WO2021147644A1 - 一种形成矿用局部无尘空间的装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种形成矿用局部无尘空间的装置及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021147644A1
WO2021147644A1 PCT/CN2020/142102 CN2020142102W WO2021147644A1 WO 2021147644 A1 WO2021147644 A1 WO 2021147644A1 CN 2020142102 W CN2020142102 W CN 2020142102W WO 2021147644 A1 WO2021147644 A1 WO 2021147644A1
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Prior art keywords
air
dust
curtain
wind
free space
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PCT/CN2020/142102
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李小川
陈明军
赵新丽
蒋叶锋
张明瑞
贾继风
李佳伟
曹艺
朱多磊
李致昊
刘品味
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中国矿业大学
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Priority to AU2020424264A priority Critical patent/AU2020424264A1/en
Publication of WO2021147644A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021147644A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F5/00—Means or methods for preventing, binding, depositing, or removing dust; Preventing explosions or fires
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
    • E21F1/04—Air ducts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F9/00—Use of air currents for screening, e.g. air curtains

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of air dust isolation for the prevention and control of occupational diseases in mines, and a device and method for forming a local dust-free space for mines.
  • the reason why the phenomenon of coal mine pneumoconiosis is so severe is due to the following five difficulties in coal mine dust management: (1) The dust concentration is high, which can be as high as 3000mg/m 3 , (2) The small particle size dust has a large proportion and the particle size is less than 2.5 ⁇ m. It can reach 50%, (3) the dust moving speed is fast, it is difficult to collect dust, the moving speed can reach 5m/s, (4) the dust source point diverges, and the dust is everywhere, (5) the downhole space is narrow and the equipment layout is limited .
  • the existing coal mine dust control methods mainly include mask dust isolation, spray dust suppression, foam dust suppression, ventilation and dust removal, and dust removal by dust collectors.
  • Mask dust is the last barrier for personal protection and has a high dust isolation effect, but there are many problems such as small dust holding capacity, high breathing resistance, and affecting staff communication.
  • Spray dust suppression and foam dust suppression belong to open dust removal. Due to the high dust migration rate, the dust collection efficiency is limited. Extraction ventilation and dust exhaust can effectively control dust within a limited range, but it is not suitable for gas mines.
  • Dust collector combines ventilation and dust collector, which is currently the main dust control technology used in coal mines.
  • the core technology of dust removal by dust collectors includes dust control systems and dust collectors.
  • the dust removal efficiency of existing dust collectors can reach more than 99%, but the dust control effect is low, which is a bottleneck technology that restricts the efficient operation of coal mine dust removal systems.
  • Ventilation is the most important way to exhaust and control dust in the tunneling face. It can control the diffusion and flow of dust to a large extent after generation. Combined with the dust removal system, it can achieve a better air purification effect.
  • ventilation and dust removal cannot avoid the complete collection of dust-laden air in a shorter formation and send it to the dust collector to purify it, which causes the driver and command personnel of the tunneling face to be in an atmosphere of dust-laden airflow. , Threatening the health of workers in this area.
  • Existing ventilation and dust control methods mainly include press-in ventilation and dust discharge, long-pressure short-exhaust dust control, wall-mounted air duct process dust control, and compressed air separation air dust control methods.
  • the dust concentration at the air duct of the press-in ventilation and dust exhaust frame, the driver of the roadheader and the rear of the roadheader are all more than 300mg/m 3 ;
  • the dust concentration at the driver of the roadheader and behind the roadheader in the long-pressure short-extraction dust control method Both are more than 100mg/m 3 ;
  • the wall-attached air duct process dust control can better control the diffusion of the dust from the tunneling to the roadway, and reduce the dust concentration behind the tunneling machine to 32mg/m 3 , but the dust concentration at the driver of the tunneling machine is higher than 100mg/m 3 , the dust pollution is serious;
  • the pressure air distribution and air control dust is to divide the air flow from the wall air duct.
  • the methods of protecting these two stations are also methods such as single-air curtain dust isolation, but they only consider the control of dust from the forward flow direction, and the influence in other non-intervention directions is weak, and the complicated existence of both pressurized air and exhaust air The air flow on the tunneling face further weakens the protection of the tunneling machine driver and command post.
  • the present invention makes up for the blind area formed by the existing ventilation exhaust and dust control methods for the dust exhaust and control of the working position of the roadheader driver and operator.
  • the narrow space of the operating station is softly sealed.
  • the fresh air system is used to supply dust-free air in the soft sealed space, and finally a partial dust-free space is formed in the narrow space of the workstation, which effectively isolates the high-concentration dust environment from the operating space of the workstation without affecting the operation and vision of the workers , To prevent dust from causing intrusion to workers.
  • the present invention invents a device and method for forming a local dust-free space for mines.
  • the technical scheme adopted by the present invention is: a device for forming a local dust-free space for mines, the local dust-free space is composed of a plane jet air curtain generating device and a fresh air supply system, and the plane jet air curtain generating device includes an air curtain generator , Air supply pipe and air curtain supply box, the air curtain generator is a tubular structure, one side of which is provided with an air supply groove, and a number of guide blades are evenly distributed in the air supply groove; the air supply groove of the air curtain generator blows out Vertical jet air curtain, the air curtain is slanted at an angle of 15-20° outwards along the line of the air curtain generator, and is enclosed by a plurality of air curtains that are sealed from end to end to form a relatively closed dust-free space; the dust-free space A fresh air supply system is set up above the dust-free space to replenish fresh air from top to bottom.
