WO2021141133A1 - 触媒、触媒の充填方法、および触媒を用いた化合物の製造方法 - Google Patents

触媒、触媒の充填方法、および触媒を用いた化合物の製造方法 Download PDF

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WO2021141133A1
WO2021141133A1 PCT/JP2021/000587 JP2021000587W WO2021141133A1 WO 2021141133 A1 WO2021141133 A1 WO 2021141133A1 JP 2021000587 W JP2021000587 W JP 2021000587W WO 2021141133 A1 WO2021141133 A1 WO 2021141133A1
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catalyst
mass
parts
peak intensity
reaction
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
成喜 奥村
将吾 保田
友洋 小畑
誠一郎 福永
智志 河村
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Nippon Kayaku Co Ltd
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Nippon Kayaku Co Ltd
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Priority to EP21738713.3A priority Critical patent/EP3964288B1/en
Priority to CN202180003590.1A priority patent/CN113905818B/zh
Priority to JP2021521552A priority patent/JP6932292B1/ja
Priority to US17/783,209 priority patent/US20230015502A1/en
Publication of WO2021141133A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021141133A1/ja
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    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/06—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes
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    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
    • B01J23/88—Molybdenum
    • B01J23/887—Molybdenum containing in addition other metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/8876—Arsenic, antimony or bismuth
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    • B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
    • B01J21/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
    • B01J21/04—Alumina
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    • B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
    • B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
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    • B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/19—Catalysts containing parts with different compositions
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    • B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
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    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
    • B01J37/0018—Addition of a binding agent or of material, later completely removed among others as result of heat treatment, leaching or washing,(e.g. forming of pores; protective layer, desintegrating by heat)
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    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
    • B01J37/0027—Powdering
    • B01J37/0045—Drying a slurry, e.g. spray drying
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    • B01J8/0449—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical in two or more cylindrical beds
    • B01J8/0453—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical in two or more cylindrical beds the beds being superimposed one above the other
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    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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    • C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
    • C07C2/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons
    • C07C2/04—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation
    • C07C2/06—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation of alkenes, i.e. acyclic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • C07C2/08—Catalytic processes
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    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
    • C07C45/27—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation
    • C07C45/32—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation with molecular oxygen
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    • C07C45/27—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation
    • C07C45/32—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation with molecular oxygen
    • C07C45/33—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation with molecular oxygen of CHx-moieties
    • C07C45/34—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation with molecular oxygen of CHx-moieties in unsaturated compounds
    • C07C45/35—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation with molecular oxygen of CHx-moieties in unsaturated compounds in propene or isobutene
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    • C07C5/42—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with a hydrogen acceptor
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    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
    • C07C51/16—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation
    • C07C51/21—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation with molecular oxygen
    • C07C51/25—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation with molecular oxygen of unsaturated compounds containing no six-membered aromatic ring
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    • C07C51/16—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation
    • C07C51/21—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation with molecular oxygen
    • C07C51/25—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation with molecular oxygen of unsaturated compounds containing no six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C51/252—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation with molecular oxygen of unsaturated compounds containing no six-membered aromatic ring of propene, butenes, acrolein or methacrolein
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01J2208/06—Details of tube reactors containing solid particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01J2235/00—Indexing scheme associated with group B01J35/00, related to the analysis techniques used to determine the catalysts form or properties
    • B01J2235/15—X-ray diffraction
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    • C07C2523/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • C07C2523/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups C07C2523/02 - C07C2523/36
    • C07C2523/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups C07C2523/02 - C07C2523/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • C07C2523/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
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    • C07C2523/887—Molybdenum containing in addition other metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups C07C2523/02 - C07C2523/36

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for filling a catalyst and a method for producing a compound using a catalyst.
  • the activity of the oxide catalyst does not increase with time in the reaction. Moreover, it is described that unsaturated aldehyde can be produced in a high yield.
  • the catalytic activity affects the reaction bath temperature when producing the target product, and when a catalyst having low activity is used, the reaction bath temperature must be raised in order to maintain the yield of the target product. Then, the catalyst is subjected to thermal stress, the selectivity and the yield are lowered, and the catalyst life may be shortened.
  • Patent Documents 5, 6 and 7 describe that the composition ratio of Bi, which is a catalytically active component, is reduced from the gas inlet side to the outlet side in the axial direction of the reaction tube, and the catalyst used thereby is described.
  • the energy cost is reduced by reducing the reaction bath temperature
  • the economic productivity is improved by increasing the yield of the target product
  • the rate of change of the temperature at the hot spot with respect to the reaction bath temperature is reduced.
  • the accompanying improvement in reaction stability, etc. are described.
  • Patent Document 8 describes that the target product can be obtained in a high yield over a long period of time by filling the catalyst packed in two or more layers so that the parameters related to the pore volume of the catalyst change in each layer.
  • Patent Document 9 describes sublimation of molybdenum contained as a catalytically active ingredient and its sublimation by reducing the composition ratio of Bi and Fe of the catalytically active ingredient as it progresses from the gas inlet side to the outlet side in the reaction tube axial direction.
  • the corresponding unsaturated aldehyde and / or unsaturated carboxylic acid can be produced by partial oxidation reaction of propylene, isobutylene, t-butyl alcohol, etc., and conjugation by oxidation dehydrogenation reaction of butenes.
  • further improvement in yield and catalytic activity are required.
  • the yield of the target product affects the amount of propylene, isobutylene, t-butyl alcohol, butenes and the like required for production, and has a great influence on the production cost.
  • the catalytic activity affects the reaction bath temperature when producing the target product, and when a catalyst having low activity is used, the reaction bath temperature must be raised in order to maintain the yield of the target product. Then, the catalyst is subjected to thermal stress, which causes a decrease in selectivity and yield, which also leads to a decrease in catalyst life.
  • the composition ratio of the catalytically active component Bi increases as it progresses from the gas inlet side to the outlet side in the reaction tube axial direction, and further. It can be said that there was no knowledge about the catalyst physical properties such as XRD for the active component of each catalyst layer in such a filling method.
  • the first aspect of the present invention is a method for producing a corresponding unsaturated aldehyde or unsaturated carboxylic acid using propylene, isobutylene, t-butyl alcohol or the like as a raw material, or a vapor phase for producing 1,3-butadiene from butenes. It is a catalyst used in a catalytic oxidation method and proposes a catalyst having a high catalytic activity and a high yield of a target product. By using the catalyst of the first aspect, it is possible to safely, stably, and inexpensively operate the vapor-phase catalytic oxidation method for a long period of time.
  • the second aspect of the present invention is a method for producing a corresponding unsaturated aldehyde or unsaturated carboxylic acid using propylene, isobutylene, t-butyl alcohol or the like as a raw material, or a vapor phase for producing 1,3-butadiene from butenes. It proposes a catalytic oxidation method, and the manufacturing method of the second aspect enables safe, stable, and low-cost long-term operation of the vapor-phase catalytic oxidation method.
  • the third aspect of the present invention is a method for producing a corresponding unsaturated aldehyde or unsaturated carboxylic acid using propylene, isobutylene, t-butyl alcohol or the like as a raw material, or a vapor phase for producing 1,3-butadiene from butenes. It is a method for filling a catalyst used in a catalytic oxidation method, and proposes a method for filling a catalyst having a high catalytic activity and a high yield of a target product.
  • the present invention has found that the catalyst in which the sum (S) of the peak intensity ratios of ⁇ 0.1 ° and 28.5 ⁇ 0.1 ° is included in a specific range realizes a high yield.
  • a decrease in selectivity over time during a vapor-phase catalytic oxidation reaction may be a problem, and the reason has been unknown.
  • the first aspect of the present invention can be obtained.
  • the present inventors presents a catalyst so that the composition ratio of Bi in the catalytically active component increases as the composition ratio of Bi in the catalytically active component advances from the gas inlet side to the outlet side in the reaction tube axial direction in the method of filling two or more layers of catalysts having different activities.
  • the third aspect of the present invention has been completed by finding that a high yield can be achieved by filling the catalyst layer or filling the catalyst so as to satisfy a certain parameter in the X-ray diffraction pattern of each catalyst layer.
  • the present invention relates to the following 1) to 17).
  • a catalyst containing molybdenum, bismuth, and cobalt as essential components, and the sum of peak intensity ratios (S) expressed by the following formula in an X-ray diffraction pattern obtained using CuK ⁇ rays as an X-ray source is 42 or more and 113 or less. ..
  • Mo, Bi, Ni, Co and Fe represent molybdenum, bismuth, nickel, cobalt and iron, respectively, and X represents tungsten, antimony, tin, zinc, chromium, manganese, magnesium, silica, aluminum, cerium and titanium.
  • At least one element selected from, Y is at least one element selected from sodium, potassium, cesium, rubidium, and tarium, Z belongs to groups 1 to 16 of the periodic table, and Mo, Bi, Ni, It means at least one element selected from elements other than Co, Fe, X, and Y, where a1, b1, c1, d1, e1, f1, g1, h1, and i1 are molybdenum, bismuth, nickel, cobalt, respectively.
  • the composition of the composite metal oxide catalyst contained in one catalyst layer is different from the composition of the composite metal oxide catalyst contained in at least one of the other catalyst layers.
  • the ratio of the amount of bismuth to the amount of molybdenum in the catalyst layer on the most gas inlet side of the tube shaft is smaller than the ratio of the amount of bismuth to the amount of molybdenum in the catalyst layer on the most gas outlet side of the tube shaft.
  • the ratio of the bismuth component to the molybdenum component of the catalyst layer on the gas inlet side of the tube shaft is the bismuth to the molybdenum component of the catalyst layer on the gas outlet side of the tube shaft.
  • the catalyst is filled so as to be equal to or smaller than the ratio of the component amounts of. How to fill the catalyst.
  • S the sum (S) of the peak intensity ratios expressed by the following equations in the X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by using the CuK ⁇ ray of the catalyst contained in one catalyst layer as the X-ray source
  • the catalyst layer on the most gas inlet side of the tube shaft A catalyst filling method in which the catalyst is filled so that the catalyst layer on the gas outlet side of the tube shaft becomes smaller in comparison.
  • S2 expressed by the following formula in the X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by using the CuK ⁇ ray of the catalyst contained in one catalyst layer as an X-ray source is compared with the catalyst layer on the most gas inlet side of the tube shaft.
  • the catalyst to be filled is for vapor phase catalytic oxidation reaction to produce the corresponding unsaturated aldehyde or unsaturated carboxylic acid from propylene, isobutylene or t-butyl alcohol as a raw material, or 1,3-butadiene from butenes.
  • the catalyst of the first aspect of the present invention is very effective in improving the catalytic activity and yield in the gas-phase catalytic oxidation reaction or the vapor-phase catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation reaction, and in particular, propylene, isobutylene, and t-butyl. It is useful when producing corresponding unsaturated aldehydes and unsaturated carboxylic acids using alcohol or the like as a raw material.
  • the production method of the second aspect of the present invention maintains a high selectivity in a vapor phase catalytic oxidation reaction or a vapor phase catalytic oxidation dehydrogenation reaction, and is very effective in improving the yield.
  • the method for filling the catalyst according to the third aspect of the present invention is very effective in improving the catalytic activity and yield in the gas-phase catalytic oxidation reaction or the vapor-phase catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation reaction, and in particular, propylene, isobutylene, and the like.
  • the corresponding unsaturated aldehyde and unsaturated carboxylic acid are produced from t-butyl alcohol or the like as a raw material, it is useful in that the yield of these target products can be improved.
  • vapor-phase catalytic oxidation reaction and vapor-phase catalytic oxidation-dehydrogenation reaction may be collectively referred to as an oxidation reaction.
  • the catalyst was found to exhibit a high yield is essentially .
  • the peak intensity of the crystal phase of ⁇ -CoMoO 4 more specifically, the peak intensity of each crystal plane changes depending on the composition and manufacturing method of the catalyst. Therefore, the sum of the peak intensities of specific crystal planes in ⁇ -CoMoO 4 Is particularly important, and finding a relationship between parameter S and performance is the essence of this first aspect. More specifically, the sum (S) of the peak intensity ratios is expressed by the following equation.
  • the selectivity of the catalytic reaction increases and the activity of the catalytic reaction decreases with respect to the increase of the parameter S of the first aspect. That is, the inventors have found that the yield takes a maximum value with respect to the parameter S of the first aspect, and have filed an application for the first aspect.
  • the range of the parameter S is 42 or more and 113 or less.
  • the upper limit is 110, 105, 100, 95, 90, 85, 80, 75 in the more desirable order, the most desirable is 70, and the lower limit of the parameter S is 44, 46, 48 in the more desirable order. , 50, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 65, most preferably 66. That is, a more preferable range as the sum of the peak intensity ratios (S) is set by the upper and lower limits, for example, 44 or more and 110 or less, and most preferably 66 or more and 70 or less.
  • the X-ray diffraction angle (2 ⁇ ) may be measured under the condition of 10 ° / min, but the present invention is not limited to this as long as the measurement principle is not deviated.
  • the sum (S) of the peak intensity ratios calculated in the first aspect is performed after the X-ray diffraction pattern is subjected to the background and halo pattern removal described in Patent Document 3 before the calculation. To do.
  • each of the above peaks does not have a clear maximum value within the corresponding 2 ⁇ range or does not have a peak shape, or when it is not judged as a clear peak with too much noise, or a peak maximum value.
  • the minimum value is taken in the range of 2 ⁇ for calculating the above, it is assumed that the peak intensity is 0 in the first aspect.
  • the catalyst of the first aspect has an optimum range for the peak intensity ratio S1 expressed by the following formula, and the lower limit thereof is 5, 10, 14, 16, 18, 20 in the desired order, with 21 being the most desirable.
  • the upper limit is 42, 40, 36, 32, 30 in the desired order, most preferably 28. That is, the most preferable range for S1 is 21 or more and 28 or less.
  • the catalyst of the first aspect has an optimum range for the peak intensity ratio S2 expressed by the following formula, and the lower limit thereof is 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 in the desired order, and 15 is the most. Desirably, the upper limit is 20, with 18 being the most desirable. That is, the most preferable range for S2 is 15 or more and 18 or less.
  • the catalyst of the first aspect has an optimum range for the peak intensity ratio S3 expressed by the following formula, and the lower limit thereof is 10, 15, 20, 22, 24, 26 in the desired order, with 27 being the most desirable.
  • the upper limit is 44, 42, 40, 38, 36, 34, 32 in the desired order, most preferably 31. That is, the most preferable range for S3 is 27 or more and 31 or less.
  • the catalytically active component contained in the catalyst of the first aspect preferably has a composition represented by the following formula (I-1). Mo a1 Bi b1 Ni c1 Co d1 Fe e1 X f1 Y g1 Z h1 O i1 ... (I-1) (In the formula, Mo, Bi, Ni, Co and Fe represent molybdenum, bismuth, nickel, cobalt and iron, respectively, and X represents tungsten, antimony, tin, zinc, chromium, manganese, magnesium, silicon, aluminum, cerium and titanium, respectively.
  • At least one element selected from, Y is at least one element selected from sodium, potassium, cesium, rubidium, and tarium
  • Z belongs to groups 1 to 16 of the periodic table, and Mo, Bi, Ni, It means at least one element selected from elements other than Co, Fe, X, and Y, and a1, b1, c1, d1, e1, f1, g1, h1 and i1 are molybdenum, bismuth, nickel, cobalt, and iron, respectively.
  • the preferable ranges of b1 to i1 are as follows.
  • the lower limit of b1 is 0.2, 0.5, 0.7, 0.8 in the desired order, most preferably 0.9, and the upper limit of b1 is 5, 3, 2, 1.6 in the desired order. , 1.4, 1.2, most preferably 1.1. That is, the most preferable range of b1 is 0.9 ⁇ b1 ⁇ 1.1.
  • the lower limit of c1 is 1, 2, 2.5, 2.8, 3.0 in the desired order, the most desirable is 3.1, and the upper limit of c1 is 5, 4, 3.8, 3 in the desired order. It is .6, 3.4, and most preferably 3.2.
  • the most preferable range of c1 is 3.1 ⁇ c1 ⁇ 3.2.
  • the lower limit of d1 is 3, 4, 5, 5.3, 5.5, 5.7 in the desired order, the most desirable is 5.8, and the upper limit of d1 is 8, 7, 6.5 in the desired order. , 6.3, 6.1, most preferably 6.0. That is, the most preferable range of d1 is 5.8 ⁇ d1 ⁇ 6.0.
  • the lower limit of e1 is 0.5, 1, 1.2, 1.4 in the desired order, most preferably 1.5, and the upper limit of e1 is 4, 3, 2.5, 2, 1 in the desired order. It is 0.8, most preferably 1.7.
