WO2021169897A1 - 一种r-t-b系永磁材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种r-t-b系永磁材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0577—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
- C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/10—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0293—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets diffusion of rare earth elements, e.g. Tb, Dy or Ho, into permanent magnets
Definitions
- the invention specifically relates to an R-T-B series permanent magnet material and its preparation method and application.
- RTB series permanent magnet materials (R refers to rare earth elements, T refers to transition metal elements and metal elements of the third main group, B refers to boron elements) are widely used in electronic products, automobiles, wind power, home appliances, elevators due to their excellent magnetic properties And industrial robots and other fields, such as hard disks, mobile phones, earphones, and permanent magnet motors such as elevator traction machines, generators, etc., as energy sources, etc., and its demand is increasing. The requirements for performance, temperature stability, and squareness of magnets are gradually increasing.
- the RTB-based permanent magnetic material is mainly composed of a main phase containing an R 2 T 14 B compound and a grain boundary phase located in the grain boundary portion of the main phase.
- the R 2 T 14 B compound has a ferromagnetic material with high saturation magnetization and anisotropic magnetic field.
- the coercivity of the RTB-based permanent magnet material will decrease at high temperatures, resulting in irreversible thermal demagnetization. It is currently known that: replacing part of the light rare earth RL in R in the R 2 T 14 B compound as the main phase with heavy rare earth element RH, the coercive force will increase, and the coercive force will increase with the increase in the amount of substitution. improve. On the other hand, the residual magnetic flux Br will decrease.
- RH resources are scarce and expensive.
- R 2 T 17 does not have uniaxial anisotropy at room temperature, which further deteriorates the performance of the magnet.
- a high squareness is a necessary condition for high-quality magnets.
- the invention aims to overcome the need to add a large amount of heavy rare earth elements when the prior art rare earth permanent magnet materials adopt low-B system to improve the magnetic performance, and even if the heavy rare earth elements are added, the magnetic performance (remanence, coercivity, temperature stability)
- the RTB-based permanent magnetic material of the present invention can still be prepared with a low boron and aluminum-free system without adding heavy rare earth elements to obtain better magnetic properties (remanence, coercivity, temperature stability, squareness), and at the same time The magnetic properties of batches of permanent magnet materials are uniform.
- RTB-based permanent magnet materials usually require the addition of a certain amount of Al to obtain better performance magnet materials.
- Magnetic properties but in the preparation of the same batch of products, the magnetic properties are not uniform, that is, the difference between the maximum and minimum coercivity in the same batch of products is greater than 1.5kOe.
- the R-T-B permanent magnetic material finally obtained by the present invention has better uniformity through a specific formula.
- the present invention adopts the following technical solutions to solve the above technical problems.
- the present invention provides a raw material composition of R-T-B series permanent magnet material, which includes the following components by mass content:
- R 28.5-34%; the R is a rare earth element, and the R includes at least Nd;
- N contains one or more of Ti, Zr and Nb;
- the content of Ti is 0.15 to 0.25%;
- N includes Zr
- the content of Zr is 0.2-0.35%
- Nb When N includes Nb, the content of Nb is 0.2-0.5%;
- the percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition.
- the components and corresponding contents in the raw material composition are all actively added, and do not include the components and/or contents introduced in the preparation process and/or impurities.
- the content of R is preferably 29 to 34%, such as 29.4%, 30%, 30.3%, 30.4%, 30.5%, 31%, 31.2%, 31.5%, 31.8%, 32%, 33.8 % Or 34%, more preferably 30 to 31.6%, and the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the raw material composition.
- the Nd content is preferably 8 to 13%, or 25 to 31.5%, such as 9.5%, 10.5%, 25%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 31.4% or 31.5%; more Preferably, it is 9.5 to 10.5% or 29 to 31.5%, and the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the raw material composition.
- the raw material composition preferably does not contain Al; it means that Al is not actively added, but it may be added during the addition of other elements (for example, Fe) or during the preparation process (for example, alumina crucible to prepare molten liquid) A small amount of Al (less than 0.08%) will be introduced.
- the R in the raw material composition, the R may also include Pr.
- the content of Pr is preferably below 8% and not 0, such as 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5% or 6.5%, and more Preferably, it is 0.1 to 0.5%; or the content of Pr is preferably 18.5% to 30%, more preferably 20.5% to 21.5%, such as 20.5% or 21.5%, and the percentage is based on the total mass of the raw material composition The mass percentage.
- the raw material composition may not contain heavy rare earth elements, and may also reach a level equivalent to the remanence and coercivity of the prior art magnet materials.
- the raw material composition may further include RH, which is a heavy rare earth element.
- the content of the RH is preferably 1 to 2.5%, and the percentage is a mass percentage of the total mass of the raw material composition.
- the type of RH preferably includes one or more of Dy, Tb and Ho.
- the content of Dy is preferably 1 to 2.5%, for example 2%, and the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the raw material composition.
- the content of Tb is preferably 1 to 2.5%, for example 2%, and the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the raw material composition.
- the content of B is preferably 0.86 to 0.94%, such as 0.86%, 0.88%, 0.9%, 0.92% or 0.94%, more preferably 0.86 to 0.92%, and the percentage is based on the raw material combination The mass percentage of the total mass of the material.
- the atomic percentage of R and the atomic percentage of B in the raw material composition preferably satisfy the following relationship: B/R ⁇ 0.38, where the B is in the raw material composition The atomic percentage of R in the raw material composition.
- the B and Nd satisfy the following relational formula: B/(Pr+Nd) ⁇ 0.405, where B refers to the B In the atomic percentage in the raw material composition, Pr refers to the atomic percentage of the Pr in the raw material composition, and Nd refers to the atomic percentage of the Nd in the raw material composition.
- the content of Ga is preferably 0.52 to 1.8%, such as 0.52%, 0.55%, 0.65%, 0.85%, 1.05%, 1.25%, 1.75% or 1.8%, more preferably 0.6 to 1.8 %, the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the raw material composition.
- the content of Cu is preferably 0.4 to 2%, such as 0.4%, 0.45%, 0.55%, 0.6%, 0.65%, 0.85%, 1%, 1.25%, 1.5%, 1.85% or 2%. %, more preferably 0.55-1.05% or 1.25-2%, and the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the raw material composition.
- the content of Co is preferably 0.5 to 2.5%, such as 0.5%, 1.2%, 1.5%, 1.6%, 1.8%, 2% or 2.5%, more preferably 0.5 to 2%. It is the mass percentage of the total mass of the raw material composition.
