Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
  • A01N59/02—Sulfur; Selenium; Tellurium; Compounds thereof

Definitions

• the present invention relates to methods of controlling fungal diseases in plants. More specifically, the present invention relates to treatment of foliar diseases in banana.
• Banana is of the most economically important crops grown in Asian, Africa and the Americas. Like all plants, the banana plant is subject to many diseases. The most damaging and possibly commercially important disease in banana is the Sigatoka disease, for example Yellow Sigatoka and Black Sigatoka disease, also known as black leaf streak.
• Yellow Sigatoka disease also called as Sigatoka leaf spot disease (SD) is a musicoia
• SD Sigatoka leaf spot disease
• the first sign of disease in SD is the appearance of small yellow streaks on the upper side of leaves. These streaks enlarge and coalesce forming necrotic lesions with light gray centres and yellow perimeters. Large areas of leaf can be damaged causing a lowering of pbofosynthetic ability, a reduction in crop yield and premature ripening of the fruit.
• Black Sigatoka disease is characterized by dark leaf spots that eventually enlarge and coalesce, causing much of the leaf area to turn yellow then brown to finally black.
• the disease is caused by Ascomycetes fungi Mycosphaerella fijiensis (Morelet).
• Mycosphaerella fijiensis (Morelet) is a very specific filamentous fungi, extremely slow growing, its properties differ significantly from the other plant pathogens such as powdery mildew and Botrytis cinerea.
• Black Sigatoka attacks leaves during the entire growth period up to the time of harvesting. It initially causes spotting and blotching of the leaf surfaces that results in necrosis and withering of the leaf tissue. The course of the disease is usually slow, but on account of the reduction of the active leaf surface leads to decrease in photosynthesis. This in turn results in decrease in growth and maturity of the fruit, which directly impacts the yield and quality of the fruit. Black Sigatoka has a wide host range and infects most species of banana including dessert bananas, cooking bananas, and plantains.
• the ascospores and to a certain extent conidia, are the propagules by which the fungus is dispersed by wind.
• the conidia form readily in high humidity, especially if a film of free water is present on leaves.
• These asexual spores disperse during rain-wash and splashing, causing local spread of the disease.
• the spread of the disease is rapid and chemical control is usually used to control and treat the disease.
• fungicides include commonly known contact fungicides such as mancozeb, chlorothalonil, as well as systemic fungicides such as morpholine, demethylation inhibitors (DMI), or strobiliurin (Qol) fungicides, benzimidazoles etc. Resistance to benzimidazole, DMI, and strobiliurin fungicides is widespread in many production areas.
• Sulphur is the chemical element with atomic number 16. It is an abundant, multivalent non-metal. Under normal conditions, sulphur atoms form cyclic octatomic molecules with chemical formula S8. At room temperature elemental sulphur is a bright yellow crystalline solid. Chemically, sulphur can react as either an oxidizing or reducing agent. It oxidizes most metals and several nonmetals, including carbon, which leads to its negative charge in most organosulphur compounds, but it reduces several strong oxidants, such as oxygen and fluorine. It is also the lightest element to easily produce stable exceptions to the octet rule.
• Sulphur is one of the oldest fungicide known, also widely used today as a fungicide for the control of powdery mildews, rusts, leaf blights and fruit rots (Agrios, G. N., Plant Pathology, 4th edition, p. 208). Sulphur inhibits fungal spore germination and disrupts fungal system through gaseous volatile agents (eg. Hydrogen Sulphide) and disrupts the metabolic processes of fungi and protects plants from diseases (Ellis, B. W. and F. Marshall Bradley, eds., Natural Insect and Disease Control, p. 369). Sulphur is also sometimes used as a miticide.
• gaseous volatile agents eg. Hydrogen Sulphide
• Kumulus D F a water dispersible granular fungicide
• rust mites a water dispersible granular fungicide
• Sulphur causes plant injury in hot and dry weather conditions.
• Some plants are sensitive to sulphur and plant damage can occur when temperatures during application are greater than 30°C.
• the present invention relates to use of fungicide for the treatment of foliar diseases in banana.
