WO2021212332A1 - 一种超吸水性聚合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种超吸水性聚合物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2021212332A1
WO2021212332A1 PCT/CN2020/085954 CN2020085954W WO2021212332A1 WO 2021212332 A1 WO2021212332 A1 WO 2021212332A1 CN 2020085954 W CN2020085954 W CN 2020085954W WO 2021212332 A1 WO2021212332 A1 WO 2021212332A1
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acid
salt
weight
preparation
polymer
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王晓
纪学顺
刘懿平
丁明强
王刚
赵帅
赵镇
田云
马磊
贾海东
孙家宽
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万华化学集团股份有限公司
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J3/00Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
    • C08J3/12Powdering or granulating
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J3/00Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
    • C08J3/24Crosslinking, e.g. vulcanising, of macromolecules
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L33/00Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L33/02Homopolymers or copolymers of acids; Metal or ammonium salts thereof

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a super absorbent polymer, in particular to a super absorbent polymer with improved properties and a preparation method thereof.
  • the water-absorbing polymer is a cross-linked, partially neutralized polymer, including cross-linked polyacrylic acid or cross-linked starch-acrylic acid graft polymer.
  • superabsorbent polymer it can absorb a large amount of aqueous liquid and body fluid under the condition of swelling and forming a hydrogel, and can maintain the aqueous liquid under a certain pressure.
  • Superabsorbent polymers SAP, Superabsorbent Polymers
  • the granular polymer powder can be surface cross-linked, surface treatment and other post-treatments to form a granular super absorbent polymer with more balanced and excellent properties.
  • the main use of superabsorbent polymers and particulate superabsorbent polymers is in sanitary products, such as baby diapers, incontinence products or sanitary napkins.
  • the superabsorbent polymer used as an absorbent must have a sufficiently high absorption capacity and a sufficiently high pressurization.
  • the absorbent capacity needs to be high enough to enable the superabsorbent polymer to absorb large amounts of aqueous body fluids encountered during the use of the absorbent article.
  • the liquid permeability determines the diffusibility of the liquid in the super absorbent polymer, increases the effective use ratio of the absorbent polymer in the absorbent product, and reduces the occurrence of gel clogging.
  • the currently commonly used method is to add silica or metal oxides such as alumina and titanium oxide to the water-absorbent polymer particles.
  • silica or metal oxides such as alumina and titanium oxide
  • the addition of inorganic particles can better improve the liquid permeability of superabsorbent polymer products, it will also cause a decrease in the liquid absorption rate, especially the absorption rate under pressure. The amount of liquid and the effect are affected.
  • Patent document CN 107406595 A discloses a method of preparing SAP particles by two surface cross-linking and different cross-linking agents used in the two surface cross-linking. The inventor aims to achieve a multi-shell structure through two cross-linking to improve the problem of resin agglomeration.
  • the patent document CN 107428948 A discloses a method for preparing SAP particles by surface cross-linking by different methods. Three methods can be used for surface cross-linking treatment using polyhydric alcohol, polyvalent metal salt, and polyglycidyl ether; All of the surface crosslinking agents contain the structure of EO segment, the molecular chain is soft, and may be degraded during the high-temperature baking reaction stage, resulting in a decrease in the overall performance of the SAP particles.
  • the SAP resin of sanitary products needs low monomer residue rate, low long-term reverse osmosis, low extractable content and other properties, such as water retention rate, pressurized liquid absorption rate, liquid flow rate and other properties. .
  • the process formula in the polymerization process plays a vital role in the entire resin structure. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct in-depth research on the process formula.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a superabsorbent polymer and a preparation method thereof, aiming at the existing problem of improving the pressure performance, water retention and liquid permeability of the superabsorbent polymer.
  • the main chain structure of the superabsorbent polymer changes, which can effectively improve the pressure absorption rate and water retention rate of the SAP resin, while effectively improving its liquid permeability.
  • a super absorbent polymer in one aspect, the raw materials of the polymerization reaction include the following components:
  • the concentration of ethylenically unsaturated monomer and/or its salt containing carboxyl group in the polymerization aqueous solution is greater than or equal to 20wt% and less than or equal to 35wt% (for example, 32wt%, 25wt%, 22wt%), preferably greater than or equal to 20wt% And less than or equal to 30wt%;
  • the reduced transition metal salt containing d orbital, the content in the polymerization aqueous solution is 5-1000ppm (for example, 10ppm, 20ppm, 50ppm, 100ppm, 300ppm, 800ppm), preferably 10-500ppm;
  • the amount is 0.01wt%-4wt% of the weight of component a) (for example, 0.03wt%, 0.08wt%, 0.1wt%, 0.5wt%, 1.0wt%, 1.5 wt%, 3.0wt%), preferably 0.05wt%-2wt%;
  • component a) oxidizing agent, in an amount of 0.005% to 5% by weight of component a) (for example, 0.008%, 0.02%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.4%, 1.0%, 3.0%) by weight, Preferably 0.01wt%-0.5wt%;
  • the amount used is 0.005wt%-5wt% of the weight of component a) (for example, 0.008wt%, 0.02wt%, 0.05wt%, 0.1wt%, 0.4wt%, 1.0wt%, 3.0wt%) , Preferably 0.01wt%-0.5wt%;
  • the carboxylic acid neutralization degree of the polymer in the colloidal particles obtained is 50-80 mol% (for example, 55 mol%, 60 mol%, 70 mol%); the colloidal particles are converted into polymers Particles, and the proportion of polymer particles with a particle size of 150-700 microns (for example, 155 microns, 200 microns, 400 microns, 600 microns) is greater than or equal to 92 wt%;
  • the surface of the polymer particles ie, polymer raw powder
  • the surface of the polymer particles is treated with the following treatments:
  • 0-2wt% (for example, 0.05wt%, 0.1wt%, 0.5wt%, 1wt%, 1.5wt%) of insoluble inorganic powder is added after surface crosslinking.
  • the d-orbital-containing reduced transition metal salt contains cations selected from Fe 2+ , Cu + , Cr 3+ , Mn 2+ , Co 2+ , Nb 2+ , V 2+ One or more of, Rh 2+ , Ni 2+ , Pd 2+ , Ru 2+ , Zr 2+ , Ti 2+ , Pa 3+ and Mo 2+ , containing anions selected from halogen ions, nitrates, One or more of sulfate, sulfite, carbonate, bicarbonate, phosphate, chlorate and permanganate.
  • the reduced transition metal salt containing d orbital is selected from FeSO 4 , CuCl, MnCl 2 , FeCl 2 , Co(NO 3 ) 2 , PdCl 2 and MnSO 4, one or more, preferably selected from FeSO 4, FeCl 2, Co ( NO 3) 2 PdCl 2, and one or more, more preferably from FeSO 4 and / or Co (NO 3) 2 .
  • the ethylenically unsaturated monomer containing a carboxyl group and/or its salt means a salt of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer containing a carboxyl group and/or an ethylenically unsaturated monomer containing a carboxyl group.
  • the salt here may be an alkali metal salt (for example, a sodium salt or potassium salt) of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer containing a carboxyl group.
  • the ethylenically unsaturated monomer containing a carboxyl group is selected from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ethacrylic acid, ⁇ -chloroacrylic acid, ⁇ -cyanoacrylic acid, ⁇ -methacrylic acid (crotonic acid), ⁇ - Phenyl acrylic acid, ⁇ -acryloxy propionic acid, sorbic acid, ⁇ -chlorosorbic acid, 2'-methylisocrotonic acid, cinnamic acid, p-chlorocinnamic acid, ⁇ -stearic acid, itaconic acid, citrine
  • aconic acid, mesaconic acid, glutaconic acid, aconitic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tricarboxyethylene and maleic anhydride preferably selected from acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid, More preferably, it is acrylic acid.
  • the internal crosslinking agent is selected from ethylene glycol diacrylate, propylene glycol diacrylate, N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, polypropylene glycol diacrylate, One of pentaerythritol triallyl ether, ethoxylated glycerol triacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, triallylamine, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, and dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate Or multiple.
  • the oxidant is peroxide, preferably one or more selected from sodium persulfate, hydrogen peroxide, potassium persulfate and ammonium persulfate, more preferably hydrogen peroxide.
  • the reducing agent is selected from one or more of ascorbic acid, ammonium bisulfite, ammonium thiosulfate, ammonium dithionite, ammonium sulfide, and sodium hydroxymethyl sulfoxylate, preferably ascorbic acid.
  • the insoluble inorganic powder is selected from silicon dioxide, silica, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, talc, calcium phosphate, clay, diatomaceous earth, zeolite, bentonite, kaolin, hydrotalcite, and activated clay
  • silica for example, fumed silica and/or precipitated silica
  • the surface crosslinking agent is selected from one or more of polyol compounds, epoxy compounds, amine compounds, and metal inorganic salts.
  • the polyol compound is selected from ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, 1,4-butanediol or pentaerythritol.
  • the epoxy compound is selected from (poly)ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether, ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate.
  • the amine compound is selected from tris or carbodiimide.
  • the metal inorganic salt is selected from an inorganic salt of calcium, an inorganic salt of magnesium, an inorganic salt of aluminum, an inorganic salt of iron, an inorganic salt of copper, or an inorganic salt of zinc.
  • the raw material for the polymerization reaction further includes: h) at least one thermal initiator, and the thermal initiator is an azo initiator.
  • the thermal initiator is selected from azobisisobutyronitrile, azobiscyanovaleric acid, azobisdimethylvaleronitrile, 2,2'-azobis(2-amidino Propane) dihydrochloride, azobisamidinopropane dihydrochloride, 2,2'-azobis(N,N-dimethylisobutamidine) dihydrochloride, 2-(carbamoyl One or more of azo)isobutyronitrile and 4,4-azobis(4-cyanovaleric acid).
  • the amount of the thermal initiator is 0.005wt%-1wt% (for example, 0.008wt%, 0.02wt%, 0.05wt%, 0.1wt%, 0.4wt%, 0.8wt% of the weight of component a) ), preferably 0.01 wt% to 0.2 wt%.
  • the super absorbent polymer has a liquid absorption rate of 60-70 g/g, a centrifugal water retention rate of 35-40 g/g, and a 0.7 psi pressurized liquid absorption rate It is 20-26g/g, the liquid absorption rate is 25-40s, the liquid flow rate (GBP) is greater than or equal to 30 Darcy, the content of residual monomers is less than or equal to 400ppm, and the content of extractables is less than or equal to 5wt%.
  • the carboxyl-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer and/or its salt, and the reduced state containing d orbital will be transitioned
  • the metal salt, the oxidant, the reducing agent and the internal crosslinking agent containing the double bond compound are contacted to initiate the polymerization reaction to obtain the hydrogel; the hydrogel is crushed and extruded and then contacted with the neutralizing agent for neutralization reaction to obtain the colloid Particles; After the colloidal particles are dried, ground and sieved, they are subjected to surface cross-linking treatment by contacting with a surface cross-linking agent to obtain a super absorbent polymer (SAP) resin.
