WO2021169028A1 - 一种多级孔zsm-5分子筛的制备方法及双-(5-甲酰基糠基)醚的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种多级孔zsm-5分子筛的制备方法及双-(5-甲酰基糠基)醚的制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2021169028A1
WO2021169028A1 PCT/CN2020/087962 CN2020087962W WO2021169028A1 WO 2021169028 A1 WO2021169028 A1 WO 2021169028A1 CN 2020087962 W CN2020087962 W CN 2020087962W WO 2021169028 A1 WO2021169028 A1 WO 2021169028A1
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molecular sieve
preparation
porous zsm
pore
zsm
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French (fr)
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王磊
金海涛
张建
胡华雷
杨勇
卢国文
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浙江糖能科技有限公司
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D307/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
    • C07D307/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D307/38—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
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    • B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
    • B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
    • B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
    • B01J29/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
    • B01J37/0018—Addition of a binding agent or of material, later completely removed among others as result of heat treatment, leaching or washing,(e.g. forming of pores; protective layer, desintegrating by heat)
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
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    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B39/00—Compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites; Their preparation; After-treatment, e.g. ion-exchange or dealumination
    • C01B39/02—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof
    • C01B39/36—Pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11
    • C01B39/38—Type ZSM-5
    • C01B39/40—Type ZSM-5 using at least one organic template directing agent
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    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G12/00—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen
    • C08G12/02—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen of aldehydes
    • C08G12/04—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen of aldehydes with acyclic or carbocyclic compounds
    • C08G12/10—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen of aldehydes with acyclic or carbocyclic compounds with acyclic compounds having the moiety X=C(—N<)2 in which X is O, S or —N
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    • C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G69/40—Polyamides containing oxygen in the form of ether groups
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
    • B01J35/61—Surface area
    • B01J35/615—100-500 m2/g
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
    • B01J35/63—Pore volume
    • B01J35/633—Pore volume less than 0.5 ml/g
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
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    • B01J35/647—2-50 nm
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    • C01P2006/14—Pore volume
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02P20/584—Recycling of catalysts

Definitions

  • the application relates to a method for preparing multi-porous ZSM-5 molecular sieve and a method for preparing bis-(5-formyl furfuryl) ether by using multi-porous ZSM-5 molecular sieve as a catalyst, belonging to bis-(5-formyl furfuryl)
  • the field of preparation of base) ethers relates to a method for preparing multi-porous ZSM-5 molecular sieve and a method for preparing bis-(5-formyl furfuryl) ether by using multi-porous ZSM-5 molecular sieve as a catalyst, belonging to bis-(5-formyl furfuryl) The field of preparation of base) ethers.
  • Bis-(5-formyl furfuryl) ether is an important bio-based chemical.
  • Raw materials are used to prepare polyamide materials; the latter can be widely used in aerospace materials, microelectronics, auto parts, coatings and other fields.
  • Acid-catalyzed self-etherification of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is an effective method to synthesize OBMF.
  • HMF 5-hydroxymethylfurfural
  • the use of solid acid catalysts represented by molecular sieves not only can obtain higher OBMF yield, but also has the advantages of low corrosiveness, environmental protection, easy separation, and renewability.
  • mesoporous molecular sieves have problems such as poor hydrothermal stability, amorphization of pore walls, and weak acidity, which limit their large-scale application. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a hierarchical pore molecular sieve catalyst that can catalyze the etherification of HMF to produce OBMF with high selectivity without removing water.
  • a method for preparing a multistage pore ZSM-5 molecular sieve adopts a multistage pore ZSM-5 molecular sieve prepared by a pore expander, which has a multistage pore structure; at the same time, it is used as a catalyst to prepare double-pore ZSM-5 molecular sieves.
  • (5-Formyl furfuryl) ether has excellent reactivity and selectivity.
  • the preparation method of the multi-porous ZSM-5 molecular sieve includes:
  • step (1) The xerogel obtained in step (1) is steam-assisted to crystallize and calcined to obtain the multi-porous ZSM-5 molecular sieve.
  • the number of moles of silicon source is calculated by SiO 2
  • the number of moles of aluminum source is calculated by Al 2 O 3
  • organic amines, mesoporous template agents, pore expanders and alcohol compounds are all calculated by their own moles.
  • the silicon source in step (1) includes tetraethylorthosilicate
  • the aluminum source includes aluminum isopropoxide
  • the organic amine includes tetrapropylammonium hydroxide
  • the templating agent includes at least one of hexadecyltrimethoxysilane and octadecyltrimethoxysilane.
  • the aluminum source is at least one selected from organoaluminum compounds.
  • the silicon source is selected from at least one of alkyl orthosilicates.
  • the template is a mesoporous template.
  • the alcohol compound is selected from alkyl alcohols having 1-10 carbon atoms.
  • the alcohol compound is selected from at least one of methanol, ethanol, propanol, and butanol.
  • the alcohol compound includes ethanol.
  • the pore expander is selected from at least one of polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, and trimethylbenzene.
  • drying conditions in step (1) include: drying at 20-50°C for not less than 24 hours;
  • the crystallization conditions in step (2) include: the crystallization temperature is 160°C to 195°C, and the crystallization time is 70 to 90 hours.
  • the crystallization conditions in step (2) include: the crystallization temperature is 170°C to 190°C; the crystallization time is 80 to 90 hours.
  • the upper limit of the crystallization temperature is selected from 170°C, 175°C, 180°C, 185°C, or 190°C; the lower limit is selected from 160°C, 170°C, 175°C, 180°C, or 185°C.
  • the upper limit of the crystallization time is selected from 80 hours, 85 hours or 90 hours; the lower limit is selected from 70 hours, 80 hours or 85 hours.
  • the upper limit of the drying temperature is selected from 25°C, 30°C, 35°C, 40°C, or 50°C; the lower limit is selected from 20°C, 25°C, 30°C, 35°C, or 40°C.
