an alloy of Au and Cu formed by the hydrogen reduction treatment.
- FIG. 21 shows the CuK-end XAFS spectra of the carbon dioxide reduction catalyst of Example 9 before and after the hydrogen reduction treatment and at predetermined temperatures during the hydrogen reduction treatment.
- T1 to T5 indicate a predetermined holding time after reaching 500 ° C.
- T1 shows a holding time of 5 minutes
- T2 shows a holding time of 10 minutes
- T3 shows a holding time of 15 minutes
- T4 shows a holding time of 20 minutes
- T5 shows a holding time of 25 minutes.
- the carbon dioxide reduction catalyst of Example 9 has a change in which the peak near the absorption edge decreases from the spectrum similar to copper oxide (II: CuO) in FIG. 20 under the temperature condition of 405 ° C. or lower. confirmed.
- HAADF-STEM measurement The carbon dioxide reduction catalysts of Examples 5, 8 and 9 were measured using a high-angle scattering annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscope (HAADF-STEM: High-Angle Anal Dark Field Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope). Each catalyst of Examples 5, 8 and 9 was dispersed in ethanol, added dropwise to a Ni grid for TEM measurement, and then dried to prepare a sample for measurement. For the measurement, Titan G2 60-300 (manufactured by FEI) was used.
- FIG. 22 shows the results of HAADF-STEM of the carbon dioxide reduction catalyst of Example 5
- FIG. 23 shows the results of Example 8
- FIG. 24 shows the results of the carbon dioxide reduction catalyst of Example 9.
- the nanoparticles supported on the ZnO carrier shown in FIGS. 22 to 24 consisted of high-intensity atoms and low-intensity atoms.
- the high-intensity atom in FIGS. 22 to 24 indicates an Au atom
- the low-intensity atom indicates a Cu atom. From the above, it was shown that Au and Cu formed one nanoparticle on the ZnO carrier. Therefore, it is suggested that an alloy of Au and Cu is formed.
- [Durability test] 25 and 26 are graphs showing the results of continuous carbon dioxide reduction reactions using the carbon dioxide reduction catalyst of Example 8 under a pressure condition of 50 bar and a temperature condition of 240 ° C. Then, the changes over time in the MeOH and CO production rates and the MeOH selectivity were measured, and the results are shown in the graphs of FIGS. 25 and 26, respectively.
- the horizontal axis represents the elapsed time (min), and the right vertical axis represents the MeOH selectivity.
- the left vertical axis in FIG. 25 shows the MeOH and CO production rate (/ ⁇ mol gAu -1 s -1 ) with respect to the Au content (g) in the catalyst component.
- the left vertical axis in FIG. 26 shows the MeOH and CO production rate (/ ⁇ mol gAu + Cu -1 s -1 ) with respect to the content (g) of Au and Cu in the catalyst component.
- the carbon dioxide reduction catalyst according to the example shows high stability, and even when the carbon dioxide reduction reaction is continuously carried out for 2000 minutes or more, the activity and the methanol selectivity are lowered. Was not seen.