  • SAP super absorbent polymer
  • the d-orbital-containing reduced transition metal salt contains cations selected from Fe 2+ , Cu + , Cr 3+ , Mn 2+ , Co 2+ , Nb 2+ , V 2+ One or more of, Rh 2+ , Ni 2+ , Pd 2+ , Ru 2+ , Zr 2+ , Ti 2+ , Pa 3+ and Mo 2+ , containing anions selected from halogen ions (for example, chlorine Ion, bromide), nitrate, sulfate, sulfite, carbonate, bicarbonate, phosphate, chlorate, and permanganate.
  • halogen ions for example, chlorine Ion, bromide
  • the reduced transition metal salt containing d orbital is selected from one or more of FeSO 4 , CuCl, MnCl 2 , FeCl 2 , Co(NO 3 ) 2 , PdCl 2 and MnSO 4, preferably It is selected from one or more of FeSO 4 , FeCl 2 , Co(NO 3 ) 2 and PdCl 2 , and is more preferably selected from FeSO 4 and/or Co(NO 3 ) 2 .
  • the reduced transition metal salt containing the d orbital has a certain reducibility, that is, the metal ion therein has the ability to change valence and is in its low valence state.
  • the key point of the present invention is that the transition metal salt containing d orbital is added in the polymerization reaction stage, and the metal salt is in the low valence state of its metamorphic state, that is, the metal salt has a certain reducibility. From the experimental results, the inventor speculates that the polymer structure in the system has changed as shown in Figure 1:
  • adding a small amount of reduced transition metal salt in the polymerization stage may cause the polymer in the system to form more branched structures, contain more neutralizing ions inside the SAP particles, and form a more favorable osmotic pressure and hydration environment. Thereby, it can ensure the higher pressurization rate and better water retention rate of SAP particles, and at the same time have a high liquid flow rate.
  • the polymerization reaction is aqueous solution polymerization.
  • the initial temperature of the aqueous polymerization reaction does not exceed 20°C. After the initial temperature of the system is greater than 25°C, there will be more branching and chain transfer reactions, which may lead to an increase in the content of extracts in the polymerization reaction.
  • the system is deoxygenated with nitrogen before the start of the reaction, which is conducive to the initiation of the monomers.
  • the carboxyl-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer and/or the salt of the carboxyl-containing ethylenic unsaturated monomer may participate in the polymerization reaction.
  • the salt of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer containing a carboxyl group participates in the polymerization reaction, it is necessary to neutralize the ethylenically unsaturated monomer containing a carboxyl group with a basic substance before the polymerization reaction (it can be called a pre-neutralization reaction).
  • a salt of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer containing a carboxyl group To obtain a salt of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer containing a carboxyl group, and then proceed with the polymerization reaction.
  • the alkaline substance here may be the same as the neutralizing agent used for neutralizing the hydrogel (which may be called a post-neutralization reaction), for example, it may be sodium hydroxide or potassium hydrox
  • the concentration of the ethylenically unsaturated monomer containing the carboxyl group and/or its salt in the polymerization aqueous solution can be appropriately controlled, and the concentration is generally 20-35 wt%.
  • the concentration continues to decrease, the heat of reaction is insufficient and the temperature of the system is not obvious, which may cause insufficient reaction and higher residual monomers.
  • the concentration of monomers involved in the polymerization in the system is too high, the temperature during the polymerization process will rise and the temperature will exceed the boiling point of water, which is not conducive to the control of the polymerization reaction.
  • the concentration of the carboxyl-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer and/or its salt in the polymerization aqueous solution is greater than or equal to 20wt% and less than or equal to 35wt% (for example, 32wt%, 25wt%, 22wt%), preferably greater than Equal to 20wt% and less than or equal to 30wt%.
  • the content of the reduced transition metal salt containing d orbital in the polymerization aqueous solution is 5-1000 ppm (for example, 10 ppm, 20 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 300 ppm, 800 ppm), preferably 10-500 ppm.
  • the amount of the internal crosslinking agent containing double bond compound is 0.01 wt% to 4 wt% (for example, 0.03 wt%, 0.08 wt% wt%, 0.1 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 1.0 wt%, 1.5 wt%, 3.0 wt%), preferably 0.05 wt% to 2 wt%.
  • an oxidation-reduction initiator is also included.
  • the amount of the oxidizing agent is 0.005% to 5% by weight (for example, 0.008% by weight, 0.02% by weight, 0.05% by weight, 0.1% by weight).
  • the reducing agent is used in an amount of 0.005% to 5% by weight (for example, 0.008%, 0.02%, 0.05%, 0.1wt%, 0.4wt%, 1.0wt%, 3.0wt%), preferably 0.01wt%-0.5wt%.
  • the polymerization reaction can be understood as: the temperature of the system is increased after the induction period is completed by keeping the temperature in an ice bath at the beginning, and the polymerization starts at this time, and the temperature does not exceed 20°C.
  • the subsequent polymerization reaction exotherms, and the temperature of the system is increased to 70-90°C, and then the temperature is kept at this temperature for several hours to proceed with the reaction.
  • the polymer hydrogel can be matured and kept for a period of time after the temperature rise of the polymerization process is finished.
  • the temperature for aging and holding is 85-95°C
  • the time for aging and holding is 4-8 hours.
  • the obtained hydrogel needs to be neutralized, so that the degree of neutralization of the carboxylic acid of the polymer can be controlled within a suitable range.
  • the carboxylic acid neutralization of the polymer is too low, which will cause the resulting gel to be sticky, which is not conducive to subsequent processing; the carboxylic acid neutralization of the polymer is too high, which will increase the pH of the SAP resin, which may cause human skin when used Security issues.
  • the carboxylic acid neutralization degree of the polymer in the obtained colloidal particles is 50-80 mol% (for example, 55 mol%, 60 mol%, 70 mol%).
  • super absorbent polymer (SAP) particles can be obtained; then the surface of the colloidal particles is subjected to surface cross-linking treatment.
  • the amount of surface crosslinking agent applied to the surface of the dried superabsorbent polymer (SAP) particles is 0.5-5wt% (for example, 0.8wt% , 1wt%, 2wt%, 3wt%, 4wt%).
  • the ethylenically unsaturated monomer containing a carboxyl group is selected from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ethacrylic acid, ⁇ -chloroacrylic acid, ⁇ -cyanoacrylic acid, ⁇ -methyl Acrylic acid (crotonic acid), ⁇ -phenylacrylic acid, ⁇ -acryloxypropionic acid, sorbic acid, ⁇ -chlorosorbic acid, 2'-methylisocrotonic acid, cinnamic acid, p-chlorocinnamic acid, ⁇ -hard
  • One or more of fatty acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid, mesaconic acid, glutaconic acid, aconitic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tricarboxyethylene and maleic anhydride preferably selected from Acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid, more preferably acrylic acid.
  • the internal crosslinking agent is selected from ethylene glycol diacrylate, propylene glycol diacrylate, N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, polypropylene glycol diacrylate, One of pentaerythritol triallyl ether, ethoxylated glycerol triacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, triallylamine, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, and dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate Or multiple.
  • the oxidant is peroxide.
  • the oxidizing agent is selected from one or more of sodium persulfate, hydrogen peroxide, potassium persulfate and ammonium persulfate, more preferably hydrogen peroxide.
  • the reducing agent is selected from one or more of ascorbic acid, ammonium bisulfite, ammonium thiosulfate, ammonium dithionite, ammonium sulfide, and sodium hydroxymethyl sulfoxylate, preferably ascorbic acid.
  • the neutralizer is an aqueous solution of a basic compound with a concentration of 30-60% by weight, preferably 40-50% by weight.
  • the basic compound is selected from one or more of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate, and more preferably sodium hydroxide.
  • the surface crosslinking agent is selected from one or more of polyol compounds, epoxy compounds, amine compounds, and metal inorganic salts.
  • the polyol compound is selected from ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, 1,4-butanediol or pentaerythritol.
  • the epoxy compound is selected from (poly)ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether, ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate.
  • the amine compound is selected from tris or carbodiimide.
  • the metal inorganic salt is selected from an inorganic salt of calcium, an inorganic salt of magnesium, an inorganic salt of aluminum, an inorganic salt of iron, an inorganic salt of copper, or an inorganic salt of zinc.
  • the colloidal particles obtained after neutralization are extruded and crushed to obtain small-sized colloidal particles. Because the water content of the colloidal particles is relatively high, further drying treatment is required before this. According to the preparation method provided by the present invention, in some examples, the colloidal particles are dried at a temperature of 100-240°C (for example, 150°C, 180°C, 200°C, 220°C). The drying process can be achieved by using a device well known in the art, for example, an oven for blast drying.
  • the size of the obtained SAP particles can be controlled.
  • the size here can be understood as the particle size of the particles.
  • sieving When sieving, select a sieve of the required size for sieving, and control the proportion of particles that are too large and too small. For example, sieving with a particle size of 150 ⁇ m and 700 ⁇ m can achieve the size of most SAP particles in the range of 150-700 microns; among them, the proportion of superabsorbent polymer (SAP) particles with a size of ⁇ 150 microns The proportion of super absorbent polymer (SAP) particles with a size greater than 700 microns does not exceed 3 wt% and does not exceed 5 wt%.
  • the colloidal particles are further ground and sieved to control the size of the superabsorbent polymer (SAP) particles; wherein the particle size is 150-700 microns (for example, 180 microns, 250 microns, 250 microns).
  • the SAP particles obtained after sieving can be referred to herein as raw polymer powder.
  • the surface of the superabsorbent polymer (SAP) particles obtained by sieving can also be subjected to surface cross-linking treatment.
  • the process conditions of the surface cross-linking treatment include: a reaction temperature of 50-150°C (for example, 70°C, 100°C, 120°C), preferably 80-130°C; a reaction time of 0.5h-3h ( For example, 0.8h, 1.5h, 2.5h), preferably 1h-2h.
  • some water-insoluble inorganic powders are generally added to prevent adhesion during mass production.
  • 0-2wt% for example, 0.05wt%, 0.1wt%, 0.5wt%, 1wt%, 1.5wt% are added after the surface crosslinking treatment. %) of insoluble inorganic powder.
  • the insoluble inorganic powder is selected from silicon dioxide, silica, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, talc, calcium phosphate, clay, diatomaceous earth, zeolite, bentonite, kaolin, hydrotalcite, and activated clay
  • silica for example, fumed silica and/or precipitated silica
  • a thermal initiator can also be used in the polymerization process. Adding a thermal initiator to the system can continue to consume the remaining monomers in the system at the later stage of the polymerization temperature rise. According to the preparation method provided by the present invention, in some examples, at least one thermal initiator is added during the polymerization reaction.