- the Fe content is preferably 59.5-67.3%, such as 59.68%, 60.01%, 62.28%, 62.38%, 62.84%, 63.84%, 64.09%, 64.35%, 64.38%, 64.74%, 64.92 %, 65.46%, 65.5%, 65.75%, 67.06% or 67.24%, more preferably 60-66%, and the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the raw material composition.
- the content of Ti is preferably 0.2 to 0.25%, such as 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.22% or 0.25%, and the percentage is based on the total mass of the raw material composition. The mass percentage.
- the content of Zr is preferably 0.22 to 0.35%, such as 0.22%, 0.25%, 0.26%, 0.32% or 0.35%, more preferably 0.26 to 0.32% ,
- the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the raw material composition.
- the content of the Zr is preferably: 0.26% ⁇ Zr ⁇ 3.48B-2.67, and the B is the mass percentage in the raw material composition.
- B is 0.86.
- the content of Nb is preferably 0.2 to 0.32%, such as 0.2%, 0.22%, 0.25% or 0.32%, and the percentage is based on the total mass of the raw material composition. The mass percentage.
- the raw material composition contains Ti and Nb, preferably the Ti/Nb ⁇ 1.5, where the Ti is the mass percentage in the raw material composition, and the Nb is The mass percentage in the raw material composition.
- the raw material composition of the R-T-B permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: R: 29-32%; the R is a rare earth element, and the R includes at least Nd;
- N contains one or more of Ti, Zr and Nb;
- N contains Nb
- the content of Nb is 0.25-0.5%
- the raw material composition does not contain Al
- the percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition.
- the raw material composition of the RTB-based permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass: R: 29-32%; the R is a rare earth element, and the R includes Nd and Pr; Pr :0.1 ⁇ 0.5% or 18.5% ⁇ 25%;
- the raw material composition does not contain Al; the percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition.
- the raw material composition of the RTB-based permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass: R: 29-32%; the R is a rare earth element, and the R includes Nd and Pr; Pr :0.1 ⁇ 0.5% or 18.5% ⁇ 25%;
- the raw material composition does not contain Al; the percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition.
- the raw material composition of the R-T-B permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: R: 29-32%; the R is a rare earth element, and the R includes at least Nd;
- the raw material composition does not contain Al;
- the percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition.
- the raw material composition of the R-T-B permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: R: 29-32%; the R is a rare earth element, and the R includes at least Nd;
- the raw material composition does not contain Al; the percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition.
- the raw material composition of the RTB-based permanent magnet material includes the following components: Nd 30%, Pr 0.3%, Ga 0.52%, Cu 0.45%, Co 0.5%, Ti 0.15 %, B 0.84%, Fe 67.24%, the percentages are the mass percentages of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition.
- the raw material composition of the RTB-based permanent magnet material includes the following components: Nd 31%, Pr 0.2%, Ga 0.52%, Cu 1%, Co 0.5%, Ti 0.2 %, Nb 0.2%, B 0.88%, Fe 65.5%, the percentages are the mass percentages of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition.
- the raw material composition of the RTB-based permanent magnet material includes the following components by mass content: Nd 10.5%, Pr 21.5%, Ga 0.55%, Cu 1.5%, Co 0.5%, Ti 0.22%, Nb 0.22%, B 0.92%, Fe 64.09%, and the percentages are the mass percentages of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition.
- the raw material composition of the RTB-based permanent magnet material includes the following components: Nd 9.5%, Pr 21.5%, Ga 0.55%, Cu 2%, Co 1.2%, Ti 0.25 %, Nb 0.22%, B 0.94%, Fe 63.84%, the percentages are the mass percentages of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition.
- the raw material composition of the RTB-based permanent magnet material includes the following components: Nd 9.5%, Pr 21.5%, Ga 1.05%, Cu 0.55%, Co 1.5%, Ti 0.22 %, B 0.94%, Fe 64.74%, the percentages are the mass percentages of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition.
- the raw material composition of the RTB-based permanent magnet material includes the following components: Nd 9.5%, Pr 21.5%, Ga 1.75%, Cu 1.25%, Co 2%, Ti 0.22 %, B 0.94%, Fe 62.84%, and the percentages are the mass percentages of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition.
- the raw material composition of the RTB-based permanent magnet material includes the following components: Nd 29%, Pr 0.4%, Ga 0.52%, Cu 0.45%, Co 1.2%, Zr 0.26 %, Nb 0.25%, B 0.86%, Fe 67.06%, the percentages are the mass percentages of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition.
- the raw material composition of the RTB-based permanent magnet material includes the following components: Nd 30%, Pr 0.4%, Ga 0.55%, Cu 0.6%, Co 1.2%, Zr 0.32 %, Nb 0.32%, B 0.86%, Fe 65.75%, the percentages are the mass percentages of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition.
- the raw material composition of the RTB-based permanent magnet material includes the following components: Nd 30.3%, Pr 0.2%, Ga 0.85%, Cu 0.65%, Co 1.6%, Ti 0.2 %, Zr 0.2%, Nb 0.2%, B 0.88%, Fe 64.92%, the percentages are the mass percentages of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition.
- the raw material composition of the RTB-based permanent magnet material includes the following components: 31.5%, Nd 31.4%, Pr 0.1%, Ga 0.55%, Cu 0.85%, Co 1.6% , Zr 0.22%, B 0.9%, Fe 64.38%, the percentages are the mass percentages of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition.
- the raw material composition of the RTB-based permanent magnet material includes the following components: Nd 25%, Pr 6.5%, Ga 0.55%, Cu 0.85%, Co 1.6%, Zr 0.22 %, B 0.9%, Fe 64.38%, the percentages are the mass percentages of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition.
- the raw material composition of the RTB-based permanent magnet material includes the following components: Nd 9.5%, Pr 21.5%, Ga 0.65%, Cu 1.25%, Co 1.6%, Zr 0.25 %, B 0.9%, Fe 64.35%, and the percentages are the mass percentages of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition.
- the raw material composition of the RTB-based permanent magnet material includes the following components: Nd 10.5%, Pr 21.5%, Ga 0.85%, Cu 1.85%, Co 1.8%, Zr 0.32 %, B 0.9%, Fe 62.28%, the percentages are the mass percentages of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition.
- the raw material composition of the RTB-based permanent magnet material includes the following components: Nd 10.5%, Pr 21.5%, Ga 0.85%, Cu 1.85%, Co 1.8%, Zr 0.22 %, B 0.9%, Fe 62.38%, the percentages are the mass percentages of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition.