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Abstract
Description
本実施形態に係る二酸化炭素還元触媒は、金(Au)及び銅(Cu)を触媒成分として含み、担体としてZnOを含む。上記二酸化炭素還元触媒は、従来公知の触媒に比べて、二酸化炭素還元反応におけるメタノール選択率が高く、例えば、80%以上のメタノール選択率が得られる。メタノール選択率は、還元反応により転換された二酸化炭素の物質量(mol)に対する、生成されたメタノールの物質量(mol)を割合(%)で示したものである。
本実施形態に係る二酸化炭素還元触媒の製造方法としては、例えば、ZnOを含む担体を焼成する焼成工程と、Au及びCuを含む触媒成分を担体に担持させる触媒成分担持工程と、水素還元処理工程と、を含む。
本実施形態に係る二酸化炭素還元触媒を用いた二酸化炭素還元方法は、メタノールの高い選択率が得られ、例えば、80%以上のメタノール選択率が得られる。
CO2+3H2⇔CH3OH+H2O (1)
CO2+4H2⇔CH4+2H2O (2)
CO2+H2⇔CO+H2O (3)
[実施例1]
以下の方法により、実施例1の二酸化炭素還元触媒を作製した。まず、担体としてのZnOを空気存在下300℃で2時間焼成した。上記焼成したZnO1.0gに水50mLを加えて懸濁液を作製し、1MNaOH溶液を用いてpHが8~9の範囲内となるように調整した。液温は60℃となるようにした。上記作製した懸濁液に対し、HAuCl4及びCu(NO3)2を、触媒成分中におけるAuの含有量が66mol%、Cuの含有量が34mol%、触媒担持量が1.31重量%となるように添加し、1MNaOH溶液を用いてpHが7となるように調整した。液温は60℃を維持し、3時間撹拌した。その後、室温まで冷却し、生成した沈殿を水(40℃)で5回洗浄した。80℃で一晩乾燥させた後、300℃で水素還元処理を行った。水素還元処理は水素及び窒素気流下(H2:10mL/min、N2:90mL/mim)で行い、昇温速度は5℃/minとした。
実施例2~9、比較例2に関しては、表1に示した触媒担持量、Au含有量、Cu含有量となるように、二酸化炭素還元触媒の調製を行った。担体としてのZnO焼成温度及び水素還元処理温度は、表1に示す温度となるようにした。上記以外は実施例1と同様の方法で実施例2~9、比較例2の二酸化炭素還元触媒の作製を行った。比較例1は、市販の触媒(触媒成分:Cu100%、Alfer Acer社製)を用い、同様に比較例3にも市販の触媒(触媒成分:Cu100%、C&CS社製)を用いた。
[メタノール選択率及びメタノール生成速度]
上記実施例5、6、7、8及び比較例1、2の二酸化炭素還元触媒を用いて二酸化炭素還元反応を行った。反応条件は、反応圧力50bar、反応温度250℃の条件下で行い、メタノール(MeOH)選択率(%)、メタノール(MeOH)及び一酸化炭素(CO)生成速度の測定を行った。なお、MeOH及びCOの生成速度は、触媒に担持された触媒成分(metal)の、単位重量(g)あたりの速度(μmol/s)として算出した。結果を図1のグラフに示す。
図1のグラフ中、横軸は触媒成分中におけるAuの含有割合(mol%)を示し、左縦軸はMeOH及びCO生成速度(/μmol gmetal-1s-1)を示し、右縦軸はメタノール選択率(%)を示す。図1中、破線はMeOH選択率(%)を示し、実線はMeOH生成速度を示し、一点鎖線はCO生成速度を示す(以下同様)。
図2は、実施例8の二酸化炭素還元触媒を用いて異なる圧力条件下で二酸化炭素還元反応を行った結果を示すグラフである。温度条件は、240℃とした。図2のグラフ中、横軸は二酸化炭素還元反応の圧力条件(bar)を示し、左縦軸及び右縦軸は図1と同様、それぞれMeOH及びCO生成速度、MeOH選択率を示す。図2に示すように、圧力条件をそれぞれ、5bar、10bar、20bar、40bar、50barとして試験を行った。
図3、図4、図5は、それぞれ実施例8(図3)、実施例5(図4)、実施例9(図5)の二酸化炭素還元触媒を用い、異なる温度条件下で二酸化炭素還元反応を行った結果を示すグラフである。圧力条件は、いずれも50barとした。図3、図4、図5のグラフ中、横軸は反応温度(℃)を示し、左縦軸及び右縦軸は図1と同様、それぞれMeOH及びCO生成速度、MeOH選択率を示す。
図6は、実施例8及び比較例1~3の二酸化炭素還元触媒を用い、圧力条件を10bar、温度条件を240℃として二酸化炭素還元反応を行った結果を示すグラフである。図6のグラフ中、左縦軸及び右縦軸は図1と同様、それぞれMeOH及びCO生成速度、MeOH選択率を示す。