  • the upper limit of the drying time is selected from 36 hours or 48 hours; the lower limit is selected from 24 hours or 36 hours.
  • drying treatment is performed before the roasting.
  • the drying conditions are: drying at 100°C for 5-10 hours.
  • the firing conditions are: firing at 550°C for 8-10 hours.
  • the preparation method of the multi-porous ZSM-5 molecular sieve includes:
  • the preparation method of the bis-(5-formyl furfuryl) ether includes: adding a material containing 5-hydroxymethyl furfural and an organic solvent into a reactor, and heating it to a certain temperature. , Adding a multistage pore molecular sieve catalyst, reacting for a certain period of time to obtain bis-(5-formylfurfuryl) ether; the organic solvent is: at least one of p-chlorotoluene, dichloroethane, and trifluorotoluene.
  • the preparation method of the multi-porous ZSM-5 molecular sieve includes: mixing a raw material containing an aluminum source and an organic amine with a raw material containing a silicon source and a template to obtain a gel.
  • the raw material containing the silicon source and the template agent further includes a pore expander.
  • the catalyst is regenerated by roasting.
  • the catalyst after the reaction can be regenerated after being filtered, washed, dried, and calcined. After repeated use, the performance does not decrease significantly, and it has a good industrialization prospect.
  • the firing temperature is 500-600°C for firing.
  • the baking conditions are 550°C for 7 hours.
  • the hierarchical pore ZSM-5 molecular sieve has a mesoporous and microporous structure; the pore diameter of the mesopore is 2-50 nm.
  • the hierarchical pore ZSM-5 molecular sieve has a mesoporous and microporous structure; wherein the pore diameter of the mesopore is 2-20 nm, and the mesoporous pore volume is 0.2-0.5 mL/g; The particle size of the porous ZSM-5 molecular sieve is 100-300nm, and the specific surface area is 300-700m 2 /g.
  • the silicon-to-aluminum ratio of the multi-porous ZSM-5 molecular sieve is 20-200.
  • a method for preparing bis-(5-formylfurfuryl) ether is provided.
  • the method has high activity and OBMF selectivity, as well as good stability, and has good applications in the field of catalysts.
  • Prospects; at the same time, the bis-(5-formyl furfuryl) ether prepared by it can be used as a raw material to prepare polyamide materials.
  • the preparation method of the bis-(5-formyl furfuryl) ether includes: reacting a material containing 5-hydroxymethyl furfural in the presence of a catalyst to prepare bis-(5-formyl furfuryl) ether;
  • the catalyst is selected from the multi-porous ZSM-5 molecular sieve prepared by the preparation method of the multi-porous ZSM-5 molecular sieve described in any one of the above.
  • the concentration of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural in the material is 10-100 g/L.
  • the material also includes a solvent
  • the solvent is selected from at least one of p-chlorotoluene, dichloroethane, and trifluorotoluene.
  • the mass ratio of the 5-hydroxymethyl furfural to the catalyst is 10:1 to 1:1.
  • the mass ratio of the 5-hydroxymethyl furfural to the catalyst is 3:1 to 1:1.
  • the mass ratio of the 5-hydroxymethyl furfural to the catalyst is 2.5:1 to 1.5:1.
  • the temperature of the reaction is 80-120°C.
  • the reaction is carried out under stirring conditions.
  • the reaction is carried out in a batch reactor.
  • the stirring is mechanical stirring.
  • the upper limit of the concentration of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural in the material is selected from 50 g/L or 100 g/L; the lower limit is selected from 10 g/L or 50 g/L.
  • the upper limit of the mass ratio of the 5-hydroxymethyl furfural to the catalyst is selected from 2:1 or 10:1; the lower limit is selected from 2:1 or 1:1.
  • the upper limit of the reaction temperature is selected from 100°C or 120°C; the lower limit is selected from 80°C or 100°C.
  • the pressure of the reaction is normal pressure.
  • post-treatment is performed after the reaction; the post-treatment includes removing the solvent.
  • the removal of the solvent includes the removal of the organic solvent by distillation under reduced pressure.
  • the bis-(5-formyl furfuryl) ether prepared by the method is based on biomass HMF and has the advantage of being renewable.
  • the prepared polyamide material has high glass transition temperature, thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity.
  • HMF 5-hydroxymethylfurfural
  • OBMF bis-(5-formylfurfuryl) ether.
  • HTS refers to hexadecyltrimethoxysilane.
  • TPAOH refers to tetrapropylammonium hydroxide
  • PPG polypropylene glycol
  • PEG refers to polyethylene glycol
  • TMB trimethylbenzene
  • the bis-(5-formylfurfuryl) ether prepared by the biomass-based raw material HMF in this application can be used as a raw material to prepare polyamide materials and has a broad application prospect.
  • the hierarchical pore molecular sieve provided by this application is a hierarchical pore ZSM-5 molecular sieve, which has both micropores and mesopores, small crystal grain size, high specific surface area, and large mesopore pore size range, which can promote the presence of macromolecular substances in the pores. Diffusion in the medium, effectively improving the utilization rate of acid sites, and has a good application prospect in the field of catalysts;
  • the preparation method of the multi-porous molecular sieve provided by this application has the characteristics of simplicity, low energy consumption, and suitability for industrial production.
  • the method for preparing OBMF from HMF provided by this application has high HMF conversion activity, high OBMF yield and excellent stability; the reaction product is simple to separate, and high-purity OBMF products can be obtained by vacuum distillation; the reaction method
  • the multi-stage pore molecular sieve catalyst is not easy to deactivate, can be roasted and regenerated, and the performance of the reusable type does not significantly decrease.
  • Figure 1 shows the XRD pattern of the sample HZ-5.
  • Figure 2 shows the pore size distribution diagram of the sample HZ-1 and the sample HZ-5.
  • Figure 3 is a scanning electron micrograph of the sample HZ-5.
  • the X-ray powder diffraction of the sample adopts a D8ADVANCE powder diffractometer.