- the raw material composition of the RTB-based permanent magnet material includes the following components: Nd 9.5%, Pr 20.5%, Ga 0.85%, Cu 0.65%, Co 1.8%, Zr 0.32 %, B 0.92%, Fe 65.46%, and the percentages are the mass percentages of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition.
- the raw material composition of the rare earth permanent magnet material includes the following components: Nd 31.5%, Pr 0.3%, 2%, Ga 1.25% Cu 2%, Co 2%, Zr 0.35%, B 0.92%, Fe 59.68%, the percentages are the mass percentages of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition.
- the raw material composition of the RTB-based permanent magnet material includes the following components: Nd 31.5%, Pr 0.5%, 2%, Ga 1.8%, Cu 0.4%, Co 2.5% , Zr 0.35%, B 0.94%, Fe 60.01%, the percentages are the mass percentages of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition.
- the present invention also provides a preparation method of R-T-B series permanent magnet material, which includes the following steps: the raw material composition of the R-T-B series permanent magnet material is cast, powdered, formed, sintered and aging treated.
- the operation and conditions of the smelting can be conventional in the art.
- the vacuum degree of the smelting may be 0.05 Pa.
- the melting temperature may be 1500°C or less.
- the melting equipment may be a high-frequency vacuum induction melting furnace.
- the casting operations and conditions may be conventional casting operations and conditions in the field.
- the casting is typically 10 2 °C / sec ⁇ 10 4 °C / sec cooling rate of the alloy to prepare a sheet.
- the atmosphere of the casting may generally be argon.
- the casting pressure may generally be 5.5 ⁇ 10 4 Pa.
- the cooling can be achieved by passing cooling water into the rollers.
- the inlet water temperature of the roller is ⁇ 25°C, such as 22.5°C, 22.8°C, 23.1°C, 23.4°C, 23.5°C, 23.6°C or 23.8°C, more preferably 22.5-24°C.
- the roller may be a copper roller.
- the operations and conditions of the powder milling can be conventional operations and conditions in the art.
- the pulverization usually includes a hydrogen cracking process and a jet milling process.
- the hydrogen breaking process may be a conventional hydrogen breaking process in the field, such as hydrogen absorption, dehydrogenation, and cooling treatment.
- the hydrogen absorption can be performed under the condition of a hydrogen pressure of 0.15 MPa.
- the dehydrogenation can be carried out under the conditions of raising the temperature while drawing a vacuum.
- the jet milling process can be a conventional jet milling process in the art, and the jet milling process can be performed in a nitrogen atmosphere with an oxidizing gas content of 120 ppm or less.
- the oxidizing gas refers to oxygen or moisture content.
- the pressure of the crushing chamber of the jet mill process can be 0.3-0.4 MPa, for example 0.38 MPa.
- the time of the jet milling process may be 2 to 4 hours, for example, 3 hours.
- a lubricant such as zinc stearate
- the added amount of the lubricant may be 0.10-0.15% of the weight of the powder after mixing, for example 0.12%.
- the molding operation and conditions can be conventional molding operations in the art.
- it includes a magnetic field forming method or a hot pressing and thermal deformation method.
- the sintering operation and conditions can be conventional sintering operation conditions in the art.
- the sintering environment may be a vacuum.
- the pressure of the vacuum may be 5 ⁇ 10 -3 Pa.
- preheating is usually included before the sintering.
- the preheating temperature may be 300-600°C.
- the preheating time may be 1 to 2 hours.
- the preheating is preferably at a temperature of 300°C and 600°C for 1 hour each.
- the sintering temperature is preferably 1060-1090°C, such as 1065°C, 1068°C, 1070°C, 1073°C, 1075°C or 1085°C, more preferably 1065-1085°C.
- the sintering time is preferably 5-10h, for example 8h.
- the aging treatment preferably includes a primary aging treatment and a secondary aging treatment.
- the temperature of the primary aging treatment is preferably 850-950°C, more preferably 900°C.
- the time of the primary aging treatment is preferably 2 to 4 hours, such as 3 hours, and the time refers to the time at the temperature of the primary aging treatment.
- the temperature of the secondary aging treatment is preferably 440-475°C, such as 440°C, 450°C, 455°C, 460°C, 465°C or 472°C, more preferably 440-460°C.
- the time of the secondary aging treatment is preferably 2 to 4 hours, such as 3 hours, and the time refers to the time at the temperature of the secondary aging treatment.
- the rate of heating up to the temperature of the primary aging treatment or secondary aging treatment may be conventional, and is usually 3 to 5° C./min.
- the invention also provides an R-T-B series permanent magnet material prepared by the above preparation method.
- the present invention also provides an R-T-B series permanent magnet material, which includes the following components by mass content:
- R 28.5-34%; the R is a rare earth element, and the R includes at least Nd;
- N contains one or more of Ti, Zr and Nb;
- N contains Ti
- the content of Ti is 0.15 to 0.251%
- Nb When N contains Nb, the content of Nb is 0.2-0.5%;
- the percentage is the mass percentage of each component in the total mass of the R-T-B permanent magnet material.
- the grain boundary phase of the RTB-based permanent magnetic material preferably further includes R 6 T 13 M phase, where T refers to Fe and/or Co, and M refers to Cu and/or Ga.
- the ratio of the volume of the R 6 T 13 M phase to the total volume of the "grain boundary phase, main phase and rare earth-rich phase” is preferably 4-10%, such as 4.2%, 4.6%, 5.2%, 5.4%, 5.7%, 6.3%, 6.5%, 7.5%, 7.6%, 7.7% or 9.8%, more preferably 5-9.8%.
- the grain boundary phase refers to the general term for the grain boundary phase between two or more Nd 2 T 14 B crystal grains.
- the grain boundary phase of the RTB-based permanent magnetic material preferably does not contain the R 6 T 13 Al phase.
- R is a rare earth element
- T is Fe and/or Co.
- the content of R is preferably 29 to 34%, such as 29.414%, 30%, 30.19%, 30.381%, 30.502%, 30.997%, 31.003%, 31.004%, 31.007%, 31.215%, 31.502 %, 31.55%, 32.05%, 32.06%, 32.07%, 33.77% or 33.983%, more preferably 30-31.6%, and the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnet material.
- the Nd content is preferably 8-13% or 25-31.502%, such as 9.5%, 9.501%, 9.505%, 10.503%, 10.504%, 25%, 29.012%, 29.895%, 29.979% , 30.302%, 31.012%, 31.402%, 31.497% or 31.502%, more preferably 9.5-10.503% or 29-31.502%, the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnet material.
