WO2021196262A1 - 复合地板及其制备设备组 - Google Patents

复合地板及其制备设备组 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021196262A1
WO2021196262A1 PCT/CN2020/084274 CN2020084274W WO2021196262A1 WO 2021196262 A1 WO2021196262 A1 WO 2021196262A1 CN 2020084274 W CN2020084274 W CN 2020084274W WO 2021196262 A1 WO2021196262 A1 WO 2021196262A1
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Prior art keywords
composite floor
core
extrusion
layer
glass fiber
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PCT/CN2020/084274
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
唐道远
Original Assignee
安徽森泰木塑科技地板有限公司
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Publication of WO2021196262A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021196262A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/16—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers
    • B29C48/18—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
    • B29C48/0022—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
    • B29C48/305—Extrusion nozzles or dies having a wide opening, e.g. for forming sheets
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2009/00—Layered products

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of co-extruded foam boards, in particular to a composite floor and a preparation equipment group thereof.
  • the existing composite flooring is mostly made of boards of various materials such as density boards and wood boards and functional layers such as wear-resistant layers. It not only has a fire hazard, but also has a relatively large density, which brings about the transportation of this type of composite flooring. It is inconvenient and the transportation cost is high.
  • the authorized announcement number is CN 209603434 U’s
  • Chinese utility model patent discloses a weather-resistant PVC floor, which includes a wear-resistant layer, a stabilizing layer, a foaming layer and a drainage layer from top to bottom. The layers are connected by coating and bonding. Among them, The foam layer is made of foamed PVC material, and the density of the composite floor can be reduced.
  • the flexural elastic modulus of the composite floor is often insufficient, that is, it is easy to deform under the pressure of pedaling, which gives customers unstable and unsafe use.
  • floors used outdoors tend to reach higher temperatures under the hot sun, and the bending elastic modulus of PVC foam materials will rapidly decay at high temperatures, making the above-mentioned defects magnified.
  • a glass fiber reinforced layer is arranged in the core layer material of the composite floor. Enhance the role of support, and if the application publication number is CN
  • the Chinese invention patent of 105003060 A discloses a continuous glass fiber reinforced composite floor and its manufacturing method, which uses glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic prepreg tape to reinforce the outermost layer of the composite floor.
  • the glass fiber impregnated reinforcement material should not be directly installed on the surface of the composite floor or too close to the surface of the composite floor. Otherwise, the pressure will not be dispersed on the glass fiber impregnation. The support performance of the reinforced material will be greatly reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to set a pressure dispersion layer on the glass fiber impregnated reinforced material.
  • the pressure dispersion layer usually uses an independent extruder to co-extrude a layer of PVC material. To the glass fiber impregnated reinforcement material, and at the same time combined with the main PVC foam material.
  • Figure 1 contains a main extruder to extrude the foamed PVC material into the extrusion die, and the glass fiber impregnated reinforcement materials arranged up and down are directly input to the extrusion die through the crimping device.
  • another second extruder used to disperse the pressure extrudes the PVC layer into the extrusion die to cover the glass fiber impregnated reinforcing material.
  • this kind of preparation equipment/process cannot achieve a composite floor material structure of pressure dispersion layer/glass fiber impregnated reinforcing material/core material with only one extruder and extrusion die, and a second extruder must be added. , It takes up more space, and the equipment cost and energy consumption remain high.
  • this application aims to save equipment costs and energy consumption for preparing composite flooring with a pressure dispersion layer/glass fiber impregnated reinforcement material/core material structure.
  • the composite floor prepared by it.
  • Composite floor including:
  • the core is a rigid plate-shaped member made of integrally molded foam material.
  • the plate-shaped member includes a surface and a bottom surface that are opposed to each other. The surface is for stepping on when the composite floor is in use, and the bottom surface Adjacent to the ground when the composite floor is in use;
  • the protective layer at least covers the surface of the core.