  • the thermal initiator is an azo initiator, preferably selected from azobisisobutyronitrile, azobiscyanovaleric acid, azobisdimethylvaleronitrile, 2,2'-azo Bis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, azobisamidinopropane dihydrochloride, 2,2'-azobis(N,N-dimethylisobutamidine) dihydrochloride, One or more of 2-(carbamoylazo)isobutyronitrile and 4,4-azobis(4-cyanovaleric acid).
  • azo initiator preferably selected from azobisisobutyronitrile, azobiscyanovaleric acid, azobisdimethylvaleronitrile, 2,2'-azo Bis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, azobisamidinopropane dihydrochloride, 2,2'-azobis(N,N-dimethylisobutamidine) dihydrochloride, One or more of 2-
  • the amount of the thermal initiator is 0.005wt%-1wt% (for example, 0.008wt%, 0.02wt%, 0.05 wt%, 0.1 wt%, 0.4 wt%, 0.8 wt%), preferably 0.01 wt% to 0.2 wt%.
  • SAP resin particles obtained by the preparation method of the present invention have obvious performance improvement effects: SAP resin particles have high water retention rate and high pressure absorption under the premise of less residual monomers and extractables. Liquid rate, and its liquid rate has been improved.
  • the polymerization stage By adding a small amount of reduced transition metal salt in the polymerization stage to interact with the oxidation-reduction initiation system, it is speculated that more branched structures may be formed in the polymer molecules, which makes more neutralization in the SAP particles.
  • the ions form a more favorable osmotic pressure and hydration environment, thereby ensuring that the prepared SAP particles have higher pressure and water retention, and at the same time have better liquid permeability.
  • the content of extractables and residual monomers in the obtained SAP particles is low.
  • Figure 1 shows the predicted changes in the structure of the material in the system before and after the reduced transition metal salt is added in the polymerization reaction.
  • Acrylic acid purchased from Yantai Wanhua Chemical, with a purity of over 99.5%;
  • Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 solution), purchased from Sinopharm, an aqueous solution with a concentration of 30% by weight;
  • Ascorbic acid purchased from Sigma, with a purity of over 99%;
  • Pentaerythritol triallyl ether purchased from Dasso, Japan, with a purity of over 80%;
  • Polyethylene glycol diacrylate purchased from Changxing Materials, with a purity of over 95%;
  • Cobalt nitrate purchased from Sinopharm, with a purity of over 99%;
  • the equipment used for the test is: (1) A plastic cylinder with an inner diameter of 60mm with openings at both ends, one end of which is fixed with a 200-mesh nylon mesh; (2) A plastic piston with an outer diameter slightly less than 59mm, which can be tightly connected with the above-mentioned plastic cylinder. It can move up and down freely; (3) a round weight with a weight of 1340g; (4) a glass dish with a perforated plate inside, so that the plastic cylinder can be placed on the perforated plate without touching the bottom of the glass dish. It can absorb water freely.
  • a 100 ml beaker was used to weigh 50 g of physiological saline at a temperature of 23° C., and then a magnetic rod was added to the beaker, and the beaker was placed on a magnetic stirrer for stirring at a rotation speed of 600 rpm. Accurately weigh 2.0g of the test sample, and pour it all into the vortex at one time. After the input, the timing starts, and the vortex in the middle gradually becomes smaller as the test sample absorbs the physiological saline. Stop timing until the vortex disappears and the liquid surface reaches the level, and the measured time is the liquid absorption rate of the test sample.
  • Q is the liquid flow rate in g/s
  • H is the height of the gel layer in cm
  • A is the area of the gel layer in cm 2 , the inner diameter of the plexiglass cylinder is 6 cm, and the area of the gel layer is 28.27 cm 2 ;
  • P is the hydrostatic pressure
  • the unit is dyne/cm 2
  • P ⁇ gh
  • h is the height of the liquid level 4cm
  • the hydrostatic pressure is 3924 dyne/cm 2 ;
  • is the density of the liquid in g/cm 3
  • the density of physiological saline is calculated as 1 g/cm 3 .
  • DN(%) 100-(([NaOH]-[bNaOH]) ⁇ c(NaOH)*100)/(([HCl]-[bHCl]) ⁇ c(HCl));
  • Extractable matter content (([HCl]-[bHCl])xc(HCl) ⁇ Mwx2)/5.
  • the preparation method of super absorbent polymer includes the following steps:
  • the hydrogel-like polymer was crushed and extruded using a pelletizing auger, and then 270g of a 50wt% NaOH aqueous solution was added for neutralization, so that about 74mol% of the carboxyl groups in the polymer of the resulting colloidal particles were neutralized into Carboxylic acid sodium salt; use a blast drying oven (purchased from the high-speed rail company), set the temperature to 180 °C, blast dry the neutralized colloidal particles, and the drying time lasts for 40 minutes; the dried colloidal particles are crushed Crushed by a machine or a wall-breaking machine (purchased from Midea) and sieved with a screen to a particle size in the range of 150-700 microns to obtain SAP particles; SAP particles without surface cross-linking are defined as raw polymer powder (1).
  • the prepared polymer powder (1) atomize a mixture made of 0.1g ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, 1.4g 1,2-propylene glycol, and 6g deionized water, and spray it evenly on the polymerizer.
  • the surface of the raw material powder (1) is fluidized and continuously mixed with polymer particles in the air. Then place it in a high-temperature blast oven and heat it at 110°C for 1.5 hours for surface cross-linking treatment. Cool the polymer particles after the surface crosslinking treatment to below 40°C, and then atomize and spray 2g of the 20% aluminum sulfate aqueous solution onto the polymer particles after the surface crosslinking treatment, and at the same time, the polymer particles Fluidized in air and continuously mixed. Then, the processed polymer particles are sieved with a standard sieve of the required mesh to obtain a target product with a particle size distribution of 150-710 ⁇ m.
  • the mass of deionized water added is 550g (in the polymerization aqueous solution, the monomer concentration is 29.7%, and the content of the reduced transition metal salt is 22ppm), and the mass of ascorbic acid solution A containing ferrous sulfate is 5g. ;
  • the obtained SAP particles without surface crosslinking are defined as polymer raw powder (2).
  • the mass of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether added was 1 g.
  • the ascorbic acid solution B containing ferrous sulfate is added in an amount of 6 g (in the polymerization aqueous solution, the content of the reduced transition metal salt is 250 ppm);
  • the resulting SAP particles without surface crosslinking are defined as polymer raw powder (3).
  • Example 1 for the surface cross-linking treatment stage of the polymer raw powder (3).
  • the mass of the 32wt% aqueous caustic soda solution added is 421g;
  • the temperature for drying the colloid is 210°C, and the drying time is 1h.
  • the resulting SAP particles without surface crosslinking are defined as polymer raw powder (4).
  • Example 1 for the surface cross-linking treatment stage of the polymer raw powder (4).
  • the ascorbic acid solution C containing ferrous sulfate was added, and the addition amount was 4g (in the polymerization aqueous solution, the content of the reduced transition metal salt was 17ppm); the mass of the added H 2 O 2 solution was 1.5g, and The mass of 2,2'-azobis(N,N-dimethylene isobutamidine) dihydrochloride solution is 1g;
  • the mass of a caustic soda aqueous solution with a concentration of 50 wt% was 294 g, so that 80 mol% of the carboxyl groups in the polymer of the obtained colloidal particles were neutralized into a sodium carboxylate (the degree of neutralization was 80%).
  • the resulting SAP particles without surface crosslinking are defined as polymer raw powder (5).
  • Example 1 for the surface crosslinking treatment stage of the polymer raw powder (5).
  • the ascorbic acid solution B containing ferrous sulfate is added, and the addition amount is 5g (in the polymerization aqueous solution, the content of the reduced transition metal salt is 208ppm); 1.6g polyethylene glycol diacrylate is replaced by 1.2g Mixture of pentaerythritol triallyl ether and 1.2g polyethylene glycol diacrylate;
  • the surface cross-linking treatment time is 1h and the temperature is 130°C.
  • the obtained SAP particles without surface crosslinking are defined as polymer raw powder (6).
  • Example 1 for the surface crosslinking treatment stage of the polymer raw powder (6). And after the surface cross-linking treatment is finished, add 0.05 g of silicon powder and mix well.
  • the ascorbic acid solution B containing ferrous sulfate was added, and the added amount was 24g (in the polymerization aqueous solution, the content of the reduced transition metal salt was 985ppm); 1.6g polyethylene glycol diacrylate was replaced by 0.8g Mixture of pentaerythritol triallyl ether and 0.7g polyethylene glycol diacrylate;
  • the obtained SAP particles without surface crosslinking are defined as polymer raw powder (7).
  • the surface cross-linking treatment time is 1 h and the temperature is 120°C.
  • Example 1 For the preparation method of superabsorbent polymer, refer to Example 1 for the operation steps, except that: in the polymerization stage, ascorbic acid solution E that does not contain reduced transition metal salt is added.
  • Example 1 For the preparation method of superabsorbent polymer, refer to Example 1 for the operation steps. The difference is: in the polymerization stage, the mass of ascorbic acid solution B containing reduced transition metal salt is 50g (in the polymerization aqueous solution, the reduced transition metal salt The content of the metal salt is 2000 ppm).
  • Example 1 For the preparation method of superabsorbent polymer, refer to Example 1 for the operation steps. The difference is: in the polymerization stage, ascorbic acid solution F containing FeCl 3 is added, and the addition amount is 4g (in the polymer aqueous solution, the oxidation state transition The content of the metal salt is 100 ppm), and the polymerization reaction cannot be initiated.
  • the SAP resin prepared therefrom when the reduced transition metal salt is added in the polymerization stage, the SAP resin prepared therefrom has high pressure absorption rate, centrifugal water retention rate and liquid flow rate. Compared with the product obtained in the comparative example, the SAP resin obtained in each example can achieve higher water retention, and the liquid permeability is also greatly improved.
  • Comparative Example 1 when the reduced transition metal salt is not added in the polymerization reaction stage, the product obtained can maintain a higher liquid absorption rate, but its centrifugal water retention rate, pressurized liquid absorption rate, and liquid flow rate are all different. ideal.
  • Comparative Example 2 when too much reduced transition metal salt is added to the polymerization system, the initiation efficiency will be too high, the molecular chain of the polymer will be shortened, the content of extractables therein will increase significantly, and the residual monomer The body content also increased.