  • the pore structure of the sample was analyzed using the ASAP-2020 type physical adsorption instrument from Micromeritics.
  • the SEM image of the sample adopts Hitachi S4800 scanning electron microscope.
  • the product in the synthesis reaction of bis-(5-formyl furfuryl) ether was analyzed by Agilent 1260 high performance liquid chromatograph, and the external standard method was used for quantification.
  • the water vapor assisted method is: transfer the dry gel to the polytetrafluoroethylene lining A, and transfer the above-mentioned lining A to the lining B; to the polytetrafluoroethylene lining B Deionized water is added to it, and the deionized water is located between the two linings; the reactor is sealed and heated up to crystallize.
  • the obtained gel C was dried in an oven at 25°C for 48 hours to obtain a dry gel, transferred to a hydrothermal kettle, added 70 mL of deionized water, and crystallized in an oven at 170°C for 90 hours under steam assisted conditions;
  • the chemical product was rinsed with deionized water, and the solid product was placed in an oven, dried at 100°C for 10 hours, and then placed in a muffle furnace and calcined at 550°C for 5 hours to obtain a multi-level pore with a silicon-to-aluminum ratio of 100.
  • Molecular sieve HZ-1 The obtained gel C was dried in an oven at 25°C for 48 hours to obtain a dry gel, transferred to a hydrothermal kettle, added 70 mL of deionized water, and crystallized in an oven at 170°C for 90 hours under steam assisted conditions;
  • the chemical product was rinsed with deionized water, and the solid product was placed in an oven, dried at 100°C for 10 hours, and then placed
  • the obtained gel C was dried in an oven at 25°C for 48 hours to obtain a dry gel, transferred to a hydrothermal kettle, added 70 mL of deionized water, and crystallized in an oven at 180°C for 80 hours under steam assisted conditions;
  • the chemical product was rinsed with deionized water, and the solid product was placed in an oven, dried at 100°C for 5 hours, and then placed in a muffle furnace and fired at 550°C for 10 hours to obtain a multi-level pore with a silicon-to-aluminum ratio of 50.
  • Molecular sieve HZ-2 The obtained gel C was dried in an oven at 25°C for 48 hours to obtain a dry gel, transferred to a hydrothermal kettle, added 70 mL of deionized water, and crystallized in an oven at 180°C for 80 hours under steam assisted conditions;
  • the chemical product was rinsed with deionized water, and the solid product was placed in an oven, dried at 100°C for 5 hours, and then placed in a muffle
  • the obtained gel C was dried in an oven at 30°C for 36 hours to obtain a dry gel, transferred to a hydrothermal kettle, 60mL of deionized water was added, and steam assisted, crystallized in an oven at 190°C for 80 hours;
  • the chemical product was rinsed with deionized water, and the solid product was placed in an oven, dried at 100°C for 5 hours, and then placed in a muffle furnace and calcined at 550°C for 7 hours to obtain a multi-level hole with a silicon-to-aluminum ratio of 25.
  • Molecular sieve HZ-3 The obtained gel C was dried in an oven at 30°C for 36 hours to obtain a dry gel, transferred to a hydrothermal kettle, 60mL of deionized water was added, and steam assisted, crystallized in an oven at 190°C for 80 hours;
  • the chemical product was rinsed with deionized water, and the solid product was placed in an oven, dried at 100°C for 5 hours, and then placed in a
  • the obtained gel C was dried in an oven at 25°C for 48 hours to obtain a dry gel, which was transferred to a hydrothermal kettle, 70mL of deionized water was added, and steam assisted, crystallized in an oven at 185°C for 85 hours;
  • the chemical product was rinsed with deionized water, and the solid product was placed in an oven, dried at 100°C for 10 hours, and then placed in a muffle furnace and calcined at 550°C for 8 hours to obtain a multi-level pore with a silicon-to-aluminum ratio of 50.
  • Molecular sieve HZ-4 is analyzed by a silicalite.
  • the obtained gel C was dried in an oven at 35°C for 48 hours to obtain a dry gel, transferred to a hydrothermal kettle, added 65 mL of deionized water, and crystallized in an oven at 180°C for 90 hours under water vapor assisted conditions;
  • the chemical product was rinsed with deionized water, and the solid product was placed in an oven, dried at 100°C for 10 hours, and then placed in a muffle furnace and calcined at 550°C for 10 hours to obtain a multi-level hole with a silicon-to-aluminum ratio of 100.
  • Molecular sieve HZ-5 The obtained gel C was dried in an oven at 35°C for 48 hours to obtain a dry gel, transferred to a hydrothermal kettle, added 65 mL of deionized water, and crystallized in an oven at 180°C for 90 hours under water vapor assisted conditions;
  • the chemical product was rinsed with deionized water, and the solid product was placed in an oven, dried at 100°C for 10 hours, and then
  • the obtained gel C was dried in an oven at 40°C for 24 hours to obtain a dry gel, transferred to a hydrothermal kettle, 60mL of deionized water was added, and steam assisted, crystallized in an oven at 175°C for 90 hours;
  • the chemical product was rinsed with deionized water, and the solid product was placed in an oven, dried at 100°C for 5 hours, and then placed in a muffle furnace and calcined at 550°C for 10 hours to obtain a multi-level pore with a silicon-to-aluminum ratio of 50.
  • Molecular sieve HZ-6 is analyzed by a muffle furnace, calcined at 550°C for 10 hours.
  • the obtained gel C was dried in an oven at 40°C for 24 hours to obtain a dry gel, transferred to a hydrothermal kettle, added 70 mL of deionized water, and crystallized in an oven at 175°C for 90 hours under steam assisted conditions;
  • the chemical product was rinsed with deionized water, and the solid product was placed in an oven, dried at 100°C for 5 hours, and then placed in a muffle furnace and fired at 550°C for 10 hours to obtain a multi-level pore with a silicon-to-aluminum ratio of 100.