  • the protective layer is usually made of ASA plastic material, which has certain weather resistance and wear resistance;
  • the number of reinforcement layers is at least two layers, which are arranged in the core body, and the reinforcement layer near the surface is provided with a bearing surface for bearing the composite floor when stepped on; the distance from the protective layer is at least 2 mm, and the surface is close to the bottom surface.
  • the reinforcement layer is at least 2mm away from the bottom surface, and the hardness of the reinforcement layer is relatively large. Correspondingly, it often has a certain degree of brittleness.
  • the reinforcement layer close to the surface needs to disperse the pressure before acting on it to better play its supporting role.
  • the reinforcement layer close to the bottom surface can further enhance the resistance of the composite floor to deformation.
  • the reinforcement layer is located inside the core.
  • the part between the surface of the core and the reinforcement layer is the pressure dispersion layer described in the background art. Layer up.
  • the material made of the core is an integrally formed PVC foam material.
  • the material for making the reinforcing layer is glass fiber impregnated material.
  • the reinforcing layer is a glass fiber impregnated belt formed by glass fiber impregnated with ABS engineering plastic.
  • ABS engineering plastics Compared with PP and PE materials, ABS engineering plastics have better compatibility with ABS materials, making it easier for glass fiber impregnated materials to blend with PVC foam materials.
  • irregularly arranged short glass fibers are distributed in the core.
  • the combination of short glass fibers and the reinforcement layer further enhances the bending elastic modulus of the composite floor.
  • Short glass fiber refers to glass fiber with a length of less than 6mm.
  • the preparation equipment group of composite floor includes:
  • Mold used to combine core material, reinforcement layer material and protective layer material, and provide physical space for foaming of core material
  • a core material extrusion device the number of which is one, for extruding the core material into the mold
  • the reinforcement layer material conveying device has at least two reinforcement material protection channels, the reinforcement material protection channel at least partially penetrates into the inside of the mold, the outlet of the reinforcement material protection channel and the shaping of the PVC foam material
  • a pressure dispersion interval is set between the boundaries; the pressure dispersion interval is 2 to 5 mm.
  • a protective layer material extruding device for squeezing the protective layer material into the mold
  • the traction device is used for traction of the composite floor material cooled by the cooling device.
  • a cutting device is also provided, and the cutting device is usually formed as an integral traction cutting device with the traction device.
  • the glass fiber impregnated material in the prior art is directly added to the extrusion die, and it can only be covered on the surface of the PVC foam material first, and then covered with a layer of PVC material, that is, two PVC material extruders are required, otherwise , There is no guarantee that the glass fiber impregnated material can be effectively integrated into the inside of the PVC material.
  • the reinforced material protection channel is provided to isolate the glass fiber impregnated material from the PVC material on the path of conveying the glass fiber impregnated material. After reaching the designated position, the glass fiber impregnated material is released, contacting with the PVC foam material, and then co-extruded. Out, it can be realized that the glass fiber impregnated material can be effectively and stably integrated into the foamed PVC material with only one extruder.
  • the number of the reinforcement layer material conveying device is two.
  • the two-layer glass fiber impregnated material has been able to meet the requirements of the floor's flexural modulus of elasticity.
  • the core material extrusion direction of the core material extrusion device and the extrusion direction of the composite floor material are located on the same conveying path, and the two reinforcement layer material conveying devices are respectively located in the same conveying path. Above and below the core material extrusion device.
  • the reinforced material protection channels of the two reinforced layer material conveying devices are respectively put into the mold from above and below, and then bend to make the outlet of the reinforced material protection channel reach the appropriate position, and the space on both sides of the mold When vacant, one or more protective layer material extrusion devices can be placed.
  • the core material extrusion direction of the core material extrusion device and the extrusion direction of the composite floor material are located on two alternately connected extrusion paths, and the two reinforcing layer materials
  • the conveying direction of the conveying device and the extrusion direction of the composite floor material are located on the same conveying path.
  • the reinforced material protection channels of the two reinforced layer material conveying devices are respectively located above and below and enter the mold in parallel, so that the outlet of the reinforced material protection channel can reach a suitable position without bending.
  • one side is used to place the core material extrusion device, and the other side can be placed one or two protective layer material extrusion devices.