図7は、実施例8及び比較例1~3の二酸化炭素還元触媒を用い、圧力条件を50bar、温度条件を240℃として二酸化炭素還元反応を行った結果を示すグラフである。図7のグラフ中、左縦軸及び右縦軸は図6と同様、それぞれMeOH及びCO生成速度、MeOH選択率を示す。
図8は、図7と同様に圧力条件を5bar、温度条件を240℃として二酸化炭素還元反応を行った結果を示すグラフである。図8のグラフ中、左縦軸及び右縦軸は図6と同様、それぞれMeOH及びCO生成速度、MeOH選択率を示す。
図9は、実施例1~3及び比較例1、2の二酸化炭素還元触媒を用い、圧力条件を40bar、温度条件を240℃として二酸化炭素還元反応を行った結果を示すグラフである。図9のグラフ中、縦軸はMeOH選択率を示す。
図10は、実施例4及び実施例5の二酸化炭素還元触媒を用い、温度条件を240℃とし、異なる圧力条件下で二酸化炭素還元反応を行った結果を示すグラフである。図10のグラフ中、横軸は二酸化炭素還元反応の圧力条件(bar)を示し、縦軸はMeOH選択率(%)を示す。図8において実線は実施例5の二酸化炭素還元触媒を用いた結果を示し、破線は実施例4の二酸化炭素還元触媒を用いた結果を示す。
透過電子顕微鏡を用い、二酸化炭素還元触媒のTEM(Transmission Electron Microscopy)観察を行った。図11は、実施例5の二酸化炭素還元触媒のTEM画像の一部である。
図12は、図11において枠線で囲まれた箇所においてTEM-EDS測定によりCu及びAuのピーク強度(CuKa、AuKa)を測定し、グラフに示したものである。図12のグラフ中、横軸は距離(nm)を示し、縦軸はピーク強度を示す。図12のグラフ中、実線はCuのピーク強度を示し、破線はAuのピーク強度を示す。
図13は、実施例1~9の二酸化炭素還元触媒を用い、XRD(X線回折)を用いた結晶構造解析を行った結果を示すチャートである。測定は、X線回折装置(Rigaku社製、MiniFlex)を用いて行った。図13に示すように、実施例1~9の二酸化炭素還元触媒において、金属Auに由来するピーク(38.3°)及び金属Cuに由来するピーク(43.3°)は確認されなかった。このため、実施例1~9の二酸化炭素還元触媒において、Au及びCuは高分散状態であることが予測される。なお、ここでいう「高分散状態」とは、Au及びCuが、数ナノメートル以下の非常に小さい結晶粒子又はアモルファスとして存在することを意味する。
図14~図17は、実施例及び比較例の二酸化炭素還元触媒の197Auメスバウアー分光測定結果を示すチャートである。メスバウアー分光測定は以下の条件で行った。粉末状のサンプルをサンプルセルに入れ、γ線源には原子炉での中性子照射により作製した197Pt(半減期18.6時間、γ線エネルギー77.4keV)を用いた.メスバウアー測定時の温度は-261から-264°Cの範囲内であった。測定は京都大学複合原子力科学研究所で行った。
図14は標準物質としての金ホイル(比較例2に相当)の197Auメスバウアースペクトルを示し、ピーク位置P0を図15、図16及び図17の速度(Velocity、mm/s)0の位置とした。図15は実施例5の二酸化炭素還元触媒の197Auメスバウアースペクトルを示し、図16は実施例8の二酸化炭素還元触媒の197Auメスバウアースペクトルを示し、図17は実施例9の二酸化炭素還元触媒の197Auメスバウアースペクトルを示す。図14に示す標準物質の197Auメスバウアースペクトルからのアイソマーシフトとピーク分割を図15、図16及び図17について行い、合金成分の評価を実施した。
図18~図21は、実施例9の二酸化炭素還元触媒を水素還元処理した際の、XAFS(X線吸収微細構造)分析結果を示すチャートである。図18及び図19はAuL3端の分析結果を示し、図20及び図21はCuK端の分析結果を示す。XAFS測定は以下の条件で行った。兵庫県の大型放射光施設SPring-8、産業利用ビームラインII(BL14B2)において測定を行った。AuL3端の場合は分光結晶にSi(311)面を、CuK端の場合はSi(111)面を用いた。AuL3、CuK端についてそれぞれ、透過法で測定を行った。直径約10mmのセルに濾紙で挟んだサンプルを詰め、in-situ測定用石英セルにセットした。室温で測定後、セル内に10vol%H2/He(20mL/min)を流通させ、かつ室温から500℃まで5℃/minで昇温しながら測定を行った。500℃に到達してから一定時間経過後、室温まで空冷してから再度測定を行った。スペクトルの解析には解析ソフトであるIfeffitのAthenaを用いた。