- the R in the R-T-B series permanent magnetic material, the R may also include Pr.
- the content of Pr is preferably below 8% and not 0, such as 0.103%, 0.2%, 0.203%, 0.295%, 0.303%, 0.402% , 0.502% or 6.502%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.502%; or the content of Pr is preferably 18.5 to 30%, more preferably 20.5 to 21.504%, such as 20.5%, 21.497%, 21.501%, 21.502%, 21.503% or 21.504, the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnet material.
- the R-T-B series permanent magnet material may not contain heavy rare earth elements, and may also reach a level equivalent to the remanence and coercivity of the prior art magnet materials.
- the R-T-B series permanent magnetic material may further include RH, and the RH is a heavy rare earth element.
- the content of the RH is preferably 1 to 2.5%, and the percentage is a mass percentage of the total mass of the R-T-B series permanent magnet material.
- the type of RH preferably includes one or more of Dy, Tb and Ho.
- the content of Dy is preferably 1 to 2.5%, for example, 1.965%, and the percentage is a mass percentage of the total mass of the R-T-B permanent magnet material.
- the content of Tb is preferably 1 to 2.5%, such as 1.984%, and the percentage is a mass percentage of the total mass of the R-T-B permanent magnet material.
- the content of B is preferably 0.86-0.943%, such as 0.861%, 0.862%, 0.879%, 0.88%, 0.902%, 0.903%, 0.905%, 0.906%, 0.92%, 0.921%, 0.922 %, 0.942% or 0.943%, more preferably 0.861-0.922%, and the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnet material.
- the atomic percentage of R and the atomic percentage of B in the RTB-based permanent magnetic material preferably satisfy the following relationship: B/R ⁇ 0.38, where the B is in the raw material.
- the RTB-based permanent magnet material contains Pr
- the B and the Nd satisfy the following relationship: B/(Pr+Nd) ⁇ 0.405, where B refers to the The atomic percentage of B in the RTB-based permanent magnetic material, Pr refers to the atomic percentage of the Pr in the RTB-based permanent magnetic material, and Nd refers to the atomic percentage of the Nd in the raw material composition.
- the content of Ga is preferably 0.52-1.8%, such as 0.522%, 0.552%, 0.553%, 0.654%, 0.85%, 0.851%, 0.852%, 1.052%, 1.252%, 1.75% or 1.792 %, more preferably 0.6-1.8%, and the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnet material.
- the Cu content is preferably 0.405% to 2.001%, such as 0.405%, 0.452%, 0.454%, 0.551%, 0.601%, 0.65%, 0.852%, 0.854%, 0.994%, 1.25%, 1.254 %, 1.502%, 1.854%, 1.857%, 1.985% or 2.001%, more preferably 0.55-1.05% or 1.25-2.001%, the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnet material.
- the content of Co is preferably 0.49 to 2.5%, such as 0.49%, 0.492%, 0.497%, 1.202%, 1.503%, 1.594%, 1.6%, 1.602%, 1.8%, 1.804%, 1.991 %, 2% or 2.502%, more preferably 0.49-2%, and the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnet material.
- the content of Al is preferably 0.01-0.05%, such as 0.014%, 0.015%, 0.025%, 0.032% or 0.041%, and the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the R-T-B permanent magnet material.
- the Fe content is preferably 59.5 to 67.32%, such as 59.681%, 60.009%, 62.244%, 62.331%, 62.799%, 63.811%, 64.042%, 64.312%, 64.324%, 64.331%, 64.71 %, 64.903%, 65.419%, 65.469%, 65.744%, 67.008% or 67.32%, more preferably 60-66%, and the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnet material.
- the content of Ti is preferably 0.2 to 0.251%, such as 0.2%, 0.202%, 0.22%, 0.222%, 0.224% or 0.251%, and the percentage is RTB is the mass percentage of the total mass of permanent magnet materials.
- the content of Zr is preferably 0.22-0.352%, such as 0.222%, 0.224%, 0.252%, 0.263%, 0.32%, 0.322%, 0.324% or 0.352% , More preferably 0.26 to 0.32%, and the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnet material.
- the content of the Zr is preferably: 0.26% ⁇ Zr ⁇ 3.48B-2.67, and the B is the mass percentage in the R-T-B series permanent magnet material.
- B is 0.86.
- the Nb content is preferably 0.2% to 0.321%, such as 0.2%, 0.202%, 0.221%, 0.222%, 0.251% or 0.321%, and the percentage is RTB is the mass percentage of the total mass of permanent magnet materials.
- the RTB-based permanent magnet material contains Ti and Nb, preferably the Ti/Nb ⁇ 1.5, where the Ti is the mass percentage in the RTB-based permanent magnet material,
- the Nb is the mass percentage in the RTB-based permanent magnetic material.
- the R-T-B series permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: R: 29-32%; the R is a rare earth element, and the R includes at least Nd;
- N contains one or more of Ti, Zr and Nb;
- N contains Zr
- the content of Zr is 0.22-0.352%
- Nb When N contains Nb, the content of Nb is 0.22-0.321%;
- the percentage is the mass percentage of each component in the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnetic material; the grain boundary phase of the RTB-based permanent magnetic material also includes the R 6 T 13 M phase; the R 6 T 13 M phase
- the ratio of the volume to the total volume of the "grain boundary phase, main phase and rare earth-rich phase" is 4-10%.
- the RTB-based permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: R: 30 ⁇ 31.6%; the R is a rare earth element, and the R includes Nd and Pr; Pr: 0.1 ⁇ 0.502 % Or 20.5 ⁇ 21.504%;
- N contains one or more of Ti, Zr and Nb;
- N contains Zr
- the content of Zr is 0.22-0.352%
- Nb When N contains Nb, the content of Nb is 0.22-0.321%;
- the percentage is the mass percentage of each component in the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnetic material; the grain boundary phase of the RTB-based permanent magnetic material also includes the R 6 T 13 M phase; the R 6 T 13 M phase
- the ratio of the volume to the total volume of the "grain boundary phase, main phase and rare earth-rich phase" is 5 to 9.8%.
- the RTB-based permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: R: 30 ⁇ 31.6%; the R is a rare earth element, and the R includes Nd and Pr; Pr: 0.1 ⁇ 0.502 % Or 20.5 ⁇ 21.504%;
- Ga 0.6 ⁇ 1.8%
- the percentage is the mass percentage of each component in the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnet material; the grain boundary phase of the RTB-based permanent magnet material also includes the R 6 T 13 M phase; The ratio of the volume of the R 6 T 13 M phase to the total volume of the “grain boundary phase, the main phase, and the rare earth-rich phase” is 5 to 9.8%.