  • the most preferable range of e1 is 1.5 ⁇ e1 ⁇ 1.7.
  • the upper limit of f1 is 8, 7, 6, and 5 in the desired order. That is, the most preferable range of f1 is 0 ⁇ f1 ⁇ 5.
  • the lower limit of g1 is 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06 in the desired order, most preferably 0.07, and the upper limit of g1 is 1.5, 1, 0.5, 0 in the desired order. It is .2, 0.15, and most preferably 0.10. That is, the most preferable range of g1 is 0.07 ⁇ g1 ⁇ 0.10.
  • the upper limit of h1 is 8, 7, 6, and 5 in the desired order.
  • the most preferable range of h1 is 0 ⁇ h1 ⁇ 5. It is preferable that two or less types of Y are contained, and one type is particularly preferable. Further, it is a particularly preferable embodiment that f1 and h1 are 0.
  • a catalyst in which a pre-baked powder obtained by pre-firing after preparation of the catalytically active component is supported on an inert carrier is particularly effective as a catalyst of the first aspect.
  • the material of the inert carrier known materials such as alumina, silica, titania, zirconia, niobia, silica alumina, silicon carbide, carbides, and mixtures thereof can be used, and further, the particle size, water absorption rate, mechanical strength, and the like.
  • the degree of crystallization and mixing ratio of the crystal phase are not particularly limited, and an appropriate range should be selected in consideration of the final catalyst performance, moldability, production efficiency, and the like.
  • the mixing ratio of the carrier and the pre-baked powder is calculated as the loading ratio from the following formula based on the charged mass of each raw material.
  • Support rate (mass%) (mass of pre-baked powder used for molding) / ⁇ (mass of pre-baked powder used for molding) + (mass of carrier used for molding) ⁇ ⁇ 100
  • the preferable upper limit of the carrying ratio is 80% by mass, and more preferably 60% by mass.
  • the lower limit is preferably 20% by mass, more preferably 30% by mass. That is, the most preferable range as the loading ratio is 30% by mass or more and 60% by mass or less.
  • the inert carrier silica and / or alumina are preferable, and a mixture of silica and alumina is particularly preferable.
  • a binder for supporting.
  • binders that can be used include water, ethanol, methanol, propanol, polyhydric alcohol, polyvinyl alcohol of polymer binder, silica sol aqueous solution of inorganic binder, and the like, but ethanol, methanol, propanol, and polyhydric.
  • Alcohol is preferable, diol such as ethylene glycol and triol such as glycerin are preferable, and an aqueous solution having a concentration of glycerin of 5% by mass or more is preferable.
  • the amount of these binders used is usually 2 to 60 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the pre-baked powder, but is preferably 10 to 30 parts by mass in the case of an aqueous glycerin solution.
  • the binder and the pre-baked powder may be supplied to the molding machine alternately or at the same time.
  • a means for adjusting the value of S it can be controlled by changing each condition in each manufacturing process described later.
  • a method of changing the catalyst composition and (II) a method of changing the firing conditions.
  • (III) A method of changing the temperature lowering condition after firing
  • (IV) A method of controlling the catalyst and its precursor so as not to add mechanical strength in all steps of catalyst production
  • (V) Using a high-purity raw material.
  • the upper limit of e1 / b1 is 1.90, preferably 1.80, and the lower limit of e1 / b1 is 0.10, 0.50, in the desired order. 1.00, 1.40, 1.50, in the order desired as the upper limit of d1 / b1, 9.0, 8.0, 7.0, 6.0, in the order desired as the lower limit of d1 / b1. 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 5.5, 4.0, 3.0, 2.5 in the order desired as the upper limit of c1 / e1, and the lower limit of c1 / e1.
  • the temperature is 200 ° C. or higher and 600 ° C. or lower, preferably 300 ° C. or higher and 550 ° C. or lower, more preferably 460 ° C. or higher and 550 ° C. or lower, and 0. 5 hours or more, preferably 1 hour or more and 40 hours or less, more preferably 2 hours or more and 15 hours or less, most preferably 2 hours or more and 9 hours or less, and the atmosphere is such that the oxygen concentration is 10% by volume or more and 40% by volume or less. It is preferably 15% by volume or more and 30% by volume or less, and most preferably an air atmosphere.
  • the temperature of the catalyst surface from the maximum temperature reached during the firing step (pre-baking temperature or main firing temperature) to the temperature lowered to room temperature.
  • the rate of decrease (temperature lowering rate) is 1 ° C./min or more and 200 ° C./min or less, preferably 5 ° C./min or more and 150 ° C./min or less, more preferably 10 ° C./min or more and 120 ° C./min or less, most preferably 50.
  • the temperature is °C / min or more and 100 °C / min or less.
  • the temperature-lowering methods generally used industrially to achieve the above-mentioned temperature-lowering rate range, for example, the method of exposing the catalyst taken out from the firing furnace to the mist of an inert atmosphere or an inert solvent, or a room that has been sufficiently cooled in advance. All techniques for rapidly moving the catalyst are within the scope of this first aspect implementation.
  • the method (IV) is a method of controlling the catalyst precursor and / or the granules formed in each step so as not to apply mechanical impact, shear stress, etc., which will be described later.
  • the preferred range of shear stress and the like is controlled to 100 kgf or less, preferably 50 kgf or less, more preferably 20 kgf or less, still more preferably 10 kgf or less, and most preferably 5 kgf or less.
  • the details of the method (V) are not limited as long as it uses a reagent-grade high-purity raw material, and for example, the content of sulfur and its compounds, lithium, halogen and its compounds, and lead is 10,000 ppm by weight or less. It is preferably 1000 ppm by weight or less, more preferably 100 ppm by weight, and most preferably 10 ppm by weight or less.
  • the method (VII) is a method in which the cobalt raw material and the nickel raw material are controlled so as to shorten the mixing, reaction, slurrying, and residence time in the blending kettle in the catalyst blending step described later, which is more specific.
  • There is no metal salt raw material other than molybdenum and alkali metal in the compounding pot and the method of shortening the residence time in the presence of cobalt raw material and nickel raw material, or the pH in the compounding pot takes a specific range.
  • This is a method for shortening the residence time in the presence of a cobalt raw material and a nickel raw material.
  • the residence time is preferably 24 hours, more preferably 1 hour, further preferably 30 minutes, and most preferably 10 minutes.
  • the pH range is 1 or more and 14 or less, preferably 2 or more and 10 or less, more preferably 2 or more and 8 or less, and most preferably 3 or more and 7 or less.
  • the concentration in mass% of the nitrate ion in the preparation liquid when the preparation is completed and the process proceeds to the next step is preferably 40% by mass or less, more preferably 35% by mass. Hereinafter, it is more preferably 30% by mass or less, and most preferably 25% by mass or less.
  • the starting material for each element constituting the catalyst of the first aspect and its pre-fired powder is not particularly limited, but for example, the raw material for the molybdate component is a molybdate oxide such as molybdenum trioxide or molybdic acid.
  • Molybdic acid such as ammonium paramolybdate and ammonium metamolybdate or a salt thereof, heteropolyacid containing molybdenum such as phosphomolybdic acid and silicate molybdate or a salt thereof and the like can be used.
  • bismuth nitrate bismuth carbonate, bismuth sulfate, bismuth salt such as bismuth acetate, bismuth trioxide, metal bismuth and the like
  • bismuth salt such as bismuth acetate, bismuth trioxide, metal bismuth and the like
  • These raw materials can be used as a solid or as a slurry of an aqueous solution, a nitric acid solution, or a bismuth compound produced from the aqueous solution, but it is preferable to use nitrate, a solution thereof, or a slurry produced from the solution.
  • Heteropolyacids, heteropolyacid salts, sulfates, hydroxides, organic acid salts, oxides or mixtures thereof may be used in combination, but ammonium salts and nitrates are preferably used.
  • the compounds containing these active ingredients may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the slurry liquid can be obtained by uniformly mixing each active ingredient-containing compound and water.
  • the amount of water used in the slurry liquid is not particularly limited as long as the total amount of the compound used can be completely dissolved or uniformly mixed.
  • the amount of water used may be appropriately determined in consideration of the drying method and drying conditions.
  • the amount of normal water used is 100 parts by mass or more and 2000 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total mass of the compound for preparing the slurry.
  • the amount of water may be large, but if it is too large, the energy cost of the drying process will be high, and there are many disadvantages such as the case where the water cannot be completely dried.
  • the slurry liquid of the source compound of each component element is a method of (a) mixing the above source compounds collectively, (b) a method of collectively mixing and then aging treatment, and (c) stepwise. It is preferable to prepare by a method of mixing, (d) a method of repeating the mixing and aging treatment stepwise, and a method of combining (a) to (d).
  • the above-mentioned aging means "processing an industrial raw material or a semi-finished product under specific conditions such as a certain period of time and a certain temperature to acquire, increase, or increase the required physical properties and chemical properties, or the progress of a predetermined reaction. It means "operation to measure such things”.
  • the above-mentioned constant time means a range of 5 minutes or more and 24 hours or less
  • the above-mentioned constant temperature means a range of a boiling point or less of an aqueous solution or an aqueous dispersion liquid of room temperature or more.
  • the method of (c) stepwise mixing is preferable in terms of the activity and yield of the catalyst finally obtained, and more preferably, each raw material to be mixed stepwise with the mother liquor is a completely dissolved solution.
  • the most preferable method is to mix various mixed solutions of alkali metal solution and nitrate with the mother liquor made of molybdenum raw material as a mixed solution or slurry.
  • the shape of the stirring blade of the stirrer used when mixing the essential active ingredients is not particularly limited, and the propeller blade, the turbine blade, the paddle blade, the inclined paddle blade, the screw blade, the anchor blade, the ribbon blade, etc.
  • Any stirring blade such as a large lattice blade can be used in one stage, or the same blade or different types of blades can be used in two or more stages in the vertical direction.
  • a baffle may be installed in the reaction tank as needed.
  • the drying method is not particularly limited as long as the slurry liquid can be completely dried, and examples thereof include drum drying, freeze drying, spray drying, and evaporation drying. Of these, in the first aspect, spray drying, which allows the slurry liquid to be dried into powder or granules in a short time, is particularly preferable.
  • the drying temperature of spray drying varies depending on the concentration of the slurry liquid, the liquid feeding rate, and the like, but the temperature at the outlet of the dryer is generally 70 ° C. or higher and 150 ° C. or lower.
  • a supported molding method of supporting on a carrier such as silica or a non-supported molding method using no carrier can be adopted.
  • Specific molding methods include, for example, tableting molding, press molding, extrusion molding, granulation molding and the like.
  • the shape of the molded product for example, a columnar shape, a ring shape, a spherical shape, or the like can be appropriately selected in consideration of operating conditions, and the catalytically active component is supported on a spherical carrier, particularly an inert carrier such as silica or alumina.
  • a supported catalyst having an average particle size of 3.0 mm or more and 10.0 mm or less, preferably an average particle size of 3.0 mm or more and 8.0 mm or less is preferable.
  • a rolling granulation method As the supporting method, a rolling granulation method, a method using a centrifugal flow coating device, a wash coating method and the like are widely known, and the method is not particularly limited as long as the pre-baked powder can be uniformly supported on the carrier, but the catalyst.
  • the rolling granulation method is preferable in consideration of the production efficiency of the above. Specifically, in a device having a flat or uneven disk at the bottom of a fixed cylindrical container, the carrier charged in the container is rotated and revolved by rotating the disk at high speed. This is a method in which the powder component is supported on a carrier by vigorously stirring by repeating the exercise and adding a pre-baked powder to the stirring. In addition, it is preferable to use a binder for supporting.
  • binders that can be used include water, ethanol, methanol, propanol, polyhydric alcohol, polyvinyl alcohol of polymer binder, silica sol aqueous solution of inorganic binder, and the like, but ethanol, methanol, propanol, and polyhydric.
  • Alcohol is preferable, diol such as ethylene glycol and triol such as glycerin are more preferable, and an aqueous solution having a concentration of glycerin of 5% by mass or more is further preferable.
  • the amount of these binders used is usually 2 to 60 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the pre-baked powder, but 15 to 50 parts by mass is preferable in the case of an aqueous glycerin solution.
  • the binder and the pre-baked powder may be supplied to the molding machine alternately or at the same time. Further, at the time of molding, a small amount of known additives such as graphite and talc may be added. It should be noted that the molding aid, the pore forming agent, and the carrier added in the molding all have the composition of the active ingredient in the first aspect regardless of whether or not the raw material is active in the sense of converting the raw material into some other product. It shall not be considered as an element.
  • the pre-firing method, pre-firing conditions, main firing method, and main firing conditions are not particularly limited, and known processing methods and conditions can be applied.
  • Preliminary firing and main firing are usually performed at 200 ° C. or higher and 600 ° C. or lower, preferably 300 ° C. or higher and 550 ° C. or lower, for 0.5 hours or longer, preferably under the flow of an oxygen-containing gas such as air or an inert gas. Perform in 1 hour or more and 40 hours or less.
  • the inert gas refers to a gas that does not reduce the reaction activity of the catalyst, and specific examples thereof include nitrogen, carbon dioxide, helium, and argon.
  • the optimum conditions for the main firing differ depending on the reaction conditions when the unsaturated aldehyde and / or the unsaturated carboxylic acid is produced using the catalyst, and the process parameters of the main firing step, that is, in the atmosphere. Since it is known to those skilled in the art to change the oxygen content, the maximum temperature reached, the firing time, etc., it falls under the category of the first aspect of the present invention. Further, the main firing step shall be performed after the above-mentioned pre-baking step, and the maximum reached temperature (main firing temperature) in the main firing step is higher than the maximum reached temperature (pre-baking temperature) in the above-mentioned pre-baking step. It shall be expensive.
  • the firing method is not particularly limited to a fluidized bed, rotary kiln, muffle furnace, tunnel firing furnace, etc., and an appropriate range should be selected in consideration of the final catalyst performance, mechanical strength, moldability, production efficiency, etc. Is.
  • the catalyst of the first aspect is preferably used as a catalyst for producing an unsaturated aldehyde compound, an unsaturated carboxylic acid compound, or a conjugated diene compound, and more preferably a catalyst for producing an unsaturated aldehyde compound. It is more preferable to use it as a catalyst for producing achlorine from propylene.
  • the catalyst itself is prevented from deteriorating due to the heat generated by the reaction. It is known to those skilled in the art that different catalyst species are filled in multiple layers so that the activity increases toward the outlet side of the reaction tube.
  • the catalyst on the first side surface can be used on either the inlet side of the reaction tube, the outlet side of the reaction tube, or the catalyst layer in between, but for example, the most outlet side of the reaction tube, that is, the most of all catalyst layers in the reaction tube. Most preferably used for highly active catalysts. In the multi-layer filling, two-layer or three-layer filling is a particularly preferable embodiment.
  • the catalyst of the first aspect is used as a catalyst of the first stage, that is, a catalyst for producing an unsaturated aldehyde compound
  • the oxidation reaction of the second stage can be carried out to obtain an unsaturated carboxylic acid compound.
  • the catalyst of the second stage the catalyst of the first aspect of the present application can also be used, but it is preferably a catalyst containing a catalytically active component represented by the following formula (I-2). Mo 12 V a2 W b2 Cu c2 Sb d2 X2 e2 Y2 f2 Z2 g2 Oh2 ...
  • (I-2) (In the formula, Mo, V, W, Cu, Sb and O represent molybdenum, vanadium, tungsten, copper, antimony and oxygen, respectively, and X2 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of alkali metals and tallium. Y2 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium and zinc, and Z2 is from niobium, cerium, tin, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, samarium, germanium, titanium and arsenic. Indicates at least one element selected from the group.
  • A2, b2, c2, d2, e2, f2, g2 and h2 represent the atomic ratio of each element, and a2 is 0 ⁇ for molybdenum atom 12.
  • a2 ⁇ 10 b2 is 0 ⁇ b2 ⁇ 10
  • c2 is 0 ⁇ c2 ⁇ 6
  • d2 is 0 ⁇ d2 ⁇ 10
  • e2 is 0 ⁇ e2 ⁇ 1
  • g2 is 0 ⁇ It represents g2 ⁇ 6, and h2 is the number of oxygen atoms required to satisfy the atomic value of each component.
  • a method for preparing a catalyst of this type for example, an oxide catalyst, a heteropolyacid or a catalyst having a salt structure thereof.
  • the raw materials that can be used in producing the catalyst are not particularly limited, and various materials can be used.
  • molybdenum oxides such as molybdenum trioxide, molybdates, molybdates such as ammonium molybdate or salts thereof
  • heteropolyacids containing molybdenum such as phosphomolybdic acid and silicate molybdate or salts thereof may be used. it can.