  • the wind curtain generating device includes at least four wind curtain generators, and each wind curtain generator is installed vertically in a clockwise direction.
  • the wind curtain that meets the oncoming wind is the first wind curtain, and the direction of the wind curtain is along the Rotate in the same direction to form a closed polygonal space.
  • the first air curtain of the air curtain generator is facing the supply air flow.
  • the first wind curtain of the wind curtain generator forms angles of 45°, 15°, and 20° with the oncoming wind flow.
  • the wind curtain generating device includes at least four wind curtain generators, and each wind curtain generator is installed vertically, and the wind curtains that welcome the oncoming wind are the first wind curtain and the second wind curtain. , There is a certain angle between the second wind curtain, leading the wind to both sides, and the third wind curtain, the fourth wind curtain to the Nth wind curtain respectively take the first wind curtain and the second wind curtain, and finally surround it. Enclosed, dust-free space.
  • the air curtain supply box is connected to the top of the air curtain generator through an air supply pipe.
  • the fresh air supply system includes a fresh air supply box and a short-range air distribution pipe assembly. One side of the fresh air supply box is provided with an air inlet pipe. The bottom surface of the fresh air supply box is uniformly distributed with short-range air distribution pipe assemblies of equal length.
  • the air inlet end of the fresh air supply box is connected Air filter; the air curtain supply box is installed on the top of the fresh air supply box, and the air curtain generator is arranged below the fresh air supply box.
  • the upper end of the air curtain generator is open, the lower end is closed, and the open end is connected to the air supply pipe;
  • the height of the air curtain generator is 1200-1800mm, and the internal diameter of the cross section is set to be 110-140mm according to the height of the air curtain generator;
  • the air supply trough Length ⁇ Height ⁇ Width is (1050mm-1650mm) ⁇ 35mm ⁇ 10mm;
  • the guide vanes are evenly distributed along the length of the air supply groove, the distance between the guide vanes is 30-40mm, and the guide vanes are bent into an arc shape, and the guide vanes are close to
  • the angle between the tangent at the bottom of the air supply slot and the axis of the air curtain generator is 45°, and the angle between the tangent on the side of the guide vane near the bottom of the air supply slot and the axis of the air curtain generator is 45°.
  • the air flow velocity at any position in the air supply box of the air curtain is not higher than 1/2 of the air flow velocity in the air supply main pipe of the air curtain generator.
  • the fan sends air to the wind curtain supply box, and the wind curtain supply box distributes air evenly to each wind curtain generator.
  • the size of the wind curtain supply box can be flexibly designed according to the equipment layout space.
  • the air filter selects a commercial anti-static air filter, which is designed according to conventional ventilation, and the filter flow rate is selected according to the fresh air supply air volume. It is installed at the front end of the fresh air supply box to provide clean air for the fresh air supply box.
  • the fresh air supply box covers the top of the dust-free space, and a short-distance air distribution pipe assembly is installed at the bottom to provide airflow for the short-distance air distribution pipe.
  • the short-distance air distribution pipe has a diameter of 20mm and protrudes 10mm outwards.
  • the arrangement density of the fresh air supply box is 200-230 pieces/m 2 , and the air velocity of the short-distance air distribution pipe is set to 4.2-8.4m/s.
  • On the top of the dust-free space of the fresh air supply box an air inlet is set, and the short-distance air duct is the fresh air outlet.
  • the design principle of the total volume of the fresh air supply box is that the minimum internal airflow velocity is not more than 4m/s to ensure that the entire short-distance air distribution pipe can evenly supply air.
  • the short-distance air distribution pipe assembly is a round tube, and the air is fed vertically from top to bottom, which can realize that the fresh air can be evenly distributed across the entire section of the dust-free space after entering the dust-free space for a very short distance, ensuring full coverage of the fresh air from top to bottom , Is the key link to realize the dust-free space.
  • the air curtain generator is supplied by the air curtain supply box, and the plane jet air curtain is blown out in a certain direction at an angle of 15-20° along the line of the air curtain generator.
  • the connection forms a relatively closed space, which isolates the dust-laden airflow from the roadway to the driver of the roadheader.
  • Fresh air is evenly fed into the local dust-free space from the short-distance air distribution pipe assembly to supplement fresh air in the local dust-free space.
  • the jet velocity of the air curtain is 11.8-16.5m/s, and the air velocity of the short-distance air distribution duct is 4.2-8.4m/s.
  • the local dust-free space can effectively control the invasion of dust-laden airflow from the working face to the space.
  • the dust-free area is partially dust-free.
  • the air dust content in the space is not higher than 2mg/m 3 . It achieves the effect of not affecting the vision of the operator, but also effectively isolating the space where the operator is located.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are: during the driving process of mines, tunnels, etc., a dust-free tiny clean space is created for the roadheader driver and command post, which effectively solves the problem of pneumoconiosis caused by exposure of the driver and command post on the driving face to high-concentration dust The worldwide problem of disease. It is also suitable for other non-point sources, such as dust, abnormal gas and other environments for the occupational protection of workers and the prevention of occupational diseases such as pneumoconiosis.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 2.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 2.