• It is an object of the present invention is to provide a method of controlling Yellow Sigatoka disease in banana.
• It is an object of the present invention is to provide a method of controlling Black Sigatoka disease in banana.
• Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a composition comprising sulphur for the control of Black Sigatoka in banana.
• Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a composition comprising sulphur for the control of Yellow Sigatoka in banana.
• Yet another object of the present invention is to provide the following advantages: a) A fungicide that was hitherto not known to be used to control black or yellow sigatoka for banana. b) A method of controlling black or yellow sigatoka and improving the health of the plant. c) A method of controlling black or yellow sigatoka and improving yield of the plant. d) A method of controlling black or yellow sigatoka that can rapidly prevent spread of the disease of the plant.
• the present invention provides a method of preventing or partially preventing Sigatoka disease or a symptom or condition associated with Sigatoka disease in banana, said method comprising applying sulphur to the locus of the disease.
• the present invention provides a method of preventing or partially preventing Yellow Sigatoka disease or a symptom or condition associated with Yellow Sigatoka disease in banana, said method comprising applying sulphur to the locus of the disease.
• the present invention provides a method of preventing or partially preventing Black Sigatoka or a symptom or condition associated with Black Sigatoka in banana, said method comprising applying sulphur to the locus of the disease.
• the present invention may provide a method for partial or complete curative control of the disease, condition, symptom or adverse effect associated with the incidence of Yellow Sigatoka in banana, said method comprising applying sulphur to the banana plant.
• the present invention may provide a method for partial or complete curative control of the disease, condition, symptom or adverse effect associated with the incidence of Black Sigatoka in banana, said method comprising applying sulphur to the banana plant.
• the present invention provides a method comprising applying sulphur and at least one another fungicide to the banana plant.
• the present invention may provide a method of increasing yield of a banana plant, said method comprising applying sulphur to the banana plant.
• Another aspect of the present invention may provide a composition for preventing or partially preventing Yellow Sigatoka or Black Sigatoka or a symptom or condition associated with Yellow Sigatoka or Black Sigatoka in banana, said composition comprising sulphur.
• the Sigatoka disease is Yellow Sigatoka caused by
• the Sigatoka disease is Black Sigatoka caused by
• Embodiments of the present invention also provide methods of preventing or partially preventing Yellow Sigatoka or a symptom or condition associated with Black Sigatoka in banana, comprising applying sulphur to the banana plant.
• Embodiments of the present invention also provide methods of preventing or partially preventing Black Sigatoka or a symptom or condition associated with Black Sigatoka in banana, comprising applying sulphur to the banana plant.
• sulphur is applied in an agrochemically efficacious amount.
• a composition comprising sulphur may be applied.
• sulphur or a composition thereof may be applied to an infected or to an uninfected banana plant.
• sulphur or a composition thereof may be applied to a plurality of banana plants.
• sulphur or a composition thereof may be applied to a field in which a plurality of banana plants are growing.
• sulphur has a preventive or prophylactic effect, as well as a curative effect, on Black or Yellow Sigatoka in banana.
• sulphur was found to be prophylactic in terms of preventing or partially preventing Black or Yellow Sigatoka or a symptom or condition associated with Black or Yellow Sigatoka in banana.
• Sulphur have been found to offer preventive and/or curative effects to the Black Sigatoka or Yellow Sigatoka infection in banana. Therefore, they are referred to herein as the active ingredients according to the present invention.
• the compound has not been previously used on banana, either pre- or post-harvest.
• the present inventors have therefore, surprisingly found that Sulphur can be used to prevent and/or control Black Sigatoka or Yellow Sigatoka disease in banana.
• use of sulphur results in prevention and/or control of Black Sigatoka and Yellow Sigatoka.
• the present invention provides in various embodiments, methods and compositions for preventing or partially preventing Black Sigatoka or a symptom or condition associated with Black Sigatoka in banana by applying sulphur to the affected or unaffected banana plant.
• the present invention provides in various embodiments, methods and compositions for preventing or partially preventing Yellow Sigatoka or a symptom or condition associated with Yellow Sigatoka in banana by applying sulphur to the affected or unaffected banana plant.
