WO2021161604A1 - 固体電解質材料およびそれを用いた電池 - Google Patents

固体電解質材料およびそれを用いた電池 Download PDF

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WO2021161604A1
WO2021161604A1 PCT/JP2020/042334 JP2020042334W WO2021161604A1 WO 2021161604 A1 WO2021161604 A1 WO 2021161604A1 JP 2020042334 W JP2020042334 W JP 2020042334W WO 2021161604 A1 WO2021161604 A1 WO 2021161604A1
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Prior art keywords
solid electrolyte
electrolyte material
material according
battery
negative electrode
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PCT/JP2020/042334
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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真志 境田
哲也 浅野
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Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co Ltd
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Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202080096152.XA priority Critical patent/CN115088111B/zh
Priority to JP2022500230A priority patent/JP7653606B2/ja
Priority to EP20918978.6A priority patent/EP4106044A4/en
Publication of WO2021161604A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021161604A1/ja
Priority to US17/885,285 priority patent/US20220384843A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
    • H01M10/0562—Solid materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
    • H01M2300/008—Halides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0088—Composites
    • H01M2300/0094—Composites in the form of layered products, e.g. coatings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a solid electrolyte material and a battery using the same.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses an all-solid-state battery in which a sulfide solid electrolyte is used.
  • Patent Document 2 discloses LiBF 4 as a fluoride solid electrolyte material.
  • An object of the present disclosure is to provide a solid electrolyte material having high lithium ion conductivity.
  • the solid electrolyte material of the present disclosure includes Li, Zr, Al, and F.
  • the present disclosure provides a solid electrolyte material having high lithium ion conductivity.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of the battery 1000 according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the battery 2000 according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of a pressure forming die 300 used for evaluating the ionic conductivity of a solid electrolyte material.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing a Core-Cole plot obtained by measuring the impedance of the solid electrolyte material according to Example 1.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph showing the initial discharge characteristics of the batteries according to Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.
  • the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment contains Li, Zr, Al, and F.
  • the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment has high lithium ion conductivity.
  • the high lithium ion conductivity is, for example, 8 ⁇ 10 -9 S / cm or more. That is, the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment can have, for example, an ionic conductivity of 8 ⁇ 10 -9 S / cm or more.
  • the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment can be used to obtain a battery having excellent charge / discharge characteristics.
  • An example of such a battery is an all-solid-state battery.
  • the all-solid-state battery may be a primary battery or a secondary battery.
  • the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment contains substantially no sulfur.
  • the fact that the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment is substantially free of sulfur means that the solid electrolyte material does not contain sulfur as a constituent element except for sulfur which is inevitably mixed as an impurity.
  • the amount of sulfur mixed as an impurity in the solid electrolyte material is, for example, 1 mol% or less. From the viewpoint of safety, it is desirable that the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment does not contain sulfur.
  • the sulfur-free solid electrolyte material is excellent in safety because hydrogen sulfide is not generated even when exposed to the atmosphere.
  • the sulfide solid electrolyte disclosed in Patent Document 1 can generate hydrogen sulfide when exposed to the atmosphere.
  • the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment contains F, it can have high oxidation resistance. This is because F has a high redox potential. On the other hand, since F has a high electronegativity, the bond with Li is relatively strong. As a result, the lithium ion conductivity of the solid electrolyte material containing Li and F is usually low.
  • LiBF 4 disclosed in Patent Document 2 has a low ionic conductivity of 6.67 ⁇ 10 -9 S / cm.
  • the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment contains Zr and Al in addition to Li and F, for example, 8 ⁇ 10 -9 S / cm or more, and further 1 ⁇ 10 -8 S / cm. It can have a high ionic conductivity of cm or more.
  • the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment may further contain anions other than F.
  • anions other than F examples of such anions are Cl, Br, I, O, S, or Se.
  • the ratio of the amount of substance of F to the total amount of substances of the anions constituting the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment is 0.50 or more and 1.0 or less. May be good.