  • Embodiment 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 3.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the wind curtain generator.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the wind screen supply box.
  • Fig. 7 is a side view of the air supply box of the air curtain.
  • Figure 8 is a state diagram of the present invention when it is used in a mine.
  • the local dust-free space is composed of a plane jet air curtain generator 1 and a fresh air supply system 2.
  • the plane jet air curtain generator 1 includes an air curtain generator. 1-1, air supply pipe 1-2 and air curtain supply box 1-3, the air curtain generator 1-1 has a tubular structure, one side of which is provided with an air supply trough 1-11, and the air supply trough 1-11 A number of guide vanes 1-12 are evenly distributed; a vertical wind curtain is blown from the air supply groove 1-11 of the wind curtain generator 1-1, and the wind curtain is skewed outward 11 along the line of the wind curtain generator 1-1 At an angle of -20°, a relatively closed dust-free space is enclosed by a plurality of air curtains that are hermetically connected from the end to the end.
  • the air curtain guides the supply air flow to form an annular air flow that flows in a specific direction along the outside of the dust-free space;
  • a fresh air supply system 2 is arranged above the space,
  • the air curtain supply box 1-3 is connected to the top of the air curtain generator 1-1 through the air supply pipe 1-2.
  • the fresh air supply system 2 includes a fresh air supply box 2-1 and a short-distance air distribution pipe assembly 2-2.
  • One side of the fresh air supply box 2-1 is provided with an air inlet pipe 2-3, and the bottom surface of the fresh air supply box 2-1 is evenly distributed with short distances of equal length.
  • the air distribution pipe assembly 2-2, the air inlet end of the fresh air supply box 2-1 is connected with an air filter; the air curtain supply box 1-3 is installed on the top of the fresh air supply box 2-1, and the air curtain generator 1-1 Set under the fresh air supply box 2-1.
  • the upper end of the air curtain generator 1-1 is open, the lower end is closed, and the open end is connected to the air supply pipe 1-2;
  • the height of the air curtain generator 1-1 is 1200-1800mm, and the inner diameter of the cross section is according to The height of the air curtain generator 1-1 is different in the setting range of 110-140mm;
  • the air supply slot 1-11 is long ⁇ high ⁇ wide (1050mm-1650mm) ⁇ 35mm ⁇ 10mm;
  • the guide vane 1-12 is sent along the The length of the air grooves 1-11 is evenly distributed, and the distance between the guide vanes 1-12 is 30-40mm, and they are bent into an arc shape.
  • the axial included angle of curtain generator 1-1 is 45°
  • the tangent of the guide vane 1-12 close to the bottom of the air supply trough 1-11 and the axial included angle of air curtain generator 1-1 are 45°
  • the angle between the tangent line of the side of the flow blade 1-12 close to the slot of the air supply groove 1-11 and the horizontal direction is 20°-25°.
  • the airflow velocity at any position in the air curtain supply box 2-1 is not higher than 1/2 of the airflow velocity in the air supply main pipe of the air curtain generator 1-1.
  • the ventilator sends air to the air curtain supply box 2-1, the air curtain supply box 2-1 distributes the air evenly to each air curtain generator 1-1, and the air curtain supply box 2-
  • the size of 1 can be flexibly designed according to the equipment layout space.
  • the air filter selects a commercial anti-static air filter, which is designed according to conventional ventilation, and the filter flow rate is selected according to the fresh air supply air volume. It is installed at the front end of the fresh air supply box 2-1 to provide clean air for the fresh air supply box 2-1.
  • the fresh air supply box 2-1 covers the top of the dust-free space, and the short-distance air distribution duct assembly 2-2 is installed at the bottom to provide airflow for the short-distance air distribution duct 2-2.
  • the short-range air distribution duct 2-2 has a diameter of 20mm and protrudes 10mm outwards.
  • the arrangement density of the fresh air supply air box 2-1 is 200-230 pcs/m 2 , and the airflow velocity of the short-range air distribution duct 2-2 is set to 4.2-8.4 m/s.
  • an air inlet pipe 2-3 is set, and the short-distance air distribution pipe 2-2 is the fresh air outlet.
  • the design principle of the total volume of the fresh air supply box 2-1 is that the minimum internal air velocity is not greater than 4m/s to ensure that the entire short-distance air distribution duct 2-2 can supply air evenly.
  • the short-distance air distribution duct 2-2 is a circular tubular component, and the air is fed vertically from top to bottom, which can realize that the fresh air can be evenly distributed across the entire section of the dust-free space after entering the dust-free space for a very short distance, ensuring that the fresh air is from top to bottom
  • the full coverage is the key link to realize a dust-free space.
  • the wind curtain generator 1-1 is supplied with air from the wind curtain supply box 2-1, and the plane jet wind curtain is blown out in a certain direction at an angle of 15-20° deviated outward along the line of the wind curtain generator 1-1.
  • the curtain is connected from the beginning to the end to form a relatively closed space, which isolates the dust-laden airflow from the roadway to the driver of the roadheader.
  • Fresh air is evenly fed into the local dust-free space by the short-distance air distribution pipe assembly 2-2 to supplement fresh air in the local dust-free space.