• the present inventors have surprisingly found the following hitherto unknown benefits of sulphur: prophylactically prevents or partially prevents Yellow and Black Sigatoka or a symptom or condition associated with Yellow or Black Sigatoka in banana; and partial or complete curative control of the disease, condition, symptom or adverse effect associated with the incidence of Yellow or Black Sigatoka in banana.
• Sulphur is administered in combination with a second fungicide.
• the second fungicide is a multisite contact fungicide.
• disease control denotes control and prevention of a disease. Controlling effects include all deviation from natural development, for example: killing, retardation, decrease of the fugal disease.
• plants refers to all physical parts of a plant, including seeds, seedlings, saplings, roots, tubers, stems, stalks, foliage and fruits.
• locus is intended to the site of the established vegetation and/or parts of the established vegetation such as leaves or foliage, saplings etc.
• Banana plants may be of any variety of the species Musa x paradisiaca.
• agriculturally acceptable amount of active refers to an amount of an active that kills or inhibits the plant disease for which control is desired, in an amount not significantly toxic to the plant being treated.
• the present invention can provide a method of preventing or partially preventing Yellow Sigatoka or a symptom or condition associated with Yellow Sigatoka in banana, said method comprising applying Sulphur or a composition comprising Sulphur to the banana plant.
• the present invention can provide a method of preventing or partially preventing Black Sigatoka or a symptom or condition associated with Black Sigatoka in banana, said method comprising applying Sulphur or a composition comprising Sulphur to the banana plant.
• sulphur is applied in the presence of a mineral oil.
• the present invention can provide a method of preventing or partially preventing Yellow Sigatoka or a symptom or condition associated with Yellow Sigatoka in banana, said method comprising applying Sulphur and a mineral oil to the banana plant.
• the present invention can provide a method of preventing or partially preventing Black Sigatoka or a symptom or condition associated with Black Sigatoka in banana, said method comprising applying Sulphur and a mineral oil to the banana plant.
• the present invention can provide a method of preventing or partially preventing Black Sigatoka or a symptom or condition associated with Black Sigatoka in banana, said method comprising applying Sulphur and at least one another fungicide to the banana plant.
• the present invention can provide a method of preventing or partially preventing Yellow Sigatoka or a symptom or condition associated with Yellow Sigatoka in banana, said method comprising applying Sulphur and at least one another fungicide to the banana plant.
• the present invention provides a method of increasing yield of a banana plant, said method comprising applying Sulphur to the banana plant.
• sulphur is applied to the affected banana plants in the form of a composition.
• the present invention can provide a method of preventing or partially preventing Black Sigatoka or a symptom or condition associated with Black Sigatoka in banana, said method comprising applying a composition comprising Sulphur to the banana plant.
• the present invention can provide a method of preventing or partially preventing Yellow Sigatoka or a symptom or condition associated with Yellow Sigatoka in banana, said method comprising applying a composition comprising Sulphur to the banana plant.
• the present invention may also provide a composition for preventing or partially preventing Black Sigatoka or a symptom or condition associated with Black Sigatoka in banana, said composition comprising Sulphur.
• the present invention may also provide a composition for preventing or partially preventing Yellow Sigatoka or a symptom or condition associated with Yellow Sigatoka in banana, said composition comprising Sulphur.
• the composition comprising Sulphur may be a solid or a liquid composition.
• the composition may be a suspension concentrate composition comprising sulfur.
• the present invention provides a suspension concentrate comprising particulate sulfur suspended in an aqueous medium, said aqueous medium additionally comprising at least one surfactant.
• the particulate sulfur has a particle size diameter distribution of Dgo less than 10 microns.
• composition may be sprayed alone or may be mixed with adjuvants.
• Suitable adjuvants according to present invention are selected from surfactants, oils, thickener, antifoaming agent, biocide and solvents.
• oils used may include but are not limited to mineral oils, vegetable oils and fats, sunflower oil, high-oleic sunflower oil, soybean oil, corn oil, peanut oil, cottonseed oil, sesame oil, rapeseed oil, high-oleic rapeseed oil, olive oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, safflower oil, high oleic safflower oil and the like.