  • the extrusion direction of the core material of the core material extrusion device is perpendicular to the extrusion direction of the composite floor material.
  • the composite floor according to the embodiments of the application has an integrally formed core material, and at least two reinforcing layers are embedded in the core material, which can effectively enhance the flexural modulus of the floor.
  • the amount can reach more than 2000MPa, and the bending strength can reach more than 40MPa;
  • the core material of the composite floor described in the examples of the application is provided with irregularly arranged glass fiber reinforcement ribs, which are matched with at least two layers of reinforcement. Even when the temperature reaches 80°C, the bending mode The amount can still reach more than 1400MPa, and the bending strength can reach more than 25MPa.
  • the composite floor and its preparation equipment set described in the examples of the application only need one core material extruder to realize the pressure dispersion layer of the composite floor when co-extruding the composite floor material.
  • the glass fiber impregnated reinforced material/core material structure can save equipment cost and preparation energy consumption, and save equipment installation space.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the foamed PVC floor extrusion equipment in the prior art
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the side cross-sectional structure of the composite floor
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a device group according to an embodiment of the application.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the mold in Figure 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a device group according to another embodiment of the application.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the mold in Fig. 5;
  • Composite flooring referring to Figure 2, is composed of a core 1 made of PVC foam material and a reinforcement layer 2 made of two layers of glass fiber impregnated materials arranged in the core 1, and the surface of the core 1 is also A protective layer 3 made of ASA plastic material is provided;
  • the material of the core 1 can also be PS (polystyrene) foamed material or PE (polyethylene) foamed material, and the foamed material of the core 1 can be selected according to the actual requirements of the floor.
  • PS polystyrene
  • PE polyethylene
  • the reinforcement layer 2 is usually a glass fiber impregnated material, usually a glass fiber impregnated tape formed by glass fiber impregnated with ABS plastic.
  • the specific impregnation process is the prior art, such as the CFRT molding process, which will not be repeated in this application.
  • PS polystyrene
  • the protective layer 3 is usually a film made of ASA plastic material.
  • the thickness of the core 1 is 20 to 30 mm, and when the surface is rectangular, the side length of the surface is usually 120 to 160 mm, and the distance between the glass fiber impregnated material near the surface of the core 1 and the surface is controlled to be 2 to 5 mm. The distance between the glass fiber impregnated material near the bottom surface of the core 1 and the bottom surface is also controlled within 2-5 mm, and the thickness of the protective layer 3 is usually 0.7-1.2 mm.
  • sample 1 is a PVC foam material with a 3% mass fraction of short glass fibers with a length of 2-6mm in an irregular distribution.
  • the core 1 has a thickness of 24mm and a rectangular surface. The side length of the rectangular surface is 140mm.
  • the glass fiber impregnated ABS material near the bottom surface of the core 1 is The spacing of the bottom surface is also controlled at 3mm, and the thickness of the protective layer 3 is 0.9mm.
  • Sample 2 is defined as: the short glass fiber and glass fiber impregnated ABS material are removed from the sample 1, and the other parameters and materials are the same as the sample 1.
  • sample 1 has sufficient mechanical properties even in outdoor high-temperature environments and can fully meet the requirements of use.
  • the composite floor preparation equipment group consists of a mold with foaming function a, a core material extrusion device b, two reinforcement layer material conveying devices c, and one or two protective layer materials Extrusion device d, a cooling device d, traction device f and cutting device constitute.
  • the core material extruding device b is a PVC foaming material extruder
  • the reinforcing layer material conveying device c is a roll of glass fiber impregnated material rolled on a reel, and the roll is powered by the traction device f and is input into the mold a through the reinforced material protection channel c-1, and the reinforced material protection channel c-1
  • the cross section of is a flat opening that matches the shape of the glass fiber impregnated material coil;
  • the protective layer material extruding device d is an ASA plastic material extruder
  • the cooling device d includes two cooling areas.
  • the first is dry cooling.
  • the composite floor material is extruded and transported to a closed conveying channel with cold water jackets.