  • the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment may substantially consist of Li, Zr, Al, and F.
  • the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment is substantially composed of Li, Zr, Al, and F
  • the total amount of substances of all the elements constituting the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment It means that the molar ratio (that is, the mole fraction) of the total amount of substances of Li, Zr, Al, and F to Li, Zr, Al, and F is 90% or more. As an example, the molar ratio (ie, mole fraction) may be 95% or greater.
  • the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment may consist only of Li, Zr, Al, and F.
  • the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment may contain an element that is inevitably mixed. Examples of such elements are hydrogen, oxygen, or nitrogen. Such elements may be present in the raw material powder of the solid electrolyte material or in the atmosphere for producing or storing the solid electrolyte material.
  • the ratio of the amount of substance of Li to the total amount of substance of Zr and Al is 1.12 or more and 5.07 or less. There may be.
  • the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment may be represented by the following composition formula (1).
  • the mathematical formulas: 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1 and 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 1.5 are satisfied.
  • Such a solid electrolyte material has high ionic conductivity.
  • the mathematical formula: 0.01 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.99 may be satisfied in the formula (1).
  • the formula: 0.2 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.95 may be satisfied.
  • the upper and lower limits of the range of x in equation (1) are 0.01, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 0.5, 0.7, 0.8, 0.95, and 0. It can be defined by any combination chosen from the numbers of .99.
  • the mathematical formula: 0.7 ⁇ b ⁇ 1.3 may be satisfied in the formula (1).
  • the mathematical formula: 0.9 ⁇ b ⁇ 1.04 may be satisfied.
  • the upper and lower limits of the range b in equation (1) are 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 0.96, 1, 1.04, 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3. Can be defined by any combination chosen from the numerical values of.
  • the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment may be crystalline or amorphous.
  • the shape of the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment is not limited. Examples of such shapes are needle-shaped, spherical, or elliptical spherical.
  • the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment may be particles.
  • the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment may be formed to have the shape of a pellet or a plate.
  • the solid electrolyte material may have a median diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less.
  • the median diameter means the particle size when the cumulative volume in the volume-based particle size distribution is equal to 50%.
  • the volume-based particle size distribution is measured, for example, by a laser diffraction measuring device or an image analyzer.
  • the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment may have a median diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less. This allows the solid electrolyte material to have higher conductivity. Further, when the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment is mixed with another material such as an active material, the dispersed state of the solid electrolyte material and the other material according to the first embodiment becomes good.
  • the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment can be produced, for example, by the following method.
  • Raw material powder is prepared and mixed so as to have the desired composition.
  • the raw material powder may be, for example, a halide.
  • the target composition is Li 2.64 Zr 0.48 Al 0.48 F 6
  • LiF, ZrF 4 , and AlF 3 are mixed in a molar ratio of about 2.64: 0.48: 0.48.
  • the feedstock may be mixed in a pre-adjusted molar ratio to offset any compositional changes that may occur during the synthesis process.
  • the raw material powders react with each other mechanochemically (that is, using the method of mechanochemical milling) in a mixing device such as a planetary ball mill to obtain a reactant.
  • the reactants may be calcined in vacuum or in an inert atmosphere.
  • the mixture of raw material powders may be calcined in vacuum or in an inert atmosphere to obtain a reactant.
  • the firing is preferably performed at 100 ° C. or higher and 400 ° C. or lower for 1 hour or longer, for example.
  • the raw material powder is preferably fired in a closed container such as a quartz tube.
  • the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment can be obtained.
  • the composition of the solid electrolyte material can be determined by, for example, ICP emission spectroscopic analysis method, ion chromatography method, inert gas melting-infrared absorption method, or EPMA (Electron Probe Micro Analyzer) method.
  • ICP emission spectroscopic analysis method ion chromatography method
  • EPMA Electrode Micro Analyzer
  • the composition of Li, Zr, and Al can be determined by ICP emission spectroscopy
  • the composition of F can be determined by ion chromatography.