• the surfactants selected may include but are not limited to, nonionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, cationic surfactant and anionic surfactants.
• the addition of a surfactant can improve adhesion of the active to the surface of the leaf as well as improve bio-availability of the active.
• nonionic surfactants may include polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene castor oil, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether and the like, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene castor oil, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters; alcohol ethoxylates, alkylpyrrolidones, alkyl phenol ethoxylated alcohol such as nonylphenol ethoxylated alcohol amphoteric surfactant such as poly-octyl amino ethyl glycine, coconut oil fatty acid amide propyl betaine, such as imidazoline derivatives, and among others, poly-octyl amino ethyl glycine, coconut oil fatty acid amide propyl betaine may be used.
• Exemplary cationic surfactant may be selected from polyoxyethylene cocoamine, lauryl dihydroxyethyl amine, cationized cellulose, chloride lauryl trimethyl ammonium, quaternary ammonium salts, such as stearyltrimethylammonium chloride, and among others, polyoxyethylene cocoamine, cationized cellulose, lauryl dihydroxyethyl amine is preferably used.
• Anionic surfactant may be selected from potassium soap, sodium lauryl sulfate, polyoxyethylene sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate, castor oil sodium sulfate, an alkyl ether phosphoric acid esters.
• the surfactant may be selected from salts of naphthalenesulphonic acid/formaldehyde condensates, salts of condensates of naphthalenesulphonic acid, phenolsulphonic acid and formaldehyde preferably fatty alcohol ethoxylate, fatty alcohol oxyethylenate, sodium naphthalene formaldehyde condensate, sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate.
• the surfactant may be present in an amount of about 0.2 to about 5% by total weight of the formulation.
• any biodegradable surfactant may be used in the compositions of the present invention.
• the preferred formulations according to an embodiment of the present invention preferably include at least one thickener.
• the thickener according to the present invention may be selected from a heteropolysaccharide or a synthetic or natural gum.
• the gum may preferably be in the form of a gel of predetermined strengths such as 2 percent.
• the thickener may be present in an amount of about 0.1 % to about 5% by total weight of the formulation.
• the formulations according to the present invention may include at least one anti foaming agent.
• the anti-foaming agent included within the formulations of the present invention may be selected from but are not limited to stearates; silicones; dimethyl polysiloxanes and ethoxylates.
• the anti- foaming agent is dimethyl polysiloxanes , polyorganosiloxane or a silicone based defoamer.
• the anti-foaming agent may be present within the formulations according to the present invention in an amount of about 0.1% to about 5% by total weight of the formulation.
• the formulations of the present invention may include a biocide, which may be a mixture comprising dipropylene glycol, 1, 2-bezisothiazolin-3-one or sodium hydroxide and water.
• a biocide which may be a mixture comprising dipropylene glycol, 1, 2-bezisothiazolin-3-one or sodium hydroxide and water.
• the biocide may be present within the formulations according to the present invention in an amount of about 0.1 to about 0.5% by total weight of the formulation.
• the formulation of the present invention also includes solvent such as distilled water.
• sulphur may be mixed with other fungicides which are known to be used for prophylactic or curative control of Black Sigatoka disease, such fungicides may be tank mixed or formulated into a specific formulation.
• sulphur may be mixed with other fungicides which are known to be used for prophylactic or curative control of Yellow Sigatoka disease, such fungicides may be tank mixed or formulated into a specific formulation.
• the present invention can provide a method of partial or complete curative control of the disease, condition, symptom or adverse effect associated with the incidence of Black Sigatoka in banana, said method comprising applying Sulphur in combination with a second fungicide to the locus of the disease.
• the present invention can provide a method of partial or complete curative control of the disease, condition, symptom or adverse effect associated with the incidence of Yellow Sigatoka in banana, said method comprising applying Sulphur in combination with a second fungicide to the locus of the disease.