  • the raw material for the antimony component is not particularly limited, but antimony trioxide or antimony acetate is preferable.
  • the compounds containing these active ingredients may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the slurry liquid obtained above is dried to obtain a solid catalytically active ingredient.
  • the drying method is not particularly limited as long as the slurry liquid can be completely dried, and examples thereof include drum drying, freeze drying, spray drying, and evaporative drying, and the slurry liquid is dried into powder or granules in a short time. Spray drying that can be done is preferred.
  • the drying temperature of spray drying varies depending on the concentration of the slurry liquid, the liquid feeding rate, and the like, but the temperature at the outlet of the dryer is generally 70 to 150 ° C. Further, it is preferable to dry the slurry liquid dried product obtained at this time so that the average particle size is 10 to 700 ⁇ m.
  • the catalyst-active component solid of the second stage obtained as described above can be used as it is in the coating mixture, but it is preferable because the moldability may be improved by firing.
  • the firing method and firing conditions are not particularly limited, and known processing methods and conditions can be applied. The optimum firing conditions vary depending on the catalyst raw material used, the catalyst composition, the preparation method, and the like, but the firing temperature is usually 100 to 350 ° C., preferably 150 to 300 ° C., and the firing time is 1 to 20 hours.
  • the firing is usually carried out in an air atmosphere, but may be carried out in an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, helium, or argon, or further after firing in an inert gas atmosphere, if necessary.
  • the firing may be performed in an air atmosphere.
  • the calcined solid thus obtained is preferably pulverized before molding.
  • the crushing method is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use a ball mill.
  • the compound containing the active ingredient in preparing the slurry of the second stage does not necessarily have to contain all the active ingredients, and some of the components may be used before the following molding step. ..
  • the shape of the catalyst in the second stage is not particularly limited, and it is molded into a columnar shape, a tablet, a ring shape, a spherical shape, or the like in order to reduce the pressure loss of the reaction gas in the oxidation reaction.
  • it is particularly preferable to support the catalytically active component solid on an inert carrier and use it as a supported catalyst.
  • the rolling granulation method described below is preferable for this support. In this method, for example, in a device having a flat or uneven disk at the bottom of a fixed container, the carrier in the container is vigorously agitated by repeating rotation and revolution by rotating the disk at high speed.
  • the method of adding the binder is as follows: 1) the carrier mixture is mixed in advance, 2) the carrier mixture is added at the same time as being added into the fixed container, and 3) the carrier mixture is added after being added into the fixed container. 4) Addition of the supporting mixture before adding it into the fixed container, 5) Dividing the supporting mixture and the binder, and adding the total amount of 2) to 4) in appropriate combinations can be arbitrarily adopted. ..
  • the addition rate is adjusted by using an auto feeder or the like so that the supporting mixture does not adhere to the wall of the fixed container and the supporting mixture does not aggregate with each other and a predetermined amount is supported on the carrier.
  • the binder include water, ethanol, polyhydric alcohol, polyvinyl alcohol as a high molecular weight binder, celluloses such as crystalline cellulose, methyl cellulose and ethyl cellulose, and an aqueous solution of silica sol as an inorganic binder, such as celluloses and ethylene glycol.
  • Diol, triol such as glycerin, and the like are preferable, and an aqueous solution having a concentration of glycerin of 5% by mass or more is particularly preferable.
  • the amount of these binders used is usually 2 to 60 parts by mass, preferably 10 to 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the supporting mixture.
  • the carrier in the above-mentioned carrier include spherical carriers having a diameter of 1 to 15 mm, preferably 2.5 to 10 mm, such as silicon carbide, alumina, silica alumina, mullite, and arandom. These carriers are usually used having a porosity of 10 to 70%.
  • the ratio of the carrier to the supporting mixture is usually 10 to 75% by mass, preferably 15 to 60% by mass of the supporting mixture / (supporting mixture + carrier). When the proportion of the supporting mixture is large, the reaction activity of the supporting catalyst is large, but the mechanical strength tends to be small. On the contrary, when the proportion of the supporting mixture is small, the mechanical strength tends to be large, but the reaction activity tends to be small.
  • examples of the molding aid used as necessary include silica gel, diatomaceous earth, and alumina powder.
  • the amount of the molding aid used is usually 1 to 60 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the catalytically active component solid.
  • using a catalyst active component solid and an inorganic fiber (for example, ceramic fiber or whiskers) inactive with respect to the reaction gas as a strength improver is useful for improving the mechanical strength of the catalyst. Glass fiber is preferred.
  • the amount of these fibers used is usually 1 to 30 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the catalytically active component solid.
  • the molding aid, the pore forming agent, and the carrier added may or may not be active in the sense of converting the raw material into some other product. It shall not be considered as a constituent element of the active ingredient in this first aspect.
  • the supported catalyst obtained as described above can be used as it is as a catalyst for the vapor phase catalytic oxidation reaction, but it is preferable because the catalytic activity may be improved by firing.
  • the firing method and firing conditions are not particularly limited, and known processing methods and conditions can be applied. The optimum firing conditions vary depending on the catalyst raw material used, the catalyst composition, the preparation method, and the like, but the firing temperature is usually 100 to 450 ° C., preferably 270 to 420 ° C., and the firing time is 1 to 20 hours.
  • the firing is usually carried out in an air atmosphere, but may be carried out in an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, helium, or argon, or further after firing in an inert gas atmosphere, if necessary.
  • the firing may be performed in an air atmosphere.
  • the catalytic activity can be improved and the yield can be improved, and the price competitiveness of the product can be improved as compared with a known method. Very effective.
  • the effect of improving the process stability of the partial oxidation reaction accompanied by heat generation such as reduction of the hotspot temperature can be expected.
  • the catalyst of this first aspect is also effective in reducing by-products that adversely affect the environment and the quality of the final product, such as carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), acetaldehyde, acetic acid and formaldehyde. is there.
  • the catalyst of the first aspect thus obtained can be used, for example, in producing acrolein and / or acrylic acid by vapor-phase catalytic oxidation of propylene with a molecular oxygen-containing gas.
  • the distribution method of the raw material gas may be an ordinary single distribution method or a recycling method, and can be carried out under generally used conditions, and is not particularly limited.
  • propylene as a starting material is 1 to 10% by volume, preferably 4 to 9% by volume
  • molecular oxygen is 3 to 20% by volume, preferably 4 to 18% by volume
  • water vapor is 0 to 60% by volume at room temperature.
  • the reaction tube On the catalyst on the first side surface, the reaction tube is filled with a mixed gas preferably containing 4 to 50% by volume and 20 to 80% by volume, preferably 30 to 60% by volume of an inert gas such as carbon dioxide or nitrogen.
  • a mixed gas preferably containing 4 to 50% by volume and 20 to 80% by volume, preferably 30 to 60% by volume of an inert gas such as carbon dioxide or nitrogen.
  • the reaction is carried out by introducing at a space speed of 300 to 5000 h-1 at 250 to 450 ° C. under a pressure of normal pressure to 10 atm.
  • the improvement of the catalytic activity means that the raw material conversion rate is high when the catalytic reaction is carried out at the same reaction bath temperature and the comparison is made unless otherwise specified.
  • the high yield in the first aspect means that when an oxidation reaction is carried out using propylene, isobutylene, t-butyl alcohol or the like as a raw material, the corresponding unsaturated aldehyde and / or unsaturated It means that the total yield of carboxylic acid is high. Unless otherwise specified, the yield refers to the effective yield described later.
  • the constituent elements of the catalyst active component refer to all the elements used in the catalyst manufacturing process unless otherwise specified, but disappear, sublimate, volatilize, and burn at the maximum temperature or less in the main firing process.
  • Raw materials and their constituent elements shall not be included in the constituent elements of the active component of the catalyst.
  • the elements constituting the molding aid and the carrier in the molding process and other inorganic materials are not included as the constituent elements of the active ingredient of the catalyst.
  • the hot spot temperature is the maximum temperature of the temperature distribution in the catalyst packed bed in which thermocouples are installed in the long axis direction in the multi-tube reaction tube, and the reaction bath temperature is the reaction tube. It is the set temperature of the heat medium used for the purpose of cooling the heat generated by.
  • unsaturated aldehydes and unsaturated aldehyde compounds are organic compounds having at least one double bond and at least one aldehyde in the molecule, such as acrolein and methacrolein.
  • unsaturated carboxylic acid and the unsaturated carboxylic acid compound are organic compounds having at least one double bond and at least one carboxy group or an ester group thereof in the molecule, and are, for example, acrylic acid and methacrylic acid. Acid, methyl methacrylate.
  • the conjugated diene is a diene in which a double bond is separated by one single bond and chemically conjugated, for example, 1,3-butadiene.
  • the catalyst of the first aspect of the present invention has an advantage that the reaction process can be kept stable in that (1) the hot spot temperature is reduced and (2) the activity is stable even when the reaction bath temperature is low. Also has.
  • Q1 ⁇ (U1 / F1-1) x 100 ⁇ / T x 1000 ...
  • the rate of change (Q1) per 1000 hours of reaction time due to the oxidation reaction of the peak intensity of the crystal phase of is below a certain level, specifically when it is 10.0 or less, the selectivity is stable in a high state. This is due to the fact that I found that.
  • the range of Q1 is 10.0 or less as described above, but more preferable values as the upper limit value thereof are 9.5, 9.0, and 8.5, respectively, more preferably 8.2, and further. It is preferably 8.0 and most preferably 7.9.
  • the lower limit value does not have to be set, but the preferable values are -100, -80, -60, -40, and -20, more preferably -15, and further preferably -10, which are the most preferable values. It is preferably ⁇ 8.0. That is, a more preferable range of the rate of change (Q1) of the peak intensity per 1000 hours of reaction time is set by the above upper and lower limits, for example, -40 or more and 8.0 or less, and most preferably -8.0 or more-. It is 7.9 or less.
  • the X-ray diffraction angle (2 ⁇ ) may be measured under the condition of 10 ° / min, but the present invention is not limited to this as long as the measurement principle is not deviated. Further, the peak intensity of the second side surface is performed after removing the background and halo patterns described in Patent Document 3 in the X-ray diffraction pattern before the calculation.
  • the range of D1 is preferably 4.0 or less as described above, but more preferably values as the upper limit value thereof are 3.8, 3.5, 3.0, and more preferably 2.8, respectively. , More preferably 2.5, and most preferably 2.0. Further, the lower limit value does not have to be set, but the preferable values are -17, -15, -10, more preferably -5.0, still more preferably -2.0, and most preferably. Is -1.5. That is, a more preferable range as the amount of change (D1) of the peak intensity per 1000 hours of reaction time is set by the above upper and lower limits, for example, -10 or more and 2.5 or less, and most preferably -1.5 or more 2 It is less than or equal to 0.0.
  • the oxidation reaction time T (hr) in the second aspect is determined by a specific time of 300 hours or more and 30,000 hours or less, preferably 800 hours or more and 28,000 hours or less, and more preferably 1000 hours or more and 26,000 hours or less. Yes, most preferably 6600 hours.
  • Q1 is 10.0 or less at any time within 300 hours or more and 30,000 hours or less.
  • the peak intensity is in a specific range, it is a more preferable catalyst.
  • the peak intensity is S3 represented by the following, the lower limit is 10.0, 10.2, 10.5 in the desired order, 11.0 is the most desirable, and the upper limit is 15.0, 14 in the desired order. .5, most preferably 13.5. That is, the preferable range for S3 is 12.0 or more and 14.0 or less, and the most preferable range is 11.0 or more and 13.5 or less.
  • the effect of the second aspect can be clarified by evaluating and comparing the catalyst before the oxidation reaction and the catalyst after the oxidation reaction under the same evaluation conditions.
  • Any condition may be used for the evaluation, but it is preferable to evaluate under a condition where the propylene space velocity is as large as 300 hr -1 or more because it is easy to find a difference before and after the oxidation reaction.
  • When changing the reactor when removing the catalyst from the reaction tube to obtain the catalyst after the oxidation reaction, divide the reaction tube into three or more sections in the length direction and sample equal amounts from each position. , It is good to evaluate after mixing.
  • the catalytically active component contained in the catalyst of the second aspect preferably has a composition represented by the following formula (II-A). Mo a3 Bi b3 Ni c3 Co d3 Fe e3 X3 f3 Y3 g3 Z3 h3 O i3 ... (II-A) (In the formula, Mo, Bi, Ni, Co and Fe represent molybdenum, bismuth, nickel, cobalt and iron, respectively, and X3 is tungsten, antimony, tin, zinc, chromium, manganese, magnesium, silicon, aluminum, cerium and titanium.
  • At least one element selected from, Y3 is at least one element selected from sodium, potassium, cesium, rubidium, and tarium
  • Z3 belongs to groups 1 to 16 of the periodic table, and Mo, Bi, Ni, It means at least one element selected from elements other than Co, Fe, X3, and Y3, and a3, b3, c3, d3, e3, f3, g3, h3, and i3 are molybdenum, bismuth, nickel, cobalt, and iron, respectively.
  • the preferable range of b3 to i3 is as follows.
  • the lower bounds of b3 are 0.2, 0.5, 0.7, 0.8 in the desired order, most preferably 0.9, and the upper bounds of b3 are 5, 3, 2, 1.6 in the preferred order. , 1.4, 1.2, most preferably 1.1. That is, the most preferable range of b3 is 0.9 ⁇ b3 ⁇ 1.1.
  • the lower limit of c3 is 1, 2, 2.5, 2.8, 3.0 in the desired order, the most desirable is 3.1, and the upper limit of c3 is 5, 4, 3.8, 3 in the desired order. It is .6, 3.4, and most preferably 3.2.
  • the most preferable range of c3 is 3.1 ⁇ c3 ⁇ 3.2.
  • the lower limit of d3 is 3, 4, 5, 5.3, 5.5, 5.7 in the desired order, the most desirable is 5.8, and the upper limit of d3 is 8, 7, 6.5 in the desired order. , 6.3, 6.1, most preferably 6.0. That is, the most preferable range of d3 is 5.8 ⁇ d3 ⁇ 6.0.
  • the lower limit of e3 is 0.5, 1, 1.2, 1.4 in the desired order, the most desirable is 1.5, and the upper limit of e3 is 4, 3, 2.5, 2, 1 in the desired order. It is 0.8, most preferably 1.7.
  • the most preferable range of e3 is 1.5 ⁇ e3 ⁇ 1.7.
  • the upper limit of f3 is 8, 7, 6, and 5 in the desired order. That is, the most preferable range of f3 is 0 ⁇ f3 ⁇ 5.
  • the lower limit of g3 is 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06 in the desired order, most preferably 0.07, and the upper limit of g3 is 1.5, 1, 0.5, 0 in the desired order. It is .2, 0.15, and most preferably 0.10. That is, the most preferable range of g3 is 0.07 ⁇ g3 ⁇ 0.10.
  • the upper limit of h3 is 8, 7, 6, and 5 in the desired order.
  • the most preferable range of h3 is 0 ⁇ h3 ⁇ 5. It is preferable that two or less types of Y3 are contained, and one type is particularly preferable. Further, it is a particularly preferable embodiment that f3 and h3 are 0.
  • a catalyst in which a pre-baked powder obtained by pre-firing after preparation of the catalytically active component is supported on an inert carrier is particularly effective as a catalyst of the second aspect.
  • the material of the inert carrier known materials such as alumina, silica, titania, zirconia, niobia, silica alumina, silicon carbide, carbides, and mixtures thereof can be used, and further, the particle size, water absorption rate, mechanical strength, and the like.
  • the degree of crystallization and mixing ratio of the crystal phase are not particularly limited, and an appropriate range should be selected in consideration of the final catalyst performance, moldability, production efficiency, and the like.
  • the mixing ratio of the carrier and the pre-baked powder is calculated as the loading ratio from the following formula based on the charged mass of each raw material.
  • Support rate (mass%) (mass of pre-baked powder used for molding) / ⁇ (mass of pre-baked powder used for molding) + (mass of carrier used for molding) ⁇ ⁇ 100
  • the preferable upper limit of the carrying ratio is 80% by mass, and more preferably 60% by mass.
  • the lower limit is preferably 20% by mass, more preferably 30% by mass. That is, the most preferable range as the loading ratio is 30% by mass or more and 60% by mass or less.
  • the inert carrier silica and / or alumina are preferable, and a mixture of silica and alumina is particularly preferable.
  • a binder for supporting.
  • binders that can be used include water, ethanol, methanol, propanol, polyhydric alcohol, polyvinyl alcohol of polymer binder, silica sol aqueous solution of inorganic binder, and the like, but ethanol, methanol, propanol, and polyhydric.
  • Alcohol is preferable, diol such as ethylene glycol and triol such as glycerin are preferable, and an aqueous solution having a concentration of glycerin of 5% by mass or more is preferable.