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Abstract

一种超吸水性聚合物及其制备方法,该制备方法包括:在≤20℃下,将含有羧基的烯属不饱和单体和/或其盐、含d轨道的还原态过渡金属盐、氧化剂、还原剂和含有双键化合物的内交联剂接触引发聚合反应,得到水凝胶;将所述水凝胶破碎挤压后与中和剂接触进行中和反应,制得胶体粒子;所述胶体粒子经干燥、研磨后,通过与表面交联剂接触进行表面交联处理,得到超吸水性聚合物(SAP)树脂。该制备方法能够使所得超吸水性聚合物的主链结构发生变化,在有效提升SAP树脂的加压性能和保水性的同时,可改善其通液性能。

Description

一种超吸水性聚合物及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及超吸水性聚合物,尤其涉及一种性能得到改善的超吸水性聚合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
吸水性聚合物是一种交联的、部分中和的聚合物,包括交联聚丙烯酸或交联淀粉-丙烯酸接枝聚合物。根据超吸水性聚合物的一般定义,其能够在溶胀并形成水凝胶的情况下吸收大量含水液体和体液,和能够在一定压力下保持含水液体。超吸水性聚合物(SAP,Superabsorbent Polymers)可形成粒子,通称为颗粒状超水收性聚合物。颗粒状的聚合物原粉可采用表面交联、表面处理和其它后处理以形成性能更均衡优异的颗粒状超吸水性聚合物。超吸水性聚合物和颗粒状超吸水性聚合物的主要用途在于卫生用品,例如,婴儿尿片、失禁产品或卫生巾。
在吸收制品(例如,一次性尿片)中,用作吸收剂的超吸水性聚合物必须具有足够高的吸收容量以及足够高的加压。吸收容量需要足够高以使超吸水性聚合物能够吸收使用吸收制品期间遇到的大量含水体液。通液性则是决定了液体在超吸水性聚合物中间的扩散性,增加了吸收制品中吸水性聚合物的有效使用比例,减少凝胶堵塞的发生。一旦发生凝胶阻塞,就可能妨碍流体分布到吸收制品较干燥的区域或部分,并且在吸收制品内的颗粒状超吸水性聚合物完全饱和之前或者在流体可能扩散或通过毛细作用经过“阻塞”粒子进入吸收制品的剩余部分之前可能发生来自吸收制品的泄漏。
对于如何提高吸水性聚合物的通液性和抗结块性能,目前常用的方法是向吸水性聚合物颗粒中添加二氧化硅,或是氧化铝、氧化钛等金属氧化物。虽然添加无机粒子可以较好的改善超吸水性聚合物产品的通液性,但是也会造成吸液倍率的降低,特别是压力下的吸收倍率,从而对于实际使用过程中超吸水性聚合物的吸液量和作用效果造成影响。
针对超吸水性聚合物的水溶液聚合工艺,可以选择二次表面交联或者 添加无机粒子等手段来提高其通液性。例如,诺尔生物的专利文件(公开号为CN106987075 A和CN102702656 A)公布了一种低温下聚合并经过多次表面交联的吸水性树脂的制备方法,可以制备具有优异通液性能和凝胶强度的吸水性树脂。专利文件CN 107406595 A公开了一种通过两次表面交联、且两次表面交联采用的交联剂不同这一手段制备SAP粒子。发明人通过两次交联旨在实现多重壳结构,以改善树脂结块的问题。
例如,专利文件CN 107428948 A公开了一种通过不同方法进行表面交联制备SAP粒子的方法,可使用多元醇、多价金属盐、多元缩水甘油醚采用三种方法进行表面交联处理;由于使用的表面交联剂均含EO链段的结构,分子链软,且在高温烘烤反应阶段可能发生降解,从而导致SAP粒子的综合性能会有下降。
以上现有专利文件中,采用了多次表面交联的手段提升SAP粒子的通液性,但是其工艺过程也更为复杂,效率较低。
总而言之,卫生制品的SAP树脂需要低的单体残留率、长期反渗透性低,具有低的可萃取物含量和其它性能,比如,保水率、加压吸液倍率、通液速率等性能的综合。聚合过程中的工艺配方对于整个树脂结构起着至关重要的作用,因此,需要对工艺配方进行深入的研究。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,针对现有改善超吸水性聚合物时加压性能、保水性和通液性不能兼得的问题,提供一种超吸水性聚合物及其制备方法,该方法能够使所得超吸水性聚合物的主链结构发生变化,在有效提升SAP树脂的加压性吸液倍率和保水率的同时,可有效改善其通液性能。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供的技术方案如下:
在一个方面,提供一种超吸水性聚合物,其聚合反应的原料包括如下各组分:
a)含有羧基的烯属不饱和单体和/或其盐,在聚合水溶液中的浓度大于等于20wt%且小于等于35wt%(例如,32wt%、25wt%、22wt%),优选大于等于20wt%且小于等于30wt%;
b)含d轨道的还原态过渡金属盐,在聚合水溶液中的含量为5-1000ppm (例如,10ppm、20ppm、50ppm、100ppm、300ppm、800ppm),优选为10-500ppm;
c)含有双键化合物的内交联剂,用量为组分a)重量的0.01wt%-4wt%(例如,0.03wt%、0.08wt%、0.1wt%、0.5wt%、1.0wt%、1.5wt%、3.0wt%),优选0.05wt%-2wt%;
d)氧化剂,用量为组分a)重量的0.005wt%-5wt%(例如,0.008wt%、0.02wt%、0.05wt%、0.1wt%、0.4wt%、1.0wt%、3.0wt%),优选0.01wt%-0.5wt%;
e)还原剂,用量为组分a)重量的0.005wt%-5wt%(例如,0.008wt%、0.02wt%、0.05wt%、0.1wt%、0.4wt%、1.0wt%、3.0wt%),优选0.01wt%-0.5wt%;
其中,聚合反应所得水凝胶进行中和处理后,所得胶体粒子中聚合物的羧酸中和度为50-80mol%(例如,55mol%、60mol%、70mol%);胶体粒子转化为聚合物颗粒,且颗粒尺寸为150-700微米(例如,155微米、200微米、400微米、600微米)的该聚合物颗粒所占比例大于等于92wt%;
以及,该聚合物颗粒(即,聚合物原粉)的表面采用以下各项处理:
f)基于干燥后的聚合物颗粒,通过0.5-5wt%(例如,0.8wt%、1wt%、2wt%、3wt%、4wt%)的施加于干燥后的聚合物颗粒表面的表面交联剂进行表面交联,和,可选地
g)基于干燥后的聚合物颗粒,在表面交联之后加入0-2wt%(例如,0.05wt%、0.1wt%、0.5wt%、1wt%、1.5wt%)的不溶性无机粉末。
在优选实施方式中,所述含d轨道的还原态过渡金属盐中,含有的阳离子选自Fe 2+、Cu +、Cr 3+、Mn 2+、Co 2+、Nb 2+、V 2+、Rh 2+、Ni 2+、Pd 2+、Ru 2+、Zr 2+、Ti 2+、Pa 3+和Mo 2+的一种或多种,含有的阴离子选自卤素离子、硝酸根、硫酸根、亚硫酸根、碳酸根、碳酸氢根、磷酸根、氯酸根和高锰酸根中的一种或多种。
根据本发明提供的超吸水性聚合物,一些示例中,所述含d轨道的还原态过渡金属盐选自FeSO 4、CuCl、MnCl 2、FeCl 2、Co(NO 3) 2、PdCl 2和MnSO 4中的一种或多种,优选选自FeSO 4、FeCl 2、Co(NO 3) 2和PdCl 2中的一种或多种,更优选选自FeSO 4和/或Co(NO 3) 2
本发明中,含有羧基的烯属不饱和单体和/或其盐是指,含有羧基的烯属不饱和单体和/或含有羧基的烯属不饱和单体的盐。这里的盐可以是含有羧基的烯属不饱和单体的碱金属盐(例如,钠盐或钾盐)。
一些示例中,所述含有羧基的烯属不饱和单体选自丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、乙基丙烯酸、α-氯丙烯酸、α-氰基丙烯酸、β-甲基丙烯酸(巴豆酸)、α-苯基丙烯酸、β-丙烯酰氧基丙酸、山梨酸、α-氯山梨酸、2’-甲基异巴豆酸、肉桂酸、对氯肉桂酸、β-硬脂酸、衣康酸、柠康酸、中康酸、戊烯二酸、乌头酸、马来酸、富马酸、三羧基乙烯和马来酸酐中的一种或多种,优选选自丙烯酸和/或甲基丙烯酸,更优选为丙烯酸。
一些示例中,所述内交联剂选自乙二醇双丙烯酸酯、丙二醇双丙烯酸酯、N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、聚乙二醇双丙烯酸酯、聚丙二醇双丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三烯丙基醚、乙氧基化甘油三丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、三烯丙基胺、季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯和二季戊四醇六丙烯酸酯中的一种或多种。
一些示例中,所述氧化剂为过氧化物,优选选自过硫酸钠、过氧化氢、过硫酸钾和过硫酸铵中的一种或多种,更优选为过氧化氢。
一些示例中,所述还原剂选自抗坏血酸、亚硫酸氢铵、硫代硫酸铵、连二亚硫酸铵、硫化铵和羟甲基次硫酸钠中的一种或多种,优选为抗坏血酸。
一些示例中,所述不溶性无机粉末选自二氧化硅、硅石、二氧化钛、氧化铝、氧化镁、氧化锌、滑石、磷酸钙、粘土、硅藻土、沸石、膨润土、高岭土、水滑石和活性粘土中的一种或多种,优选为二氧化硅(例如,热解法二氧化硅和/或沉淀二氧化硅)。
一些示例中,所述表面交联剂选自多元醇类化合物、环氧化合物、胺类化合物和金属无机盐中的一种或多种。
在优选实施方式中,所述多元醇类化合物选自乙二醇、丙二醇、丙三醇、1,4-丁二醇或季戊四醇。
在优选实施方式中,所述环氧化合物选自(聚)乙二醇二缩水甘油醚、1,4-丁二醇二缩水甘油醚、碳酸亚乙酯或碳酸亚丙酯。
在优选实施方式中,所述胺类化合物选自三羟甲基氨基甲烷或碳化二 亚胺。
在优选实施方式中,所述金属无机盐选自钙的无机盐、镁的无机盐、铝的无机盐、铁的无机盐、铜的无机盐或锌的无机盐。
根据本发明提供的超吸水性聚合物,一些示例中,聚合反应的原料还包括:h)至少一种热引发剂,所述热引发剂为偶氮类引发剂。
在优选实施方式中,所述热引发剂选自偶氮二异丁腈、偶氮二氰基戊酸、偶氮双二甲基戊腈、2,2’-偶氮双(2-脒基丙烷)二盐酸盐、偶氮双脒基丙烷二盐酸盐、2,2’-偶氮双(N,N-二亚甲基异丁脒)二盐酸盐、2-(氨基甲酰基偶氮)异丁腈和4,4-偶氮双(4-氰基戊酸)中的一种或多种。