  • Molecular sieve HZ-7 The obtained gel C was dried in an oven at 40°C for 24 hours to obtain a dry gel, transferred to a hydrothermal kettle, added 70 mL of deionized water, and crystallized in an oven at 175°C for 90 hours under steam assisted conditions;
  • the chemical product was rinsed with deionized water, and the solid product was placed in an oven, dried at 100°C for 5 hours, and then placed in a
  • the samples HZ-1 ⁇ HZ-7 were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction. The results showed that all the samples were ZSM-5 molecular sieves, with sample HZ-5 as a typical representative.
  • the XRD patterns are shown in Figure 1. Other samples The result is similar to that in Figure 1.
  • the positions of the diffraction peaks are basically the same, and the peak intensity of each diffraction peak varies within a range of ⁇ 10% depending on the preparation conditions.
  • the physical adsorption analyzer analyzes the pore structure of samples HZ-1 ⁇ HZ-7, with samples HZ-5 and HZ-1 as typical representatives, as shown in Figure 2.
  • the mesoporous pore size range of the HZ-5 sample is 2-20nm
  • the average mesopore pore diameter (7nm) of the HZ-5 sample is significantly higher than that of the HZ-1 sample (4nm).
  • Characterization of the pore structure of samples HZ-1 ⁇ HZ-7 shows that hierarchical pore ZSM-5 molecular sieves (microporous and mesoporous) are obtained, the pore diameter of the mesopores is 2-20nm, and the mesopore volume is 0.2 ⁇ 0.5mL/g; the specific surface area of the hierarchical pore ZSM-5 molecular sieve is 300 ⁇ 700m 2 /g.
  • the samples HZ-1 ⁇ HZ-7 were characterized by SEM, with sample HZ-5 as a typical representative, the XRD pattern is shown in Figure 3; Figure 3 shows the scanning electron microscope image of the HZ-5 sample, HZ-5 The particle size of the sample is 100 ⁇ 300nm.
  • the test results of other samples are similar to the test results of sample HZ-5, and all have obtained multi-porous molecular sieves with a particle size of 100-300 nm.
  • HZ-1 ⁇ HZ-7 samples and commercial molecular sieves purchased from Nankai University Catalyst Factory were used in the synthesis reaction of bis-(5-formyl furfuryl) ether.
  • Specific steps As follows: Measure 18mL of p-chlorotoluene and pour it into a 100mL batch reactor; Weigh 1g of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural, add it to p-chlorotoluene, turn on mechanical stirring, and heat to 100°C under reflux conditions; Weigh 0.5g of catalyst sample, add it to the reactor, react for 8h at 0.1MPa pressure, sample and dilute with methanol, analyze the concentration of reactants and products by high performance liquid chromatography, and then calculate the conversion rate of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural And bis-(5-formyl furfuryl) ether yield.
  • the HZ-5 sample is used in the synthesis reaction of bis-(5-formyl furfuryl) ether.