  • the amount of these binders used is usually 2 to 60 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the pre-baked powder, but is preferably 10 to 30 parts by mass in the case of an aqueous glycerin solution.
  • the binder and the pre-baked powder may be supplied to the molding machine alternately or at the same time.
  • control can be performed by changing each condition in each manufacturing process of the catalyst described later, but of unsaturated aldehyde compounds, unsaturated carboxylic acid compounds, and / or conjugated diene. It can be controlled by changing the manufacturing conditions. For example, (I) a method of controlling the hot spot temperature of the catalyst layer, (II) a method of controlling the oxygen concentration at the outlet of the reaction tube, (III) a method of controlling the steam concentration at the inlet of the reaction tube, and (IV) a method during the reaction.
  • a method of controlling the temperature lowering rate when some kind of temperature lowering treatment is performed (V) a method of suppressing the mechanical impact applied to the catalyst, (VI) a method of controlling the load of the raw material during the reaction to be constant, (VII). Examples thereof include a method of appropriately switching to a nitrogen purge operation during the reaction and a method of combining method (I) to method (VII).
  • the hot spot temperature of the catalyst layer when producing an unsaturated aldehyde compound, an unsaturated carboxylic acid compound, and / or a conjugated diene is controlled at 427 ° C. or lower, and the upper limit is 420 in the desired order. ° C. or lower, 410 ° C. or lower, 400 ° C. or lower, 390 ° C. or lower, 380 ° C. or lower. That is, it is most preferably 380 ° C. or lower.
  • the time for controlling the hotspot temperature is 500 hours or less, preferably 300 hours or less, more preferably 200 hours or less, still more preferably 100 hours or less, and most preferably 50 hours or less.
  • the oxygen concentration at the outlet of the reaction tube when producing an unsaturated aldehyde compound, an unsaturated carboxylic acid compound, and / or a conjugated diene is controlled to be 3.0% by volume or more and 4.7% by volume or less. It is a method, and the lower limit is preferably 3.5% by volume or more, more preferably 3.8% by volume or more, and particularly preferably 4.0% by volume or more. The upper limit is preferably 4.6% by volume, more preferably 4.5% by volume, and particularly preferably 4.4% by volume. That is, the oxygen concentration at the outlet of the reaction tube is most preferably 3.8% by volume or more and 4.4% by volume or less.
  • the steam concentration at the inlet of the reaction tube when producing an unsaturated aldehyde compound, an unsaturated carboxylic acid compound, and / or a conjugated diene is controlled at 30% by volume or less, and the upper limit is in the desired order. It is 25% by volume or less, 20% by volume or less, 15% by volume or less, 10% by volume or less, and 9% by volume or less. That is, it is most preferably 9% by volume or less.
  • the rate of decrease (temperature lowering rate) until the temperature of the catalyst itself decreases from the reaction bath temperature to 100 ° C. or less is 1 ° C./min or more and 200 ° C./min or less, preferably 5 ° C./min. It is 150 ° C./min or less, more preferably 10 ° C./min or more and 120 ° C./min or less, and most preferably 50 ° C./min or more and 100 ° C./min or less. All of the temperature-lowering methods generally industrially used to achieve the temperature-lowering rate range described above fall within the scope of this second aspect implementation.
  • the method (V) is a method of controlling the catalyst itself so as not to apply mechanical impact and shear stress in any step from filling the catalyst to during the reaction, and the mechanical impact and shear stress and the like.
  • the preferred range of the above is 100 kgf or less, preferably 50 kgf or less, more preferably 20 kgf or less, still more preferably 10 kgf or less, and most preferably 5 kgf or less.
  • the method (VI) is a method of controlling the load (SV) of the raw material during the reaction so as not to fluctuate.
  • a commercial plant adjusts production by changing the load according to the market conditions of the target product, but it is not preferable from the viewpoint of stability of catalyst performance, and it is constant after confirming Q1 and D1 of this second aspect. It is preferable to make adjustments so that the production is adjusted so that the production is adjusted by shutting down as necessary.
  • the control range for keeping the load constant should be controlled within ⁇ 20% of the target value of the load of the reaction raw material, more preferably ⁇ 15%, further preferably ⁇ 10%, and most preferably ⁇ 5. It becomes%.
  • the pressure difference (differential pressure) between the inlet and outlet of the catalyst packed bed may fluctuate as the load fluctuates.
  • the differential pressure should also be controlled to be constant and as low as possible after confirming Q1 and D1, preferably 50 kPaG or less, and more preferably 30 kPaG or less.
  • the operation is a method of carrying out an operation (nitrogen purge) in which only nitrogen gas is circulated through the catalyst during the reaction.
  • Switching the catalyst to the nitrogen purge operation is not preferable as an operation method of a commercial plant, but it is an embodiment that should be implemented from the viewpoint of stability of catalyst performance. That is, after confirming Q1 and D1 of the second aspect, the operation is appropriately switched to the nitrogen purge operation, and the number of times is not particularly limited, and the flow rate is 100 hr -1 or more, preferably 250 hr, as the SV for the nitrogen catalyst. -1 or more, more preferably 500 hr -1 or more, most preferably 1000 hr -1 , and the nitrogen purging time is 10 hr or more, preferably 100 hr or more, more preferably 500 hr or more.
  • d3 / (b3 + c3 + e3) is adjusted to a specific range, and the upper limit is 1.25, preferably 1.20, and more preferably 1. It is 10, and the lower limit is 0.10, 0.30, 0.50, 0.70, 0.80, 0.90, 1.00 in the desired order. That is, the most preferable range is 1.00 or more and 1.10 or less.
  • the upper limit of e3 / b3 is 1.90, preferably 1.80, and the lower limit of e3 / b3 is 0.10, 0.50, 1.00, 1.40, 1.50 in the desired order, and d3.
  • the upper limit of / b3 is 9.0, 8.0, 7.0, 6.0 in the desired order
  • the lower limit of d3 / b3 is 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 in the desired order.
  • the upper limit of c3 / d3 is 2.0, 1.0, 0.8 in the desired order
  • the lower limit of c3 / d3 is 0.4, 0.5 in the desired order
  • the lower limit of c3 + d3 + e3 is 7.0, 7.5, 8.0, 8.5, 9.0, 9.5 in the desired order
  • the upper limit of c3 + d3 + e3 is in the desired order. It is 13.0, 12.5, 12.0, 11.5, 11.0, 10.5, and the lower limit of b3 + c3 + d3 + e3 is 8.0, 8.5, 9.0, 9.5, 10. It is 0, 10.5, 11.0, and the upper limit of b3 + c3 + d3 + e3 is 14.0, 13.5, 13.0, 12.5, 12.0, 11.5 in the desired order.
  • the temperature is 200 ° C. or higher and 600 ° C. or lower, preferably 300 ° C. or higher and 550 ° C. or lower, more preferably 460 ° C. or higher and 550 ° C. or lower, and 0. 5 hours or more, preferably 1 hour or more and 40 hours or less, more preferably 2 hours or more and 15 hours or less, most preferably 2 hours or more and 9 hours or less, and the atmosphere is such that the oxygen concentration is 0% by volume or more and 40% by volume or less. It preferably has 5% by volume or more and 30% by volume or less, more preferably 10% to 25%, and most preferably an air atmosphere.
  • the temperature of the catalyst surface from the maximum temperature reached during the firing step (preliminary firing temperature or the main firing temperature) to the temperature lowered to room temperature.
  • the rate of decrease is 1 ° C./min or more and 200 ° C./min or less, preferably 5 ° C./min or more and 150 ° C./min or less, more preferably 10 ° C./min or more and 120 ° C./min or less, most preferably 50.
  • the temperature is °C / min or more and 100 °C / min or less.
  • the temperature lowering method generally used industrially to achieve the above-mentioned temperature lowering rate range, for example, the method of exposing the catalyst after firing taken out from the firing furnace to an inert atmosphere or mist with an inert solvent, or sufficient cooling in advance. All techniques for rapidly moving the fired catalyst into the chamber are within the scope of this second aspect.
  • the method (XI) is a method of controlling the catalyst precursor and / or the granules formed in each step so as not to apply mechanical impact, shear stress, etc., which will be described later.
  • the preferred range of shear stress and the like is controlled to 100 kgf or less, preferably 50 kgf or less, more preferably 20 kgf or less, still more preferably 10 kgf or less, and most preferably 5 kgf or less.
  • the details of the method (XII) are not limited as long as it uses a reagent-grade high-purity raw material, and for example, the content of sulfur and its compounds, lithium, halogen and its compounds, and lead is 10,000 ppm by weight or less. It is preferably 1000 ppm by weight or less, more preferably 100 ppm by weight, and most preferably 10 ppm by weight or less.
  • the method (XIV) is a method of controlling the mixing, reaction, slurrying, and residence time of the cobalt raw material and the nickel raw material in the blending kettle in the catalyst blending step described later, which is more specific.
  • There is no metal salt raw material other than molybdenum and alkali metal in the compounding pot and the method of shortening the residence time in the presence of cobalt raw material and nickel raw material, or the pH in the compounding pot takes a specific range.
  • This is a method for shortening the residence time in the presence of a cobalt raw material and a nickel raw material.
  • the residence time is preferably 24 hours, more preferably 1 hour, further preferably 30 minutes, and most preferably 10 minutes.
  • the pH range is 1 or more and 14 or less, preferably 2 or more and 10 or less, more preferably 2 or more and 8 or less, and most preferably 3 or more and 7 or less.
  • each raw material when each raw material is charged, the required amount is not charged at one time, but is divided into two or more times. It is preferable to leave a certain interval between the addition of the divided raw materials once and the next addition of the raw materials, and the time is preferably 5 seconds or more and 1 hour or less, more preferably 30 seconds or more and 45 minutes or less, further preferably. Is 1 minute or more and 30 minutes or less, most preferably 3 minutes or more and 15 minutes or less.
  • the number of divisions of one raw material is preferably 2 times or more, more preferably 3 times or more, still more preferably 4 times or more, and most preferably 5 times or more.
  • the addition time of two or more aqueous solutions used for mixing is preferably 1. It will be carried out within seconds or more and 30 minutes, more preferably 10 seconds or more and 20 minutes or less, further preferably 30 seconds or more and 5 minutes or less, and most preferably 1 minute or more and 5 minutes or less.
  • the transfer time from preparing the suspended slurry in the final state to moving to the drying step of the next step is preferably 10 seconds or more and 1 hour or less. It is preferably 30 seconds or more and 10 minutes or less, and most preferably 1 minute or more and 5 minutes or less.
  • the method (XVIII) is a method of adding an organic substance either before or after adding each raw material in the catalyst preparation step described later, and is preferably 0.001 mol% or more as the lower limit of the addition amount to the molybdenum raw material. , More preferably 0.01 mol% or more, further preferably 0.1 mol% or more, most preferably 1 mol% or more, and the upper limit of the addition amount is preferably 100 mol% or less, more preferably 90 mol% or less. , More preferably 80 mol% or less, and most preferably 60 mol% or less.
  • Carboxylic acid and alcohol are preferable as organic substances to be added, and examples thereof include acetic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, methanol, ethanol, propanol, ethylene glycol, and glycerin. ..
  • the starting material for the catalyst used in the production method of the second aspect and each element constituting the pre-fired powder thereof is not particularly limited, but for example, the raw material for the molybdate component is molybdenum such as molybdenum trioxide. Oxides, molybdates, molybdic acids such as ammonium paramolybdate, ammonium metamolybdate or salts thereof, heteropolyacids containing molybdenum such as phosphomolybdic acid, silicate molybdate or salts thereof can be used.
  • bismuth nitrate bismuth carbonate, bismuth sulfate, bismuth salt such as bismuth acetate, bismuth trioxide, metal bismuth and the like
  • bismuth salt such as bismuth acetate, bismuth trioxide, metal bismuth and the like
  • These raw materials can be used as a solid or as a slurry of an aqueous solution, a nitric acid solution, or a bismuth compound produced from the aqueous solution, but it is preferable to use nitrate, a solution thereof, or a slurry produced from the solution.
  • Heteropolyacids, heteropolyacid salts, sulfates, hydroxides, organic acid salts, oxides or mixtures thereof may be used in combination, but ammonium salts and nitrates are preferably used.
  • the compounds containing these active ingredients may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the slurry liquid can be obtained by uniformly mixing each active ingredient-containing compound and water.
  • the amount of water used in the slurry liquid is not particularly limited as long as the total amount of the compound used can be completely dissolved or uniformly mixed.
  • the amount of water used may be appropriately determined in consideration of the drying method and drying conditions.
  • the amount of normal water used is 100 parts by mass or more and 2000 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total mass of the compound for preparing the slurry.
  • the amount of water may be large, but if it is too large, the energy cost of the drying process will be high, and there are many disadvantages such as the case where the water cannot be completely dried.
  • the slurry liquid of the source compound of each component element is a method of (a) mixing the above source compounds collectively, (b) a method of collectively mixing and then aging treatment, and (c) stepwise. It is preferable to prepare by a method of mixing, (d) a method of repeating the mixing and aging treatment stepwise, and a method of combining (a) to (d).
  • the above-mentioned aging means "processing an industrial raw material or a semi-finished product under specific conditions such as a certain period of time and a certain temperature to acquire, increase, or increase the required physical properties and chemical properties, or the progress of a predetermined reaction. It means "operation to measure such things”.
  • the above-mentioned constant time means a range of 5 minutes or more and 24 hours or less
  • the above-mentioned constant temperature means a range of an aqueous solution or an aqueous dispersion above room temperature and below the boiling point.
  • the method of (c) stepwise mixing is preferable in terms of the activity and yield of the catalyst finally obtained, and more preferably, each raw material to be mixed stepwise with the mother liquor is a completely dissolved solution.
  • the most preferable method is to mix various mixed solutions of alkali metal solution and nitrate with the mother liquor made of molybdenum raw material as a mixed solution or slurry.
  • the shape of the stirring blade of the stirrer used when mixing the essential active ingredients is not particularly limited, and the propeller blade, turbine blade, paddle blade, inclined paddle blade, screw blade, anchor blade, ribbon blade, etc. Any stirring blade such as a large lattice blade can be used in one stage, or the same blade or different types of blades can be used in two or more stages in the vertical direction.
  • a baffle may be installed in the reaction tank as needed.
  • the drying method is not particularly limited as long as the slurry liquid can be completely dried, and examples thereof include drum drying, freeze drying, spray drying, and evaporation drying. Of these, in the second aspect, spray drying, which allows the slurry liquid to be dried into powder or granules in a short time, is particularly preferable.
  • the drying temperature of spray drying varies depending on the concentration of the slurry liquid, the liquid feeding rate, and the like, but the temperature at the outlet of the dryer is generally 70 ° C. or higher and 150 ° C. or lower.
  • a supported molding method of supporting on a carrier such as silica or a non-supported molding method using no carrier can be adopted.
  • Specific molding methods include, for example, tableting molding, press molding, extrusion molding, granulation molding and the like.
  • the shape of the molded product for example, a columnar shape, a ring shape, a spherical shape, or the like can be appropriately selected in consideration of operating conditions, and the catalytically active component is supported on a spherical carrier, particularly an inert carrier such as silica or alumina.
  • a supported catalyst having an average particle size of 3.0 mm or more and 10.0 mm or less, preferably an average particle size of 3.0 mm or more and 8.0 mm or less is preferable.
  • a rolling granulation method As the supporting method, a rolling granulation method, a method using a centrifugal flow coating device, a wash coating method and the like are widely known, and the method is not particularly limited as long as the pre-baked powder can be uniformly supported on the carrier, but the catalyst.
  • the rolling granulation method is preferable in consideration of the production efficiency of the above. Specifically, in a device having a flat or uneven disk at the bottom of a fixed cylindrical container, the carrier charged in the container is rotated and revolved by rotating the disk at high speed. This is a method in which the powder component is supported on a carrier by vigorously stirring by repeating the exercise and adding a pre-baked powder to the stirring. In addition, it is preferable to use a binder for supporting.
  • binders that can be used include water, ethanol, methanol, propanol, polyhydric alcohol, polyvinyl alcohol of polymer binder, silica sol aqueous solution of inorganic binder, and the like, but ethanol, methanol, propanol, and polyhydric.
  • Alcohol is preferable, diol such as ethylene glycol and triol such as glycerin are more preferable, and an aqueous solution having a concentration of glycerin of 5% by mass or more is further preferable.
  • the amount of these binders used is usually 2 to 60 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the pre-baked powder, but 15 to 50 parts by mass is preferable in the case of an aqueous glycerin solution.
  • the binder and the pre-baked powder may be supplied to the molding machine alternately or at the same time. Further, at the time of molding, a small amount of known additives such as graphite and talc may be added.