  • the jet velocity of the air curtain is 11.8-16.5m/s, and the air velocity of the short-distance air distribution duct 2-2 is 4.2-8.4m/s.
  • the local dust-free space can effectively control the invasion of dust-laden airflow from the working face to the space.
  • the air-face velocity is not greater than 2m/s and the dust concentration does not exceed 500mg/m 3
  • the dust-free area is partially dust-free.
  • the air dust content in the space is not higher than 2mg/m 3 . It achieves the effect of not affecting the vision of the operator, but also effectively isolating the space where the operator is located.
  • the local dust-free space will work in the horizontal ambient air current, and the air current generated by the air curtain will be blown by the ambient air current and inconsistent with the original flow direction.
  • the layout of the plane jet air curtain in the local space is different, as shown in Figure 2-4.
  • the air supply of the four air curtain generators 1-1 The method can be arranged end to end in a clockwise rotation direction to form a square space.
  • the wind curtain generated by the first wind curtain generator A is blocking the oncoming wind flow, and the air supply trough of the first wind curtain generator A is relative to the first wind curtain generator A.
  • the connecting line between the wind curtain generator A and the second wind curtain generator B rotates 15-20 degrees outwards, while blocking the oncoming wind, directs the wind flow to one side.
  • the air supply of the first wind curtain generator A and the fourth wind curtain generator D can be increased by 20% compared with the second wind curtain generator B and the third wind curtain generator C to reduce the impact of the front wind on the wind curtain. as shown in picture 2.
  • the air curtain generator 1-1 determines the layout of the air curtain generator 1-1.
  • the four wind curtain generators 1-1 are arranged in a square, so that the generated wind curtains are connected end to end, and the first wind curtain generator A is directly facing each other.
  • the wind flow makes the air supply trough 1-11 and the front wind flow at a certain angle, for example, the direction of the front wind flow is arranged at 45°-15-20° clockwise to guide the wind flow to one side.
  • the third wind curtain generator C, The air supply of the fourth air curtain generator D can be 20% larger than the air supply of the first air curtain generator A and the second air curtain generator B, so as to improve the counter-wind flow against the interference of the oncoming wind flow, as shown in Figure 3. Shown.