- the R-T-B series permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: R: 29-32%; the R is a rare earth element, and the R includes at least Nd;
- the percentage is the mass percentage of each component in the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnetic material; the grain boundary phase of the RTB-based permanent magnetic material also includes the R 6 T 13 M phase; the R 6 T 13 M
- the ratio of the volume of the phase to the total volume of the "grain boundary phase, main phase and rare earth-rich phase" is 5 to 9.8%.
- the invention also provides an application of the R-T-B series permanent magnet material as an electronic component.
- the application fields can be the automotive drive field, wind power field, servo motor and home appliance field (for example, air conditioner).
- the room temperature refers to 25°C ⁇ 5°C.
- the reagents and raw materials used in the present invention are all commercially available.
- the positive progress effect of the present invention is that the RTB-based permanent magnet material of the present invention can still be prepared with low boron and aluminum-free system under the premise of not adding heavy rare earth elements to obtain magnetic properties (remanence, coercivity, temperature stability, Squareness) is better, and the magnetic properties of the same batch of permanent magnet materials are uniform.
- Example 1 (1) Melting process: According to the formula shown in Example 1 in Table 1, take the prepared raw materials and put them in a crucible made of alumina, and place them in a high-frequency vacuum induction melting furnace in a vacuum of 5 ⁇ 10 -2 Pa. Vacuum melting is performed at a temperature below 1500°C.
- Hydrogen breaking and pulverizing process Vacuum the hydrogen breaking furnace containing the quench alloy at room temperature, and then pass hydrogen with a purity of 99.9% into the hydrogen breaking furnace, maintain the hydrogen pressure at 0.15MPa, and fully absorb hydrogen. The temperature is raised while vacuuming, and the hydrogen is fully dehydrogenated, and then cooled, and the powder after the hydrogen cracking and pulverization is taken out.
- Fine pulverization process Under the nitrogen atmosphere with an oxidizing gas content of 120 ppm or less, the powder after hydrogen pulverization is pulverized by jet milling for 3 hours under the condition of a pulverizing chamber pressure of 0.38 MPa to obtain a fine powder.
- Oxidizing gas refers to oxygen or moisture.
- Magnetic field molding process using a right-angle orientation magnetic field molding machine, in a 1.6T orientation magnetic field, under a molding pressure of 0.35ton/cm 2 , the above-mentioned zinc stearate-added powder is formed into a side length at a time It is a 25mm cube, which is demagnetized in a 0.2T magnetic field after a single forming.
- a secondary molding machine isostatic press
- each molded body is moved to a sintering furnace for sintering, sintered in a vacuum of 5 ⁇ 10 -3 Pa, maintained at a temperature of 300°C and 600°C for 1 hour, and then sintered at a temperature of 1070°C After 8 hours, Ar gas was introduced to bring the pressure to 0.1 MPa, and then cooled to room temperature.
- the sintered body is heated from 20°C to 900°C at a heating rate of 3 to 5°C/min in high-purity Ar gas, and then subjected to primary aging treatment at 900°C for 3 hours, and then cooled to room temperature After removing. Then, the temperature is increased from 20°C to 465°C at a heating rate of 3 to 5°C/min, and the secondary aging temperature is performed at a temperature of 465°C.
- Table 1 The formula (wt%) of the raw material composition of the R-T-B series permanent magnetic materials of Examples 1-15 and Comparative Examples 1-10 and the water inlet temperature, sintering temperature, and secondary aging temperature in the preparation method
- the magnetic properties of the RTB-based permanent magnet materials in Comparative Examples 1-10 are the best properties that can be obtained after the formulations of Comparative Examples 1-10 are optimized (aging temperature, sintering temperature or water inlet temperature). .
- Example 1 29.895 0.295 / / 0.522 0.452 0.032 0.497 0.152 / / 0.835 67.32
- Example 2 31.012 0.203 / / 0.522 0.994 0.025 0.492 0.202 / 0.202 0.879 65.47
- Example 3 10.503 21.504 / / 0.553 1.502 0.041 0.490 0.222 / 0.221 0.922 64.04
- Example 4 9.501 21.502 / / 0.552 1.985 0.032 1.202 0.251 / 0.222 0.942 63.81
- Example 5 9.501 21.503 / / 1.052 0.551 0.014 1.503 0.224 / / 0.942 64.71
- Example 6 9.505 21.502 / / 1.750 1.250 0.032 2.000 0.220 / / 0.942 62.80
- Example 7 29.012 0.402 / / 0.522 0.454
- Example 9 30.302 0.200 / / 0.850 0.650 0.015 1.600 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.880 64.90
- Example 10 31.402 0.103 / / 0.552 0.852 0.032 1.602 / 0.224 / 0.902 64.33
- Example 10.1 25.000 6.502 / / 0.552 0.854 0.041 1.602 / 0.222 / 0.903 64.32
- Example 11 9.500 21.497 / / 0.654 1.254 0.032 1.594 / 0.252 / 0.905 64.31
- Example 12 10.503 21.503 / / 0.852 1.854 0.014 1.800 / 0.324 / 0.906 62.24
- Example 12.2 10.503 21.503 / / 0.852 1.854 0.014 1.800 / 0.324
- Microstructure use FE-EPMA to detect, polish the vertical orientation surface of RTB-based permanent magnet materials, and use field emission electron probe microanalyzer (FE-EPMA) (JEOL, 8530F) Detection.
- FE-EPMA field emission electron probe microanalyzer
- the R 6 T 13 M phase and the R 6 T 13 Al phase in the grain boundary are detected.
- T refers to Fe and/or Co
- M refers to Ga and/or Cu.
- Table 3 The test results are shown in Table 3 below.
- the proportion of R 6 T 13 M phase or R 6 T 13 Al phase refers to the volume of R 6 T 13 M phase or R 6 T 13 Al phase and the "main phase, grain boundary phase and rare earth-rich phase" The ratio of the total volume.
- Br or Hcj refers to the average value: the average value calculated by testing the remanence or coercivity of 5 rare earth permanent magnetic materials in the same batch.
- the relative permeability is Br/Hcb; among them, Br is the remanence and Hcb is the magnetic coercivity.
- Br is the remanence
- Hcb is the magnetic coercivity.