  • the molding aid, pore-forming agent, and carrier added in molding all have the composition of the active ingredient in the second aspect regardless of whether or not the raw material is active in the sense of converting the raw material into some other product. It shall not be considered as an element.
  • the pre-firing method, pre-firing conditions, main firing method, and main firing conditions are not particularly limited, and known processing methods and conditions can be applied.
  • Preliminary firing and main firing are usually performed at 200 ° C. or higher and 600 ° C. or lower, preferably 300 ° C. or higher and 550 ° C. or lower, for 0.5 hours or longer, preferably under the flow of an oxygen-containing gas such as air or an inert gas. Perform in 1 hour or more and 40 hours or less.
  • the inert gas refers to a gas that does not reduce the reaction activity of the catalyst, and specific examples thereof include nitrogen, carbon dioxide, helium, and argon.
  • the optimum conditions for the main firing differ depending on the reaction conditions when the unsaturated aldehyde and / or the unsaturated carboxylic acid is produced using the catalyst, and the process parameters of the main firing step, that is, in the atmosphere. Since it is known to those skilled in the art to change the oxygen content, the maximum temperature reached, the firing time, etc., it falls under the category of this second aspect. Further, the main firing step shall be performed after the above-mentioned pre-baking step, and the maximum reached temperature (main firing temperature) in the main firing step is higher than the maximum reached temperature (pre-baking temperature) in the above-mentioned pre-baking step. It shall be expensive.
  • the firing method is not particularly limited to a fluidized bed, rotary kiln, muffle furnace, tunnel firing furnace, etc., and an appropriate range should be selected in consideration of the final catalyst performance, mechanical strength, moldability, production efficiency, etc. Is.
  • the production method of the second aspect is preferably used as a method for producing an unsaturated aldehyde compound, an unsaturated carboxylic acid compound, or a conjugated diene compound, and more preferably used as a method for producing an unsaturated aldehyde compound. It is more preferable, and it is particularly preferable to use it as a method for producing acrolein from propylene.
  • the catalyst itself is prevented from deteriorating due to the heat generated by the reaction.
  • the second side surface can be filled with either a single layer or multiple layers, but two-layer or three-layer filling is a particularly preferable embodiment.
  • A4, b4, c4, d4, e4, f4, g4 and h4 represent the atomic ratio of each element, and a4 is 0 ⁇ for molybdenum atom 12.
  • a4 ⁇ 10 b4 is 0 ⁇ b4 ⁇ 10
  • c4 is 0 ⁇ c4 ⁇ 6
  • d4 is 0 ⁇ d4 ⁇ 10
  • e4 is 0 ⁇ e4 ⁇ 1
  • g4 is 0 ⁇ It represents g4 ⁇ 6, and h4 is the number of oxygen atoms required to satisfy the atomic value of each component.
  • a method for preparing a catalyst of this type for example, an oxide catalyst, a heteropolyacid or a catalyst having a salt structure thereof.
  • the raw materials that can be used in producing the catalyst are not particularly limited, and various materials can be used.
  • molybdenum oxides such as molybdenum trioxide, molybdates, molybdates such as ammonium molybdate or salts thereof
  • heteropolyacids containing molybdenum such as phosphomolybdic acid and silicate molybdate or salts thereof may be used. it can.
  • the raw material for the antimony component is not particularly limited, but antimony trioxide or antimony acetate is preferable.
  • the compounds containing these active ingredients may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the slurry liquid obtained above is dried to obtain a solid catalytically active ingredient.
  • the drying method is not particularly limited as long as the slurry liquid can be completely dried, and examples thereof include drum drying, freeze drying, spray drying, and evaporative drying, and the slurry liquid is dried into powder or granules in a short time. Spray drying that can be done is preferred.
  • the drying temperature of spray drying varies depending on the concentration of the slurry liquid, the liquid feeding rate, and the like, but the temperature at the outlet of the dryer is generally 70 to 150 ° C. Further, it is preferable to dry the slurry liquid dried product obtained at this time so that the average particle size is 10 to 700 ⁇ m.
  • the catalyst-active component solid of the second stage obtained as described above can be used as it is in the coating mixture, but it is preferable because the moldability may be improved by firing.
  • the firing method and firing conditions are not particularly limited, and known processing methods and conditions can be applied. The optimum firing conditions vary depending on the catalyst raw material used, the catalyst composition, the preparation method, and the like, but the firing temperature is usually 100 to 350 ° C., preferably 150 to 300 ° C., and the firing time is 1 to 20 hours.
  • the firing is usually carried out in an air atmosphere, but may be carried out in an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, helium, or argon, or further after firing in an inert gas atmosphere, if necessary.
  • the firing may be performed in an air atmosphere.
  • the calcined solid thus obtained is preferably pulverized before molding.
  • the crushing method is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use a ball mill.
  • the compound containing the active ingredient in preparing the slurry of the second stage does not necessarily have to contain all the active ingredients, and some of the components may be used before the following molding step. ..
  • the shape of the catalyst in the second stage is not particularly limited, and it is molded into a columnar shape, a tablet, a ring shape, a spherical shape, or the like in order to reduce the pressure loss of the reaction gas in the oxidation reaction.
  • it is particularly preferable to support the catalytically active component solid on an inert carrier and use it as a supported catalyst.
  • the rolling granulation method described below is preferable for this support. In this method, for example, in a device having a flat or uneven disk at the bottom of a fixed container, the carrier in the container is vigorously agitated by repeating rotation and revolution by rotating the disk at high speed.
  • the method of adding the binder is as follows: 1) the carrier mixture is mixed in advance, 2) the carrier mixture is added at the same time as being added into the fixed container, and 3) the carrier mixture is added after being added into the fixed container. 4) Addition of the supporting mixture before adding it into the fixed container, 5) Dividing the supporting mixture and the binder, and adding the total amount of 2) to 4) in appropriate combinations can be arbitrarily adopted. ..
  • the addition rate is adjusted by using an auto feeder or the like so that the supporting mixture does not adhere to the wall of the fixed container and the supporting mixture does not aggregate with each other and a predetermined amount is supported on the carrier.
  • the binder include water, ethanol, polyhydric alcohol, polyvinyl alcohol as a high molecular weight binder, celluloses such as crystalline cellulose, methyl cellulose and ethyl cellulose, and an aqueous solution of silica sol as an inorganic binder, such as celluloses and ethylene glycol.
  • Diol, triol such as glycerin, and the like are preferable, and an aqueous solution having a concentration of glycerin of 5% by mass or more is particularly preferable.
  • the amount of these binders used is usually 2 to 60 parts by mass, preferably 10 to 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the supporting mixture.
  • the carrier in the above-mentioned carrier include spherical carriers having a diameter of 1 to 15 mm, preferably 2.5 to 10 mm, such as silicon carbide, alumina, silica alumina, mullite, and arandom. These carriers are usually used having a porosity of 10 to 70%.
  • the ratio of the carrier to the supporting mixture is usually 10 to 75% by mass, preferably 15 to 60% by mass of the supporting mixture / (supporting mixture + carrier). When the proportion of the supporting mixture is large, the reaction activity of the supporting catalyst is large, but the mechanical strength tends to be small. On the contrary, when the proportion of the supporting mixture is small, the mechanical strength tends to be large, but the reaction activity tends to be small.
  • examples of the molding aid used as necessary include silica gel, diatomaceous earth, and alumina powder.
  • the amount of the molding aid used is usually 1 to 60 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the catalytically active component solid.
  • using a catalyst active component solid and an inorganic fiber (for example, ceramic fiber or whiskers) inactive with respect to the reaction gas as a strength improver is useful for improving the mechanical strength of the catalyst. Glass fiber is preferred.
  • the amount of these fibers used is usually 1 to 30 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the catalytically active component solid.
  • the molding aid, the pore forming agent, and the carrier added may or may not be active in the sense of converting the raw material into some other product. It shall not be considered as a constituent element of the active ingredient in this second aspect.
  • the supported catalyst obtained as described above can be used as it is as a catalyst for the vapor phase catalytic oxidation reaction, but it is preferable because the catalytic activity may be improved by firing.
  • the firing method and firing conditions are not particularly limited, and known processing methods and conditions can be applied. The optimum firing conditions vary depending on the catalyst raw material used, the catalyst composition, the preparation method, and the like, but the firing temperature is usually 100 to 450 ° C., preferably 270 to 420 ° C., and the firing time is 1 to 20 hours.
  • the firing is usually carried out in an air atmosphere, but may be carried out in an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, helium, or argon, or further after firing in an inert gas atmosphere, if necessary.
  • the firing may be performed in an air atmosphere.
  • the catalyst of this second aspect is a reaction for producing the corresponding unsaturated aldehyde and unsaturated carboxylic acid using propylene, isobutylene, t-butyl alcohol, etc. as raw materials, and in particular, propylene is vaporized by molecular oxygen or a gas containing molecular oxygen.
  • propylene is vaporized by molecular oxygen or a gas containing molecular oxygen.
  • the catalyst of this second aspect is also effective in reducing by-products that adversely affect the environment and the quality of the final product, such as carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2), acetaldehyde, acetic acid, and formaldehyde. ..
  • the catalyst thus obtained can be used, for example, when propylene is vapor-phase catalytically oxidized with a molecular oxygen-containing gas to produce acrolein and / or acrylic acid.
  • the distribution method of the raw material gas may be an ordinary single distribution method or a recycling method, and can be carried out under generally used conditions, and is not particularly limited.
  • propylene as a starting material is 1 to 10% by volume, preferably 4 to 9% by volume
  • molecular oxygen is 3 to 20% by volume, preferably 4 to 18% by volume
  • water vapor is 0 to 60% by volume at room temperature.
  • the reaction tube On the catalyst on the second side surface, the reaction tube is filled with a mixed gas preferably containing 4 to 50% by volume and 20 to 80% by volume, preferably 30 to 60% by volume of an inert gas such as carbon dioxide or nitrogen.
  • a mixed gas preferably containing 4 to 50% by volume and 20 to 80% by volume, preferably 30 to 60% by volume of an inert gas such as carbon dioxide or nitrogen.
  • the reaction is carried out by introducing at a space speed of 300 to 5000 h-1 at 250 to 450 ° C. under a pressure of normal pressure to 10 atm.
  • the improvement of the catalytic activity means that the raw material conversion rate is high when the catalytic reaction is carried out at the same reaction bath temperature and the comparison is made unless otherwise specified.
  • the high yield in this second aspect means that when an oxidation reaction is carried out using propylene, isobutylene, t-butyl alcohol or the like as a raw material, the corresponding unsaturated aldehyde and / or unsaturated It means that the total yield of carboxylic acids is high. Unless otherwise specified, the yield refers to the effective yield described later.
  • the constituent elements of the catalytically active component refer to all the elements used in the catalyst manufacturing process unless otherwise specified, but disappear, sublimate, volatilize, and burn at the maximum temperature or lower in the main firing process.
  • Raw materials and their constituent elements shall not be included in the constituent elements of the active component of the catalyst.
  • the elements constituting the molding aid and the carrier in the molding process and other inorganic materials are not included as the constituent elements of the active ingredient of the catalyst.
  • the hot spot temperature is the maximum temperature of the temperature distribution in the catalyst packed bed in which thermocouples are installed in the long axis direction in the multi-tube reaction tube, and the reaction bath temperature is the reaction tube. This is the set temperature of the heat medium used for the purpose of cooling the heat generated by.
  • the number of points for measuring the temperature distribution is not particularly limited, but for example, the catalyst filling length is evenly divided from 10 to 1000.
  • a temperature sheath is installed in the long axis direction of the reaction tube and the thermocouple is installed therein for the purpose of stabilizing the measurement by the thermocouple.
  • the outer diameter of the temperature sheath is not limited, but is preferably 7 mm or less, more preferably 6 mm or less, still more preferably 3.5 mm or less, and the outer diameter of the thermocouple is also not limited, but is, for example, 6 mm or less. Is preferable, more preferably 4 mm or less, still more preferably 3 mm or less.
  • unsaturated aldehydes and unsaturated aldehyde compounds are organic compounds having at least one double bond and at least one aldehyde in the molecule, such as acrolein and methacrolein.
  • the unsaturated carboxylic acid and the unsaturated carboxylic acid compound are organic compounds having at least one double bond and at least one carboxy group or an ester group thereof in the molecule, and are, for example, acrylic acid and methacrylic acid. Acid, methyl methacrylate.
  • the conjugated diene is a diene in which double bonds are separated by one single bond and chemically conjugated, for example, 1,3-butadiene.
  • the production method of the second aspect of the present invention can keep the reaction process stable in that (1) the hot spot temperature is reduced and (2) the activity is stable even when the reaction bath temperature is low.
  • the third aspect of the present invention is a method for filling a catalyst in which two or more layers of a composite metal oxide catalyst containing molybdenum, bismuth, and cobalt as essential components are stacked in the tube axis direction to fill the layers, and one catalyst layer.
  • the composition of the composite metal oxide catalyst contained in is different from the composition of the composite metal oxide catalyst contained in at least one of the other catalyst layers, and the composition of the catalyst layer on the most gas inlet side of the tube shaft is bismuth with respect to the amount of molybdenum component.
  • the ratio of the component amount of bismuth is smaller than the ratio of the component amount of bismuth to the component amount of molybdenum in the catalyst layer on the most gas outlet side of the tube shaft, and in both of the two adjacent catalyst layers, the gas inlet side of the tube shaft
  • the ratio of the component amount of bismuth to the component amount of molybdenum in the catalyst layer of the catalyst layer is the same as or smaller than the ratio of the component amount of bismuth to the component amount of molybdenum in the catalyst layer on the gas outlet side of the tube shaft.
  • the catalyst By filling the catalyst as described above, it is very effective in improving the catalytic activity and yield in the gas-phase catalytic oxidation reaction or the vapor-phase catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation reaction, and in particular, propylene, isobutylene, and t-butyl.
  • the yield of these target products can be improved.
  • the catalyst layer on the most inlet side of the tube shaft is, for example, when an n-layer catalyst layer is provided, the first catalyst layer as viewed from the inlet side of a raw material gas such as propylene, isobutylene, t-butyl alcohol, and 1,3-butene. It means the catalyst layer of the layer. Further, the catalyst layer on the most outlet side means the catalyst layer of the nth layer.
  • the ratio of the component amount of bismuth is the catalyst on the most outlet side (nth layer). It is characterized in that it is smaller than the ratio of the component amount of bismuth when the component amount of molybdenum in the layer is 12.
  • the lower limit is -1.5, -1.2, -1.0, -0.8, -0.6, -0.4 in the more preferable order, and -0.2 is particularly preferable. That is, the most preferable range is ⁇ 0.2 or more and less than 0.0.
  • the ratio of Bi of these catalyst layers is preferably 0.01 or more and less than 1.00.
  • the lower limit is 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40, 0.50, 0.60, 0.70, 0.80 in the preferred order, and the upper limit is the preferred order. , 0.99, 0.95, 0.90. That is, the most preferable range is 0.80 or more and 0.90 or less.
  • the ratio of the component amount of bismuth when the component amount of molybdenum in the catalyst layer on the gas inlet side of the tube shaft is 12, is the gas of the tube shaft. It also has a feature that it is the same as or smaller than the ratio of the component amount of bismuth when the component amount of molybdenum in the catalyst layer on the outlet side is 12.
  • the lower limit is preferably in the order of -1.5, -1.2, -1.0, -0.8, -0.6, -0.4, and -0.2 is the most preferable.
  • the lower limit is 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40, 0.50, 0.60, 0.70, 0.80 in the preferred order, and the upper limit is the preferred order. , 0.99, 0.95, 0.90. That is, the most preferable range is 0.80 or more and 0.90 or less.
  • the catalyst shows a high yield by filling so that the peak intensity of the crystal phase of ⁇ -CoMo observed at 28.5 ⁇ 0.1 ° is within a certain range.
  • the crystal phase of ⁇ -CoMo more specifically the peak intensity of each crystal plane, changes depending on the composition of the catalyst and the manufacturing method, the sum of the peak intensities of specific crystal planes among ⁇ -CoMo is particularly high.
  • the catalyst filling method found by the inventors is a method of filling a catalyst layer containing a composite metal oxide catalyst containing molybdenum, bismuth, and cobalt as essential components, and two or more layers of catalysts are stacked in the pipe axis direction.
  • the peak intensity ratio (S) in the X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by using the CuK ⁇ ray of the catalyst contained in one catalyst layer as an X-ray source is compared with the catalyst layer on the most gas inlet side of the tube shaft.
  • the catalyst layer on the gas outlet side of the tube shaft is the smallest, and the catalyst layer on the gas outlet side of the tube shaft is the same or the catalyst layer on the gas outlet side of the tube shaft is the same in either of the two adjacent catalyst layers.
  • the method is to fill the catalyst so that it is smaller than that.