  • the specific steps are as follows: Measure 18 mL of p-chlorotoluene and pour it into a 100 mL batch reactor; weigh 1 g 5-hydroxyl Methyl furfural is added to p-chlorotoluene, mechanical stirring is turned on, and heated to 100°C under reflux conditions; 0.5g catalyst sample is weighed, added to the reactor, reacted at 0.1Mpa for 8h, and the sample is diluted with methanol The concentration of reactants and products were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography, and the conversion rate of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural and the yield of bis-(5-formyl furfuryl) ether were calculated.
  • the catalyst was filtered and washed, dried in an oven at 100°C for 2 hours, and calcined in a muffle furnace at 550°C for 7 hours, before continuing to be used in the synthesis reaction of bis-(5-formyl furfuryl) ether. Repeating the above operations, the performance of the catalyst is shown in Table 2.
  • the activity of the catalyst does not decrease significantly, the yield of OBMF fluctuates in the range of 95% to 98%, and the selectivity of OBMF always remains above 98%, indicating the stability of the catalyst. It has high performance and good industrial application prospects.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种多级孔ZSM-5分子筛的制备方法，包括：(1)将含有硅源、铝源、有机胺、模板剂、醇类化合物和扩孔剂的原料混合，得到凝胶，然后干燥，得到干凝胶；(2)将步骤(1)中得到的干凝胶水蒸汽辅助晶化，焙烧，得到所述多级孔ZSM-5分子筛。及该多级孔ZSM-5分子筛作为催化剂制备双-(5-甲酰基糠基)醚的方法。

Description

一种多级孔ZSM-5分子筛的制备方法及双-(5-甲酰基糠基)醚的制备方法 技术领域
本申请涉及一种多级孔ZSM-5分子筛的制备方法及采用多级孔ZSM-5分子筛作为催化剂制备双-(5-甲酰基糠基)醚的方法，属于双-(5-甲酰基糠基)醚的制备领域。
背景技术
双-(5-甲酰基糠基)醚(OBMF)是一种重要的生物基化学品，一方面可作为抗病毒药物前体，另一方面可用于制备亚胺基聚合物，尤其是可作为原料制备聚酰胺类材料；后者可广泛应用于航空材料、微电子器件、汽车配件、涂料等领域。酸催化5-羟甲基糠醛(HMF)自身醚化是合成OBMF的一种有效方法。相比于均相酸催化剂，采用以分子筛为代表的固体酸催化剂不仅可以获得较高的OBMF产率，且具有低腐蚀性、绿色环保、易分离、可再生等优势。现有技术中介孔分子筛存在水热稳定性较差、孔壁非晶化、酸性弱等问题，限制了其规模化应用。因此，开发可在不除水条件下催化HMF醚化高选择性制备OBMF的多级孔分子筛催化剂具有重要意义。
发明内容
根据本申请的一个方面，提供了一种多级孔ZSM-5分子筛的制备方法，该方法采用扩孔剂制备的多级孔ZSM-5分子筛，具有多级孔结构；同时作为催化剂制备双-(5-甲酰基糠基)醚，具有优异的反应活性和选择性。
所述多级孔ZSM-5分子筛的制备方法包括：
(1)将含有硅源、铝源、有机胺、模板剂、醇类化合物和扩孔剂的原料混合，得到凝胶，然后干燥，得到干凝胶；
(2)将步骤(1)中得到的干凝胶水蒸汽辅助晶化，焙烧，得到所述多级孔ZSM-5分子筛。
可选地，所述原料中各物质的摩尔比满足：硅源：铝源：有机胺：模板剂：扩孔剂：醇类化合物＝1:0.0025～0.025:0.2:0.05:0.05～0.35:30；
其中，硅源的摩尔数以SiO 2计，铝源的摩尔数以Al 2O 3计，有机胺、介孔模板剂、扩孔剂和醇类化合物均以本身的摩尔数计。
可选地，步骤(1)中所硅源包括正硅酸四乙酯；
所述铝源包括异丙醇铝；
所述有机胺包括四丙基氢氧化铵；
所述模板剂包括十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷、十八烷基三甲氧基硅烷中的至少一种。
可选地，所述铝源选自有机铝化合物中的至少一种。
可选地，所硅源选自正硅酸烷基酯中的至少一种。
可选地，所述模板剂为介孔模板剂。
可选地，所述醇类化合物选自碳原子数为1-10的烷基醇。
可选地，所述醇类化合物选自甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇中的至少一种。
可选地，所述醇类化合物包括乙醇。
可选地，所述扩孔剂选自聚丙二醇、聚乙二醇、三甲苯中的至少一种。
可选地，步骤(1)中所述干燥的条件包括：20～50℃下干燥不少于24小时；
步骤(2)中所述晶化的条件包括：晶化的温度为160℃～195℃，晶化的时间为70～90小时。
可选地，步骤(2)中所述晶化的条件包括：晶化的温度170℃～190℃；晶化的时间为80～90小时。
可选地，所述晶化的温度上限选自170℃、175℃、180℃、185℃或190℃；下限选自160℃、170℃、175℃、180℃或185℃。
可选地，所述晶化的时间上限选自80小时、85小时或90小时；下限选自70小时、80小时或85小时。
可选地，所述干燥的温度上限选自25℃、30℃、35℃、40℃或50℃；下限选自20℃、25℃、30℃、35℃或40℃。
可选地，所述干燥的时间上限选自36小时或48小时；下限选自24小时或36小时。
可选地，所述焙烧之前进行干燥处理。
可选地，所述干燥的条件为：100℃下干燥5～10h。
可选地，所述焙烧的条件为：550℃下焙烧8～10h。
作为其中一种具体的实施方式，所述多级孔ZSM-5分子筛的制备方法包括：