一些示例中,所述热引发剂的用量为组分a)重量的0.005wt%-1wt%(例如,0.008wt%、0.02wt%、0.05wt%、0.1wt%、0.4wt%、0.8wt%),优选0.01wt%-0.2wt%。
根据本发明提供的超吸水性聚合物,一些示例中,所述超吸水性聚合物的吸液倍率为60-70g/g,离心保水率为35-40g/g,0.7psi加压吸液倍率为20-26g/g,吸液速率为25-40s,通液速率(GBP)大于等于30Darcy,残留单体的含量小于等于400ppm,可萃取物的含量小于等于5wt%。
在另一个方面,还提供一种超吸水性聚合物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
在≤20℃(例如,0℃、1℃、5℃、8℃、10℃、15℃)下,将含有羧基的烯属不饱和单体和/或其盐、含d轨道的还原态过渡金属盐、氧化剂、还原剂和含有双键化合物的内交联剂接触引发聚合反应,得到水凝胶;将所述水凝胶破碎挤压后与中和剂接触进行中和反应,制得胶体粒子;所述胶体粒子经干燥、研磨和筛分后,通过与表面交联剂接触进行表面交联处理,得到超吸水性聚合物(SAP)树脂。
在优选实施方式中,所述含d轨道的还原态过渡金属盐中,含有的阳离子选自Fe 2+、Cu +、Cr 3+、Mn 2+、Co 2+、Nb 2+、V 2+、Rh 2+、Ni 2+、Pd 2+、Ru 2+、Zr 2+、Ti 2+、Pa 3+和Mo 2+的一种或多种,含有的阴离子选自卤素离子(例如,氯离子、溴离子)、硝酸根、硫酸根、亚硫酸根、碳酸根、碳酸氢根、磷酸根、氯酸根和高锰酸根中的一种或多种。
一些示例中,所述含d轨道的还原态过渡金属盐选自FeSO 4、CuCl、MnCl 2、FeCl 2、Co(NO 3) 2、PdCl 2和MnSO 4中的一种或多种,优选选自FeSO 4、FeCl 2、Co(NO 3) 2和PdCl 2中的一种或多种,更优选选自FeSO 4和/或Co(NO 3) 2
在所述制备方法中,所述含d轨道的还原态过渡金属盐具有一定的还原性,即,其中的金属离子具有变价的性能,且处于其低价态。
本发明中关键点在于:在聚合反应阶段加入含d轨道的过渡金属盐,且金属盐处于其变价态的低价态,即金属盐具有一定的还原性。从实验结果数据看,发明人推测体系中的聚合物结构发生了如图1所示的变化:
即,聚合阶段加入微量的还原态过渡金属盐,可能会使体系中聚合物形成更多的支化结构,在SAP颗粒内部含有更多的中和离子,形成更有利的渗透压和水合环境,从而可以保证SAP颗粒较高的加压倍率和较好的保水率,同时具备很高的通液速率。
根据本发明提供的制备方法,一些示例中,所述聚合反应为水溶液聚合。水溶液聚合反应的初期温度不超过20℃。体系的初期温度大于25℃以后,支化和链转移反应较多,可能会导致聚合反应中萃取物含量升高。一些示例中,在反应开始之前预先对体系进行氮气除氧,这利于单体的引发。
在所述制备方法中,可以是含有羧基的烯属不饱和单体和/或含有羧基的烯属不饱和单体的盐参与聚合反应。当含有羧基的烯属不饱和单体的盐参与聚合反应时,在聚合反应之前需要先将含有羧基的烯属不饱和单体与碱性物质进行中和反应(可称之为预中和反应),得到含有羧基的烯属不饱和单体的盐,然后再进行聚合反应。这里的碱性物质,可以与对水凝胶进行中和处理(可称之为后中和反应)所用的中和剂相同,例如,可以是氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾。
聚合反应过程中,可以适当控制含有羧基的烯属不饱和单体和/或其盐在聚合水溶液中的浓度,其浓度一般为20-35wt%。当浓度继续降低时,反应热不足,体系升温不明显,可能会引起反应不够充分,会使得残留单体较高。当体系中参与聚合的单体浓度过高时,聚合过程中温度升高,且温度会超过水的沸点,这不利于对聚合反应的控制。一些示例中,所述含有羧基的烯属不饱和单体和/或其盐在聚合水溶液中的浓度大于等于20wt%且 小于等于35wt%(例如,32wt%、25wt%、22wt%),优选大于等于20wt%且小于等于30wt%。
一些示例中,所述含d轨道的还原态过渡金属盐在聚合水溶液中的含量为5-1000ppm(例如,10ppm、20ppm、50ppm、100ppm、300ppm、800ppm),优选为10-500ppm。
一些示例中,基于含有羧基的烯属不饱和单体和/或其盐的重量,所述含有双键化合物的内交联剂的用量为0.01wt%-4wt%(例如,0.03wt%、0.08wt%、0.1wt%、0.5wt%、1.0wt%、1.5wt%、3.0wt%),优选为0.05wt%-2wt%。
在聚合体系中,除参与聚合的单体外,还包括氧化-还原引发剂。一些示例中,基于含有羧基的烯属不饱和单体和/或其盐的重量,所述氧化剂的用量为0.005wt%-5wt%(例如,0.008wt%、0.02wt%、0.05wt%、0.1wt%、0.4wt%、1.0wt%、3.0wt%),优选为0.01wt%-0.5wt%。
一些示例中,基于含有羧基的烯属不饱和单体和/或其盐的重量,所述还原剂的用量为0.005wt%-5wt%(例如,0.008wt%、0.02wt%、0.05wt%、0.1wt%、0.4wt%、1.0wt%、3.0wt%),优选为0.01wt%-0.5wt%。
在所述制备方法中,聚合反应可以理解为:开始阶段通过冰浴保温,诱导期结束之后体系的温度上升,此时聚合开始,且温度不超过20℃。随后聚合反应放热,会将体系的温度升高至70-90℃,然后在此温度下继续保温数小时进行反应。
为了使聚合反应所得聚合物水凝胶有较低的残留单体,可在聚合过程的升温结束后将聚合水凝胶继续熟化保温一段时间。一些示例中,熟化保温的温度为85-95℃,熟化保温的时间为4-8小时。
聚合反应结束后,需将得到的水凝胶进行中和处理,以便可以将聚合物的羧酸中和度调控在合适范围内。聚合物的羧酸中和度过低,会导致所得胶体发黏,不利于后续处理;聚合物的羧酸中和度过高,会使SAP树脂的pH偏高,使用时可能会引发人体皮肤的安全问题。一些示例中,将所述水凝胶进行中和反应后,所得胶体粒子中聚合物的羧酸中和度为50-80mol%(例如,55mol%、60mol%、70mol%)。
所述胶体粒子经干燥、研磨和筛分后,可得到超吸水性聚合物(SAP)颗粒;然后再对其表面进行表面交联处理。一些示例中,基于干燥后的超 吸水性聚合物(SAP)颗粒,施加于干燥后的超吸水性聚合物(SAP)颗粒表面的表面交联剂用量为0.5-5wt%(例如,0.8wt%、1wt%、2wt%、3wt%、4wt%)。
根据本发明提供的制备方法,一些示例中,所述含有羧基的烯属不饱和单体选自丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、乙基丙烯酸、α-氯丙烯酸、α-氰基丙烯酸、β-甲基丙烯酸(巴豆酸)、α-苯基丙烯酸、β-丙烯酰氧基丙酸、山梨酸、α-氯山梨酸、2’-甲基异巴豆酸、肉桂酸、对氯肉桂酸、β-硬脂酸、衣康酸、柠康酸、中康酸、戊烯二酸、乌头酸、马来酸、富马酸、三羧基乙烯和马来酸酐中的一种或多种,优选选自丙烯酸和/或甲基丙烯酸,更优选为丙烯酸。
一些示例中,所述内交联剂选自乙二醇双丙烯酸酯、丙二醇双丙烯酸酯、N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、聚乙二醇双丙烯酸酯、聚丙二醇双丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三烯丙基醚、乙氧基化甘油三丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、三烯丙基胺、季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯和二季戊四醇六丙烯酸酯中的一种或多种。
一些示例中,所述氧化剂为过氧化物。优选实施方式中,所述氧化剂选自过硫酸钠、过氧化氢、过硫酸钾和过硫酸铵中的一种或多种,更优选为过氧化氢。
一些示例中,所述还原剂选自抗坏血酸、亚硫酸氢铵、硫代硫酸铵、连二亚硫酸铵、硫化铵和羟甲基次硫酸钠中的一种或多种,优选为抗坏血酸。
一些示例中,所述中和剂为碱性化合物的水溶液,其浓度为30-60wt%,优选为40-50wt%。优选实施方式中,所述碱性化合物选自氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钠和碳酸钾中的一种或多种,更优选为氢氧化钠。
一些示例中,所述表面交联剂选自多元醇类化合物、环氧化合物、胺类化合物和金属无机盐中的一种或多种。
在优选实施方式中,所述多元醇类化合物选自乙二醇、丙二醇、丙三醇、1,4-丁二醇或季戊四醇。
在优选实施方式中,所述环氧化合物选自(聚)乙二醇二缩水甘油醚、1,4-丁二醇二缩水甘油醚、碳酸亚乙酯或碳酸亚丙酯。
在优选实施方式中,所述胺类化合物选自三羟甲基氨基甲烷或碳化二亚胺。
在优选实施方式中,所述金属无机盐选自钙的无机盐、镁的无机盐、铝的无机盐、铁的无机盐、铜的无机盐或锌的无机盐。
经过中和之后所得胶体粒子在挤压、粉碎后得到小尺寸的胶粒,由于胶粒含水量较高,在此之前需进一步进行干燥处理。根据本发明提供的制备方法,一些示例中,所述胶体粒子进行干燥的温度为100-240℃(例如,150℃、180℃、200℃、220℃)。干燥处理的实现可采用本领域熟知的装置进行,比如,通过烘箱进行鼓风干燥。
干燥得到的胶粒经过进一步研磨和筛分后,即可控制所得SAP颗粒的尺寸。这里的尺寸可以理解为颗粒的粒径。
在筛分时,选择需要尺寸的筛网进行筛分,对过大、过小的颗粒进行比例控制。例如,采用150μm和700μm的粒径进行筛分,可以实现绝大多数SAP颗粒的尺寸在150-700微米的范围内;其中,尺寸<150微米的超吸水性聚合物(SAP)颗粒所占比例不超过3wt%,尺寸>700微米的超吸水性聚合物(SAP)颗粒所占比例不超过5wt%。一些示例中,所述胶体粒子进行干燥后,胶粒经过进一步研磨和筛分以控制超吸水性聚合物(SAP)颗粒的尺寸;其中,粒径为150-700微米(例如,180微米、250微米、400微米、600微米)的超吸水性聚合物(SAP)颗粒所占比例大于等于92wt%(例如,94wt%、96wt%、98wt%)。