  • the battery according to the second embodiment includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte layer.
  • the electrolyte layer is provided between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
  • At least one selected from the group consisting of a positive electrode, an electrolyte layer, and a negative electrode contains the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment. Since the battery according to the second embodiment contains the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment, it has excellent charge / discharge characteristics.
  • the battery may be an all-solid-state battery.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of the battery 1000 according to the second embodiment.
  • the battery 1000 according to the second embodiment includes a positive electrode 201, an electrolyte layer 202, and a negative electrode 203.
  • the electrolyte layer 202 is provided between the positive electrode 201 and the negative electrode 203.
  • the positive electrode 201 contains the positive electrode active material particles 204 and the solid electrolyte particles 100.
  • the electrolyte layer 202 contains an electrolyte material.
  • the electrolyte material is, for example, a solid electrolyte material.
  • the negative electrode 203 contains negative electrode active material particles 205 and solid electrolyte particles 100.
  • the solid electrolyte particle 100 is a particle containing the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment.
  • the solid electrolyte particles 100 may be particles made of the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment or particles containing the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment as a main component.
  • the particles containing the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment as the main component mean the particles in which the component contained most in the molar ratio is the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment.
  • the positive electrode 201 contains a material capable of occluding and releasing metal ions (for example, lithium ions).
  • the material is, for example, a positive electrode active material (for example, positive electrode active material particles 204).
  • positive electrode active materials are lithium-containing transition metal oxides, transition metal fluorides, polyanionic materials, fluorinated polyanionic materials, transition metal sulfides, transition metal oxysulfides, or transition metal oxynitrides.
  • the lithium-containing transition metal oxide Li (Ni, Co, Al ) O 2, Li (Ni, Co, Mn) O 2, or LiCoO 2.
  • the notation "(Ni, Co, Al)" in the chemical formula indicates at least one element selected from the element group in parentheses. That is, "(Ni, Co, Al)" is synonymous with "at least one selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, and Al". The same applies to other elements.
  • the positive electrode active material particles 204 may have a median diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less. When the positive electrode active material particles 204 have a median diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m or more, the dispersed state of the positive electrode active material particles 204 and the solid electrolyte particles 100 becomes good in the positive electrode 201. This improves the charge / discharge characteristics of the battery. When the positive electrode active material particles 204 have a median diameter of 100 ⁇ m or less, the lithium diffusion rate in the positive electrode active material particles 204 is improved. This allows the battery to operate at high output.
  • the positive electrode active material particles 204 may have a median diameter larger than that of the solid electrolyte particles 100. As a result, in the positive electrode 201, the dispersed state of the positive electrode active material particles 204 and the solid electrolyte particles 100 becomes good.
  • the ratio of the volume of the positive electrode active material particles 204 to the total volume of the positive electrode active material particles 204 and the volume of the solid electrolyte particles 100 is 0.30 or more and 0.95. It may be as follows.
  • a coating layer may be formed on at least a part of the surface of the positive electrode active material particles 204.
  • the coating layer can be formed on the surface of the positive electrode active material particles 204, for example, before being mixed with the conductive aid and the binder.
  • coating materials contained in the coating layer are sulfide solid electrolytes, oxide solid electrolytes, or halide solid electrolytes.
  • the coating material may contain the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment in order to suppress oxidative decomposition of the sulfide solid electrolyte.
  • the coating material may contain an oxide solid electrolyte in order to suppress oxidative decomposition of the solid electrolyte material.
  • oxide solid electrolyte lithium niobate, which is excellent in stability at a high potential, may be used. By suppressing the oxidative decomposition of the solid electrolyte material, it is possible to suppress an increase in the overvoltage of the battery.
  • the positive electrode 201 may have a thickness of 10 ⁇ m or more and 500 ⁇ m or less.
  • the electrolyte layer 202 contains an electrolyte material.