1)将含有硅源、铝源、有机胺、介孔模板剂、扩孔剂和醇类化合物的原料混合制成凝胶；
2)将凝胶干燥后获得干凝胶；
3)将干凝胶置于反应釜中并加入少量水，反应釜置于烘箱中晶化；
4)晶化结束后，所得固体经洗涤、干燥、焙烧，即得所述多级孔ZSM-5分子筛。
作为其中一种具体的实施方式，所述双-(5-甲酰基糠基)醚的制备方法包括：将含有5-羟甲基糠醛和有机溶剂的物料加入反应器中，加热至一定温度后，加入多级孔分子筛催化剂，反应一定时间后得到双-(5-甲酰基糠基)醚；所述有机溶剂为：对氯甲苯、二氯乙烷、三氟甲苯中的至少一种。
可选地，所述多级孔ZSM-5分子筛的制备方法包括：将含有铝源和有机胺的原料与含有硅源和模板剂的原料混合，得到凝胶。
可选地，所述含有硅源和模板剂的原料中还包括扩孔剂。
可选地，所述催化剂通过焙烧再生。
可选地，反应结束后的催化剂经过滤、洗涤、干燥、焙烧后，即可实现再生，多次套用后性能无明显下降，具有良好的工业化前景。
可选地，所述焙烧的温度为500～600℃焙烧。
可选地，所述焙烧的条件为550℃焙烧7小时。
可选地，所述多级孔ZSM-5分子筛具有介孔和微孔结构；所述介孔的孔径为2～50nm。
可选地，所述多级孔ZSM-5分子筛具有介孔和微孔结构；其中，所述介孔的孔径为2～20nm，介孔孔容为0.2～0.5mL/g；所述多级孔ZSM-5分子筛的粒径为100～300nm，比表面积为300～700m 2/g。
可选地，所述多级孔ZSM-5分子筛的硅铝比为20～200。
根据本申请的一个方面，提供了一种双-(5-甲酰基糠基)醚的制备方法，该方法具有高的活性和OBMF选择性，以及良好的稳定性，在催化剂领域具有良好的应用前景；同时其制备的双-(5-甲酰基糠基)醚可作为原料制备聚酰胺类材料。
所述双-(5-甲酰基糠基)醚的制备方法，包括：将含有5-羟甲基糠醛的物料在催化剂的存在下反应，制备得到双-(5-甲酰基糠基)醚；其中，所述催化剂选自上述任一项所述的多级孔ZSM-5分子筛的制备方法制备的多级孔ZSM-5分子筛。
可选地，所述物料中5-羟甲基糠醛的浓度为10～100g/L。
所述物料中还包括溶剂；
所述溶剂选自对氯甲苯、二氯乙烷、三氟甲苯中的至少一种。
可选地，所述5-羟甲基糠醛与催化剂的质量比为10:1～1:1。
可选地，所述5-羟甲基糠醛与催化剂的质量比为3:1～1:1。
可选地，所述5-羟甲基糠醛与催化剂的质量比为2.5:1～1.5:1。
可选地，所述反应的温度为80～120℃。所述反应在搅拌条件进行。
所述反应在间歇式反应器中进行。
可选地，所述搅拌为机械搅拌。
可选地，所述物料中5-羟甲基糠醛的浓度上限选自50g/L或100g/L；下限选自10g/L或50g/L。
可选地，所述5-羟甲基糠醛与催化剂的质量比上限选自2:1或10:1；下限选自2:1或1:1。
可选地，所述反应的温度上限选自100℃或120℃；下限选自80℃或100℃。
可选地，所述反应的压力为常压。
可选地，所述反应后进行后处理；所述后处理包括去除溶剂。
可选地，所述去除溶剂包括减压蒸馏去除有机溶剂。
本方法制备的双-(5-甲酰基糠基)醚是基于生物质HMF，具有可再生的优势，所制备的聚酰胺类材料具有高的玻璃化温度、导热性和导电性。
本申请中，“HMF”是指5-羟甲基糠醛。
本申请中，“OBMF”是指双-(5-甲酰基糠基)醚本申请中，“HTS”是指十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷。
本申请中，“TPAOH”是指四丙基氢氧化铵。
本申请中，“PPG”是指聚丙二醇。
本申请中，“PEG”是指聚乙二醇。
本申请中，“TMB”是指三甲苯。
本申请能产生的有益效果包括：
1)本申请中通过生物质基原料HMF制备得到的双-(5-甲酰基糠基)醚，可作为原料制备聚酰胺材料，应用前景广阔。
2)本申请所提供的多级孔分子筛为多级孔ZSM-5分子筛，同时具有微孔和介孔，晶粒尺寸小，比表面积高，介孔孔径范围大，可促进大分子物质在孔道中的扩散，有效提高酸性位的利用率，在催化剂领域具有良好的应用前景；
3)本申请所提供的多级孔分子筛的制备方法具有简单、能耗低、适合工业化生产的特点。
4)本申请所提供的HMF制备OBMF的方法具有高的HMF转化活性、高的OBMF产率和优异的稳定性；反应产物分离简单，通过减压蒸馏即可获得高纯度OBMF产品； 该反应方法的多级孔分子筛催化剂不易失活，可焙烧再生，重复使用式性能无明显下降。
附图说明
图1为样品HZ-5样品的XRD图。
图2为样品HZ-1与样品HZ-5样品的孔径分布图。
图3为样品HZ-5样品的扫描电镜图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例详述本申请，但本申请并不局限于这些实施例。
如无特别说明，本申请的实施例中的原料和溶剂均通过商业途径购买。
实施例中，样品的X射线粉末衍射采用D8ADVANCE型粉末衍射仪。
实施例中，采用Micromeritics公司的ASAP-2020型物理吸附仪分析样品的孔结构。
实施例中，样品的SEM图采用Hitachi S4800型扫描电子显微镜。
实施例中，采用Agilent公司的1260型高效液相色谱仪对双-(5-甲酰基糠基)醚合成反应中的产物进行分析，采用外标法进行定量。
本申请的实施例中转化率、选择性计算如下：
本申请的实施例中，5-羟甲基糠醛醚化制备双-(5-甲酰基糠基)醚反应中转化率、产率都基于碳摩尔数计算如下：
产率＝(实际产量/理论产量)×100％
转化率＝(反应的量/总量)×100％
选择性＝(产率/传化率)×100％
本申请的实施例中，水蒸气辅助的方式为：将干凝胶转移至聚四氟乙烯内衬A中，将上述的内衬A转移至内衬B中；向聚四氟乙烯内衬B中加入去离子水，此时去离子水位于两内衬之间；反应釜密封后升温晶化。
实施例1样品HZ-1制备
将异丙醇铝(下文中的摩尔比以SiO 2简称)和四丙基氢氧化铵(下文中的摩尔比以TPAOH简称)加入到60mL乙醇(下文中的摩尔比以EtOH简称)中，室温下搅拌成澄清溶液A；将正硅酸四乙酯和十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷(下文中的摩尔比以HTS简称)加入到30mL乙醇中，室温下搅拌成澄清溶液B；将溶液B滴加入至溶液A中， 剧烈搅拌(1000转/分钟)成均匀的凝胶C，各物料的摩尔比为1SiO 2:0.005Al 2O 3:0.2TPAOH:0.05HTS:30EtOH。获得的凝胶C在25℃烘箱中干燥48小时后获得干凝胶，转移至水热釜中，加入70mL去离子水，水蒸汽辅助条件下，在烘箱中170℃下晶化90小时；晶化产物用去离子水冲洗，将固体产物放至烘箱中，在100℃下干燥10小时，然后置于马弗炉中，550℃下焙烧5小时，制得硅铝比为100的多级孔分子筛HZ-1。
实施例2样品HZ-2制备