• the second fungicide may be selected from copper, contact fungicides such as dithiocarbamate fungicides or chlorothalonil; or systemic fungicides such as those selected from DM inhibitors, Qol inhibitors, amines, anilinopyrimidines, Benzimidazoles, SDHI fungicides, Guanidines or mixtures thereof.
• the dithiocarbamate fungicides may be selected from mancozeb, maneb, metiram, polycarbamate, propineb, zineb, mancopper, ziram, thiram or mixtures thereof.
• the multi-site contact fungicides of the present invention inhibit fungal growth through multiple sites of action and have contact and preventive activity.
• the multi-site contact fungicide may be selected from copper fungicides, dithiocarbamate fungicides, phthalamide fungicides, chloronitrile fungicides, sulfamide fungicides, guanidine fungicides, triazines fungicides and quinone fungicides.
• the copper fungicides of the present invention are inorganic compounds containing copper, typically in the copper (II) oxidation state and are preferably selected from copper oxychloride, copper sulfate, copper hydroxide and tribasic copper sulfate (Bordeaux mixture).
• the sulfur fungicides of the present invention are inorganic chemicals containing rings or chains of sulfur atoms and is preferably elemental sulfur.
• the dithiocarbamate fungicides of the present invention contain a dithiocarbamate molecular moiety and are selected from amobam, asomate, azithiram, carbamorph, cufraneb, cuprobam, disulfiram, ferbam, metam, nabam, tecoram, thiram, urbacide, ziram, dazomet, etem, milneb, mancopper, mancozeb, maneb, metiram, polycarbamate, propineb and zineb.
• the phthalamide fungicides of the present invention contain a phthalamide molecular moiety and are selected from folpet, captan and captafol.
• the chloronitrile fungicide of the present invention comprises an aromatic ring substituted with chloro- and cyano-substituents and is preferably chlorothalonil.
• the sulfamide fungicides of the present invention are preferably selected from dichlofluanid and tolylfluanid.
• the guanidine fungicides of the present invention are preferably selected from dodine, guazantine and iminoctaadine.
• the triazine fungicide of the present invention is preferably anilazine.
• the quinone fungicide of the present invention is preferably dithianon.
• the multi-site contact fungicide of the present invention is a dithiocarbamate fungicide selected from amobam, asomate, azithiram, carbamorph, cufraneb, cuprobam, disulfiram, ferbam, metam, nabam, tecoram, thiram, urbacide, ziram, dazomet, etem, milneb, mancopper, mancozeb, maneb, metiram, polycarbamate, propineb and zineb.
• a dithiocarbamate fungicide selected from amobam, asomate, azithiram, carbamorph, cufraneb, cuprobam, disulfiram, ferbam, metam, nabam, tecoram, thiram, urbacide, ziram, dazomet, etem, milneb, mancopper, mancozeb, maneb, metiram, polycarbamate, propineb and zineb.
• sulfur is applied in combination with a copper based fungicide.
• the copper based fungicide is preferably tribasic copper sulfate.
• the fungicide combination comprises sulfur and tribasic copper sulfate.
• the DM inhibitor fungicides may be selected from imazalil, oxpoconazole, pefurazoate, prochloraz, Triflumizole, triforine, pyrifenox, fenarimol, nuarimol, azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, difenoconazole, diniconazole, epoxiconazole, fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole, Flusilazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, Penconazole, Propiconazole, prothioconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, Triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole or combination thereof.
• the Qol inhibitor fungicides may be selected from azoxystrobin, coumoxystrobin enoxastrobin, enestrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, kresoxim-methyl, trifloxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, metominostrobin, orysastrobin, famoxadone, fluoxastrobin, fenamidone or combinations thereof.
• the amine fungicides may be selected from aldimorph, dodemorph, fenpropimorph, tridemorph, fenpropidin, piperalin or combinations thereof.
• the anilinopyrimidine fungicides may be selected from cyprodinil, mepanipyrim, pyrimethanil or combinations thereof.
• the benzimidazole fungicides may be selected from albendazole, benomyl, carbendazim, chlorfenazole, cypendazole, debacarb, fuberidazole, mecarbinzid, rabenzazole, thiabendazole or combinations thereof.