筛分后获得的SAP颗粒,在本文中可以称之为聚合物原粉。进一步地,还可以对筛分所得超吸水性聚合物(SAP)颗粒的表面进行表面交联处理。一些示例中,所述表面交联处理的工艺条件包括:反应温度为50-150℃(例如,70℃、100℃、120℃),优选为80-130℃;反应时间为0.5h-3h(例如,0.8h、1.5h、2.5h),优选为1h-2h。
为了改善超吸水性聚合物的流动性,一般会添加一些水不溶性无机粉末,以防止大规模生产时出现黏连。一些示例中,可选地,基于干燥后的超吸水性聚合物颗粒,在表面交联处理之后加入0-2wt%(例如,0.05wt%、0.1wt%、0.5wt%、1wt%、1.5wt%)的不溶性无机粉末。一些示例中,所述不溶性无机粉末选自二氧化硅、硅石、二氧化钛、氧化铝、氧化镁、氧化 锌、滑石、磷酸钙、粘土、硅藻土、沸石、膨润土、高岭土、水滑石和活性粘土中的一种或多种,优选为二氧化硅(例如,热解法二氧化硅和/或沉淀二氧化硅)。
为了进一步降低SAP树脂中的残留单体,聚合过程中还可以搭配使用热引发剂。体系中加入热引发剂,可以在聚合升温的后期继续消耗体系中残留的单体。根据本发明提供的制备方法,一些示例中,在聚合反应过程中加入至少一种热引发剂。一些示例中,所述热引发剂为偶氮类引发剂,优选选自偶氮二异丁腈、偶氮二氰基戊酸、偶氮双二甲基戊腈、2,2’-偶氮双(2-脒基丙烷)二盐酸盐、偶氮双脒基丙烷二盐酸盐、2,2’-偶氮双(N,N-二亚甲基异丁脒)二盐酸盐、2-(氨基甲酰基偶氮)异丁腈和4,4-偶氮双(4-氰基戊酸)中的一种或多种。
一些示例中,基于所述含有羧基的烯属不饱和单体和/或其盐的重量,所述热引发剂的用量为0.005wt%-1wt%(例如,0.008wt%、0.02wt%、0.05wt%、0.1wt%、0.4wt%、0.8wt%),优选为0.01wt%-0.2wt%。
通过本发明所述的制备方法所得SAP树脂粒子,具有明显的性能改善效果:在具有较少残留单体和可萃取物的前提下,SAP树脂粒子具有高的保水率、较高的加压吸液倍率,同时其通液速率得到提高。
相对于现有技术,本发明技术方案的有益效果在于:
通过在聚合阶段加入微量的还原态过渡金属盐,与氧化-还原引发体系发生作用,推测可能会使聚合物分子中形成更多的支化结构,这使得在SAP粒子内部有更多的中和离子,形成了更有利的渗透压和水合环境,从而保证了所制得的SAP粒子具有较高的加压性和保水性,同时具有较好的通液性。另外,所得SAP粒子中可萃取物含量和残留的单体含量很少。
附图说明
图1示出了聚合反应中加入还原态过渡金属盐前后体系中物质结构的推测变化图。
具体实施方式
为了能够详细地理解本发明的技术特征和内容,下面将更详细地描述本发明的优选实施方式。虽然实施例中描述了本发明的优选实施方式,然而应该理解,可以以各种形式实现本发明而不应被这里阐述的实施方式所限制。
<原料来源>
丙烯酸,购于烟台万华化学,纯度99.5%以上;
双氧水(H 2O 2溶液),购于国药,浓度为30wt%的水溶液;
抗坏血酸,购于西格玛,纯度99%以上;
质量浓度为32%和50%的烧碱水溶液,购于烟台万华化学;
季戊四醇三烯丙基醚,购于日本大曹,纯度80%以上;
聚乙二醇双丙烯酸酯,购于长兴材料,纯度95%以上;
硫酸亚铁,购于国药,纯度99%以上;
硝酸钴,购于国药,纯度99%以上;
其他原料均为本领域常规试剂,这里不再对其购买信息作详细说明。
<测试方法>
a)吸液倍率
称取0.2g测试试样,精确至0.001g,并将该质量记作m,将测试试样全部倒入茶袋,将茶袋封口,浸泡至装有足够量浓度为0.9%生理盐水的烧杯中,浸泡30min。然后将装有测试试样的茶袋拎出,用夹子悬挂起来,静止状态下滴水10min后,称量装有测试试样的茶袋质量并将该质量记作m1)。然后使用没有测试试样的茶袋进行空白值测定,称取空白试验茶袋的质量,并将该质量记作m2。则,吸液倍率=(m1-m2)/m。
b)离心保水率
将上述测试完吸液倍率的装有测试试样的茶袋在250G离心力条件下脱水3min,然后称量装有测试试样的茶袋质量,并将该质量记作m3。使用没有测试试样的茶袋进行空白值测定,称取空白茶袋的质量并将该质量记作m4。则,离心保水率=(m3-m4)/m。
c)0.7psi加压吸液倍率
测试所用设备为:(1)两端开口的内径为60mm的塑料圆筒,其一端固定200目的尼龙网;(2)塑料活塞,其外径略小于59mm,能与上述塑料圆筒紧密连接,且能上下自如活动;(3)重量为1340g的圆形砝码;(4)玻璃皿,其内附一个多孔板,可以使上述塑料圆筒放置到多孔板上后,不接触玻璃皿底部,又可以自由吸收水分。
测试方法为:将玻璃皿放置到平台上,然后倒入浓度为0.9%的生理盐水。称取测试试样0.9g,将其均匀撒入塑料圆筒底部,然后将加入了砝码的塑料活塞加入塑料圆筒,测定其质量并标记为m5。将加入了试样的塑料圆筒放到玻璃皿的多孔板上,60min后将塑料圆筒从玻璃皿中提出,将水滴净后测试塑料圆筒的质量并标记为m6。则,0.7psi下加压吸液倍率=(m6-m5)/0.9。
d)吸液速率(漩涡法)
用100ml的烧杯称量50g温度为23℃的生理盐水,然后向该烧杯中加入磁力棒,放在磁力搅拌器上以600rpm的回转数进行搅拌。精确称量2.0g测试试样,一次性全部倒入漩涡中。投入后开始计时,在测试试样吸收生理盐水的过程中,中间的漩涡逐渐变小。直至漩涡消失切液面达到水平时停止计时,测定的时间即为测试试样的吸液速率。
e)通液速率(GBP)
称取0.9g测试试样,放入内径60mm的有机玻璃圆筒内;将盛有测试试样的有机玻璃圆筒放到浓度为0.9%的生理盐水中,自由膨胀30min。将有机玻璃圆筒从生理盐水中取出,盖上圆筒盖,放上砝码,读取凝胶层高度并标记为H。将有机玻璃圆筒放到测试设备上,使圆筒内液面高度达到4cm刻度线处,并维持液面高度不变,待液体稳定流出后,开始计时,并计量流过凝胶层的液体量,计算液体通过凝胶层的流量Q。
计算GBP的公式为:
Figure PCTCN2020085954-appb-000001
其中,Q为液体流量,单位为g/s;
H为凝胶层高度,单位为cm;
μ为液体粘度,单位为P,生理盐水的粘度为1cP=0.01P;
A为凝胶层面积,单位为cm 2,有机玻璃圆筒的内径为6cm,凝胶层的面积为28.27cm 2
P为静水压,单位为dyne/cm 2,且P=ρgh,h为液面高度4cm,则静水压为3924dyne/cm 2
ρ为液体密度,单位为g/cm 3,生理盐水密度按1g/cm 3计。
f)可萃取物的含量
用量筒量取200ml 0.9%的NaCl溶液于250ml烧杯中,称量1.0g的测试试样,精确到0.005g,加入到该溶液中,用封口膜将烧杯口封好,将烧杯置于磁力搅拌器上并以500±50rpm的转速搅拌16个小时;停止搅拌,使烧杯中胶体沉到底部,用布氏漏斗和滤纸将烧杯中的上层清液过滤,收集多于50ml的滤液,量取50ml滤液进行滴定测试。
同时准备空白样品(200ml 0.9%的NaCl溶液),进行空白溶液(100ml 0.9%的NaCl的水溶液)的滴定,使用0.1mol/l的NaOH溶液进行滴定,直到PH=10;然后使用0.1mol/l的盐酸溶液滴定,直到PH=2.7。获得空白滴定量分别为[bNaOH],[bHCL](mL)。
将量取的50ml滤液添加0.9%的NaCl溶液至100ml,进行上述同样的滴定操作,获得滴定量分别为[NaOH],[HCl](mL)。
中和度的计算公式如下:
DN(%)=100-(([NaOH]-[bNaOH])×c(NaOH)*100)/(([HCl]-[bHCl])×c(HCl));
平均分子量Mw=72.06x(1-DN/100)+94.04xDN/100;
可萃取物含量Ex(wt%)=(([HCl]-[bHCl])xc(HCl)×Mwx2)/5。
g)残留单体的含量(ppm)
称量1.000克测试样品,精确至0.005克,于干净的250ml烧杯中,用量筒量取200ml 0.9%的NaCl溶液加入烧杯中;加入磁力搅拌子,用封口膜将烧杯密封,置于磁力搅拌器上,以500±50rpm的转速搅拌溶液60分钟。停止搅拌,静置5分钟后,取上层溶液1-2ml,用0.45μm过滤器对溶液进行过滤,置于液相专用样品瓶中,做好标识,用于HPLC分析。
打开自动进样器,将编好号的样品瓶填入对应位置,对正位置,关门。 在软件中选择序列,打开序列表,编辑序列表,点击应用。点击菜单栏中的绿色总开启按钮,自主录入样品组名称,然后单击“运行”,则测试开始。此时可见样品信号强度随时间的变化情况。等待仪器稳定,使主机的柱温箱温度和脱气压力以及检测器的温度和能量达到设定值,此时测试自动开始。
样品测试完毕,打开LC1260(脱机)软件,选择“数据分析”,打开文件夹,找到需要打开的分析结果。选中欲处理的样品,打开谱图,选择“积分当前色谱图”,读出峰面积。在EXCEL表格中利用校正曲线计算测试样品中残余单体的含量。
配制含还原态过渡金属盐的抗坏血酸水溶液:
(1)称取2g抗坏血酸、0.5g硫酸亚铁,将其溶于97.5g去离子水中,在烧杯中搅拌均匀后用保鲜膜封口以备用,称为抗坏血酸溶液A。
(2)称取2g抗坏血酸、5g硫酸亚铁,将其溶于93g去离子水中,在烧杯中搅拌均匀后用保鲜膜封口以备用,称为抗坏血酸溶液B。
(3)称取2g抗坏血酸、0.5g硝酸钴,将其溶于97.5g去离子水中,在烧杯中搅拌均匀后用保鲜膜封口以备用,称为抗坏血酸溶液C。
(4)称取2g抗坏血酸、5g硝酸钴,将其溶于93g去离子水中,在烧杯中搅拌均匀后用保鲜膜封口以备用,称为抗坏血酸溶液D。
(5)称取2g抗坏血酸,将其溶于98g去离子水中,在烧杯中搅拌均匀后用保鲜膜封口以备用,称为抗坏血酸溶液E。
(6)称取2g抗坏血酸、3g FeCl 3,将其溶于95g去离子水中,在烧杯中搅拌均匀后用保鲜膜封口以备用,称为抗坏血酸溶液F。
实施例1:
超吸水性聚合物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
将550g已配制好的浓度为60wt%的丙烯酸水溶液、640g去离子水、1.6g聚乙二醇双丙烯酸酯在2L聚合釜中混合,冰浴降温至5℃,使用氮气除氧10min,向聚合釜中加入2g H 2O 2溶液(稀释至浓度为2wt%)、2g 2,2’-偶氮双(N,N-二亚甲基异丁脒)二盐酸盐溶液(稀释至浓度为4wt%)和2.5g 浓度为2wt%的含硫酸亚铁的抗坏血酸溶液A(在聚合水溶液中,单体的浓度为27.5%,还原态过渡金属盐的含量为10ppm);诱导期结束后,待温度开始出现明显上升时聚合反应开始,约反应1.5h后温度达到85℃左右,再在该温度下继续保温熟化5h,得到水凝胶状的聚合物。