将异丙醇铝和四丙基氢氧化铵加入到50mL乙醇中，室温下搅拌成澄清溶液A；将正硅酸四乙酯和十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷加入到50mL乙醇中，室温下搅拌成澄清溶液B；将溶液B滴加入至溶液A中，剧烈搅拌(1000转/分钟)成均匀的凝胶C，各物料的摩尔比为1SiO 2:0.01Al 2O 3:0.2TPAOH:0.05HTS:30EtOH。获得的凝胶C在25℃烘箱中干燥48小时后获得干凝胶，转移至水热釜中，加入70mL去离子水，水蒸汽辅助条件下，在烘箱中180℃下晶化80小时；晶化产物用去离子水冲洗，将固体产物放至烘箱中，在100℃下干燥5小时，然后置于马弗炉中，550℃下焙烧10小时，制得硅铝比为50的多级孔分子筛HZ-2。
实施例3样品HZ-3制备
将异丙醇铝和四丙基氢氧化铵加入到60mL乙醇中，室温下搅拌成澄清溶液A；将正硅酸四乙酯和十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷加入到40mL乙醇中，室温下搅拌成澄清溶液B；将溶液B滴加入至溶液A中，剧烈搅拌(1000转/分钟)成均匀的凝胶C，各物料的摩尔比为1SiO 2:0.02Al 2O 3:0.2TPAOH:0.05HTS:30EtOH。获得的凝胶C在30℃烘箱中干燥36小时后获得干凝胶，转移至水热釜中，加入60mL去离子水，水蒸汽辅助条件下，在烘箱中190℃下晶化80小时；晶化产物用去离子水冲洗，将固体产物放至烘箱中，在100℃下干燥5小时，然后置于马弗炉中，550℃下焙烧7小时，制得硅铝比为25的多级孔分子筛HZ-3。
实施例4样品HZ-4制备
将异丙醇铝和四丙基氢氧化铵加入到50mL乙醇中，室温下搅拌成澄清溶液A；将正硅酸四乙酯、十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷、聚丙二醇(PPG-400)加入到50mL乙醇中，室温下搅拌成澄清溶液B；将溶液B滴加入至溶液A中，剧烈搅拌(1000转/分钟)成均匀的凝胶C，各物料的摩尔比为1SiO 2:0.01Al 2O 3:0.2TPAOH:0.05HTS:0.15PPG: 30EtOH。获得的凝胶C在25℃烘箱中干燥48小时后获得干凝胶，转移至水热釜中，加入70mL去离子水，水蒸汽辅助条件下，在烘箱中185℃下晶化85小时；晶化产物用去离子水冲洗，将固体产物放至烘箱中，在100℃下干燥10小时，然后置于马弗炉中，550℃下焙烧8小时，制得硅铝比为50的多级孔分子筛HZ-4。
实施例5样品HZ-5制备
将异丙醇铝和四丙基氢氧化铵加入到50mL乙醇中，室温下搅拌成澄清溶液A；将正硅酸四乙酯、十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷、聚丙二醇(PPG-400)加入到50mL乙醇中，室温下搅拌成澄清溶液B；将溶液B滴加入至溶液A中，剧烈搅拌(1000转/分钟)成均匀的凝胶C，各物料的摩尔比为1SiO 2:0.005Al 2O 3:0.2TPAOH:0.05HTS:0.35PPG:30EtOH。获得的凝胶C在35℃烘箱中干燥48小时后获得干凝胶，转移至水热釜中，加入65mL去离子水，水蒸汽辅助条件下，在烘箱中180℃下晶化90小时；晶化产物用去离子水冲洗，将固体产物放至烘箱中，在100℃下干燥10小时，然后置于马弗炉中，550℃下焙烧10小时，制得硅铝比为100的多级孔分子筛HZ-5。
实施例6样品HZ-6制备
将异丙醇铝和四丙基氢氧化铵加入到40mL乙醇中，室温下搅拌成澄清溶液A；将正硅酸四乙酯、十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷、聚乙二醇(PEG-400)加入到60mL乙醇中，室温下搅拌成澄清溶液B；将溶液B滴加入至溶液A中，剧烈搅拌(1000转/分钟)成均匀的凝胶C，各物料的摩尔比为1SiO 2:0.01Al 2O 3:0.2TPAOH:0.05HTS:0.05PEG:30EtOH。获得的凝胶C在40℃烘箱中干燥24小时后获得干凝胶，转移至水热釜中，加入60mL去离子水，水蒸汽辅助条件下，在烘箱中175℃下晶化90小时；晶化产物用去离子水冲洗，将固体产物放至烘箱中，在100℃下干燥5小时，然后置于马弗炉中，550℃下焙烧10小时，制得硅铝比为50的多级孔分子筛HZ-6。
实施例7样品HZ-7制备
将异丙醇铝和四丙基氢氧化铵加入到50mL乙醇中，室温下搅拌成澄清溶液A；将正硅酸四乙酯、十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷、三甲苯加入到50mL乙醇中，室温下搅拌成澄清溶液B；将溶液B滴加入至溶液A中，剧烈搅拌(1000转/分钟)成均匀的凝胶C，各物料的摩尔比为1SiO 2:0.005Al 2O 3:0.2TPAOH:0.05HTS:0.25TMB:30EtOH。获得的凝胶C在40℃烘箱中干燥24小时后获得干凝胶，转移至水热釜中，加入70mL 去离子水，水蒸汽辅助条件下，在烘箱中175℃下晶化90小时；晶化产物用去离子水冲洗，将固体产物放至烘箱中，在100℃下干燥5小时，然后置于马弗炉中，550℃下焙烧10小时，制得硅铝比为100的多级孔分子筛HZ-7。
实施例8样品的表征
(1)物质结构表征
采用X射线粉末衍射对样品HZ-1～HZ-7进行了表征，结果显示，所有样品均为ZSM-5分子筛，以样品HZ-5为典型代表，其XRD图如图1所示，其他样品的结果与图1类似，衍射峰峰位置基本相同，各衍射峰的峰强度随着制备条件的不同在±10％的范围内变化。
(2)孔结构分析
物理吸附仪分析样品HZ-1～HZ-7的孔结构，以样品HZ-5和HZ-1为典型代表，如图2所示；由图2可知，HZ-5样品的介孔孔径范围为2～20nm，HZ-5样品的介孔平均孔径(7nm)明显高于HZ-1样品(4nm)。
对样品HZ-1～HZ-7的孔结构进行表征，均表明获得了多级孔ZSM-5分子筛(微孔和介孔)，介孔的孔径为2～20nm，介孔孔容为0.2～0.5mL/g；多级孔ZSM-5分子筛的比表面积为300～700m 2/g。
(3)形貌分析
采用SEM对样品HZ-1～HZ-7进行了表征，以样品HZ-5为典型代表，其XRD图如图3所示；图3给出了HZ-5样品的扫描电镜图，HZ-5的样品粒径为100～300nm。其他样品的测试结果与样品HZ-5的测试结果类似，均获得了粒径为100～300nm的多级孔分子筛。
实施例9催化剂样品在5-羟甲基糠醛自身醚化制备双-(5-甲酰基糠基)醚反应中的应用
分别将HZ-1～HZ-7样品和购买自南开大学催化剂厂的商业分子筛(ZSM-5、Beta、MCM-22)用于双-(5-甲酰基糠基)醚的合成反应，具体步骤如下：量取18mL的对氯甲苯，倒入至100mL间歇式反应器中；称取1g 5-羟甲基糠醛，加入至对氯甲苯中，开启机械搅拌，在回流条件下加热至100℃；称取0.5g催化剂样品，加入至反应器中，在0.1MPa压力下反应8h后，取样经甲醇稀释后用高效液相色谱分析反应物和产物的浓度，进而计算5-羟甲基糠醛转化率和双-(5-甲酰基糠基)醚产率。由表1可知，相 比于商业化的分子筛，自制的HZ-1～HZ-7均表现出了更高的催化活性和OBMF产率。其中，在具有较大介孔孔径的HZ-5～HZ-7样品上可获得95％以上的OBMF产率，OBMF选择性为98～99％。