  • the electrolyte material is, for example, a solid electrolyte material.
  • the electrolyte layer 202 may be a solid electrolyte layer.
  • the electrolyte layer 202 may contain the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment.
  • the electrolyte layer 202 may be composed only of the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment.
  • the electrolyte layer 202 may be composed only of a solid electrolyte material different from the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment.
  • Examples of the solid electrolyte material different from the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment are Li 2 MgX 4 , Li 2 FeX 4 , Li (Al, Ga, In) X 4 , Li 3 (Al, Ga, In) X 6. , Or LiI.
  • X is at least one selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, and I.
  • the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment is referred to as the first solid electrolyte material.
  • a solid electrolyte material different from the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment is called a second solid electrolyte material.
  • the electrolyte layer 202 may contain not only the first solid electrolyte material but also the second solid electrolyte material. In the electrolyte layer 202, the first solid electrolyte material and the second solid electrolyte material may be uniformly dispersed. The layer made of the first solid electrolyte material and the layer made of the second solid electrolyte material may be laminated along the stacking direction of the battery 1000.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the battery 2000 according to the second embodiment.
  • the battery 2000 may include a positive electrode 201, a first electrolyte layer 212, a second electrolyte layer 222, and a negative electrode 203. That is, the electrolyte layer 202 may include the second electrolyte layer 212 and the second electrolyte layer 222.
  • the first electrolyte layer 212 is arranged between the positive electrode 201 and the negative electrode 203.
  • the second electrolyte layer 222 is arranged between the first electrolyte layer 212 and the negative electrode 203.
  • the first electrolyte layer 212 may contain the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment. Since the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment has high oxidation resistance, the solid electrolyte material contained in the second electrolyte layer 222 can be used without being oxidized. As a result, the charging / discharging efficiency of the battery can be improved.
  • the solid electrolyte material contained in the second electrolyte layer 222 may have a lower reduction potential than the solid electrolyte material contained in the first electrolyte layer 212.
  • the solid electrolyte material contained in the first electrolyte layer 212 can be used without being reduced.
  • the charging / discharging efficiency of the battery can be improved.
  • the first electrolyte layer 212 contains the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment, even if the second electrolyte layer 222 contains the sulfide solid electrolyte in order to suppress the reductive decomposition of the solid electrolyte material. good.
  • the electrolyte layer 202 may have a thickness of 1 ⁇ m or more and 1000 ⁇ m or less.
  • the negative electrode 203 contains a material capable of occluding and releasing metal ions (for example, lithium ions).
  • the material is, for example, a negative electrode active material (for example, negative electrode active material particles 205).
  • Examples of negative electrode active materials are metal materials, carbon materials, oxides, nitrides, tin compounds, or silicon compounds.
  • the metal material may be a simple substance metal or an alloy.
  • Examples of metallic materials are lithium metals or lithium alloys.
  • Examples of carbon materials are natural graphite, coke, developing carbon, carbon fibers, spheroidal carbon, artificial graphite, or amorphous carbon.
  • preferred examples of negative electrode active materials are silicon (ie Si), tin (ie Sn), silicon compounds, or tin compounds.
  • the negative electrode active material may be selected in consideration of the reduction resistance of the solid electrolyte material contained in the negative electrode 203.
  • the negative electrode active material may be a material capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions at 0.27 V or more with respect to lithium.
  • examples of such negative electrode active materials are titanium oxides, indium metals, or lithium alloys.
  • examples of titanium oxides are Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , Li Ti 2 O 4 , or Ti O 2 .
  • the negative electrode active material particles 205 may have a median diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less. When the negative electrode active material particles 205 have a median diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m or more, the dispersed state of the negative electrode active material particles 205 and the solid electrolyte particles 100 becomes good in the negative electrode 203. This improves the charge / discharge characteristics of the battery. When the negative electrode active material particles 205 have a median diameter of 100 ⁇ m or less, the lithium diffusion rate in the negative electrode active material particles 205 is improved. This allows the battery to operate at high output.