  • the lower limit is preferably 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, and 20.0 is particularly preferable.
  • the upper limit is preferably 45.0, 40.0, and 37.0 is particularly preferable. That is, the most preferable range of the difference between S on the gas inlet side and S on the gas outlet side of two adjacent catalyst layers is 20.0 or more and 37.0 or less.
  • a numerical value of two or more can be considered as the difference between S on the gas inlet side and S on the gas outlet side of two adjacent catalyst layers, but when both of them fall within the above range.
  • the catalyst in an X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by stacking two or more layers of catalysts in the tube axis direction and filling them in multiple layers and using CuK ⁇ rays of the catalyst contained in one catalyst layer as an X-ray source.
  • the catalyst is filled so that the catalyst layer on the gas outlet side of the tube shaft is smaller than the catalyst layer on the gas inlet side of the tube shaft.
  • the catalyst layer on the gas outlet side of the tube shaft is the same as or smaller than the catalyst layer on the gas inlet side of the tube shaft.
  • the lower limit is preferably 1.5, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, and 12.0 is particularly preferable.
  • the upper limit is preferably 40.0, 30.0, 25.0, 20.0, and 17.0 is particularly preferable. That is, the most preferable range of the difference between S1 on the gas inlet side and S1 on the gas outlet side of two adjacent catalyst layers is 12.0 or more and 17.0 or less.
  • a value of two or more can be considered as the difference between S1 on the gas inlet side and S1 on the gas outlet side of two adjacent catalyst layers, but when both of them fall within the above range.
  • the catalyst in an X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by stacking two or more layers of catalysts in the tube axis direction and filling them in multiple layers and using CuK ⁇ rays of the catalyst contained in one catalyst layer as an X-ray source.
  • S2 the peak intensity ratio expressed by the following formula
  • the catalyst is filled so that the catalyst layer on the gas outlet side of the tube shaft is smaller than the catalyst layer on the gas inlet side of the tube shaft.
  • the catalyst layer on the gas outlet side of the tube shaft is the same as or smaller than the catalyst layer on the gas inlet side of the tube shaft.
  • the lower limit is preferably 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, and 4.0 is particularly preferable.
  • the upper limit is preferably 18.0, 15.0, 12.0, 10.0, 8.0, and 6.0 is particularly preferable. That is, the most preferable range of the difference between S2 on the gas inlet side and S2 on the gas outlet side of two adjacent catalyst layers is 4.0 or more and 6.0 or less.
  • a value of 2 or more can be considered as the difference between S2 on the gas inlet side and S2 on the gas outlet side of two adjacent catalyst layers, but when both of them fall within the above range.
  • the catalyst in an X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by stacking two or more layers of catalysts in the tube axis direction and filling them in multiple layers and using CuK ⁇ rays of the catalyst contained in one catalyst layer as an X-ray source.
  • the catalyst is filled so that the catalyst layer on the gas outlet side of the tube shaft is smaller than the catalyst layer on the gas inlet side of the tube shaft.
  • the catalyst layer on the gas outlet side of the tube shaft is the same as or smaller than the catalyst layer on the gas inlet side of the tube shaft.
  • the lower limit is preferably 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 is particularly preferable.
  • the upper limit is preferably 18.0, 15.0, 12.0, 10.0, 8.0, and 5.0 is particularly preferable. That is, the most preferable range of the difference between S3 on the gas inlet side and S3 on the gas outlet side of two adjacent catalyst layers is 3.5 or more and 5.0 or less.
  • a value of two or more can be considered as the difference between S3 on the gas inlet side and S3 on the gas outlet side of two adjacent catalyst layers, but when both of them fall within the above range.
  • the X-ray diffraction angle (2 ⁇ ) may be measured under the condition of 10 ° / min, but the present invention is not limited to this as long as the measurement principle is not deviated.
  • the sum (S) of the peak intensity ratios calculated in the third aspect is performed after the X-ray diffraction pattern is subjected to the background and halo pattern removal described in Patent Document 3 before the calculation. To do.
  • each of the above peaks does not have a clear maximum value within the corresponding 2 ⁇ range or does not have a peak shape, or when it is not judged as a clear peak with too much noise, or a peak maximum value.
  • the minimum value is taken in the range of 2 ⁇ for calculating the above, it is assumed that the peak intensity is 0 in the third aspect.
  • the range of the parameter S of each catalyst used in the filling method of the third aspect is preferably 42 or more and 113 or less.
  • the upper limit is 110, 105, 100, 95, 90, 85, 80, 75 in the more desirable order, the most desirable is 70, and the lower limit of the parameter S is 44, 46, 48 in the more desirable order. , 50, 52, 53, 54, 60, most preferably 65. That is, a more preferable range as the sum (S) of the peak intensity ratios is set by the upper and lower limits, for example, 44 or more and 110 or less, and most preferably 65 or more and 70 or less. It is preferable that any one of the catalysts used in the third aspect is in the above range of S, but it is most preferable that all the catalysts are in the above range.
  • each catalyst used in the filling method of the third aspect has an optimum range for the above-mentioned peak intensity ratio S1 expressed by the following formula.
  • the lower limit is 5, 10, 14, 16, 18, 20 in the desired order, 21 is the most desirable, and the upper limit is 42, 40, 36, 32, 30 in the desired order, most preferably 28. That is, the most preferable range for S1 is 21 or more and 28 or less.
  • any one of the catalysts used in the third aspect is in the above range of S1, but it is most preferable that all the catalysts are in the above range.
  • each catalyst used in the filling method of the third aspect has an optimum range for the above-mentioned peak intensity ratio S2 expressed by the following formula.
  • the lower limit is 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 in the desired order, 15 is the most desirable, the upper limit is 20, and 18 is the most desirable. That is, the most preferable range for S2 is 15 or more and 18 or less.
  • any one of the catalysts used in the third aspect is in the above range of S2, but it is most preferable that all the catalysts are in the above range.
  • each catalyst used in the filling method of the third aspect has an optimum range for the above-mentioned peak intensity ratio S3 represented by the following formula.
  • the lower limit is 10, 15, 20, 22, 24, 26 in the desired order, 27 is the most desirable, and the upper limit is 44, 42, 40, 38, 36, 34, 32 in the desired order, most preferably 31. is there. That is, the most preferable range for S3 is 27 or more and 31 or less.
  • any one of the catalysts used in the third aspect is in the above range of S3, but it is most preferable that all the catalysts are in the above range.
  • any one of the catalysts used in the third aspect is in the above range of S4, but it is most preferable that all the catalysts are in the above range.
  • the catalytically active component contained in each catalyst used in the filling method of the third aspect preferably has a composition represented by the following formula (III-1). It is preferable that any one of the catalysts used in the third aspect has a composition represented by the following formula (III-1), but all catalysts have the following formula (III-1). The most preferable embodiment is the composition represented. Mo a5 Bi b5 Ni c5 Co d5 Fe e5 X5 f5 Y5 g5 Z5 h5 O i5 ...
  • (III-1) (In the formula, Mo, Bi, Ni, Co and Fe represent molybdenum, bismuth, nickel, cobalt and iron, respectively, and X5 is tungsten, antimony, tin, zinc, chromium, manganese, magnesium, silicon, aluminum, cerium and titanium.
  • At least one element selected from, Y5 is at least one element selected from sodium, potassium, cesium, rubidium, and tarium
  • Z5 belongs to groups 1 to 16 of the periodic table, and Mo, Bi, Ni, It means at least one element selected from elements other than Co, Fe, X5, and Y5, and a5, b5, c5, d5, e5, f5, g5, h5, and i5 are molybdenum, bismuth, nickel, cobalt, and iron, respectively.
  • the preferable range of b5 to i5 is as follows.
  • the lower limit of b5 is 0.2, 0.5, 0.7, 0.8 in the desired order, most preferably 0.9, and the upper limit of b5 is 5, 3, 2, 1.6 in the desired order. , 1.4, 1.2, most preferably 1.1. That is, the most preferable range of b5 is 0.9 ⁇ b5 ⁇ 1.1.
  • the lower limit of c5 is 1, 2, 2.5, 2.8, 3.0 in the desired order, the most desirable is 3.1, and the upper limit of c5 is 5, 4, 3.8, 3 in the desired order. It is .6, 3.4, and most preferably 3.2.
  • the most preferable range of c5 is 3.1 ⁇ c5 ⁇ 3.2.
  • the lower limit of d5 is 3, 4, 5, 5.3, 5.5, 5.7 in the desired order, the most desirable is 5.8, and the upper limit of d5 is 8, 7, 6.5 in the desired order. , 6.3, 6.1, most preferably 6.0. That is, the most preferable range of d5 is 5.8 ⁇ d5 ⁇ 6.0.
  • the lower limit of e5 is 0.5, 1, 1.2, 1.4 in the desired order, most preferably 1.5, and the upper limit of e5 is 4, 3, 2.5, 2, 1 in the desired order. It is 0.8, most preferably 1.7.
  • the most preferable range of e5 is 1.5 ⁇ e5 ⁇ 1.7.
  • the upper limit of f5 is 8, 7, 6, and 5 in the desired order. That is, the most preferable range of f5 is 0 ⁇ f5 ⁇ 5.
  • the lower limit of g5 is 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06 in the desired order, most preferably 0.07, and the upper limit of g5 is 1.5, 1, 0.5, 0 in the desired order. It is .2, 0.15, and most preferably 0.10. That is, the most preferable range of g5 is 0.07 ⁇ g5 ⁇ 0.10.
  • the upper limit of h5 is 8, 7, 6, and 5 in the desired order.
  • the most preferable range of h5 is 0 ⁇ h5 ⁇ 5. It is preferable that two or less types of Y5 are contained, and one type is particularly preferable. Further, it is a particularly preferable embodiment that f5 and h5 are 0.
  • the catalyst composition used is different in the type or element ratio of the alkali metal between the layer on the inlet side of the reaction tube and the layer on the outlet side between reactions.
  • Z5 and / or h5 are different from each other in Z5 h5.
  • Z5 is cesium or cesium and potassium
  • Z5 is potassium.
  • a catalyst in which a pre-baked powder obtained by pre-firing after preparation of the catalytically active component is supported on an inert carrier is particularly effective as a catalyst used in the filling method of the third aspect.
  • the material of the inert carrier known materials such as alumina, silica, titania, zirconia, niobia, silica alumina, silicon carbide, carbides, and mixtures thereof can be used, and further, the particle size, water absorption rate, mechanical strength, and the like.
  • the degree of crystallization and mixing ratio of the crystal phase are not particularly limited, and an appropriate range should be selected in consideration of the final catalyst performance, moldability, production efficiency, and the like.
  • the mixing ratio of the carrier and the pre-baked powder is calculated as the loading ratio from the following formula based on the charged mass of each raw material.
  • Support rate (mass%) (mass of pre-baked powder used for molding) / ⁇ (mass of pre-baked powder used for molding) + (mass of carrier used for molding) ⁇ ⁇ 100
  • the preferable upper limit of the carrying ratio is 80% by mass, and more preferably 60% by mass.
  • the lower limit is preferably 20% by mass, more preferably 30% by mass. That is, the most preferable range as the loading ratio is 30% by mass or more and 60% by mass or less.
  • the inert carrier silica and / or alumina are preferable, and a mixture of silica and alumina is particularly preferable.
  • a binder for supporting.
  • binders that can be used include water, ethanol, methanol, propanol, polyhydric alcohol, polyvinyl alcohol of polymer binder, silica sol aqueous solution of inorganic binder, and the like, but ethanol, methanol, propanol, and polyhydric.
  • Alcohol is preferable, diol such as ethylene glycol and triol such as glycerin are preferable, and an aqueous solution having a concentration of glycerin of 5% by mass or more is preferable.
  • the amount of these binders used is usually 2 to 60 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the pre-baked powder, but is preferably 10 to 30 parts by mass in the case of an aqueous glycerin solution.
  • the binder and the pre-baked powder may be supplied to the molding machine alternately or at the same time.
  • a means for adjusting the value of S it can be controlled by changing each condition in each manufacturing process described later.
  • a method of changing the catalyst composition and (II) a method of changing the firing conditions.
  • (III) A method of changing the temperature lowering condition after firing
  • (IV) A method of controlling the catalyst and its precursor so as not to add mechanical strength in all steps of catalyst production
  • (V) Using a high-purity raw material.
  • the upper limit of e5 / b5 is 1.90, preferably 1.80, and the lower limit of e5 / b5 is 0.10, 0.50, in the desired order. 1.00, 1.40, 1.50, in the order desired as the upper limit of d5 / b5, 9.0, 8.0, 7.0, 6.0, in the order desired as the lower limit of d5 / b5. 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 5.5, 4.0, 3.0, 2.5 in the order desired as the upper limit of c5 / e5, and the lower limit of c5 / e5.
  • the temperature is 200 ° C. or higher and 600 ° C. or lower, preferably 300 ° C. or higher and 550 ° C. or lower, more preferably 460 ° C. or higher and 550 ° C. or lower, and 0. 5 hours or more, preferably 1 hour or more and 40 hours or less, more preferably 2 hours or more and 15 hours or less, most preferably 2 hours or more and 9 hours or less, and the atmosphere is such that the oxygen concentration is 10% by volume or more and 40% by volume or less. It is preferably 15% by volume or more and 30% by volume or less, and most preferably an air atmosphere.
  • the temperature of the catalyst surface from the maximum temperature reached during the firing step (pre-baking temperature or main firing temperature) to the temperature lowered to room temperature.
  • the rate of decrease (temperature lowering rate) is 1 ° C./min or more and 200 ° C./min or less, preferably 5 ° C./min or more and 150 ° C./min or less, more preferably 10 ° C./min or more and 120 ° C./min or less, most preferably 50.
  • the temperature is °C / min or more and 100 °C / min or less.
  • the temperature lowering method generally used industrially to achieve the above-mentioned temperature lowering rate range, for example, the method of exposing the catalyst after firing taken out from the firing furnace to an inert atmosphere or mist with an inert solvent, or sufficient cooling in advance. All techniques for rapidly moving the fired catalyst into the chamber are within the scope of this third aspect.
  • the method (IV) is a method of controlling the catalyst precursor and / or the granules formed in each step so as not to apply mechanical impact, shear stress, etc., which will be described later.
  • the preferred range of shear stress and the like is controlled to 100 kgf or less, preferably 50 kgf or less, more preferably 20 kgf or less, still more preferably 10 kgf or less, and most preferably 5 kgf or less.
  • the details of the method (V) are not limited as long as it uses a reagent-grade high-purity raw material, and for example, the content of sulfur and its compounds, lithium, halogen and its compounds, and lead is 10,000 ppm by weight or less. It is preferably 1000 ppm by weight or less, more preferably 100 ppm by weight, and most preferably 10 ppm by weight or less.
  • the method (VII) is a method in which the cobalt raw material and the nickel raw material are controlled so as to shorten the mixing, reaction, slurrying, and residence time in the blending kettle in the catalyst blending step described later, which is more specific.
  • There is no metal salt raw material other than molybdenum and alkali metal in the compounding pot and the method of shortening the residence time in the presence of cobalt raw material and nickel raw material, or the pH in the compounding pot takes a specific range.
  • This is a method for shortening the residence time in the presence of a cobalt raw material and a nickel raw material.
  • the residence time is preferably 24 hours, more preferably 1 hour, further preferably 30 minutes, and most preferably 10 minutes.
  • the pH range is 1 or more and 14 or less, preferably 2 or more and 10 or less, more preferably 2 or more and 8 or less, and most preferably 3 or more and 7 or less.
  • the concentration in mass% of the nitrate ion in the preparation liquid when the preparation is completed and the process proceeds to the next step is preferably 40% by mass or less, more preferably 35% by mass. Hereinafter, it is more preferably 30% by mass or less, and most preferably 25% by mass or less.
  • the starting material for the catalyst used in the filling method of the third aspect and each element constituting the pre-fired powder thereof is not particularly limited, but for example, the raw material for the molybdate component is molybdenum such as molybdenum trioxide. Oxides, molybdates, molybdic acids such as ammonium paramolybdate, ammonium metamolybdate or salts thereof, heteropolyacids containing molybdenum such as phosphomolybdic acid, silicate molybdate or salts thereof can be used.
  • bismuth nitrate bismuth carbonate, bismuth sulfate, bismuth salt such as bismuth acetate, bismuth trioxide, metal bismuth and the like
  • bismuth salt such as bismuth acetate, bismuth trioxide, metal bismuth and the like
  • These raw materials can be used as a solid or as a slurry of an aqueous solution, a nitric acid solution, or a bismuth compound produced from the aqueous solution, but it is preferable to use nitrate, a solution thereof, or a slurry produced from the solution.