図18に示すように、実施例9の二酸化炭素還元触媒は、水素還元処理前は酸化金(Au2O3)に近い位置にピークを示すのに対し、水素還元処理(500℃)後はAuCu合金(Au7Cu93)に近い位置にピークを示すことが確認された。これにより、実施例9の水素還元触媒は、水素還元処理によりAuとCuの合金が形成されることが示唆される。
図19に示すように、実施例9の二酸化炭素還元触媒は、105℃以下の温度条件で酸化金(Au2O3)に相当する位置のピークが減少を開始し、150℃以上の温度条件で酸化金(Au2O3)に相当する位置のピークの大部分が消失し、金ホイル(Au)に近い位置にピークがシフトしていることが確認された。これにより、実施例9の二酸化炭素還元触媒は、400℃以下の温度条件で水素還元処理を行うことでAuが還元されていることが確認された。
図20に示すように、実施例9の二酸化炭素還元触媒は、水素還元処理前は酸化銅(II:CuO)に近い位置にピークを示し、銅はII価で存在していることが確認された。これに対し、水素還元処理(500℃)後はAuCu合金(Au7Cu93)に近い位置にピークを示すことが確認された。これにより、実施例9の水素還元触媒は、水素還元処理によりAuとCuの合金が形成されていることが示唆される。
図21に示すように、実施例9の二酸化炭素還元触媒は、405℃以下の温度条件で図20における酸化銅(II:CuO)に類似したスペクトルから、吸収端付近のピークが減少する変化が確認された。また、500℃に到達後10分程度で大部分のCu(II)に相当する位置のピークが消失し、銅ホイル(Cu)に近い位置にピークがシフトしていることが確認された。これにより、実施例9の二酸化炭素還元触媒は、400℃以下の温度条件で水素還元処理を行うことでCuが還元されていることが確認された。
実施例5、8、9の二酸化炭素還元触媒を、高角散乱環状暗視野走査透過電子顕微鏡(HAADF-STEM:High-Angle Annular Dark Field Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy)を用いて測定した。実施例5、8、9の各触媒を、エタノールに分散させ、TEM測定用のNiグリッドに滴下後、乾燥させ、測定用のサンプルとした。測定には、Titan G2 60-300(FEI社製)を用いた。
図25及び図26は、実施例8の二酸化炭素還元触媒を用い、圧力条件を50barとし、温度条件を240℃として二酸化炭素還元反応を連続的に行った結果を示すグラフである。そして、それぞれMeOH及びCO生成速度、MeOH選択率の経時変化を測定し、結果を図25及び図26のグラフに示した。図25及び図26のグラフ中、横軸は経過時間(min)を示し、右縦軸はMeOH選択率を示す。図25における左縦軸は触媒成分中におけるAuの含有量(g)に対するMeOH及びCO生成速度(/μmol gAu-1s-1)を示す。図26における左縦軸は触媒成分中におけるAu及びCuの含有量(g)に対するMeOH及びCO生成速度(/μmol gAu+Cu-1s-1)を示す。
Claims (5)
- 二酸化炭素の還元反応によりメタノールを生成する際に用いられ、
触媒成分としてAu及びCuを含み、担体としてZnOを含む、二酸化炭素還元触媒。 - 前記触媒成分中において、前記Auは2~25mol%含まれる、請求項1に記載の二酸化炭素還元触媒。
- 二酸化炭素の還元によるメタノール選択率が80%以上である、請求項1又は2に記載の二酸化炭素還元触媒。
- 請求項1~3いずれかに記載の二酸化炭素還元触媒を用い、50bar以下の条件で二酸化炭素の還元反応を行い、メタノールを生成する二酸化炭素還元方法。
- 請求項1~3いずれかに記載の二酸化炭素還元触媒を用い、240℃以下の条件で二酸化炭素の還元反応を行い、メタノールを生成する二酸化炭素還元方法。
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CN114672835B (zh) * | 2022-03-22 | 2023-06-20 | 华南理工大学 | 一种泡沫铜上原位生长的铜纳米线及其制备与在电催化合成尿素中的应用 |
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