• the SDHI inhibitor fungicides may be selected from benodanil, boscalid, carboxin, fenfuram, flutolanil, furametpyr, fluindapyr, fluoxapyroxad, mepronil, oxycarboxin, penthiopyrad, isofetamid, fluopyram, benzovindiflupyr, bixafen, inpyrfluxam, isopyrazam, penflufen, sedaxane, isoflucypram, pydiflumetofen, pyraziflumid, thifluzamide or combinations thereof.
• the guanidine fungicide may be selected from guazatine, iminoctadine or combinations thereof.
• the second fungicide may be selected from Dichlobentiazox, Isoflucypram, Fenpicoxamid, Florylpicoxamid, Fluoxapiprolin, Mefentrifluconazole, Ipfentrifluconazole, Pydiflumetofen, Metyltetraprole, Inpyrfluxam, Quinofumelin, Oxathiapiprolin, Bixafen, Fluindapyr, Dipymetitrone, Pyridachlometyl, or combinations thereof.
• the second fungicide may be combination of any two or more of the fungicides described hereinabove.
• the present invention provides a method of partial or complete curative control of the disease, condition, symptom or adverse effect associated with the incidence of Yellow or Black Sigatoka in banana, said method comprising applying a composition comprising Sulphur and a second fungicide selected from the group consisting of dithiocarbamates, chlorothalonil, DM inhibitors, Qol inhibitors, SDH inhibitors, amines, anilinopyrimidines, benzimidazoles, guanidines and combinations thereof.
• a composition comprising Sulphur and a second fungicide selected from the group consisting of dithiocarbamates, chlorothalonil, DM inhibitors, Qol inhibitors, SDH inhibitors, amines, anilinopyrimidines, benzimidazoles, guanidines and combinations thereof.
• the present invention can provide a composition for partial or complete curative control of the disease, condition, symptom or adverse effect associated with the incidence of Black Sigatoka in banana, said composition comprising sulphur, and a second fungicide selected from the group consisting of dithiocarbamates, chlorothalonil, DM inhibitors, Qol inhibitors, SDH inhibitors, amines, anilinopyrimidines, benzimidazoles, guanidines and combinations thereof.
• a second fungicide selected from the group consisting of dithiocarbamates, chlorothalonil, DM inhibitors, Qol inhibitors, SDH inhibitors, amines, anilinopyrimidines, benzimidazoles, guanidines and combinations thereof.
• the present invention can provide a composition for partial or complete curative control of the disease, condition, symptom or adverse effect associated with the incidence of Yellow Sigatoka in banana, said composition comprising sulphur, and a second fungicide selected from the group consisting of dithiocarbamates, chlorothalonil, DM inhibitors, Qol inhibitors, SDH inhibitors, amines, anilinopyrimidines, benzimidazoles, guanidines and combinations thereof.
• a second fungicide selected from the group consisting of dithiocarbamates, chlorothalonil, DM inhibitors, Qol inhibitors, SDH inhibitors, amines, anilinopyrimidines, benzimidazoles, guanidines and combinations thereof.
• the composition may additionally comprise additional insecticides, nematicide, herbicide, biocides, fertilizer, plant activators, plant extracts or mixtures thereof.
• the present invention provides a method of partial or complete curative control of the disease, condition, symptom or adverse effect associated with the incidence of Black Sigatoka in banana, said method comprising applying Sulphur and cinnamaldehyde to the banana plant.
• the present invention provides a method of partial or complete curative control of the disease, condition, symptom or adverse effect associated with the incidence of Yellow Sigatoka in banana, said method comprising applying Sulphur and cinnamaldehyde to the banana plant.
• the present invention can provide a composition for partial or complete curative control of the disease, condition, symptom or adverse effect associated with the incidence of Black Sigatoka in banana, said composition comprising sulphur and cinnamaldehyde.
• the present invention can provide a composition for partial or complete curative control of the disease, condition, symptom or adverse effect associated with the incidence of Yellow Sigatoka in banana, said composition comprising sulphur and cinnamaldehyde.