使用造粒绞龙机对水凝胶状的聚合物进行破碎挤压,然后加入270g浓度为50wt%的NaOH水溶液进行中和,使所得胶体粒子的聚合物中约74mol%的羧基被中和成羧酸钠盐;使用鼓风干燥烘箱(购于高铁公司),设定温度为180℃,对中和后的胶体粒子进行鼓风干燥,干燥的时间持续40min;将干燥后的胶粒采用粉碎机或者破壁机(购自美的公司)进行粉碎,并利用筛网筛分至粒径在150-700微米的范围内,得到SAP颗粒;未进行表面交联的SAP颗粒定义为聚合物原粉(1)。
称取制得的100g聚合物原粉(1),将0.1g乙二醇二缩水甘油醚、1.4g 1,2-丙二醇、6g去离子水制成的混合物进行雾化后,均匀喷洒在聚合物原粉(1)的颗粒表面,再将聚合物颗粒在空气中流化并连续混合。然后将其放在高温鼓风烘箱中,于110℃下加热1.5h进行表面交联处理。将经表面交联处理后的聚合物颗粒冷却至40℃以下,再将2g浓度为20%的硫酸铝水溶液雾化并喷雾到经表面交联处理后的聚合物颗粒上,同时将聚合物颗粒在空气中流化并连续混合。然后用所需目数的标准筛网将处理完成的聚合物颗粒进行筛分,得到粒径分布为150-710μm的目标产物。
实施例2:
超吸水性聚合物的制备方法,其操作步骤参见实施例1,不同之处在于:
在聚合阶段,加入去离子水的质量为550g(在聚合水溶液中,单体的浓度为29.7%,还原态过渡金属盐的含量为22ppm),加入含硫酸亚铁的抗坏血酸溶液A的质量为5g;
所得未进行表面交联的SAP颗粒定义为聚合物原粉(2)。
在对聚合物原粉(2)进行的表面交联处理阶段,加入乙二醇二缩水甘油醚的质量为1g。
实施例3:
超吸水性聚合物的制备方法,其操作步骤参见实施例1,不同之处在于:
聚合阶段,先将丙烯酸水溶液与100g浓度为50wt%的烧碱水溶液进行预中和反应,降温,得到丙烯酸盐后再参与聚合反应;聚合反应结束后,加入194g浓度为50wt%的烧碱水溶液与所得水凝胶进行后中和反应,使所得胶体粒子的聚合物中80mol%的羧基被中和成羧酸钠盐。
在聚合阶段,加入含硫酸亚铁的抗坏血酸溶液B,且其加入量为6g(在聚合水溶液中,还原态过渡金属盐的含量为250ppm);
聚合反应结束后,继续保温熟化的时间为4h;
所得未进行表面交联的SAP颗粒定义为聚合物原粉(3)。
对聚合物原粉(3)进行的表面交联处理阶段,参照实施例1进行。
实施例4:
超吸水性聚合物的制备方法,其操作步骤参见实施例1,不同之处在于:
在聚合阶段,加入含硫酸亚铁的抗坏血酸溶液D,且其加入量为15g(在聚合水溶液中,还原态过渡金属盐的含量620ppm);1.6g聚乙二醇双丙烯酸酯替换为1.6g季戊四醇三烯丙基醚;
在中和处理中,加入浓度为32wt%烧碱水溶液的质量为421g;
在干燥处理中,对胶体进行干燥的温度为210℃,干燥的时间为1h。
所得未进行表面交联的SAP颗粒定义为聚合物原粉(4)。
对聚合物原粉(4)进行的表面交联处理阶段,参照实施例1进行。
实施例5:
超吸水性聚合物的制备方法,其操作步骤参见实施例1,不同之处在于:
在聚合阶段,加入含硫酸亚铁的抗坏血酸溶液C,且其加入量为4g(在聚合水溶液中,还原态过渡金属盐的含量为17ppm);加入H 2O 2溶液的质量为1.5g,加入2,2’-偶氮双(N,N-二亚甲基异丁脒)二盐酸盐溶液的质量为 1g;
聚合结束后,继续保温熟化的时间为8h;
在中和处理中,加入浓度50wt%烧碱水溶液的质量为294g,使所得胶体粒子的聚合物中80mol%的羧基被中和成羧酸钠盐(中和度为80%)。
所得未进行表面交联的SAP颗粒定义为聚合物原粉(5)。
对聚合物原粉(5)进行的表面交联处理阶段,参照实施例1进行。
实施例6:
超吸水性聚合物的制备方法,其操作步骤参见实施例1,不同之处在于:
在聚合阶段,加入含硫酸亚铁的抗坏血酸溶液B,且其加入量为5g(在聚合水溶液中,还原态过渡金属盐的含量为208ppm);1.6g聚乙二醇双丙烯酸酯替换为1.2g季戊四醇三烯丙基醚与1.2g聚乙二醇双丙烯酸酯的混合;
在表面交联处理阶段,表面交联处理的时间为1h,温度为130℃。
所得未进行表面交联的SAP颗粒定义为聚合物原粉(6)。
对聚合物原粉(6)进行的表面交联处理阶段,参照实施例1进行。且表面交联处理结束后,加入0.05g硅粉,混合均匀。
实施例7:
超吸水性聚合物的制备方法,其操作步骤参见实施例1,不同之处在于:
在聚合阶段,加入含硫酸亚铁的抗坏血酸溶液B,且其加入量为24g(在聚合水溶液中,还原态过渡金属盐的含量为985ppm);1.6g聚乙二醇双丙烯酸酯替换为0.8g季戊四醇三烯丙基醚与0.7g聚乙二醇双丙烯酸酯的混合;
所得未进行表面交联的SAP颗粒定义为聚合物原粉(7)。
在对聚合物原粉(7)进行的表面交联处理阶段,表面交联处理的时间为1h,温度为120℃。
对比例1:
超吸水性聚合物的制备方法,其操作步骤参见实施例1,不同之处在于:在聚合阶段,加入未含有还原态过渡金属盐的抗坏血酸溶液E。
对比例2
超吸水性聚合物的制备方法,其操作步骤参见实施例1,不同之处在于:在聚合阶段,加入含有还原态过渡金属盐的抗坏血酸溶液B的质量为50g(在聚合水溶液中,还原态过渡金属盐的含量为2000ppm)。
对比例3
超吸水性聚合物的制备方法,其操作步骤参见实施例1,不同之处在于:在聚合阶段,加入含有FeCl 3的抗坏血酸溶液F,其加入量为4g(在聚合物水溶液中,氧化态过渡金属盐的含量为100ppm),无法引发聚合反应。
上述各实施例和对比例所得超吸水性聚合物采用如上所述的测试方法进行测试。除非另外指明,测试应在环境温度23±2℃和相对空气湿度50±10%下进行,并在测试前尽量将吸收性聚合物混合均匀。目标产品性能的测试结果,请见如下表1所示:
表1 目标产品性能的测试结果
Figure PCTCN2020085954-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2020085954-appb-000003
通过表1的测试结果发现,
各实施例中,当在聚合阶段加入还原态过渡金属盐时,其制得的SAP树脂具有高的加压吸液倍率、离心保水率和通液速率。与对比例所得产物相比,各实施例所得SAP树脂可达到更高的保水性,且通液性也得到大幅改善。
由对比例1可以看出,当聚合反应阶段未加入还原态过渡金属盐时,所得产物虽然可以保持较高的吸液倍率,但是其离心保水率、加压吸液倍率和通液速率均不理想。
由对比例2可以看出,当聚合体系中加入过多的还原态过渡金属盐时,会使引发效率过高,聚合物的分子链变短,其中的可萃取物含量明显上升,且残留单体的含量也升高。
由对比例3可以发现,在聚合阶段加入氧化态的过渡金属盐,聚合反应并不能发生。
以上已经描述了本发明的各实施例,上述说明是示例性的,并非穷尽性的,并且也不限于所披露的各实施例。在不偏离所说明的各实施例的范围和精神的情况下,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说许多修改和变更都是显而易见的。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种超吸水性聚合物,其特征在于,其聚合反应的原料包括如下各组分:
    a)含有羧基的烯属不饱和单体和/或其盐,在聚合水溶液中的浓度大于等于20wt%且小于等于35wt%,优选大于等于20wt%且小于等于30wt%;
    b)含d轨道的还原态过渡金属盐,在聚合水溶液中的含量为5-1000ppm,优选为10-500ppm;
    c)含有双键化合物的内交联剂,用量为组分a)重量的0.01wt%-4wt%,优选0.05wt%-2wt%;
    d)氧化剂,用量为组分a)重量的0.005wt%-5wt%,优选0.01wt%-0.5wt%;
    e)还原剂,用量为组分a)重量的0.005wt%-5wt%,优选0.01wt%-0.5wt%;
    其中,聚合反应所得水凝胶进行中和处理后,所得胶体粒子中聚合物的羧酸中和度为50-80mol%;胶体粒子转化为聚合物颗粒,且颗粒尺寸为150-700微米的该聚合物颗粒所占比例大于等于92wt%;
    以及,该聚合物颗粒的表面采用以下各项处理:
    f)基于干燥后的聚合物颗粒,通过0.5-5wt%的施加于干燥后的聚合物颗粒表面的表面交联剂进行表面交联,和,可选地
    g)基于干燥后的聚合物颗粒,在表面交联之后加入0-2wt%的不溶性无机粉末;
    优选地,所述含d轨道的还原态过渡金属盐中,含有的阳离子选自Fe 2+、Cu +、Cr 3+、Mn 2+、Co 2+、Nb 2+、V 2+、Rh 2+、Ni 2+、Pd 2+、Ru 2+、Zr 2+、Ti 2+、Pa 3+和Mo 2+的一种或多种,含有的阴离子选自卤素离子、硝酸根、硫酸根、亚硫酸根、碳酸根、碳酸氢根、磷酸根、氯酸根和高锰酸根中的一种或多种。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的超吸水性聚合物,其特征在于,所述含d轨道的还原态过渡金属盐选自FeSO 4、CuCl、MnCl 2、FeCl 2、Co(NO 3) 2、PdCl 2 和MnSO 4中的一种或多种,优选选自FeSO 4、FeCl 2、Co(NO 3) 2和PdCl 2中的一种或多种,更优选选自FeSO 4和/或Co(NO 3) 2
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的超吸水性聚合物,其特征在于,所述含有羧基的烯属不饱和单体选自丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、乙基丙烯酸、α-氯丙烯酸、α-氰基丙烯酸、β-甲基丙烯酸、α-苯基丙烯酸、β-丙烯酰氧基丙酸、山梨酸、α-氯山梨酸、2’-甲基异巴豆酸、肉桂酸、对氯肉桂酸、β-硬脂酸、衣康酸、柠康酸、中康酸、戊烯二酸、乌头酸、马来酸、富马酸、三羧基乙烯和马来酸酐中的一种或多种,优选选自丙烯酸和/或甲基丙烯酸,更优选为丙烯酸;和/或