  • the negative electrode active material particles 205 may have a median diameter larger than that of the solid electrolyte particles 100. As a result, in the negative electrode 203, the dispersed state of the negative electrode active material particles 205 and the solid electrolyte particles 100 becomes good.
  • the ratio of the volume of the negative electrode active material particles 205 to the total volume of the negative electrode active material particles 205 and the volume of the solid electrolyte particles 100 is 0.30 or more and 0.95. It may be as follows.
  • the negative electrode 203 may have a thickness of 10 ⁇ m or more and 500 ⁇ m or less.
  • At least one selected from the group consisting of the positive electrode 201, the electrolyte layer 202, and the negative electrode 203 contains a second solid electrolyte material for the purpose of enhancing ionic conductivity, chemical stability, and electrochemical stability. May be.
  • the second solid electrolyte material are sulfide solid electrolytes, oxide solid electrolytes, halide solid electrolytes, or organic polymer solid electrolytes.
  • sulfide solid electrolyte means a solid electrolyte containing sulfur.
  • Oxide solid electrolyte means a solid electrolyte containing oxygen.
  • the oxide solid electrolyte may contain anions other than oxygen (excluding sulfur anions and halogen anions).
  • Oxide solid electrolyte means a solid electrolyte containing a halogen element and not containing sulfur.
  • the halide solid electrolyte may contain oxygen as well as the halogen element.
  • the second solid electrolyte material may be a sulfide solid electrolyte.
  • Examples of sulfide solid electrolytes are Li 2 SP 2 S 5 , Li 2 S-Si S 2 , Li 2 SB 2 S 3 , Li 2 S-GeS 2 , Li 3.25 Ge 0.25 P 0.75 S 4 , or It is Li 10 GeP 2 S 12 .
  • the negative electrode 203 may contain a sulfide solid electrolyte in order to suppress the reductive decomposition of the solid electrolyte material.
  • a sulfide solid electrolyte By covering the negative electrode active material with an electrochemically stable sulfide solid electrolyte, it is possible to prevent the solid electrolyte material according to the first embodiment from coming into contact with the negative electrode active material. As a result, the internal resistance of the battery can be reduced.
  • the second solid electrolyte material may be an oxide solid electrolyte.
  • An example of a solid oxide electrolyte is (I) NASICON type solid electrolytes such as LiTi 2 (PO 4 ) 3 or elemental substituents thereof, (Ii) Perovskite-type solid electrolytes such as (LaLi) TiO 3, (Iii) LISION type solid electrolytes such as Li 14 ZnGe 4 O 16 , Li 4 SiO 4 , LiGeO 4 or elemental substituents thereof, A garnet-type solid electrolyte such as (iv) Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 or an elemental substituent thereof, or (v) Li 3 PO 4 or an N-substituted product thereof. Is.
  • the second solid electrolyte material may be a halide solid electrolyte.
  • halide solid electrolytes are Li 2 MgX 4 , Li 2 FeX 4 , Li (Al, Ga, In) X 4 , Li 3 (Al, Ga, In) X 6 , or Li I.
  • X is at least one selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, and I.
  • halide solid electrolyte material is a compound represented by Li a Me b Y c X 6.
  • Me is at least one selected from the group consisting of metal elements other than Li and Y and metalloid elements.
  • m represents the valence of Me.
  • Metalloid elements are B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, and Te.
  • Metallic elements are all elements contained in groups 1 to 12 of the periodic table (excluding hydrogen) and all elements contained in groups 13 to 16 of the periodic table (however, B). , Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, C, N, P, O, S, and Se).
  • Me is a group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Sc, Al, Ga, Bi, Zr, Hf, Ti, Sn, Ta, and Nb. There may be at least one more selected.
  • the halide solid electrolyte may be Li 3 YCl 6 or Li 3 YBr 6 .
  • the second solid electrolyte material may be an organic polymer solid electrolyte.