• cinnamaldehyde may be used in the form of an emulsifiable concentrate formulation (EC) or an oil in water emulsion (EW).
• EC emulsifiable concentrate formulation
• EW oil in water emulsion
• the cinnamaldehyde formulation is 300 EC.
• the cinnamaldehyde formulation is 300 EW. In an embodiment, cinnamaldehyde formulation may be used in an amount of 2.5 - 3.5 L/ha.
• Sulphur is preferably used as a 825 SC formulation.
• the use of Sulphur in the method of the present invention provides a preventative control of Black Sigatoka in banana.
• the use of Sulphur in the method of the present invention provides a preventative control of Yellow Sigatoka in banana.
• the use of Sulphur in the method of the present invention provides a curative control of Black Sigatoka in banana.
• the use of Sulphur in the method of the present invention provides a curative control of Yellow Sigatoka in banana.
• Sulphur may be used in an amount of 5000 g/ha for preventative or curative control of Black Sigatoka in banana.
• Sulphur may be used in an amount of 5000 g/ha for preventative or curative control of Yellow Sigatoka in banana.
• sulfur may be used in an amount of 2500 g/ha in combination with a second agrochemical.
• the second agrochemical is a fungicide.
• Sulphur is preferably used as a 80 WG formulation.
• Sulphur is preferably used as a 990 DP formulation.
• sulfur may be repeatedly sprayed onto the banana plants. In an embodiment, sulfur may be repeatedly sprayed a predetermined number of times at regular intervals of a predetermined number of days.
• sulfur may be repeatedly sprayed 15 times at regular intervals of 6 days.
• the sulfur formulation may be diluted with water in required quantities and sprayed onto banana plants at 25 L/ha.
• the composition of the present invention comprises 640 SC of sulfur in combination with a copper fungicide 80 SC.
• composition of the present invention comprises 650 SC of sulfur in combination with tebuconazole 10 WG formulation.
• composition of the present invention comprises 700 SC of sulfur in combination with tebuconazole 45 DG formulation.
• composition of the present invention comprises laminarin 45 SL formulation as the second agrochemical.
• composition of the present invention comprises orthosilicic acid as the second agrochemical.
• the method of the present invention comprises use of 640 SC formulation of sulfur in combination with a copper fungicide 80 SC.
• the method of the present invention comprises use of 650 SC formulation of sulfur in combination with tebuconazole 10 WG formulation.
• the method of the present invention comprises use of 700 SC formulation of sulfur in combination with tebuconazole 45 DG formulation. In an embodiment, the method of the present invention comprises use of laminarin 45 SL formulation as the second agrochemical.
• the method of the present invention comprises the use of orthosilicic acid as the second agrochemical.
• the composition may be formulated as commonly known formulations such as solid, or liquid formulations, including but not limited to, wettable powders, granules, dusts, Soluble (liquid) concentrates, suspension concentrates, oil in water emulsion, water in oil emulsion, emulsifiable concentrates, capsule suspensions, ZC formulations, liquid creame (FC) formulation, oil dispersions or other known formulation types.
• formulations such as solid, or liquid formulations, including but not limited to, wettable powders, granules, dusts, Soluble (liquid) concentrates, suspension concentrates, oil in water emulsion, water in oil emulsion, emulsifiable concentrates, capsule suspensions, ZC formulations, liquid creame (FC) formulation, oil dispersions or other known formulation types.
• the composition is a liquid composition.
• liquid formulations comprising sulfur exhibit greater control of Black Sigatoka in banana as compared to solid formulations.
• the formulation is a suspension concentrate formulation.
• suspension concentrate (SC) formulation of sulphur may be applied to the affected locus in an amount from about 0.5 L/Ha to about 5.0 L/Ha, preferably from about 1.0 L/Ha to about 2.0 L/Ha, more preferably about 1.0 L/Ha to about 1.5 L/Ha .
• the SC formulations can comprise agriculturally acceptable surfactants, dispersants, polymers, wetting agents, other adjuvants stabilizers, pH modifiers, anti-freeze agents, suspending agents, emulsifiers, antifoam agents, pH stabilising agents, preservatives and the like.