    所述内交联剂选自乙二醇双丙烯酸酯、丙二醇双丙烯酸酯、N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、聚乙二醇双丙烯酸酯、聚丙二醇双丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三烯丙基醚、乙氧基化甘油三丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、三烯丙基胺、季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯和二季戊四醇六丙烯酸酯中的一种或多种;和/或
    所述氧化剂为过氧化物,优选选自过硫酸钠、过氧化氢、过硫酸钾和过硫酸铵中的一种或多种,更优选为过氧化氢;和/或
    所述还原剂选自抗坏血酸、亚硫酸氢铵、硫代硫酸铵、连二亚硫酸铵、硫化铵和羟甲基次硫酸钠中的一种或多种,优选为抗坏血酸;和/或
    所述不溶性无机粉末选自二氧化硅、硅石、二氧化钛、氧化铝、氧化镁、氧化锌、滑石、磷酸钙、粘土、硅藻土、沸石、膨润土、高岭土、水滑石和活性粘土中的一种或多种,优选为二氧化硅;和/或
    所述表面交联剂选自多元醇类化合物、环氧化合物、胺类化合物和金属无机盐中的一种或多种;所述多元醇类化合物优选选自乙二醇、丙二醇、丙三醇、1,4-丁二醇或季戊四醇;所述环氧化合物优选选自(聚)乙二醇二缩水甘油醚、1,4-丁二醇二缩水甘油醚、碳酸亚乙酯或碳酸亚丙酯;所述胺类化合物优选选自三羟甲基氨基甲烷或碳化二亚胺;所述金属无机盐优选选自钙的无机盐、镁的无机盐、铝的无机盐、铁的无机盐、铜的无机盐或锌的无机盐。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的超吸水性聚合物,其特征在于,聚合反应的原料还包括:h)至少一种热引发剂,所述热引发剂为偶氮类引发剂,优选选自偶氮二异丁腈、偶氮二氰基戊酸、偶氮双二甲基戊腈、2,2’-偶氮双(2-脒基丙烷)二盐酸盐、偶氮双脒基丙烷二盐酸盐、2,2’-偶氮双(N,N-二亚甲基异丁脒)二盐酸盐、2-(氨基甲酰基偶氮)异丁腈和4,4-偶氮双(4-氰基戊酸)中的一种或多种;
    优选地,所述热引发剂的用量为组分a)重量的0.005wt%-1wt%,更优选0.01wt%-0.2wt%。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的超吸水性聚合物,其特征在于,所述超吸水性聚合物的吸液倍率为60-70g/g,离心保水率为35-40g/g,0.7psi加压吸液倍率为20-26g/g,吸液速率为25-40s,通液速率(GBP)大于等于30Darcy,残留单体的含量小于等于400ppm,可萃取物的含量小于等于5wt%。
  6. 一种超吸水性聚合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
    在≤20℃下,将含有羧基的烯属不饱和单体和/或其盐、含d轨道的还原态过渡金属盐、氧化剂、还原剂和含有双键化合物的内交联剂接触引发聚合反应,得到水凝胶;将所述水凝胶破碎挤压后与中和剂接触进行中和反应,制得胶体粒子;所述胶体粒子经干燥、研磨和筛分后,通过与表面交联剂接触进行表面交联处理,得到超吸水性聚合物树脂;
    优选地,所述含d轨道的还原态过渡金属盐中,含有的阳离子选自Fe 2+、Cu +、Cr 3+、Mn 2+、Co 2+、Nb 2+、V 2+、Rh 2+、Ni 2+、Pd 2+、Ru 2+、Zr 2+、Ti 2+、Pa 3+和Mo 2+的一种或多种,含有的阴离子选自卤素离子、硝酸根、硫酸根、亚硫酸根、碳酸根、碳酸氢根、磷酸根、氯酸根和高锰酸根中的一种或多种。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述含d轨道的还原态过渡金属盐选自FeSO 4、CuCl、MnCl 2、FeCl 2、Co(NO 3) 2、PdCl 2和MnSO 4中的一种或多种,优选选自FeSO 4、FeCl 2、Co(NO 3) 2和PdCl 2中的 一种或多种,更优选选自FeSO 4和/或Co(NO 3) 2
  8. 根据权利要求6或7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述聚合反应为水溶液聚合;优选地,所述含有羧基的烯属不饱和单体和/或其盐在聚合水溶液中的浓度大于等于20wt%且小于等于35wt%,更优选大于等于20wt%且小于等于30wt%;和/或
    所述含d轨道的还原态过渡金属盐在聚合水溶液中的含量为5-1000ppm,优选为10-500ppm;和/或
    基于含有羧基的烯属不饱和单体和/或其盐的重量,所述含有双键化合物的内交联剂的用量为0.01wt%-4wt%,优选为0.05wt%-2wt%;和/或
    基于含有羧基的烯属不饱和单体和/或其盐的重量,所述氧化剂的用量为0.005wt%-5wt%,优选为0.01wt%-0.5wt%;和/或
    基于含有羧基的烯属不饱和单体和/或其盐的重量,所述还原剂的用量为0.005wt%-5wt%,优选为0.01wt%-0.5wt%;和/或
    将所述水凝胶进行中和反应后,所得胶体粒子中聚合物的羧酸中和度为50-80mol%;和/或
    基于干燥后的超吸水性聚合物颗粒,施加于干燥后的超吸水性聚合物颗粒表面的表面交联剂用量为0.5-5wt%。
  9. 根据权利要求6-8中任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述含有羧基的烯属不饱和单体选自丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、乙基丙烯酸、α-氯丙烯酸、α-氰基丙烯酸、β-甲基丙烯酸、α-苯基丙烯酸、β-丙烯酰氧基丙酸、山梨酸、α-氯山梨酸、2’-甲基异巴豆酸、肉桂酸、对氯肉桂酸、β-硬脂酸、衣康酸、柠康酸、中康酸、戊烯二酸、乌头酸、马来酸、富马酸、三羧基乙烯和马来酸酐中的一种或多种,优选选自丙烯酸和/或甲基丙烯酸,更优选为丙烯酸;和/或
    所述含有双键化合物的内交联剂选自乙二醇双丙烯酸酯、丙二醇双丙烯酸酯、N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、聚乙二醇双丙烯酸酯、聚丙二醇双丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三烯丙基醚、乙氧基化甘油三丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、三烯丙基胺、季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯和二 季戊四醇六丙烯酸酯中的一种或多种;和/或
    所述氧化剂为过氧化物,优选选自过硫酸钠、过氧化氢、过硫酸钾和过硫酸铵中的一种或多种,更优选为过氧化氢;和/或
    所述还原剂选自抗坏血酸、亚硫酸氢铵、硫代硫酸铵、连二亚硫酸铵、硫化铵和羟甲基次硫酸钠中的一种或多种,优选为抗坏血酸;和/或
    所述中和剂为碱性化合物的水溶液,其浓度为30-60wt%,优选为40-50wt%;所述碱性化合物优选选自氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钠和碳酸钾中的一种或多种,更优选为氢氧化钠;和/或
    所述表面交联剂选自多元醇类化合物、环氧化合物、胺类化合物和金属无机盐中的一种或多种;所述多元醇类化合物优选选自乙二醇、丙二醇、丙三醇、1,4-丁二醇或季戊四醇;所述环氧化合物优选选自(聚)乙二醇二缩水甘油醚、1,4-丁二醇二缩水甘油醚、碳酸亚乙酯或碳酸亚丙酯;所述胺类化合物优选选自三羟甲基氨基甲烷或碳化二亚胺;所述金属无机盐优选选自钙的无机盐、镁的无机盐、铝的无机盐、铁的无机盐、铜的无机盐或锌的无机盐。
  10. 根据权利要求6-9中任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述胶体粒子进行干燥的温度为100-240℃。
  11. 根据权利要求6-10中任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,
    所述胶体粒子进行干燥后,胶粒经过进一步研磨和筛分以控制超吸水性聚合物颗粒的尺寸;其中,粒径为150-700微米的超吸水性聚合物颗粒所占比例大于等于92wt%。
  12. 根据权利要求6-11中任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述表面交联处理的工艺条件包括:反应温度为50-150℃,优选为80-130℃;反应时间为0.5h-3h,优选为1h-2h;
    可选地,基于干燥后的超吸水性聚合物颗粒,在表面交联处理之后加入0-2wt%的不溶性无机粉末;所述不溶性无机粉末优选选自二氧化硅、硅石、二氧化钛、氧化铝、氧化镁、氧化锌、滑石、磷酸钙、粘土、硅藻土、 沸石、膨润土、高岭土、水滑石和活性粘土中的一种或多种,更优选为二氧化硅。
  13. 根据权利要求6-12中任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在聚合反应过程中加入至少一种热引发剂,所述热引发剂为偶氮类引发剂,优选选自偶氮二异丁腈、偶氮二氰基戊酸、偶氮双二甲基戊腈、2,2’-偶氮双(2-脒基丙烷)二盐酸盐、偶氮双脒基丙烷二盐酸盐、2,2’-偶氮双(N,N-二亚甲基异丁脒)二盐酸盐、2-(氨基甲酰基偶氮)异丁腈和4,4-偶氮双(4-氰基戊酸)中的一种或多种;
    优选地,基于所述含有羧基的烯属不饱和单体和/或其盐的重量,所述热引发剂的用量为0.005wt%-1wt%,更优选为0.01wt%-0.2wt%。
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CN114290783A (zh) * 2021-11-24 2022-04-08 四川师范大学 一种抗菌保湿的双层材料及其制备方法
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