  • Heteropolyacids, heteropolyacid salts, sulfates, hydroxides, organic acid salts, oxides or mixtures thereof may be used in combination, but ammonium salts and nitrates are preferably used.
  • the compounds containing these active ingredients may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the slurry liquid can be obtained by uniformly mixing each active ingredient-containing compound and water.
  • the amount of water used in the slurry liquid is not particularly limited as long as the total amount of the compound used can be completely dissolved or uniformly mixed.
  • the amount of water used may be appropriately determined in consideration of the drying method and drying conditions.
  • the amount of normal water used is 100 parts by mass or more and 2000 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total mass of the compound for preparing the slurry.
  • the amount of water may be large, but if it is too large, the energy cost of the drying process will be high, and there are many disadvantages such as the case where the water cannot be completely dried.
  • the slurry liquid of the source compound of each component element is a method of (a) mixing the above source compounds collectively, (b) a method of collectively mixing and then aging treatment, and (c) stepwise. It is preferable to prepare by a method of mixing, (d) a method of repeating the mixing and aging treatment stepwise, and a method of combining (a) to (d).
  • the above-mentioned aging means "processing an industrial raw material or a semi-finished product under specific conditions such as a certain period of time and a certain temperature to acquire, increase, or increase the required physical properties and chemical properties, or the progress of a predetermined reaction. It means "operation to measure such things”.
  • the above-mentioned constant time means a range of 5 minutes or more and 24 hours or less
  • the above-mentioned constant temperature means a range of an aqueous solution or an aqueous dispersion above room temperature and below the boiling point.
  • the method of (c) stepwise mixing is preferable in terms of the activity and yield of the catalyst finally obtained, and more preferably, each raw material to be mixed stepwise with the mother liquor is a completely dissolved solution.
  • the most preferable method is to mix various mixed solutions of alkali metal solution and nitrate with the mother liquor made of molybdenum raw material as a mixed solution or slurry.
  • the shape of the stirring blade of the stirrer used when mixing the essential active ingredients is not particularly limited, and the propeller blade, the turbine blade, the paddle blade, the inclined paddle blade, the screw blade, and the anchor blade are not particularly limited.
  • Ribbon blades, large lattice blades, and other arbitrary stirring blades can be used in one stage, or the same blade or different types of blades can be used in two or more stages in the vertical direction.
  • a baffle may be installed in the reaction tank as needed.
  • the drying method is not particularly limited as long as the slurry liquid can be completely dried, and examples thereof include drum drying, freeze drying, spray drying, and evaporation drying. Of these, in the third aspect, spray drying, which can dry the slurry liquid into powder or granules in a short time, is particularly preferable.
  • the drying temperature of spray drying varies depending on the concentration of the slurry liquid, the liquid feeding rate, and the like, but the temperature at the outlet of the dryer is generally 70 ° C. or higher and 150 ° C. or lower.
  • the catalyst precursor obtained as described above is pre-fired, molded, and then main-fired, so that the shape of the molded shape can be controlled and retained, and a catalyst having particularly excellent mechanical strength for industrial use can be obtained. It can be obtained and stable catalytic performance can be exhibited.
  • a supported molding method of supporting on a carrier such as silica or a non-supported molding method using no carrier can be adopted.
  • Specific molding methods include, for example, tableting molding, press molding, extrusion molding, granulation molding and the like.
  • the shape of the molded product for example, a columnar shape, a ring shape, a spherical shape, or the like can be appropriately selected in consideration of operating conditions, and the catalytically active component is supported on a spherical carrier, particularly an inert carrier such as silica or alumina.
  • a supported catalyst having an average particle size of 3.0 mm or more and 10.0 mm or less, preferably an average particle size of 3.0 mm or more and 8.0 mm or less is preferable.
  • a rolling granulation method As the supporting method, a rolling granulation method, a method using a centrifugal flow coating device, a wash coating method and the like are widely known, and the method is not particularly limited as long as the pre-baked powder can be uniformly supported on the carrier, but the catalyst.
  • the rolling granulation method is preferable in consideration of the production efficiency of the above. Specifically, in a device having a flat or uneven disk at the bottom of a fixed cylindrical container, the carrier charged in the container is rotated and revolved by rotating the disk at high speed. This is a method in which the powder component is supported on a carrier by vigorously stirring by repeating the exercise and adding a pre-baked powder to the stirring. In addition, it is preferable to use a binder for supporting.
  • binders that can be used include water, ethanol, methanol, propanol, polyhydric alcohol, polyvinyl alcohol of polymer binder, silica sol aqueous solution of inorganic binder, and the like, but ethanol, methanol, propanol, and polyhydric.
  • Alcohol is preferable, diol such as ethylene glycol and triol such as glycerin are more preferable, and an aqueous solution having a concentration of glycerin of 5% by mass or more is further preferable.
  • the amount of these binders used is usually 2 to 60 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the pre-baked powder, but 15 to 50 parts by mass is preferable in the case of an aqueous glycerin solution.
  • the binder and the pre-baked powder may be supplied to the molding machine alternately or at the same time. Further, at the time of molding, a small amount of known additives such as graphite and talc may be added.
  • the molding aid, pore-forming agent, and carrier added in molding all have the composition of the active ingredient in the third aspect regardless of whether or not the raw material is active in the sense of converting the raw material into some other product. It shall not be considered as an element.
  • the pre-firing method, pre-firing conditions, main firing method, and main firing conditions are not particularly limited, and known processing methods and conditions can be applied.
  • Preliminary firing and main firing are usually performed at 200 ° C. or higher and 600 ° C. or lower, preferably 300 ° C. or higher and 550 ° C. or lower, for 0.5 hours or longer, preferably under the flow of an oxygen-containing gas such as air or an inert gas. Perform in 1 hour or more and 40 hours or less.
  • the inert gas refers to a gas that does not reduce the reaction activity of the catalyst, and specific examples thereof include nitrogen, carbon dioxide, helium, and argon.
  • the optimum conditions for the main firing differ depending on the reaction conditions when the unsaturated aldehyde and / or the unsaturated carboxylic acid is produced using the catalyst, and the process parameters of the main firing step, that is, in the atmosphere. Since it is known to those skilled in the art to change the oxygen content, the maximum temperature reached, the firing time, etc., it falls under the category of the third aspect of the present invention. Further, the main firing step shall be performed after the above-mentioned pre-baking step, and the maximum reached temperature (main firing temperature) in the main firing step is higher than the maximum reached temperature (pre-baking temperature) in the above-mentioned pre-baking step. It shall be expensive.
  • the firing method is not particularly limited to a fluidized bed, rotary kiln, muffle furnace, tunnel firing furnace, etc., and an appropriate range should be selected in consideration of the final catalyst performance, mechanical strength, moldability, production efficiency, etc. Is.
  • the reaction tube filled by the catalyst filling method of the third aspect is preferably used as a reaction tube for producing an unsaturated aldehyde compound, an unsaturated carboxylic acid compound, or a conjugated diene compound, and more preferably. It is more preferably used as a reaction tube for producing an unsaturated aldehyde compound, and particularly preferably as a catalyst for producing achlorine from propylene.
  • catalyst species having different activities may be packed in multiple layers from the reaction tube inlet side to the reaction tube outlet side. It is known to those skilled in the art.
  • the second stage oxidation reaction is separately carried out to carry out the unsaturated carboxylic acid. Acid compounds can be obtained.
  • the catalyst of the second stage the catalyst of the third aspect of the present application can also be used, but it is preferably a catalyst containing a catalytically active component represented by the following formula (III-2). Mo 12 V a6 W b6 Cu c6 Sb d6 X6 e6 Y6 f6 Z6 g6 Oh6 ...
  • A6, b6, c6, d6, e6, f6, g6 and h6 represent the atomic ratio of each element, and a6 is 0 ⁇ for molybdenum atom 12.
  • a6 ⁇ 10 b6 is 0 ⁇ b6 ⁇ 10
  • c6 is 0 ⁇ c6 ⁇ 6
  • d6 is 0 ⁇ d6 ⁇ 10
  • e6 is 0 ⁇ e6 ⁇ 1
  • g6 is 0 ⁇ It represents g6 ⁇ 6, and h6 is the number of oxygen atoms required to satisfy the atomic value of each component.
  • a method for preparing a catalyst of this type for example, an oxide catalyst, a heteropolyacid or a catalyst having a salt structure thereof.
  • the raw materials that can be used in producing the catalyst are not particularly limited, and various materials can be used.
  • molybdenum oxides such as molybdenum trioxide, molybdates, molybdates such as ammonium molybdate or salts thereof
  • heteropolyacids containing molybdenum such as phosphomolybdic acid and silicate molybdate or salts thereof may be used. it can.
  • the raw material for the antimony component is not particularly limited, but antimony trioxide or antimony acetate is preferable.
  • the compounds containing these active ingredients may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the slurry liquid obtained above is dried to obtain a solid catalytically active ingredient.
  • the drying method is not particularly limited as long as the slurry liquid can be completely dried, and examples thereof include drum drying, freeze drying, spray drying, and evaporative drying, and the slurry liquid is dried into powder or granules in a short time. Spray drying that can be done is preferred.
  • the drying temperature of spray drying varies depending on the concentration of the slurry liquid, the liquid feeding rate, and the like, but the temperature at the outlet of the dryer is generally 70 to 150 ° C. Further, it is preferable to dry the slurry liquid dried product obtained at this time so that the average particle size is 10 to 700 ⁇ m.
  • the catalyst-active component solid of the second stage obtained as described above can be used as it is in the coating mixture, but it is preferable because the moldability may be improved by firing.
  • the firing method and firing conditions are not particularly limited, and known processing methods and conditions can be applied. The optimum firing conditions vary depending on the catalyst raw material used, the catalyst composition, the preparation method, and the like, but the firing temperature is usually 100 to 350 ° C., preferably 150 to 300 ° C., and the firing time is 1 to 20 hours.
  • the firing is usually carried out in an air atmosphere, but may be carried out in an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, helium, or argon, or further after firing in an inert gas atmosphere, if necessary.
  • the firing may be performed in an air atmosphere.
  • the calcined solid thus obtained is preferably pulverized before molding.
  • the crushing method is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use a ball mill.
  • the compound containing the active ingredient in preparing the slurry of the second stage does not necessarily have to contain all the active ingredients, and some of the components may be used before the following molding step. ..
  • the shape of the catalyst in the second stage is not particularly limited, and it is molded into a columnar shape, a tablet, a ring shape, a spherical shape, or the like in order to reduce the pressure loss of the reaction gas in the oxidation reaction.
  • it is particularly preferable to support the catalytically active component solid on an inert carrier and use it as a supported catalyst.
  • the rolling granulation method described below is preferable for this support. In this method, for example, in a device having a flat or uneven disk at the bottom of a fixed container, the carrier in the container is vigorously agitated by repeating rotation and revolution by rotating the disk at high speed.
  • the method of adding the binder is as follows: 1) the carrier mixture is mixed in advance, 2) the carrier mixture is added at the same time as being added into the fixed container, and 3) the carrier mixture is added after being added into the fixed container. 4) Addition of the supporting mixture before adding it into the fixed container, 5) Dividing the supporting mixture and the binder, and adding the total amount of 2) to 4) in appropriate combinations can be arbitrarily adopted. ..
  • the addition rate is adjusted by using an auto feeder or the like so that the supporting mixture does not adhere to the wall of the fixed container and the supporting mixture does not aggregate with each other and a predetermined amount is supported on the carrier.
  • the binder include water, ethanol, polyhydric alcohol, polyvinyl alcohol as a high molecular weight binder, celluloses such as crystalline cellulose, methyl cellulose and ethyl cellulose, and an aqueous solution of silica sol as an inorganic binder, such as celluloses and ethylene glycol.
  • Diol, triol such as glycerin, and the like are preferable, and an aqueous solution having a concentration of glycerin of 5% by mass or more is particularly preferable.
  • the amount of these binders used is usually 2 to 60 parts by mass, preferably 10 to 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the supporting mixture.
  • the carrier in the above-mentioned carrier include spherical carriers having a diameter of 1 to 15 mm, preferably 2.5 to 10 mm, such as silicon carbide, alumina, silica alumina, mullite, and arandom. These carriers are usually used having a porosity of 10 to 70%.
  • the ratio of the carrier to the supporting mixture is usually 10 to 75% by mass, preferably 15 to 60% by mass of the supporting mixture / (supporting mixture + carrier). When the proportion of the supporting mixture is large, the reaction activity of the supporting catalyst is large, but the mechanical strength tends to be small. On the contrary, when the proportion of the supporting mixture is small, the mechanical strength tends to be large, but the reaction activity tends to be small.
  • examples of the molding aid used as necessary include silica gel, diatomaceous earth, and alumina powder.
  • the amount of the molding aid used is usually 1 to 60 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the catalytically active component solid.
  • using a catalyst active component solid and an inorganic fiber (for example, ceramic fiber or whiskers) inactive with respect to the reaction gas as a strength improver is useful for improving the mechanical strength of the catalyst. Glass fiber is preferred.
  • the amount of these fibers used is usually 1 to 30 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the catalytically active component solid.
  • the molding aid, the pore forming agent, and the carrier added may or may not be active in the sense of converting the raw material into some other product. It shall not be considered as a constituent element of the active ingredient in this third aspect.
  • the supported catalyst obtained as described above can be used as it is as a catalyst for the vapor phase catalytic oxidation reaction, but it is preferable because the catalytic activity may be improved by firing.
  • the firing method and firing conditions are not particularly limited, and known processing methods and conditions can be applied. The optimum firing conditions vary depending on the catalyst raw material used, the catalyst composition, the preparation method, and the like, but the firing temperature is usually 100 to 450 ° C., preferably 270 to 420 ° C., and the firing time is 1 to 20 hours.
  • the firing is usually carried out in an air atmosphere, but may be carried out in an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, helium, or argon, or further after firing in an inert gas atmosphere, if necessary.
  • the firing may be performed in an air atmosphere.
  • the catalyst of the third aspect is a reaction for producing the corresponding unsaturated aldehyde and unsaturated carboxylic acid using propylene, isobutylene, t-butyl alcohol, etc. as raw materials, and in particular, propylene is vaporized by molecular oxygen or a gas containing molecular oxygen.
  • propylene is vaporized by molecular oxygen or a gas containing molecular oxygen.
  • the catalyst of this third aspect is also effective in reducing by-products that adversely affect the environment and the quality of the final product, such as carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), acetaldehyde, acetic acid, and formaldehyde. is there.
  • the catalyst of the third aspect thus obtained can be used, for example, in producing acrolein and / or acrylic acid by vapor-phase catalytic oxidation of propylene with a molecular oxygen-containing gas.
  • the distribution method of the raw material gas may be an ordinary single distribution method or a recycling method, and can be carried out under generally used conditions, and is not particularly limited.
  • propylene as a starting material is 1 to 10% by volume, preferably 4 to 9% by volume
  • molecular oxygen is 3 to 20% by volume, preferably 4 to 18% by volume
  • water vapor is 0 to 60% by volume at room temperature.
  • reaction On the catalyst of the third side surface filled with a mixed gas preferably containing 4 to 50% by volume and 20 to 80% by volume, preferably 30 to 60% by volume of an inert gas such as carbon dioxide or nitrogen in the reaction tube.
  • a mixed gas preferably containing 4 to 50% by volume and 20 to 80% by volume, preferably 30 to 60% by volume of an inert gas such as carbon dioxide or nitrogen in the reaction tube.
  • the reaction is carried out by introducing at a space speed of 300 to 5000 h-1 at 250 to 450 ° C. under a pressure of normal pressure to 10 atm.
  • the improvement of the catalytic activity means that the raw material conversion rate is high when the catalytic reaction is carried out at the same reaction bath temperature and the comparison is made unless otherwise specified.
  • the high yield in the third aspect means that when an oxidation reaction is carried out using propylene, isobutylene, t-butyl alcohol or the like as a raw material, the corresponding unsaturated aldehyde and / or unsaturated It means that the total yield of carboxylic acid is high. Unless otherwise specified, the yield refers to the effective yield described later.
  • the constituent elements of the catalyst active component refer to all the elements used in the catalyst manufacturing process unless otherwise specified, but disappear, sublimate, volatilize, and burn at the maximum temperature or less in the main firing process.
  • Raw materials and their constituent elements shall not be included in the constituent elements of the active component of the catalyst.
  • the elements constituting the molding aid and the carrier in the molding process and other inorganic materials are not included as the constituent elements of the active ingredient of the catalyst.
  • the hot spot temperature is the maximum temperature of the temperature distribution in the catalyst packed bed in which the thermocouple is installed in the long axis direction in the multi-tube reaction tube, and the reaction bath temperature is the reaction tube. It is the set temperature of the heat medium used for the purpose of cooling the heat generated by.
  • the number of points for measuring the temperature distribution is not particularly limited, but for example, the catalyst filling length is evenly divided from 10 to 1000.