  • the composite floor material is in contact with each other to achieve cooling.
  • the composite floor material enters the water tank and contacts with the cooling water for wet cooling.
  • the temperature of the composite floor material just after extrusion reaches about 190°C, so it is not suitable to use cooling water directly.
  • Contact cooling at the same time, the vacuum effect of dry cooling also helps to shape the composite floor material;
  • the traction device f, the cutting device and even the traction and cutting integrated device are all commonly used equipment in the field, and will not be repeated here.
  • the extrusion direction of the PVC foam material of the PVC foam material extruder and the extrusion direction of the composite floor material in the die a are located on the same conveying path, and the two reinforcements
  • the layer material conveying device c is located above and below the PVC foaming material extruder, and two glass fiber impregnated material coils are respectively put into the mold 1 from above and below through the reinforced material protection channel 3-1, and then they are bent. It can make the exit of the reinforced material protection channel reach a suitable position, and the space on both sides of the mold a can be vacated, and one or more ASA plastic material extruders can be placed. At this time, only one PVC foam material extruder is required for this application. The advantages of exiting the machine and saving space can be highlighted, and two or more ASA plastic material extruders can be placed relatively generously.
  • the extrusion direction of the PVC foam material of the PVC foam material extruder is perpendicular to the direction of the composite floor material in the mold, and the two reinforcing layer materials are conveyed