  • organic polymer solid electrolytes examples include polymer compounds and lithium salt compounds.
  • the polymer compound may have an ethylene oxide structure. Since the polymer compound having an ethylene oxide structure can contain a large amount of lithium salts, the ionic conductivity can be further increased.
  • lithium salt LiPF 6, LiBF 4, LiSbF 6, LiAsF 6, LiSO 3 CF 3, LiN (SO 2 CF 3) 2, LiN (SO 2 C 2 F 5) 2, LiN (SO 2 CF 3) (SO 2 C 4 F 9 ) or LiC (SO 2 CF 3 ) 3 .
  • One lithium salt selected from these may be used alone. Alternatively, a mixture of two or more lithium salts selected from these may be used.
  • At least one selected from the group consisting of the positive electrode 201, the electrolyte layer 202, and the negative electrode 203 is a non-aqueous electrolyte solution, a gel electrolyte, or ions for the purpose of facilitating the transfer of lithium ions and improving the output characteristics of the battery. It may contain a liquid.
  • the non-aqueous electrolyte solution contains a non-aqueous solvent and a lithium salt dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent.
  • non-aqueous solvents examples include cyclic carbonate solvents, chain carbonate solvents, cyclic ether solvents, chain ether solvents, cyclic ester solvents, chain ester solvents, or fluorine solvents.
  • cyclic carbonate solvents are ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, or butylene carbonate.
  • chain carbonate solvents are dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, or diethyl carbonate.
  • Examples of cyclic ether solvents are tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, or 1,3-dioxolane.
  • the chain ether solvent is 1,2-dimethoxyethane or 1,2-diethoxyethane.
  • An example of a cyclic ester solvent is ⁇ -butyrolactone.
  • An example of a chain ester solvent is methyl acetate.
  • fluorine solvents are fluoroethylene carbonate, methyl fluoropropionate, fluorobenzene, fluoroethyl methyl carbonate, or fluorodimethylene carbonate.
  • One non-aqueous solvent selected from these may be used alone. Alternatively, a combination of two or more non-aqueous solvents selected from these may be used.
  • lithium salt LiPF 6, LiBF 4, LiSbF 6, LiAsF 6, LiSO 3 CF 3, LiN (SO 2 CF 3) 2, LiN (SO 2 C 2 F 5) 2, LiN (SO 2 CF 3) (SO 2 C 4 F 9 ) or LiC (SO 2 CF 3 ) 3 .
  • One lithium salt selected from these may be used alone. Alternatively, a mixture of two or more lithium salts selected from these may be used.
  • the concentration of the lithium salt is, for example, in the range of 0.5 mol / L or more and 2 mol / L or less.
  • a polymer material impregnated with a non-aqueous electrolyte solution can be used.
  • polymer materials are polyethylene oxide, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, polymethylmethacrylate, or polymers with ethylene oxide bonds.
  • cations contained in ionic liquids are (I) Aliphatic chain quaternary salts such as tetraalkylammonium or tetraalkylphosphonium, (Ii) Aliphatic cyclic ammonium such as pyrrolidiniums, morpholiniums, imidazoliniums, tetrahydropyrimidiniums, piperaziniums, or piperidiniums, or (iii) nitrogen-containing heteros such as pyridiniums or imidazoliums. Ring aromatic cation, Is.
  • Aliphatic chain quaternary salts such as tetraalkylammonium or tetraalkylphosphonium
  • Aliphatic cyclic ammonium such as pyrrolidiniums, morpholiniums, imidazoliniums, tetrahydropyrimidiniums, piperaziniums, or piperidiniums
  • nitrogen-containing heteros such as pyridiniums or
  • anion contained in the ionic liquid PF 6 -, BF 4 - , SbF 6 -, AsF 6 -, SO 3 CF 3 -, N (SO 2 CF 3) 2 -, N (SO 2 C 2 F 5 ) 2 -, N (SO 2 CF 3) (SO 2 C 4 F 9) -, or C (SO 2 CF 3) 3 - a.