- Max(Hcj)-Min(Hcj) The maximum value of the coercive force minus the minimum value of the coercive force in the same embodiment or the same comparative example. If it is greater than 1.5kOe, the magnetic performance consistency is poor.
- each neodymium iron boron material refers to a cylinder of 10mm*10mm cut out according to the unit of the performance test.
- ⁇ refers to the absence of R 6 T 13 M phase or R 6 T 13 Al phase.
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Abstract
Description
编号/wt% | Nd | Pr | Dy | Tb | Ga | Cu | Al | Co | Ti | Zr | Nb | B | Fe |
实施例1 | 29.895 | 0.295 | / | / | 0.522 | 0.452 | 0.032 | 0.497 | 0.152 | / | / | 0.835 | 67.32 |
实施例2 | 31.012 | 0.203 | / | / | 0.522 | 0.994 | 0.025 | 0.492 | 0.202 | / | 0.202 | 0.879 | 65.47 |
实施例3 | 10.503 | 21.504 | / | / | 0.553 | 1.502 | 0.041 | 0.490 | 0.222 | / | 0.221 | 0.922 | 64.04 |
实施例4 | 9.501 | 21.502 | / | / | 0.552 | 1.985 | 0.032 | 1.202 | 0.251 | / | 0.222 | 0.942 | 63.81 |
实施例5 | 9.501 | 21.503 | / | / | 1.052 | 0.551 | 0.014 | 1.503 | 0.224 | / | / | 0.942 | 64.71 |
实施例6 | 9.505 | 21.502 | / | / | 1.750 | 1.250 | 0.032 | 2.000 | 0.220 | / | / | 0.942 | 62.80 |
实施例7 | 29.012 | 0.402 | / | / | 0.522 | 0.454 | 0.025 | 1.202 | / | 0.263 | 0.251 | 0.861 | 67.01 |
实施例8 | 29.979 | 0.402 | / | / | 0.552 | 0.601 | 0.015 | 1.202 | / | 0.322 | 0.321 | 0.862 | 65.74 |
实施例9 | 30.302 | 0.200 | / | / | 0.850 | 0.650 | 0.015 | 1.600 | 0.200 | 0.200 | 0.200 | 0.880 | 64.90 |
实施例10 | 31.402 | 0.103 | / | / | 0.552 | 0.852 | 0.032 | 1.602 | / | 0.224 | / | 0.902 | 64.33 |
实施例10.1 | 25.000 | 6.502 | / | / | 0.552 | 0.854 | 0.041 | 1.602 | / | 0.222 | / | 0.903 | 64.32 |
实施例11 | 9.500 | 21.497 | / | / | 0.654 | 1.254 | 0.032 | 1.594 | / | 0.252 | / | 0.905 | 64.31 |
实施例12 | 10.503 | 21.503 | / | / | 0.852 | 1.854 | 0.014 | 1.800 | / | 0.324 | / | 0.906 | 62.24 |
实施例12.1 | 10.504 | 21.501 | / | / | 0.851 | 1.857 | 0.025 | 1.804 | / | 0.222 | / | 0.905 | 62.33 |
实施例12.2 | 10.503 | 21.503 | / | / | 0.852 | 1.854 | 0.014 | 1.800 | / | 0.324 | / | 0.906 | 62.24 |
实施例12.3 | 10.503 | 21.503 | / | / | 0.852 | 1.854 | 0.014 | 1.800 | / | 0.324 | / | 0.906 | 62.24 |
实施例13 | 9.500 | 20.500 | / | / | 0.850 | 0.650 | 0.041 | 1.800 | / | 0.320 | / | 0.920 | 65.42 |
实施例14 | 31.502 | 0.303 | 1.965 | / | 1.252 | 2.001 | 0.032 | 1.991 | / | 0.352 | / | 0.921 | 59.68 |
实施例15 | 31.497 | 0.502 | / | 1.984 | 1.792 | 0.405 | 0.014 | 2.502 | / | 0.352 | / | 0.943 | 60.01 |
对比例1 | 10.492 | 21.500 | / | / | 0.450 | 1.500 | 0.014 | 0.505 | 0.220 | / | 0.220 | 0.923 | 64.18 |
对比例2 | 31.402 | 0.103 | / | / | 0.552 | 0.853 | 0.205 | 1.609 | / | 0.221 | / | 0.904 | 64.15 |
对比例3 | 10.505 | 21.503 | / | / | 0.551 | 1.502 | 0.025 | 0.506 | 0.097 | / | 0.218 | 0.922 | 64.17 |
对比例4 | 31.406 | 0.102 | / | / | 0.553 | 0.854 | 0.041 | 1.602 | / | 0.153 | / | 0.902 | 64.39 |
对比例5 | 31.408 | 0.097 | / | / | 0.551 | 0.852 | 0.015 | 1.604 | / | 0.402 | / | 0.897 | 64.17 |
对比例6 | 10.503 | 21.502 | / | / | 0.452 | 1.502 | 0.492 | 0.222 | / | 0.225 | 0.923 | 64.18 | |
对比例7 | 31.405 | 0.105 | / | / | 0.552 | 0.851 | 0.198 | 1.602 | / | 0.219 | / | 0.903 | 64.17 |
对比例8 | 10.492 | 21.504 | / | / | 0.549 | 1.503 | 0.493 | 0.102 | / | 0.221 | 0.92 | 64.22 | |
对比例9 | 31.392 | 0.102 | / | / | 0.548 | 0.852 | 1.602 | / | 0.152 | / | 0.903 | 64.45 | |
对比例10 | 31.396 | 0.103 | / | / | 0.547 | 0.8504 | 1.597 | / | 0.402 | / | 0.901 | 64.20 |
Claims (10)
- 一种R-T-B系永磁材料的原料组合物,其特征在于,其包括如下质量含量的组分:R:28.5~34%;所述R为稀土元素,所述R至少包括Nd;Ga:>0.5%;Cu:≥0.4%;B:0.84~0.94%;Co:≤2.5%、但不为0;Fe:59~69%;N:包含Ti、Zr和Nb中的一种或多种;当N中包括Ti时,所述Ti的含量为0.15~0.25%;当N中包括Zr时,所述Zr的含量为0.2~0.35%;当N中包括Nb时,所述Nb的含量为0.2~0.5%;百分比为各组分质量占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比。