  • the conveying direction of device c is on the same conveying path as the extrusion direction of the composite floor material in die a, and the two glass fiber impregnated material coils enter the die 1 through the two parallel reinforcing material protection channels 3-1, and no more After bending, the outlet of the reinforced material protection channel can reach a suitable position.
  • one side is used to place the PVC foaming material extruder, and the other side can be placed one or two ASA plastics. Material extruder.

Abstract

本发明涉及一种复合地板及其制备设备组，属于共挤发泡板技术领域。复合地板包含有芯体，芯体为一体成型的发泡材料制成的板状件，还包含有设置于芯体内的增强层和设置于芯体表面的防护层。制备设备组包含有模具、一个芯体材料挤出装置、增强层材料输送装置、防护层材料挤出装置、冷却装置和牵引装置。该复合地板具有优异的弯折弹性模量性能，设备组能够有效降低复合地板的设备成本、制备能耗和设备的占用空间。

Description

复合地板及其制备设备组 技术领域
本发明涉及共挤发泡板技术领域，具体涉及一种复合地板及其制备设备组。
 背景技术
现有的复合地板多为密度板、木板等多种材料的板材与耐磨层等功能层复合而成，其不仅具有火灾隐患，还具有较大的密度，为该类型复合地板的运输带来不便，并且运输成本较高。
现有技术中，有采用发泡PVC材料代替至少部分上述的密度板、木板制备复合地板的技术方案，如授权公告号为CN 209603434 U的中国实用新型专利公开的一种耐候PVC地板，其包括有从上至下的耐磨层、稳定层、发泡层和排水层，各层之间通过涂覆粘结实现连接，其中，发泡层即采用发泡PVC材料，复合地板的密度得以降低。
然而，当以发泡PVC材料作为复合地板的主要芯层材料时，该复合地板的弯曲弹性模量往往不足，即其容易在踩踏的压力下发生形变，给客户以不稳定、不安全的使用体验，尤其是在室外使用的地板，在烈日的暴晒下往往会达到较高的温度，PVC发泡材料在高温下其弯曲弹性模量会迅速衰减，使得上述缺陷得以放大。
为了克服这种弯曲弹性模量偏低的缺陷，往往需要增加地面龙骨铺设的密度，以对该复合地板形成足够的支撑。
也有现有技术，为了增加该复合地板的弹性模量，会在复合地板的芯层材料中设置玻璃纤维增强层，如上述的现有技术中，其稳定层中即设置有玻璃纤维，起到增强支撑的作用，又如申请公布号为CN 105003060 A的中国发明专利，公开了一种连续玻纤增强复合地板及其制造方法，其采用玻纤增强热塑预浸带，用于增强复合地板的最外层。
而对于以发泡PVC为芯体材料的复合地板而言，玻纤浸渍增强材料不宜直接设置于复合地板的表层或与复合地板的表层举例太近，否则，压力未经分散作用于玻纤浸渍增强材料之上会导致其支撑性能大打折扣，因此，需要在玻纤浸渍增强材料上设置压力分散层，该压力分散层通常是另外采用一台独立的挤出机将一层PVC材料共挤出至玻纤浸渍增强材料上，同时与主体的PVC发泡材料相结合。
其具体的制备设备图参考本申请说明书的图1，图1中包含一台主挤出机挤出发泡PVC材料进入挤出模具，上下设置的玻纤浸渍增强材料通过卷曲装置直接输入至挤出模具中，另有一台用于分散压力的第二挤出机挤出PVC层至挤出模具中使其覆盖于玻纤浸渍增强材料之上，挤出模具的具体结构可参考申请公布号为CN 105522712 A的中国发明专利所公开的一种用于制备连续长纤维增强PVC木塑制品的挤出模具，其能够实现芯层料、表层料（即压力分散层）和连续长纤维三者的有效结合。
 技术问题
但是，这种制备设备/工艺无法实现仅用一台挤出机配合挤出模具生成压力分散层/玻纤浸渍增强材料/芯体材料复合的地板材料结构，必须要额外增加第二挤出机，较为占据空间，且设备成本、能耗都居高不下。
 技术解决方案
针对上述问题，本申请以节约压力分散层/玻纤浸渍增强材料/芯体材料结构的复合地板的设备成本和制备能耗为目的，进行开发研究，提供了能够解决上述技术问题的设备组及其所制备的复合地板。
本发明解决上述问题的技术方案如下：
复合地板，包含有：
芯体，为由一体成型的发泡材料制成的刚性的板状件，所述板状件包含有相对设置的表面和底面，所述表面在所述复合地板使用时供踩踏，所述底面在所述复合地板使用时与地面相邻；