  • the four wind curtain generators 1-1 are also taken as an example.
  • the first curtain generator A is set directly opposite to the oncoming wind flow, and the air supply trough 1-11 is arranged at 45°-15 ⁇ 20° clockwise relative to the direction of the oncoming wind flow.
  • the third wind curtain generator C and the fourth wind curtain generator are arranged clockwise.
  • D and the first wind curtain generator A form an isosceles triangle arrangement, the first wind curtain generator A is provided with a second wind curtain generator B on one side, and the second wind curtain generator 2 is located between the first wind curtain generator A and the first wind curtain generator A.
  • connection line of the third wind curtain generator C, and its air supply trough 1-1 and the air supply trough of the first wind curtain generator A are set at 90 degrees to guide the oncoming wind to both sides, and the third wind curtain occurs
  • the air supply grooves 1-11 of the fourth wind curtain generator C and the fourth wind curtain generator D are symmetrically arranged, pointing to the extension line of the center line of the isosceles triangle, and opposite to the direction of the first wind curtain generator A.
  • the air supply of the third air curtain generator C and the fourth air curtain generator D can be 20% larger than the air supply of A and B to improve the counter-wind flow against the interference of the oncoming wind flow, as shown in Figure 4.
  • the combination of the plane jet air curtain in the dust-free space can be selected according to the above three conditions.

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Abstract

一种形成矿用局部无尘空间的装置及方法被公开。局部无尘空间由平面射流风幕发生装置（1）和新风供给系统（2）构成。该平面射流风幕发生装置（1）包括风幕发生器（1-1）、送风管（1-2）和风幕供风箱（1-3），风幕发生器（1-1）为管状结构，其一侧开设送风槽（1-11），送风槽（1-11）内均布若干导流叶片（1-12）；风幕发生器（1-1）的送风槽（1-11）内吹出竖向射流风幕，风幕沿风幕发生器（1-1）连线向外偏斜15‑20°的角度，以多个首尾密封连接的风幕围合成一个相对封闭的无尘空间；无尘空间的上方设置新风供给系统（2），由上至下向无尘空间内补充新鲜空气。该装置和方法可在矿井、隧道等掘进过程中，给掘进机司机和指挥岗位创造一个无尘的微小洁净空间。

Description

一种形成矿用局部无尘空间的装置及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及矿井职业病防治的空气隔尘领域，一种形成矿用局部无尘空间的装置及方法。
背景技术
尘肺病已成为制约我国煤矿绿色可持续发展的重要因素。据统计，2017年我国尘肺病新发病例22701例，较2009年翻番；截至2018年底，我国职业性尘肺病报告人数超过87.3万例，其中62.52％都集中在矿山作业行业。近些年，随着煤矿机械化程度的不断提高以及岩石巷道数量的增多，这一比例还在不断上升。煤矿尘肺病现象之所以如此严峻，是因为煤矿粉尘治理存在以下五大难点：(1)粉尘浓度高，可高达3000mg/m 3，(2)小粒径粉尘比重大，粒径小于2.5μm的粉尘可达50％，(3)粉尘运移速度快，集尘难，运移速度可到5m/s,(4)尘源点发散，处处产尘，(5)井下空间狭小，设备布置受限。
现有煤矿粉尘治理方式主要有口罩隔尘、喷雾降尘、泡沫抑尘、通风排尘以及除尘器除尘。口罩隔尘是个体防护的最后屏障，具有较高的隔尘效果，但是存在容尘量小、呼吸阻力大及影响工作人员交流等诸多问题。喷雾降尘和泡沫抑尘属于开放式除尘，由于较高的粉尘运移速率，对粉尘的捕集效率有限。抽出式通风排尘能够有效的将粉尘控制在有限范围内，但是不适用于瓦斯矿井。除尘器除尘结合了通风和除尘器，是目前煤矿主要采用的粉尘治理技术。除尘器除尘核心技术包括控尘系统和除尘器，现有除尘器的除尘效率可达99％以上，但是控尘效果较低，是制约煤矿井下除尘系统高效运行的瓶颈技术。