表1不同催化剂催化5-羟甲基糠醛自身醚化制备双-(5-甲酰基糠基)醚的性能
Figure PCTCN2020087962-appb-000001
反应温度100℃，HMF：5-羟甲基糠醛；OBMF：双-(5-甲酰基糠基)醚
实施例10 HZ-5样品在5-羟甲基糠醛自身醚化制备双-(5-甲酰基糠基)醚反应中的稳定性测试
将HZ-5样品用于双-(5-甲酰基糠基)醚的合成反应，具体步骤如下：量取18mL的对氯甲苯，倒入至100mL间歇式反应器中；称取1g 5-羟甲基糠醛，加入至对氯甲苯中，开启机械搅拌，在回流条件下加热至100℃；称取0.5g催化剂样品，加入至反应器中，在0.1Mpa下反应8h后，取样经甲醇稀释后用高效液相色谱分析反应物和产物的浓度，进而计算5-羟甲基糠醛转化率和双-(5-甲酰基糠基)醚产率。催化剂经过滤、洗涤后，在100℃烘箱中干燥2小时，550℃马弗炉中焙烧7小时后，继续用于双-(5-甲酰基糠基)醚的合成反应。重复以上操作，催化剂的套用性能如表2所示，催化剂的活性无明显下降，OBMF的产率在95～98％范围内波动，OBMF选择性始终保持在98％以上，表明了该催化剂的稳定性高，具有良好的工业应用前景。
表2 HZ-5催化剂的样品的稳定性测试
套用次数 HMF转化率/％ OBMF产率/％ OBMF选择性/％
1 99 98 99
2 99 98 99
3 97 96 99
4 98 96 98
5 99 98 99
6 97 95 98
7 97 96 99
反应温度100℃，HMF：5-羟甲基糠醛；OBMF：双-(5-甲酰基糠基)醚
以上所述，仅是本申请的几个实施例，并非对本申请做任何形式的限制，虽然本申请以较佳实施例揭示如上，然而并非用以限制本申请，任何熟悉本专业的技术人员，在不脱离本申请技术方案的范围内，利用上述揭示的技术内容做出些许的变动或修饰均等同于等效实施案例，均属于技术方案范围内。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种多级孔ZSM-5分子筛的制备方法，其特征在于，包括：
    (1)将含有硅源、铝源、有机胺、模板剂、醇类化合物和扩孔剂的原料混合，得到凝胶，然后干燥，得到干凝胶；
    (2)将步骤(1)中得到的干凝胶水蒸汽辅助晶化，焙烧，得到所述多级孔ZSM-5分子筛。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的多级孔ZSM-5分子筛的制备方法，其特征在于，所述原料中各物质的摩尔比满足：硅源：铝源：有机胺：模板剂：扩孔剂：醇类化合物＝1:0.0025～0.025:0.2:0.05:0.05～0.35:30；
    其中，硅源的摩尔数以SiO 2计，铝源的摩尔数以Al 2O 3计，有机胺、介孔模板剂、扩孔剂和醇类化合物均以本身的摩尔数计。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的多级孔ZSM-5分子筛的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)中所硅源包括正硅酸四乙酯；
    所述铝源包括异丙醇铝；
    所述有机胺包括四丙基氢氧化铵；
    所述模板剂包括十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷、十八烷基三甲氧基硅烷中的至少一种；
    所述醇类化合物包括甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇中的至少一种；
    所述扩孔剂包括聚丙二醇、聚乙二醇、三甲苯中的至少一种。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的多级孔ZSM-5分子筛的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)中所述晶化的条件包括：晶化的温度为160℃～195℃，晶化的时间为70～90小时。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的多级孔ZSM-5分子筛的制备方法，其特征在于，所述催化剂通过焙烧再生。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的多级孔ZSM-5分子筛的制备方法，其特征在于，所述多级孔ZSM-5分子筛具有介孔和微孔结构；其中，所述介孔的孔径为2～20nm，介孔孔容为0.2～0.5mL/g。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的多级孔ZSM-5分子筛的制备方法，其特征在于，所述多级孔ZSM-5分子筛的粒径为100～300nm，比表面积为300～700m 2/g。
  8. 一种双-(5-甲酰基糠基)醚的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备方法包括：将含有5-羟甲基糠醛的物料在催化剂的存在下反应，制备得到双-(5-甲酰基糠基)醚；其中，所述催化剂为选自权利要求1至7任一项所述的多级孔ZSM-5分子筛的制备方法制备的多级孔ZSM-5分子筛。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的制备方法，其特征在于，其特征在于，所述物料中5-羟甲基糠醛的浓度为10～100g/L。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述物料中还包括溶剂；
    所述溶剂选自对氯甲苯、二氯乙烷、三氟甲苯中的至少一种。
  11. 根据权利要求8所述的制备方法，其特征在于，
    所述5-羟甲基糠醛与催化剂的质量比为10:1～1:1。
  12. 根据权利要求8所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述反应的温度为80～120℃。
  13. 根据权利要求8所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述反应的压力为常压。
  14. 根据权利要求8所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述反应在搅拌条件进行。
  15. 根据权利要求8所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述反应在间歇式反应器中进行。
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