• the present invention may provide a method of preventing or partially preventing Black Sigatoka or a symptom or condition associated with Black Sigatoka in banana, said method comprising applying a suspension concentrate formulation comprising Sulphur to the banana plant.
• the present invention may provide a method of preventing or partially preventing Yellow Sigatoka or a symptom or condition associated with Yellow Sigatoka in banana, said method comprising applying a suspension concentrate formulation comprising Sulphur to the banana plant.
• the present invention may provide a method of preventing or partially preventing Black Sigatoka or a symptom or condition associated with Black Sigatoka in banana, said method comprising applying a suspension concentrate formulation comprising sulphur and at least a second fungicide.
• the present invention may provide a method of preventing or partially preventing Yellow Sigatoka or a symptom or condition associated with Yellow Sigatoka in banana, said method comprising applying a suspension concentrate formulation comprising sulphur and at least a second fungicide.
• suspension concentrate formulation may be used in an amount of about from 1 L to about 2.5L per hectare, preferred being 1.5 L/ha to 2L/ha for preventive and/or curative control of Black Sigatoka in banana.
• sulphur or a composition thereof, of the present invention for the treatment and/or prevention of Black Sigatoka, either by itself or in combination with at least one another fungicide suitable for treating said disease, is therefore an additional embodiment of the invention.
• sulphur or a composition thereof, of the present invention for the treatment and/or prevention of Yellow Sigatoka, either by itself or in combination with at least one another fungicide suitable for treating said disease, is therefore another additional embodiment of the invention.
• the method of control of the present invention may be carried out by spraying the suggested tank mixes, or the individual fungicides and/or adjuvants may be formulated as a kit-of-parts containing various components that may be mixed as instructed prior to spraying.
• the components of the present invention may be packaged such that sulphur and/or a second fungicide and/or adjuvant may be packaged separately and then tank mixed before the spraying for treating target disease.
• the components of the present invention may be packaged such that sulphur may be packaged separately, whereas, other materials/additives are packaged separately, such that the two maybe tank mixed at the time of spraying.
• compositions of the present invention may be conveniently prepared in concentrated form or in a ready-to-use form.
• the present invention provides a process for preparation of suspension concentrate of sulfur, said process comprising: a) mixing a predetermined quantity of water and at least one surfactant with sulfur; b) grinding the mixture of step (a) and filtering through mesh; c) mixing a second quantity of water and at least one thickener in another vessel and obtaining a thickener premix; d) mixing the thickener premix of step (c) and ground sulfur of step (b) in another vessel; and e) filtering the mixture to obtain a suspension.
• the process for preparation of said composition comprises grinding a mixture of sulphur, surfactants and water, in a colloidal mixer for some time to reduce the particle size of suphur, then by bead mills to obtain the good particle size at a regular flow rate.
• the mixture is sieved at 250 microns to retrieve all the big particles and thickening agent is added to this grinded mixture to obtain desired composition.
• Water and a part of the given quantity of fatty alcohol ethoxylate were mixed with raw sulfur.
• the mixture was ground and filtered through mesh of a predetermined size to obtain particulate sulfur having the predetermined particle size of less than 10 micron.
• Water and Fatty alcohol ethoxylate were mixed followed by addition of the suspension concentrate of particulate sulfur suspended in an aqueous medium in the presence of fatty alcohol ethoxylate to obtain a stable composition.
• the formulation of ex. 1 above was used in the treatment.
• the tables appearing below show the compositions used for each treatment, and the quantities used in each of the compositions. The treatments were applied a total of 14 times.
• the fungicidal method and composition of the present invention can offer some particular advantages over the compositions and methods known in the prior art.
• the method of the invention can be used to control and prevent Black Sigatoka in banana more efficaciously than the known standard treatments.
• the present invention demonstrates a better control capacity at reduced volumes thereby making it more environmentally friendly.

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• 2021
  • 2021-03-12 CN CN202180020790.8A patent/CN115297729A/zh active Pending
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• 2022
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