防护层，至少覆盖于所述芯体的表面, 防护层通常采用ASA塑料材料，具有一定的耐候性能和耐磨性能；
增强层，数量至少为两层，设置于所述芯体内，靠近表面的所述增强层上设置有用于承受所述复合地板受到踩踏时的承受面；距离所述防护层至少2mm，靠近底面的所述增强层距离底面至少2mm，增强层的硬度较大，相应的，其往往具备一定的脆性，靠近表面的增强层需要将压力分散后再作用于其上方能较好的发挥其支撑作用，靠近底面的增强层能够进一步增强复合地板对于变形的抵抗力。
增强层位于芯体的内部，芯体的表面与增强层之间的部分即为背景技术中所述的压力分散层，其通过将踩踏的压力经压缩变形吸收，再将其分散的传递至增强层上。
作为上述技术方案的优选，制成所述芯体的材料为一体成型的PVC发泡材料。
作为上述技术方案的优选，制成所述增强层的材料为玻璃纤维浸渍材料。
作为上述技术方案的优选，所述增强层为玻璃纤维浸渍ABS工程塑料形成的玻璃纤维浸渍带。
ABS工程塑料相对于PP、PE材料而言与ABS材料有着更好的相容性，使得玻璃纤维浸渍材料更容易与PVC发泡材料相融合。
作为上述技术方案的优选，所述芯体内分布有不规则排列的短玻璃纤维。短玻璃纤维与增强层相配合进一步增强了复合地板的弯曲弹性模量。
短玻璃纤维指的是长度小于6mm的玻璃纤维。
复合地板的制备设备组，包含有：
模具，用于组合芯体材料、增强层材料和防护层材料，并为芯体材料进行发泡提供物理空间；
芯体材料挤出装置，其数量为一个，用于将芯体的材料挤入所述模具内；
增强层材料输送装置，其数量至少为两个，具有增强材料防护通道，所述增强材料防护通道至少部分深入至所述模具的内部，所述增强材料防护通道的出口与PVC发泡材料的定型边界之间设置有压力分散间距；所述压力分散间距为2~5mm。
防护层材料挤出装置，用于将防护层材料挤入所述模具内；
冷却装置，用于冷却从所述模具中挤出的复合地板材料；
牵引装置，用于牵引经所述冷却装置冷却后的复合地板材料。
还设置有切割装置，切割装置通常与牵引装置形成一体的牵引切割装置。
现有技术中的玻纤浸渍材料直接加入到挤出模具中，其只能先覆盖在PVC发泡材料的表面上，在另外覆盖一层PVC材料，即需要两台PVC材料挤出机，否则，无法保障玻纤浸渍材料能够有效地融入PVC材料内部。
而本申请通过设置增强材料防护通道，在输送玻璃纤维浸渍材料的路径上先将其与PVC材料隔绝，到达指定位置后再将玻璃纤维浸渍材料释放，与PVC发泡材料相接触，进而共同挤出，使得仅采用一台挤出机即可实现玻纤浸渍材料能够有效、稳定地融入发泡PVC材料内部。
作为上述技术方案的优选，所述增强层材料输送装置的数量为两个。
通常而言，两层玻璃纤维浸渍材料已经能够满足地板的弯曲弹性模量参数的需求。
作为上述技术方案的优选，所述芯体材料挤出装置的芯体材料挤出方向与所述复合地板材料的挤出方向位于同一输送路径上，两个所述增强层材料输送装置分别位于所述芯体材料挤出装置的上方和下方。
在这个技术方案中，两个增强层材料输送装置的增强材料防护通道分别从上方和下放进入模具中，再经过弯折即可使得增强材料防护通道的出口到达合适的位置，模具的两侧空间空出，可以放置一台乃至多台防护层材料挤出装置。
作为上述技术方案的优选，所述芯体材料挤出装置的芯体材料挤出方向与所述复合地板材料的挤出方向位于交错连通的两个挤出路径上，两个所述增强层材料输送装置的输送方向与所述复合地板材料的挤出方向位于同一输送路径上。
在这个技术方案中，两个增强层材料输送装置的增强材料防护通道分别位于上方和下放平行的进入模具中，无需再经过弯折即可使得增强材料防护通道的出口到达合适的位置，模具的两侧空间中，一侧用于放置芯体材料挤出装置，另一侧可以放置一台或两台防护层材料挤出装置。
作为上述技术方案的优选，所述芯体材料挤出装置的芯体材料挤出方向与所述复合地板材料的挤出方向相垂直。
 有益效果
综上所述，本申请实施例具有以下有益效果：
1）本申请实施例所述的复合地板具有一体成型的芯体材料，至少两层增强层埋设于芯体材料内部，能够有效的增强该地板的弯曲弹性模量，在常温下，其弯曲模量可达2000MPa以上,弯曲强度可达40MPa以上；
2）进一步的，本申请实施例所述的复合地板的芯体材料中设置有不规则排列的玻璃纤维加强筋，与至少两层增强层相配合，即使在温度达到80℃时，其弯曲模量依旧可达1400MPa以上,弯曲强度可达25MPa以上。
3）再进一步的，本申请实施例所述的复合地板及其制备设备组在共挤出复合地板材料时只需一台芯体材料的挤出机即可实现该复合地板的压力分散层/玻纤浸渍增强材料/芯体材料结构，能够节约设备成本和制备能耗，并节约了设备的安置空间。
 附图说明
图1为现有技术中发泡PVC地板挤出设备结构示意图；