- 如权利要求1所述的原料组合物,其特征在于,所述R的含量为29~34%,较佳地为30~31.6%,百分比为占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比;和/或,所述Nd的含量为8~13%或25~31.5%,较佳地为9.5~10.5%或者29~31.5%,百分比为占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比;和/或,所述原料组合物中不含Al;和/或,所述原料组合物中,所述R还包括Pr;其中,当所述原料组合物中包含Pr时,所述Pr的含量较佳地在8%以下且不为0%或者为18.5~30%;更佳地为0.1~0.5或者20.5~21.5%,百分比为占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比;和/或,所述原料组合物中,所述R还包括RH,所述RH为重稀土元素;其中,当所述原料组合物中还包括RH时,所述RH的含量较佳地为1~2.5%,百分比为占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比;其中,所述RH的种类较佳地包括Dy、Tb和Ho中的一种或多种;当所述RH包含Dy时,所述Dy的含量较佳地为1~2.5%,百分比为占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比;当所述RH包含Tb时,所述Tb的含量较佳地为1~2.5%,百分比为占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比;和/或,所述B的含量为0.86~0.94%,较佳地为0.86~0.92%,百分比为占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比;和/或,所述原料组合物中,所述R的原子百分比和所述B的原子百分比满足如下关系式:B/R≥0.38,式中,所述B为在所述原料组合物中的原子百分比,所述R为在所述原料组合物中的原子百分比;和/或,所述Ga的含量为0.52~1.8%,较佳地为0.6~1.8%,百分比为占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比;和/或,所述Cu的含量为0.4~2%,较佳地为0.55~1.05%或1.25~2%,百分比为占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比;和/或,所述Co的含量为0.5~2.5%,较佳地为0.5~2%,百分比为占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比;和/或,所述Fe的含量为59.5~67.3%,较佳地为60~66%,百分比为占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比;和/或,当所述N包含Ti时,所述Ti的含量为0.2~0.25%,百分比为占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比;和/或,当所述N包含Zr时,所述Zr的含量为0.22~0.35%,较佳地为0.26~0.32%,百分比为占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比;和/或,当所述N中含有Zr时,所述Zr的含量为:0.26%≤Zr<3.48B-2.67,所述B为占所述原料组合物中的质量百分数;和/或,当所述N包含Nb时,所述Nb的含量为0.2~0.32%,百分比为占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比。
- 如权利要求1或2所述的原料组合物,其特征在于,所述R-T-B系永磁材料的原料组合物包括如下含量的组分:R:29~32%;所述R为稀土元素, 所述R至少包括Nd;B:0.86~0.94%;Ga:0.52~1.8%;Cu:0.45~2%;Co:0.45~2.5%;Fe:59.5~67.3%;N:包含Ti、Zr和Nb中的一种或多种;当N中包含Ti时,所述Ti的含量为0.2~0.25%;当N中包含Zr时,所述Zr的含量为0.25~0.35%;当N中包含Nb时,所述Nb的含量为0.25~0.35%;所述原料组合物中不含Al;百分比为各组分质量占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比;或者,所述R-T-B系永磁材料的原料组合物包括如下含量的组分:R:29~32%;所述R为稀土元素,所述R包括Nd和Pr;Pr:0.1~0.5%或18.5~25%;B:0.86~0.94%;Ga:0.52~1.8%;Cu:0.45~2%;Co:0.45~2.5%;Fe:62.8~67.25%;Ti:0.2~0.25%;所述原料组合物中不含Al;百分比为各组分质量占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比;或者,所述R-T-B系永磁材料的原料组合物包括如下含量的组分:R:29~32%;所述R为稀土元素,所述R包括Nd和Pr;Pr:0.1~0.5%或者18.5~25%;B:0.86~0.94%;Ga:0.52~0.55%;Cu:0.45~2%;Co:0.45~2.5%;Fe:62.8~67.25%;Ti:0.2~0.25%;所述原料组合物中不含Al;所述百分比为各组分质量占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比;或者,所述R-T-B系永磁材料的原料组合物包括如下质含量的组分:R:29~32%;所述R为稀土元素,所述R至少包括Nd;B:0.86~0.94%;Ga:0.52~1.8%;Cu:0.45~2%;Co:0.45~2.5%;Fe:60~67.1%;Zr:0.25~0.35%;所述原料组合物中不含Al;百分比为各组分质量占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比;或者,所述R-T-B永磁材料的原料组合物包括如下含量的组分:R:29~32%;所述R为稀土元素,所述R至少包括Nd;B:0.86~0.94%;Ga:0.52~0.55%;Cu:0.45~2%;Co:0.45~0.55%;Fe:60~67.1%;Zr:0.25~0.35%;所述原料组合物中不含Al;百分比为各组分质量占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比。
- 一种R-T-B系永磁材料的制备方法,其特征在于,其包括下述步骤: 将如权利要求1~3中任一项所述R-T-B系永磁材料的原料组合物经铸造、制粉、成型、烧结和时效处理即可。
- 如权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述铸造之前还包括熔炼;其中,所述熔炼的温度较佳地在1500℃以下;和/或,所述铸造是以10 2℃/秒~10 4℃/秒的速度冷却;其中,所述冷却较佳地通过辊轮中通入冷却水实现;所述辊轮的进水温度较佳地≤25℃,更佳地为22.5~24℃;和/或,所述制粉包括氢破工艺和气流磨工艺;其中,所述氢破工艺较佳地包括吸氢、脱氢和冷却处理;其中,所述气流磨工艺较佳地在氧化气体含量120ppm以下的氮气气氛下进行;其中,所述气流磨工艺的粉碎室压力较佳地为0.3~0.4MPa;其中,所述气流磨工艺的时间较佳地为2~4小时;其中,所述气流磨工艺后,较佳地在粉体中添加润滑剂;所述润滑剂的添加量较佳地为混合后粉末重量的0.10~0.15%;和/或,所述成型包括磁场成形法或热压热变形法;和/或,所述烧结之前还包括预热;所述预热的温度较佳地为300~600℃;所述预热的时间较佳地为1~2h;和/或,所述烧结的温度为1060~1090℃,较佳地为1065~1085℃;和/或,所述烧结的时间为5~10h;和/或,所述时效处理包括一级时效处理和二级时效处理;其中,所述一级时效处理的温度较佳地为850~950℃,更佳地为900℃;其中,所述一级时效处理的时间较佳地为2~4h;其中,所述二级时效处理的温度较佳地为440~475℃,更佳地为440~460℃;其中,所述二级时效处理的时间较佳地为2~4h;其中,升温至所述一级时效处理或二级时效处理的温度的速率较佳地为3~5℃/min。
- 一种由如权利要求4或5所述的制备方法制得的R-T-B系永磁材料。