  • the ionic liquid may contain a lithium salt.
  • At least one selected from the group consisting of the positive electrode 201, the electrolyte layer 202, and the negative electrode 203 may contain a binder for the purpose of improving the adhesion between the particles.
  • binders are polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, aramid resin, polyamide, polyimide, polyamideimide, polyacrylic nitrile, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylic acid methyl ester, polyacrylic acid ethyl ester, Polyacrylic acid hexyl ester, polymethacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid methyl ester, polymethacrylic acid ethyl ester, polymethacrylic acid hexyl ester, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyether, polyether sulfone, hexafluoropolypropylene, styrene butadiene rubber , Or carboxymethyl cellulose.
  • Copolymers can also be used as binders.
  • binders are tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether, vinylidene fluoride, chlorotrifluoroethylene, ethylene, propylene, pentafluoropropylene, fluoromethyl vinyl ether, acrylic acid.
  • a copolymer of two or more materials selected from the group consisting of hexadiene A mixture of two or more materials selected from these may be used as a binder.
  • At least one of the positive electrode 201 and the negative electrode 203 may contain a conductive auxiliary agent in order to reduce electronic resistance.
  • a conductive aid is (I) Graphites such as natural graphite or artificial graphite, (Ii) Carbon blacks such as acetylene black or ketjen black, (Iii) Conductive fibers such as carbon fibers or metal fibers, (Iv) Carbon fluoride, (V) Metal powders such as aluminum, (Vi) Conductive whiskers, such as zinc oxide or potassium titanate, Conductive metal oxides such as (vii) titanium oxide, or conductive polymer compounds such as (vii) polyaniline, polypyrrole, or polythiophene. Is. In order to reduce the cost, the conductive auxiliary agent (i) or (ii) described above may be used.
  • Examples of the shape of the battery according to the second embodiment are coin type, cylindrical type, square type, sheet type, button type, flat type, or laminated type.
  • a material for forming a positive electrode, a material for forming an electrolyte layer, and a material for forming a negative electrode are prepared, and the positive electrode, the electrolyte layer, and the negative electrode are arranged in this order by a known method. It may be manufactured by producing the laminated body.
  • Example 1> (Preparation of solid electrolyte material)
  • These flours were ground and mixed in a mortar. The obtained mixed powder was milled at 500 rpm for 12 hours using a planetary ball mill. In this way, the powder of the solid electrolyte material according to Example 1 was obtained.
  • the solid electrolyte material according to Example 1 had a composition represented by Li 2.5 Zr 0.5 Al 0.5 F 6.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of the pressure forming die 300 used to evaluate the ionic conductivity of the solid electrolyte material.
  • the pressure forming die 300 included a punch upper part 301, a frame type 302, and a punch lower part 303.
  • the frame 302 was made of insulating polycarbonate.
  • the upper punch 301 and the lower punch 303 were made of electron-conducting stainless steel.
  • the ionic conductivity of the solid electrolyte material according to Example 1 was evaluated by the following method.
  • the powder of the solid electrolyte material according to Example 1 was filled inside the pressure molding die 300 in a dry atmosphere having a dew point of ⁇ 30 ° C. or lower. Inside the pressure forming die 300, a pressure of 400 MPa was applied to the solid electrolyte material according to Example 1 using the punch upper part 301 and the punch lower part 303.
  • the upper punch 301 and the lower punch 303 were connected to a potentiostat (Princeton Applied Research, VersaSTAT4) equipped with a frequency response analyzer.
  • the upper part 301 of the punch was connected to the working electrode and the terminal for measuring the potential.
  • the lower punch 303 was connected to the counter electrode and the reference electrode.
  • the impedance of the solid electrolyte material was measured at room temperature by an electrochemical impedance measurement method.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing a Core-Cole plot obtained by measuring the impedance of the solid electrolyte material according to Example 1.