图2为复合地板侧截面结构示意图；
图3为本申请实施例所述的设备组结构示意图；
图4为图3中模具的结构示意图；
图5为本申请另一个实施例所述的设备组结构示意图；
图6为图5中模具的结构示意图；
图中，1-芯体、2-增强层、3-防护层、a-模具、b-芯体材料挤出装置、c-增强层材料输送装置、c-1-防护通道、d-防护层材料挤出装置、e-冷却装置、f-牵引装置。
 本发明的实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
下面结合附图以实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
实施例：复合地板，参考图2，由PVC发泡材料制成的芯体1和设置于芯体1内的两层玻璃纤维浸渍材料制成的增强层2所构成，芯体1的表面还设置有ASA塑料材料制成的防护层3；
其中，芯体1的材料也可以是PS（聚苯乙烯）发泡材料，也可以是PE（聚乙烯）发泡材料，芯体1的发泡材料可根据地板的实际需求而进行选择。
增强层2通常为玻璃纤维浸渍材料，通常为玻璃纤维浸渍ABS塑料所形成的玻璃纤维浸渍带，具体的浸渍工艺为现有技术，如CFRT成型工艺，本申请中不再复述。当增强层2采用玻璃纤维浸渍PP或PE材料所形成的的玻璃纤维浸渍带时，在与PVC发泡材料共挤出时还需在该玻璃纤维浸渍带表面涂覆PS（聚苯乙烯），以使其与PVC发泡材料更好的结合。
防护层3通常为ASA塑料材料制成的薄膜。
具体的，芯体1的厚度为20~30mm，其表面为矩形时，表面的边长通常为120~160mm，靠近芯体1表面的玻璃纤维浸渍材料与该表面的间距控制在2~5mm，靠近芯体1底面的玻璃纤维浸渍材料与该底面的间距也控制在2~5mm，防护层3的厚度通常为0.7~1.2mm。
本申请将样品1定义为：芯体1为PVC发泡材料其内部无规则的分布有质量分数为3%的长度为2~6mm的短玻璃纤维，芯体1的厚度为24mm、表面为矩形，矩形表面的边长为140mm，玻璃纤维浸渍ABS材料为两个，靠近芯体1表面的玻璃纤维浸渍ABS材料与该表面的间距控制在3mm，靠近芯体1底面的玻璃纤维浸渍ABS材料与该底面的间距也控制在3mm，防护层3的厚度为0.9mm。
样品2定义为：样品1中除去短玻璃纤维和玻璃纤维浸渍ABS材料，其余参数和材料均与样品1相同。
样品1和样品2经测试后的各项性能参数见下表：
Figure 713981dest_path_image002
由上表可知，样品1的复合地板其常温（23℃）下和高温（70℃）下的力学性能均较样品2有较大提升，其中样品1在70℃下的弯曲强度和弯曲模量与样品2在23℃下的弯曲强度和弯曲模量基本持平，由此可见，样品1即使在户外高温环境下也具备足够的力学性能，完全能够满足使用需求。
由上表还可见，样品1的线性膨胀系数较样品2有大幅度的缩减，这是由于短玻璃纤维和玻璃纤维浸渍ABS材料的存在限制了PVC塑料发泡材料的应力作用，能够有效减缓其热胀冷缩的程度，延长了复合地板的使用寿命。
参考图3~图6，复合地板的制备设备组，由一个带有发泡功能的模具a、一个芯体材料挤出装置b、两个增强层材料输送装置c、一个或两个防护层材料挤出装置d、一个冷却装置d以及牵引装置f和切割装置所构成。
具体的，芯体材料挤出装置b为PVC发泡材料挤出机；
增强层材料输送装置c为卷轴卷着的玻璃纤维浸渍材料卷材，再将该卷材以牵引装置f提供动力通过增强材料防护通道c-1输入至模具a中，增强材料防护通道c-1的横截面为与玻璃纤维浸渍材料卷材形状相适配的扁平开口；
防护层材料挤出装置d为ASA塑料材料挤出机；
冷却装置d包括两段冷却区域，首先是干法冷却，复合地板材料经挤出后输送至上下设置有冷水夹套的密闭输送通道中，再对该输送通道进行抽真空，使得冷水夹套与复合地板材料相接触，实现降温，干法冷却后，复合地板材料再进入水槽中与冷却水接触进行湿法冷却，复合地板材料刚经挤出后温度达到190℃左右，不适宜用冷却水直接接触冷却，与此同时，干法冷却的抽真空作用还有助于复合地板材料的定型；
牵引装置f、切割装置乃至牵引切割一体化装置均为本领域常用的设备，在此不予复述。
见图3和图4，在一个优选的实施例中，PVC发泡材料挤出机的PVC发泡材料挤出方向与模具a中复合地板材料的挤出方向位于同一输送路径上，两个增强层材料输送装置c分别位于PVC发泡材料挤出机的上方和下方，两条玻璃纤维浸渍材料卷材分别通过增强材料防护通道3-1从上方和下放进入模具1中，再经过弯折即可使得增强材料防护通道的出口到达合适的位置，模具a的两侧空间空出，可以放置一台乃至多台ASA塑料材料挤出机, 此时,本申请仅需一台PVC发泡材料挤出机、能够节省空间的优势就得以凸显，能够较为宽裕的放置两台甚至多台ASA塑料材料挤出机。