通风是掘进工作面最重要的排、控尘方式，可很大程度的控制粉尘产生后的扩散和流动，结合除尘系统，可达到较好的空气净化效果。但在掘进工作面的小空间内，通风排尘无法避免在较短形成内实现含尘空气的完全捕收并送入除尘器净化，导致掘进工作面司机和指挥人员处于含尘气流的侵袭氛围，威胁该区域作业人员健康。
现有通风排控尘方法主要有压入式通风排尘、长压短抽控尘、附壁风筒工艺控尘和压风分风控尘等方式。其中压入式通风排尘骨架风筒处、掘进机司机处和掘进机机尾后的粉尘浓度均超过300mg/m 3；长压短抽控尘方式掘进机司机处和掘进机后方的粉尘浓度均超过100mg/m 3；附壁风筒工艺控尘能较好的控制掘进面粉尘向巷道扩散，使掘进机后方的粉尘浓度降至32mg/m 3，但掘进机司机处的粉尘浓度高于100mg/m 3，粉尘污染严重；压风分风控尘是将附壁风筒的压出风流进行分风，当分风量为40％的时候，掘进机司机处的粉尘浓度能达到较低的22mg/m 3，但指挥岗位处空气中粉尘浓度仍然没有得到改善。可以看出，这四种方式能有效将粉尘控制在掘进机前方附近位置，在向巷道进一步扩散过程中被除尘系统净化。但是，由于通风排、控过程需要必要的流动空间才能将粉尘产生后携带进入吸尘口(或除尘器入口)，这一必要的行程范围就是掘进面与掘进机尾部之间的这一有限空间，在这一空间内的活动人员就是掘进机司机和指挥岗位，他们几乎完全暴露在粉尘产生后被气流携带的整个行程中，这一问题成为这两个工作岗位职业病防治的重点和难点，也是整个掘进施工全链条(全覆盖)防尘工作中的最后一个待突破难题。
此外，附壁风筒使用后，巷道局部通风方式发生改变，对高瓦斯突出矿井会产生潜在的瓦斯聚集风险，危及煤矿生产安全。对于附壁风筒技术还存在风筒随着掘进推进重复拆卸和安装、操作工人劳动强度大、装卸耗时长的操作管理问题。
当前，我国煤矿的全岩、大断面巷道逐年增多，掘进过程的粉尘浓度剧增，所产生的呼吸性粉尘游离二氧化硅成分增高，对作业人员的致病性损伤几率成倍上升。由于断面增大，使用通风排、控尘所需风量提升，风流在掘进面空间内的行程和流动空间变大，现有的通风排、控尘效果进一步降低，掘进机司机和指挥岗位暴露危险更大。
目前防护这两个工位的方法也有如单风幕隔尘等方法，但均只从迎流方向考虑粉尘的控制，在其它非干预方向影响微弱，在有压风和排风同时存在的复杂气流流动掘进面，对掘进机司机和指挥岗位的保护进一步削弱。
本发明弥补了现有通风排、控尘方法对掘进机司机和操作员工作位置粉尘排、控形成的盲区，通过在工位周围设置连续的空气幕墙，将操作工位狭小空间进行软密封，通过新风系统供给软密封空间无尘空气，最终在工位的狭小空间范围内形成一个局部无尘空间，在不影响工人操作和视野的前提下，将高浓度粉尘环境与工位操作空间有效隔离，防止粉尘对工人形成侵扰。
发明内容
本发明针对掘进机司机和指挥岗位所处位置粉尘浓度高的的难题，发明了一种形成矿用局部无尘空间的装置及方法。
本发明采用的技术方案是：一种形成矿用局部无尘空间的装置，局部无尘空间由平面射流风幕发生装置和新风供给系统构成，所述平面射流风幕发生装置包括风幕发生器、送风管和风幕供风箱，所述风幕发生器为管状结构，其一侧开设送风槽，送风槽内均布若干导流叶片；所述风幕发生器的送风槽内吹出竖向射流风幕，风幕沿风幕发生器连线向外偏斜15-20°的角度，以多个首尾密封连接的风幕围合成一个相对封闭的无尘空间；所述无尘空间的上方设置新风供给系统，由上至下向无尘空间内补充新鲜空气。
进一步，所述的风幕发生装置包括至少四根风幕发生器，每个风幕发生器竖直安装，沿顺时针方向，迎接迎面风流的风幕为第一风幕，风幕的方向沿同一方向旋转布置，形成封闭多边形空间。
更进一步的，所述风幕发生器的第一风幕正对送风风流。
更进一步的，所述风幕发生器的第一风幕与迎面风流形成45°、15°、20°的角度。
进一步的，所述的风幕发生装置包括至少四根风幕发生器，每个风幕发生器竖直安装，迎接迎面风流的风幕为第一风幕、第二风幕，第一风幕、第二风幕之间存在一定夹角，将风流引向两侧，另有第三风幕、第四风幕至第N风幕分别承接第一风幕、第二风幕，最后围合成封闭的无尘空间。
所述风幕供风箱通过送风管连接于风幕发生器的顶部。所述新风供给系统包括新风供风箱和短程分风管组件，所述新风供风箱的一侧设置进风管，其底面均布长度相等的短程分风管组件，新风供风箱的进风端连接空气过滤器；所述风幕供风箱安装于新风供风箱的顶部，风幕发生器设置于新风供风箱的下方。
所述风幕发生器上端开口，下端封闭，开口端连接送风管；风幕发生器高1200- 1800mm，横截面内径根据风幕发生器高度不同设置范围为110-140mm；所述送风槽长×高×宽为(1050mm-1650mm)×35mm×10mm；所述导流叶片沿送风槽的长度均布，导流叶片间距为30-40mm，折弯成圆弧形状，导流叶片靠近送风槽槽底一侧的切线与风幕发生器轴向夹角为45°，导流叶片靠近送风槽槽底一侧的切线与风幕发生器轴向夹角为45°，导流叶片靠近送风槽槽口一侧的切线与水平方向夹角为20°-25°。
所述风幕供风箱内任何位置气流流动的速度不高于风幕发生器送风主管内气流速度的1/2。为风幕发生器提供风流，通风机向风幕供风箱送风，风幕供风箱向各风幕发生器均匀分风，风幕供风箱的尺寸可根据设备布置空间灵活设计。
所述空气过滤器选择商用防静电空气过滤器，按照常规通风设计，过滤器流量按照新风供风风量选择。其安装于新风供风箱前端，为新风供风箱提供清洁空气。
所述新风供风箱覆盖在无尘空间的顶部，其底部安装短程分风管组件，为短程分风管提供气流。短程分风管直径为20mm，向外突出10mm，在新风供风箱的布置密度为200-230个/m 2，短程分风管的气流速度设置为4.2-8.4m/s。新风供风箱无尘空间顶部，设置一个进风口，短程分风管为新风出风口。新风供风箱的总体积设计原则为内部最小气流速度不大于4m/s，以保证整个短程分风管都能均匀送风。
所述短程分风管组件为圆管状，从上往下垂直送气，能够实现新风进入无尘空间极短距离后就能均匀分布在无尘空间的整个断面，保证新风从上到下的全覆盖，是实现无尘空间的关键环节。