  • the real value of the impedance at the measurement point where the absolute value of the phase of the complex impedance is the smallest was regarded as the resistance value of the solid electrolyte material to ionic conduction. See the arrow R SE shown in FIG. 4 for the real value.
  • the ionic conductivity was calculated based on the following mathematical formula (2).
  • ⁇ (R SE ⁇ S / t) -1 ...
  • ⁇ represents ionic conductivity.
  • S represents the contact area of the solid electrolyte material with the punch upper portion 301 (in FIG. 3, it is equal to the cross-sectional area of the hollow portion of the frame mold 302).
  • R SE represents the resistance value of the solid electrolyte material in impedance measurement.
  • t represents the thickness of the solid electrolyte material (that is, the thickness of the layer formed from the powder 101 of the solid electrolyte material in FIG. 3).
  • the ionic conductivity of the solid electrolyte material according to Example 1 measured at 25 ° C. was 1.30 ⁇ 10 -6 S / cm.
  • LYC halide solid electrolyte
  • LYC 70 mg
  • the solid electrolyte material according to Example 1 33 mg
  • the above-mentioned positive electrode mixture 9.1 mg
  • a pressure of 300 MPa was applied to the obtained laminate to form a second electrolyte layer formed from LYC, a first electrolyte layer formed from the solid electrolyte material according to Example 1, and a positive electrode. That is, the first electrolyte layer formed from the solid electrolyte material according to Example 1 was sandwiched between the second electrolyte layer and the positive electrode.
  • the thicknesses of the second electrolyte layer and the first electrolyte layer were 450 ⁇ m and 150 ⁇ m, respectively.
  • the metal In (thickness: 200 ⁇ m) was laminated on the second electrolyte layer.
  • a current collector made of stainless steel was attached to the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a current collector lead was attached to the current collector.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph showing the initial discharge characteristics of the battery according to the first embodiment. The initial charge / discharge characteristics were measured by the following method.
  • the battery according to Example 1 was placed in a constant temperature bath at 85 ° C.
  • the battery according to Example 1 was charged until a voltage of 3.6 V was reached at a current density of 27 ⁇ A / cm 2.
  • the current density corresponds to a 0.02 C rate.
  • Example 2 the battery according to Example 1 was discharged until a voltage of 1.9 V was reached at a current density of 27 ⁇ A / cm 2.
  • the battery according to Example 1 had an initial discharge capacity of 608 ⁇ Ah.
  • a charge / discharge test was performed on the batteries according to Examples 2 to 18 in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • the batteries according to Examples 2 to 18 were satisfactorily charged and discharged, as were the batteries according to Example 1.
  • LiBF 4 was used instead of Li 2.64 Zr 0.48 Al 0.48 F 6.
  • the ionic conductivity of LiBF 4 was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • the ionic conductivity measured at 25 ° C. was 6.67 ⁇ 10 -9 S / cm.
  • a charge / discharge test was performed on the battery according to Comparative Example 1 in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • the battery according to Comparative Example 1 had an initial discharge capacity of 0.01 ⁇ Ah or less. That is, the battery according to Comparative Example 1 was neither charged nor discharged.
  • Table 1 shows the solid electrolyte materials and the evaluation results in Examples 1 to 18 and Comparative Example 1.
  • the solid electrolyte material according to Examples 1 to 18 has a high ionic conductivity of 8 ⁇ 10 -9 S / cm or more at room temperature.
  • the batteries according to Examples 1 to 18 were all charged and discharged at 85 ° C. On the other hand, the battery according to Comparative Example 1 was neither charged nor discharged.
  • the solid electrolyte material according to the present disclosure is suitable for providing a battery having high lithium ion conductivity and being able to be charged and discharged well.
  • the solid electrolyte material of the present disclosure is used, for example, in an all-solid-state lithium-ion secondary battery.

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WO2024125851A1 (en) 2022-12-13 2024-06-20 Umicore Metal-substituted lithium-rich halide-based solid electrolyte

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