- 一种R-T-B系永磁材料,其特征在于,其包括如下质量含量的组分:R:28.5~34%;所述R为稀土元素,所述R至少包括Nd;Ga:>0.5%;Cu:≥0.4%;B:0.835~0.943%;Al:<0.08%;Co:≤2.502%、但不为0;Fe:59~69%;N:包含Ti、Zr和Nb中的一种或多种;当N包含Ti时,所述Ti的含量为0.15~0.251%;当N包含Zr时,所述Zr的含量为0.2~0.352%;当N包含Nb时,所述Nb的含量为0.2~0.5%;百分比为各组分质量占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比。
- 如权利要求7所述的R-T-B系永磁材料,其特征在于,所述R-T-B系永磁材料的晶界相中还包括R 6T 13M相,其中T指的是Fe和/或Co,M指的是Cu和/或Ga;其中,所述所述R 6T 13M相的体积与“晶界相、主相和富稀土相”总体积的比为4~10%,更佳地为5~9.8%;和/或,所述R的含量为29~34%,较佳地为30~31.6%,百分比为占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比;和/或,所述Nd的含量为8~13%或25~31.502%,较佳地为9.5~10.503%或29~31.502%,百分比为占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比;和/或,所R-T-B系永磁材料中,所述R还包括Pr;其中,当所述R-T-B系永磁材料中包含Pr时,所述Pr的含量较佳地在 8%以下且不为0,更佳地为0.1~0.502%;或者,所述Pr的含量较佳地为18.5~30%,更佳地为20.5~21.504%,百分比为占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比;和/或,所R-T-B系永磁材料还包含RH,所述RH为重稀土元素;其中,当所述R-T-B系永磁材料中包含RH时,所述RH的含量较佳地为1~2.5%,百分比为占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比;其中,所述RH的种类较佳地包括Dy、Tb和Ho中的一种或多种;当所述RH包含Dy时,所述Dy的含量较佳地为1~2.5%,百分比为占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比;当所述RH包含Tb时,所述Tb的含量较佳地为1~2.5%,百分比为占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比;和/或,所述B的含量为0.86~0.943%,较佳地为0.861~0.922%,百分比为占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比;和/或,所述R-T-B系永磁材料中的所述R的原子百分比和所述B的原子百分比满足如下关系式:B/R≥0.38,式中,所述B在所述原料组合物中的原子百分比,所述R在所述R-T-B系永磁材料中的原子百分比;和/或,所述Ga的含量为0.52~1.8%,较佳地为0.6~1.8%,百分比为占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比;和/或,所述Cu的含量为0.405~2.001%,较佳地为0.55~1.05%或1.25~2.001%,百分比为占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比;和/或,所述Co的含量为0.49~2.5%,较佳地为0.49~2%,百分比为占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比;和/或,所述Al的含量为0.01~0.05%,百分比为占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比;和/或,所述Fe的含量为59.5~67.32%,较佳地60~66%,百分比为占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比;和/或,当所述N包含Ti时,所述Ti的含量为0.2~0.251%,百分比为 占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比;和/或,当所述N包含Zr时,所述Zr的含量为0.22~0.352%,较佳地为0.26~0.32%,百分比为占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比;和/或,当所述N包含Zr时,所述Zr的含量为:0.26%≤Zr<3.48B-2.67,所述B为占所述R-T-B系永磁材料中的质量百分数;和/或,当所述N包含Nb时,所述Nb的含量为0.2~0.321%,百分比为占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比。
- 如权利要求7或8所述的R-T-B系永磁材料,其特征在于,所述R-T-B系永磁材料包括如下含量的组分:R:29~32%;所述R为稀土元素,所述R至少包括Nd;B:0.86~0.943%;Ga:0.52~1.8%;Cu:0.405~2.001%;Co:0.49~2.502%;Al:0.01~0.05%;Fe:59.5~67.32%;N:包含Ti、Zr和Nb中的一种或多种;当N中包含Ti时,所述Ti的含量为0.2~0.251%;当N中包含Zr时,所述Zr的含量为0.22~0.352%;当N中包含Nb时,所述Nb的含量为0.22~0.321%;百分比为各组分质量占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比;所述R-T-B系永磁材料的晶界相中还包括R 6T 13M相;所述R 6T 13M相的体积与“晶界相、主相和富稀土相”总体积的比为4~10%;或者,所述R-T-B系永磁材料包括如下含量的组分:R:30~31.6%;所述R为稀土元素,所述R包括Nd和Pr;Pr:0.1~0.502%或者20.5~21.504%;B:0.861~0.922%;Ga:0.52~1.8%;Cu:0.994~2.001%;Co:0.49~2%;Al:0.01~0.05%;Fe:60~66%;N:包含Ti、Zr和Nb中的一种或多种;当N中包含Ti时,所述Ti的含量为0.2~0.251%;当N中包含Zr时,所述Zr的含量为0.22~0.352%;当N中包含Nb时,所述Nb的含量为0.22~0.321%;百分比为各组分质量占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比;所述R-T-B系永磁材料的晶界相中还包括R 6T 13M相;所述R 6T 13M相的体积与“晶界相、主相和富稀土相”总体积的比为5~9.8%;或者,所述R-T-B系永磁材料包括如下含量的组分:R:30~31.6%;所述R为稀土元素,所述R包括Nd和Pr;Pr:0.1~0.502%或者20.5~21.504%; B:0.861~0.922%;Ga:0.6~1.8%;Cu:0.405~2.001%;Co:0.49~2%;Al:0.01~0.05%;Fe:60~66%;Ti:0.2~0.251%;百分比为各组分质量占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比;所述R-T-B系永磁材料的晶界相中还包括R 6T 13M相;所述R 6T 13M相的体积与“晶界相、主相和富稀土相”总体积的比为5~9.8%;或者,所述R-T-B系永磁材料包括如下含量的组分:R:29~32%;所述R为稀土元素,所述R至少包括Nd;B:0.86~0.943%;Ga:0.52~1.8%;Cu:0.405~2%;Co:0.45~2.5%;Al:0.01~0.05%;Fe:60~67.1%;Zr:0.22~0.352%;百分比为各组分质量占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比;所述R-T-B系永磁材料的晶界相中还包括R 6T 13M相;所述R 6T 13M相的体积与“晶界相、主相和富稀土相”总体积的比为5~9.8%。
- 一种如权利要求6~9中任一项所述的R-T-B系永磁材料作为电子元器件的应用。
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CN111326306A (zh) * | 2020-02-29 | 2020-06-23 | 厦门钨业股份有限公司 | 一种r-t-b系永磁材料及其制备方法和应用 |
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