局部无尘空间工作方法：风幕发生器由风幕供风箱供风，以沿风幕发生器连线向外偏斜15-20°的角度，按一定方向吹出平面射流风幕，风幕首尾衔接，形成相对封闭的空间，对掘进巷道流向掘进机司机的含尘气流形成隔离。局部无尘空间上方由短程分风管组件均匀送入新风，为局部无尘空间内补充新鲜空气。风幕射流速度为11.8-16.5m/s，短程分风管的气流速度为4.2-8.4m/s。局部无尘空间能有效控制工作面含尘迎流对该空间的侵袭，在工作面迎流速度不大于2m/s的情况下，含尘浓度不超过500mg/m 3的情况下，局部无尘空间内空气粉尘含量不高于2mg/m 3。达到了既不影响操作人员视野，又能有效将操作人员所处空间有效隔离的效果。
本发明的有益效果是：在矿井、隧道等掘进过程中，给掘进机司机和指挥岗位创造一个无尘的微小洁净空间，有效解决掘进工作面司机和指挥岗位暴露在高浓度粉尘中而患尘肺病的世界性难题。也适用于其他面源，如粉尘、异常气体等环境中对作业人员的职业防护和尘肺等职业病的防治。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
图2为实施例1结构示意图。
图3为实施例2结构示意图。
图4为实施例3结构示意图。
图5为风幕发生器的结构示意图。
图6为风幕供风箱的结构示意图。
图7为风幕供风箱的侧视图。
图8为本发明在矿井下使用时的状态图。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，一种形成矿用局部无尘空间的装置，局部无尘空间由平面射流风幕发生装置1和新风供给系统2构成，所述平面射流风幕发生装置1包括风幕发生器1-1、送风管1-2和风幕供风箱1-3，所述风幕发生器1-1为管状结构，其一侧开设送风槽1-11，送风槽1-11内均布若干导流叶片1-12；所述风幕发生器1-1的送风槽1-11内吹出竖向风幕，风幕沿风幕发生器1-1连线向外偏斜11-20°的角度，以多个首尾密封连接的风幕围合成一个相对封闭的无尘空间，风幕引导送风风流形成环形气流，沿无尘空间外部流向某一特定方向；所述无尘空间的上方设置新风供给系统2，由上至下向无尘空间内补充新鲜空气。
如图1所示，所述风幕供风箱1-3通过送风管1-2连接于风幕发生器1-1的顶部。所述新风供给系统2包括新风供风箱2-1和短程分风管组件2-2，所述新风供风箱2-1的一侧设置进风管2-3，其底面均布长度相等的短程分风管组件2-2，新风供风箱2-1的进风端连接空气过滤器；所述风幕供风箱1-3安装于新风供风箱2-1的顶部，风幕发生器1-1设置于新风供风箱2-1的下方。
如图1和图5所示，所述风幕发生器1-1上端开口，下端封闭，开口端连接送风管1-2；风幕发生器1-1高1200-1800mm，横截面内径根据风幕发生器1-1高度不同设置范围为110-140mm；所述送风槽1-11长×高×宽为(1050mm-1650mm)×35mm×10mm；所述导流叶片1-12沿送风槽1-11的长度均布，导流叶片1-12间距为30-40mm，折弯成圆弧形状，导流叶片1-12靠近送风槽1-11槽底一侧的切线与风幕发生器1-1轴向夹角为45°，导流叶片1-12靠近送风槽槽1-11底一侧的切线与风幕发生器1-1轴向夹角为45°，导流叶片1-12靠近送风槽1-11槽口一侧的切线与水平方向夹角为20°-25°。
如图6和图7所示，所述风幕供风箱2-1内任何位置气流流动的速度不高于风幕发生器1-1送风主管内气流速度的1/2。为风幕发生器1-1提供风流，通风机向风幕供风箱2-1送风，风幕供风箱2-1向各风幕发生器1-1均匀分风，风幕供风箱2-1的尺寸可根据设备布置空间灵活设计。
所述空气过滤器选择商用防静电空气过滤器，按照常规通风设计，过滤器流量按照新风供风风量选择。其安装于新风供风箱2-1前端，为新风供风箱2-1提供清洁空气。
如图6和图7所示，所述新风供风箱2-1覆盖在无尘空间的顶部，其底部安装短程分风管组件2-2，为短程分风管2-2提供气流。短程分风管2-2直径为20mm，向外突出10mm，在新风供风箱2-1的布置密度为200-230个/m 2，短程分风管2-2的气流速度设置为4.2-8.4m/s。新风供风箱2-1无尘空间顶部，设置一个进风管2-3，短程分风管2-2为新风出风口。新风供风箱2-1的总体积设计原则为内部最小气流速度不大于4m/s，以保证整个短程分风管2-2都能均匀送风。
所述短程分风管2-2组件为圆管状，从上往下垂直送气，能够实现新风进入无尘空间极短距离后就能均匀分布在无尘空间的整个断面，保证新风从上到下的全覆盖，是实现无尘空间的关键环节。
局部无尘空间工作方法，如图2所示：
风幕发生器1-1由风幕供风箱2-1供风，以沿风幕发生器1-1连线向外偏斜15-20°的角 度，按一定方向吹出平面射流风幕，风幕首尾衔接，形成相对封闭的空间，对掘进巷道流向掘进机司机的含尘气流形成隔离。局部无尘空间上方由短程分风管组件2-2均匀送入新风，为局部无尘空间内补充新鲜空气。风幕射流速度为11.8-16.5m/s，短程分风管2-2的气流速度为4.2-8.4m/s。局部无尘空间能有效控制工作面含尘迎流对该空间的侵袭，在工作面迎流速度不大于2m/s的情况下，含尘浓度不超过500mg/m 3的情况下，局部无尘空间内空气粉尘含量不高于2mg/m 3。达到了既不影响操作人员视野，又能有效将操作人员所处空间有效隔离的效果。
在现场工作中，局部无尘空间将在横向环境风流中工作，风幕产生的风流将受到环境风流的吹动而与原流动方向不一致。根据环境风流的量级，局部空间的平面射流风幕布置有所不同如图2-4所示。
实施方式1
在环境风流<0.5m/s时，环境风流的吹动对横流风幕的影响较小，以设置四个风幕发生器1-1为例，四个风幕发生器1-1的送风方式可按照首尾相连顺时针旋转方向排布，围合成一个正方形空间，第一风幕发生器A产生的风幕正挡住迎面风流，且第一风幕发生器A的送风槽相对于第一风幕发生器A与第二风幕发生器B之间的连线向外转动15～20度，在挡住迎面风的同时，将风流引向一侧。第一风幕发生器A、第四风幕发生器D的送风量可较第二风幕发生器B、第三风幕发生器C提高20％，以降低迎面风流对风幕的影响，如图2所示。
实施方式2