见图5和图6，在另一个优选的实施例中，PVC发泡材料挤出机的PVC发泡材料挤出方向与模具中复合地板材料的挤出方向相垂直，两个增强层材料输送装置c的输送方向与模具a中复合地板材料的挤出方向位于同一输送路径上，两条玻璃纤维浸渍材料卷材分别通过两个平行的增强材料防护通道3-1进入模具1中，无需再经过弯折即可使得增强材料防护通道的出口到达合适的位置，模具a的两侧空间中，一侧用于放置PVC发泡材料挤出机，另一侧可以放置一台或两台ASA塑料材料挤出机。
申请人声明，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，所属技术领域的技术人员应该明了，任何属于本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，均落在本发明的保护范围和公开范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 复合地板，其特征在于，包含有：
    芯体（1），为由一体成型的发泡材料制成的刚性的板状件，所述板状件包含有相对设置的表面和底面，所述表面在所述复合地板使用时供踩踏，所述底面在所述复合地板使用时与地面相邻；
    防护层（3），至少覆盖于所述芯体（1）的表面；
    增强层（2），数量至少为两层，设置于所述芯体（1）内，靠近表面的所述增强层（2）距离所述防护层（3）至少2mm，靠近底面的所述增强层（2）距离底面至少2mm。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的复合地板，其特征在于：制成所述芯体（1）的材料为一体成型的PVC发泡材料。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的复合地板，其特征在于：制成所述增强层（2）的材料为玻璃纤维浸渍材料。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的复合地板，其特征在于：所述增强层（2）为玻璃纤维浸渍ABS工程塑料形成的玻璃纤维浸渍带。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的复合地板，其特征在于：所述芯体（1）内分布有不规则排列的短玻璃纤维。
  6. 用于制备如权利要求1~5中任一项所述的复合地板的设备组，其特征在于，包含有：
    模具（a），用于组合芯体材料、增强层材料和防护层材料，并为芯体材料进行发泡提供物理空间；
    芯体材料挤出装置（b），其数量为一个，用于将芯体的材料挤入所述模具（a）内；
    增强层材料输送装置（c），其数量至少为两个，具有增强材料防护通道（c-1），所述增强材料防护通道（c-1）至少部分深入至所述模具（a）的内部；
    防护层材料挤出装置（d），用于将防护层材料挤入所述模具（a）内；
    冷却装置（e），用于冷却从所述模具（a）中挤出的复合地板材料；
    牵引装置（f），用于牵引经所述冷却装置（e）冷却后的复合地板材料。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的制备复合地板的设备组，其特征在于：所述增强层材料输送装置（c）的数量为两个。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的制备复合地板的设备组，其特征在于：所述芯体材料挤出装置（b）的芯体材料挤出方向与所述复合地板材料的挤出方向位于同一输送路径上，两个所述增强层材料输送装置（c）分别位于所述芯体材料挤出装置（b）的上方和下方。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的制备复合地板的制备设备组，其特征在于：所述芯体材料挤出装置（b）的芯体材料挤出方向与所述复合地板材料的挤出方向位于交错连通的两个挤出路径上，两个所述增强层材料输送装置（c）的输送方向与所述复合地板材料的挤出方向位于同一输送路径上。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的制备复合地板的制备设备组，其特征在于：所述芯体材料挤出装置（b）的芯体材料挤出方向与所述复合地板材料的挤出方向相垂直。
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