在环境风流0-1.0m/s时，根据掘进机安装空间的需要情况，确定风幕发生器1-1的布置方式。以设置四个风幕发生器1-1为例，四个风幕发生器1-1排布成一个正方形，使其产生的风幕首尾相接，将第一风幕发生器A正对迎面风流，使其送风槽1-11与迎面风流呈一定角度，如对于迎面风流的方向顺时针45度-15～20度布置，将风流引向一侧，其中第三风幕发生器C、第四风幕发生器D送风柱送风量可较第一风幕发生器A、第二风幕发生器B送风量大20％，以提高逆向风流对抗迎面风流的干扰，如图3所示。
实施方式3
在环境风流1.0～2.0m/s时，环境风流对迎流风幕的影响作用较大，同样以四个风幕发生器1-1为例。第一幕发生器A正对迎面风流设置，其送风槽1-11相对于迎面风流的方向顺时针45度-15～20度布置，第三风幕发生器C与第四风幕发生器D与第一风幕发生器A形成等腰三角形布置，第一风幕发生器A的一侧设置第二风幕发生器B，第二风幕发生器2位于第一风幕发生器A与第三风幕发生器C的连线上，且其送风槽1-1与第一风幕发生器A的送风槽呈90度设置，将迎面风流向两侧引导，第三风幕发生器C与第四风幕发生器D的送风槽1-11的方向对称设置，指向等腰三形的中心线的延长线，与第一风幕发生器A的方向相反。第三风幕发生器C、第四风幕发生器D送风柱送风量可较A、B送风量大20％，以提高逆向风流对抗迎面风流的干扰，如图4所示。
根据矿井气流方向和大小不同，无尘空间平面射流风幕的组合形式可根据上述3种情况进行相应选择。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种形成矿用局部无尘空间的装置，其特征在于，局部无尘空间由平面射流风幕发生装置和新风供给系统构成，所述平面射流风幕发生装置包括风幕发生器、送风管和风幕供风箱，所述风幕发生器为管状结构，其一侧开设送风槽，送风槽内均布若干导流叶片；所述风幕发生器的送风槽内吹出竖向射流风幕，风幕沿风幕发生器连线向外偏斜15-20°的角度，以多个首尾密封连接的风幕围合成一个相对封闭的无尘空间；所述无尘空间的上方设置新风供给系统，由上至下向无尘空间内补充新鲜空气。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种形成矿用局部无尘空间的装置，其特征在于，所述的风幕发生装置包括至少四根风幕发生器，每个风幕发生器竖直安装，沿顺时针方向，迎接迎面风流的风幕为第一风幕，风幕的方向沿同一方向旋转布置，形成封闭多边形空间。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种形成矿用局部无尘空间的装置，其特征在于，所述风幕发生器的第一风幕正对送风风流。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的一种形成矿用局部无尘空间的装置，其特征在于，所述风幕发生器的第一风幕与迎面风流形成45°、15°、20°的角度。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种形成矿用局部无尘空间的装置，其特征在于，所述的风幕发生装置包括至少四根风幕发生器，每个风幕发生器竖直安装，迎接迎面风流的风幕为第一风幕、第二风幕，第一风幕、第二风幕之间存在一定夹角，将风流引向两侧，另有第三风幕、第四风幕至第N风幕分别承接第一风幕、第二风幕，最后围合成封闭的无尘空间。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种形成矿用局部无尘空间的装置，其特征在于，所述风幕供风箱通过送风管连接于风幕发生器的顶部；所述风幕供风箱内任何位置气流流动的速度不高于风幕发生器送风主管内气流速度的1/2。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种形成矿用局部无尘空间的装置，其特征在于，所述风幕发生器上端开口，下端封闭，开口端连接送风管；风幕发生器高1200-1800mm，横截面内径根据风幕发生器高度不同设置范围为110-140mm；所述送风槽长×高×宽为(1050mm-1650mm)×35mm×10mm；所述导流叶片沿送风槽的长度均布，导流叶片间距为30-40mm，折弯成圆弧形状，导流叶片靠近送风槽槽底一侧的切线与风幕发生器轴向夹角为45°，导流叶片靠近送风槽槽底一侧的切线与风幕发生器轴向夹角为45°，导流叶片靠近送风槽槽口一侧的切线与水平方向夹角为20°-25°。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种形成矿用局部无尘空间的装置，其特征在于，所述新风供给系统包括新风供风箱和短程分风管组件，所述新风供风箱的一侧设置进风管，其底面均布长度相等的短程分风管组件，新风供风箱的进风端连接空气过滤器；所述风幕供风箱安装于新风供风箱的顶部，风幕发生器设置于新风供风箱的下方。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种形成矿用局部无尘空间的装置，其特征在于，所述新风供风箱覆盖在无尘空间的顶部，其底部安装短程分风管组件，为短程分风管提供气流；短程分风管直径为20mm，向外突出10mm，在新风供风箱的布置密度为200-230个/m 2，短程分风管的气流速度设置为4.2-8.4m/s；新风供风箱无尘空间顶部，设置一个进风口，短程分风管为新风出风口；新风供风箱的总体积设计原则为内部最小气流速度不大于4m/s，以保证整个短程分风管都能均匀送风。
  10. 利用权利要求1～9任意一项权利要求所述的装置，其特征在于，局部无尘空间工作方法为：风幕发生器由风幕供风箱供风，以沿风幕发生器连线向外偏斜15-20°的角度，按一 定方向吹出平面射流风幕，风幕首尾衔接，形成相对封闭的空间，对掘进巷道流向掘进机司机的含尘气流形成隔离；局部无尘空间上方由短程分风管组件均匀送入新风，为局部无尘空间内补充新鲜空气；风幕射流速度为11.8-16.5m/s，短程分风管的气流速度为4.2-8.4m/s；局部无尘空间能有效控制工作面含尘迎流对该空间的侵袭，在工作面迎流速度不大于2m/s的情况下，含尘浓度不超过500mg/m 3的情况下，局部无尘空间内空气粉尘含量不高于2mg/m 3；达到了既不影响操作人员视野，又能有效将操作人员所处空间有效隔离的效果。
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