  • the unsaturated aldehyde and the unsaturated aldehyde compound are organic compounds having at least one double bond and at least one aldehyde in the molecule, and are, for example, acrolein and methacrolein.
  • the unsaturated carboxylic acid and the unsaturated carboxylic acid compound are organic compounds having at least one double bond and at least one carboxy group in the molecule, or an ester group thereof, for example, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and the like. It is methyl methacrylate.
  • the conjugated diene is a diene in which a double bond is separated by one single bond and chemically conjugated, for example, 1,3-butadiene.
  • Bi means bismuth among the constituent elements of the catalytically active component, unless otherwise specified.
  • Mo means molybdenum
  • Fe means iron
  • Co means cobalt
  • Ni nickel
  • K means potassium
  • Cs means cesium.
  • Raw material conversion rate (%) (number of moles of reacted propylene, t-butyl alcohol, isobutylene or butene) / (number of moles of supplied propylene, t-butyl alcohol, isobutylene or butene) x 100
  • Effective yield (%) (total number of moles of acrolein and acrylic acid produced, or total number of moles of methacrolein and methacrylic acid produced) / (number of moles of supplied propylene, t-butyl alcohol or isobutylene) ⁇ 100
  • Butadiene yield (%) (total number of moles of butadiene produced) / (number of moles of butene supplied) x 100
  • Effective selectivity (%) (total number of moles of acrolein and acrylic acid produced, total number of moles of methacrolein and methacrylic acid produced, or total number of moles of butadiene produced) / (reacted propy
  • the firing time described in each of the following examples means the holding time from the time when each firing temperature is reached, in which the temperature raising time and the temperature lowering time are not included.
  • Example I-1 As MoO 3 , 100 parts by mass of ammonium heptamolybdate having a purity of 81% was completely dissolved in 380 parts by mass of pure water heated to 60 ° C. (mother solution 1). Next, 0.17 parts by mass of potassium nitrate having a purity of 99.0% was dissolved in 1.9 parts by mass of pure water and added to the mother liquor 1. Next, pure water 85 in which 37 parts by mass of ferric nitrate having a purity of 99.5%, 90 parts by mass of cobalt nitrate having a purity of 99.0%, and 33 parts by mass of nickel nitrate having a purity of 99.9% were heated to 60 ° C.
  • Example I-2 100 parts by mass of ammonium heptamolybdate was completely dissolved in 380 parts by mass of pure water heated to 60 ° C. (mother solution 1). Next, 0.37 parts by mass of potassium nitrate was dissolved in 3.5 parts by mass of pure water and added to the mother liquor 1. Next, 28 parts by mass of ferric nitrate, 81 parts by mass of cobalt nitrate and 47 parts by mass of nickel nitrate were dissolved in 82 parts by mass of pure water heated to 60 ° C. and added to the mother liquor 1.
  • Example I-3 100 parts by mass of ammonium heptamolybdate was completely dissolved in 380 parts by mass of pure water heated to 60 ° C. (mother solution 1). Next, 0.37 parts by mass of potassium nitrate was dissolved in 3.5 parts by mass of pure water and added to the mother liquor 1. Next, 31 parts by mass of ferric nitrate, 81 parts by mass of cobalt nitrate and 44 parts by mass of nickel nitrate were dissolved in 82 parts by mass of pure water heated to 60 ° C. and added to the mother liquor 1.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an X-ray diffraction pattern of the catalyst I-3.
  • Example I-4 100 parts by mass of ammonium heptamolybdate was completely dissolved in 380 parts by mass of pure water heated to 60 ° C. (mother solution 1). Next, 0.37 parts by mass of potassium nitrate was dissolved in 3.5 parts by mass of pure water and added to the mother liquor 1. Next, 33 parts by mass of ferric nitrate, 70 parts by mass of cobalt nitrate and 49 parts by mass of nickel nitrate were dissolved in 81 parts by mass of pure water heated to 60 ° C. and added to the mother liquor 1.
  • Example I-5 100 parts by mass of ammonium heptamolybdate was completely dissolved in 380 parts by mass of pure water heated to 60 ° C. (mother solution 1). Next, 0.56 parts by mass of potassium nitrate was dissolved in 5.3 parts by mass of pure water and added to the mother liquor 1. Next, 33 parts by mass of ferric nitrate, 81 parts by mass of cobalt nitrate and 44 parts by mass of nickel nitrate were dissolved in 84 parts by mass of pure water heated to 60 ° C. and added to the mother liquor 1.
  • a 33% by mass glycerin solution was used as a binder by a rolling granulation method, and the loading ratio was 50% by mass on an inert carrier. It was supported and molded into a spherical shape so as to be%.
  • the spherical molded product having a particle size of 5.3 mm thus obtained was subjected to main firing under the conditions of 530 ° C. for 4 hours to obtain a catalyst I-7.
  • the X-ray diffraction angle (2 ⁇ ) of the catalyst I-7 was measured.
  • the oxidation reaction of propylene was carried out by the following method to determine the raw material conversion rate and the effective yield.
  • a mixed gas of .0: 2.6: 8.3: 7.4 was introduced at a propylene space velocity of 100 hr -1 for all catalysts in the reaction tube, and the propylene oxidation reaction was carried out. After the aging reaction at the reaction bath temperature of 315 ° C.
  • Table 1 also shows the above-mentioned S, S1, S2, S3, and S4.
  • Example I-6 100 parts by mass of ammonium heptamolybdate was completely dissolved in 380 parts by mass of pure water heated to 80 ° C. (mother solution 1). Next, 1.38 parts by mass of cesium nitrate was dissolved in 15.0 parts by mass of pure water and added to the mother liquor 1. Next, 37 parts by mass of ferric nitrate, 99 parts by mass of cobalt nitrate and 11 parts by mass of nickel nitrate were dissolved in 78 parts by mass of pure water heated to 60 ° C. and added to the mother liquor 1.
  • a 33% by mass glycerin solution was used as a binder by a rolling granulation method, and the loading ratio was 50% by mass on an inert carrier. It was supported and molded into a spherical shape so as to be%.
  • the spherical molded product having a particle size of 4.4 mm thus obtained was subjected to main firing under the conditions of 520 ° C. for 4 hours to obtain a catalyst I-10.
  • the X-ray diffraction angle (2 ⁇ ) of the catalyst I-10 was measured.
  • Example I-7 100 parts by mass of ammonium heptamolybdate was completely dissolved in 380 parts by mass of pure water heated to 80 ° C. (mother solution 1). Next, 0.48 parts by mass of potassium nitrate was dissolved in 48.0 parts by mass of pure water and added to the mother liquor 1. Next, 38 parts by mass of ferric nitrate, 88 parts by mass of cobalt nitrate and 34 parts by mass of nickel nitrate were dissolved in 85 parts by mass of pure water heated to 60 ° C. and added to the mother liquor 1.
  • a 33% by mass glycerin solution was used as a binder by a rolling granulation method, and the carrier was supported on an inert carrier by 50% by mass. It was supported and molded into a spherical shape so as to be%.
  • the spherical molded product having a particle size of 5.3 mm thus obtained was subjected to main firing under the conditions of 535 ° C. for 4 hours to obtain a catalyst I-12.
  • the X-ray diffraction angle (2 ⁇ ) of the catalyst I-12 was measured.
  • the oxidation reaction of propylene was carried out by the following method, and the raw material conversion rate and the effective yield were determined.
  • Table 4 also shows the above-mentioned S, S1, S2, S3, and S4.
  • Raw material conversion rate (%) (number of moles of reacted propylene, t-butyl alcohol, isobutylene or butene) / (number of moles of supplied propylene, t-butyl alcohol, isobutylene or butene) x 100
  • Effective selectivity (%) (total number of moles of acrolein and acrylic acid produced, or total number of moles of methacrolein and methacrylic acid produced) / (number of moles of reacted propylene, t-butyl alcohol or isobutylene) x 100
  • Butadiene selectivity (%) (total number of moles of butadiene produced) / (number of moles of reacted butene) x 100
  • Support rate (mass%) (mass of pre-baked powder used for molding) / ⁇ (mass of pre-baked powder used for molding) + (mass of carrier used for molding) ⁇ ⁇ 100
  • the firing time described in each of the following examples means the holding time from the time when each firing temperature is reached, in which the temperature raising time and the temperature lowering time are not included.
  • the aging treatment described later means that a reaction tube having a specified thickness is filled with a catalyst, propylene is flowed at a specified flow rate, and an oxidation reaction is carried out for a specified period.
  • the temperature of the reaction bath at this time is an arbitrary temperature, but the lower limit is 300 ° C.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an X-ray diffraction pattern of the catalyst II-1-1.
  • S3 was 13.5.
  • Example II-1 The catalyst II-1-1 was filled in a stainless steel reaction tube having an inner diameter of 25 mm, and subjected to 6600 hr aging treatment under the conditions of a propylene concentration of 8% by volume and a propylene space velocity of 160 hr-1 with respect to all the catalysts in the reaction tube.
  • the maximum temperature of the catalyst layer in the reaction tube during the aging treatment was 428 ° C., and the minimum oxygen concentration of the gas at the outlet of the reaction tube was 4.2% by volume. Then, it was taken out from the reaction tube to obtain a catalyst II-1-2.
  • the X-ray diffraction angle (2 ⁇ ) of the catalyst II-1-2 was measured.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an X-ray diffraction pattern of the catalyst II-1-2.
  • the catalyst II-1-1 was filled in a stainless steel reaction tube having an inner diameter of 25 mm, and subjected to 1300 hr aging treatment under the conditions of a propylene concentration of 8% by volume and a propylene space velocity of 160 hr-1 with respect to all the catalysts in the reaction tube.
  • the maximum temperature of the catalyst layer in the reaction tube during the aging treatment was 444 ° C., and the minimum oxygen concentration of the gas at the outlet of the reaction tube was 4.8% by volume. Then, it was taken out from the reaction tube and the catalyst II-1-3 was obtained.
  • the X-ray diffraction angle (2 ⁇ ) of the catalyst II-1-3 was measured.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an X-ray diffraction pattern of the catalyst II 1-3.
  • Table 5 shows the reaction bath temperature, raw material conversion rate, effective selectivity and XRD measurement results of catalyst II-1-1, and the reaction bath temperature, raw material conversion rate and effective of catalysts II-1-2 and II-1-. The results of selectivity and XRD measurement are shown in Table 6.
  • Table 7 shows the amount of decrease in the effective selectivity per 1000 hours of the reaction time, Q1 and D1, in consideration of the reaction time T (hr) in which the oxidation reaction was carried out.
  • Example II-2 The catalyst II-2-1 was filled in a stainless steel reaction tube having an inner diameter of 25 mm, and subjected to 26000 hr aging treatment under the conditions of a propylene concentration of 8% by volume and a propylene space velocity of 95 hr-1 with respect to all the catalysts in the reaction tube.
  • the maximum temperature of the catalyst layer in the reaction tube during the aging treatment was 384 ° C., and the minimum oxygen concentration of the gas at the outlet of the reaction tube was 3.9% by volume. Then, it was taken out from the reaction tube to obtain a catalyst II-2-2.
  • the X-ray diffraction angle (2 ⁇ ) of the catalyst II-2-2 was measured.
  • a mixed gas of 0.0 was introduced at a propylene space velocity of 400 hr-1 with respect to all the catalysts in the reaction tube, and an oxidation reaction of propylene was carried out.
  • the reaction tube outlet gas was analyzed between 100 hr and 150 hr from the start of introduction of propylene.
  • Table 8 shows the reaction bath temperature, raw material conversion rate, effective selectivity and XRD measurement results of catalyst II-2-1, and the reaction bath temperature, raw material conversion rate, effective selectivity and XRD measurement of catalyst II-2-2.
  • Table 9 shows the results, and Table 10 shows the amounts of decrease in the effective selectivity per 1000 hours of the reaction time in consideration of the reaction time T (hr) in which the oxidation reaction was carried out, Q1 and D1.
  • the catalyst is taken out from the reaction tube, the inlet side half of the catalyst on the reaction tube inlet side is used as catalyst II-1-4, the outlet side half is used as catalyst II-1-5, and 50 cm of the catalyst inlet side on the reaction tube outlet side is used as a catalyst. Obtained as II-3-2.
  • the propylene was introduced at a propylene space velocity of 70 hr -1 for all catalysts, and the oxidation reaction of propylene was carried out.
  • the reaction tube outlet gas was analyzed between 20 hr and 24 hr from the start of introduction of propylene. Table 11 shows the activity and yield of each catalyst before and after use, and Q1 and D1.
  • the differential pressure in the reaction tube was 50 kPaG on average, and during the reaction , nitrogen purging of about 700 hr in terms of SV 500 hr -1 was carried out a total of 4 times.
  • the catalyst was taken out and the catalyst on the inlet side of the reaction tube was obtained as catalyst II-1-6.
  • the X-ray diffraction angle (2 ⁇ ) of each catalyst was measured.
  • the propylene was introduced at a propylene space velocity of 70 hr- 1 for all catalysts, and the oxidation reaction of propylene was carried out.
  • the reaction tube outlet gas was analyzed between 20 hr and 24 hr from the start of introduction of propylene. Table 12 shows the activity and yield of each catalyst before and after use, and Q1 and D1.
  • the firing time described in each of the following examples means the holding time from the time when each firing temperature is reached, in which the temperature raising time and the temperature lowering time are not included.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an X-ray diffraction pattern of the catalyst III-1.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an X-ray diffraction pattern of the catalyst III-2.
  • Example III-1 A reactor consisting of a stainless steel reaction tube having a total length of 5000 mm and a shell for flowing a heat medium covering the reaction tube was prepared in the vertical direction. 800 mm as a diluted catalyst layer in which the catalyst III-1 (first layer) is 80% by mass and the inert carrier having a particle size of 5.3 mm is 20% by mass from the inlet side to the outlet side of the reaction gas. The reaction zone having a total layer length of 3500 mm was reacted by sequentially dropping from the upper part of the reaction tube so that the (second layer) catalyst III-1 was 800 mm and the (third layer) catalyst III-2 was 1900 mm. The tube was filled.
  • Example III-1 the catalyst was filled in the stainless steel reaction tube in exactly the same manner except that the third layer was the catalyst III-3. Then, aging was carried out in exactly the same manner as in Example III-1, and a propylene oxidation reaction was carried out. The results are shown in Table 14.
  • Example III-2 the catalyst was filled in exactly the same manner except that the gas outlet side was used as the catalyst III-4, and the oxidation reaction of propylene was carried out. The results are shown in Table 14.
  • Example III-3 In Example III-2, the catalyst was filled in exactly the same manner except that the gas outlet side was used as the catalyst III-5, and the oxidation reaction of propylene was carried out. The results are shown in Table 16.
  • Example III-3 In Example III-2, the catalyst was filled in exactly the same manner except that the gas inlet side was the catalyst III-6 and the gas outlet side was the catalyst III-5, and the oxidation reaction of propylene was carried out. The results are shown in Table 16.
  • Example III-4 In Example III-2, the catalyst was filled in exactly the same manner except that the gas outlet side was the catalyst III-7, and the oxidation reaction of propylene was carried out. The results are shown in Table 16.
  • Comparative Example III-4 In Comparative Example III-3, the catalyst was filled in exactly the same manner except that the gas outlet side was used as the catalyst III-7, and the oxidation reaction of propylene was carried out. The results are shown in Table 16.
  • Example III-5 In Example III-2, the catalyst was filled in exactly the same manner except that the gas outlet side was used as the catalyst III-8, and the oxidation reaction of propylene was carried out. The results are shown in Table 16.
  • Comparative Example III-5 In Comparative Example III-3, the catalyst was filled in exactly the same manner except that the gas outlet side was used as the catalyst III-8, and the oxidation reaction of propylene was carried out. The results are shown in Table 16.
  • Example III-6 In Example III-2, the catalyst was filled in exactly the same manner except that the gas outlet side was used as the catalyst III-9, and the oxidation reaction of propylene was carried out. The results are shown in Table 16.
  • Comparative Example III-6 In Comparative Example III-3, the catalyst was filled in exactly the same manner except that the gas outlet side was used as the catalyst III-9, and the oxidation reaction of propylene was carried out. The results are shown in Table 16.
  • Example III-7 In Example III-2, the catalyst was filled in exactly the same manner except that the gas outlet side was the catalyst III-10, and the oxidation reaction of propylene was carried out. The results are shown in Table 16.
  • Comparative Example III-7 In Comparative Example III-3, the catalyst was filled in exactly the same manner except that the gas outlet side was the catalyst III-10, and the oxidation reaction of propylene was carried out. The results are shown in Table 16.
  • Example III-8 In Example III-2, the catalyst was filled in exactly the same manner except that the gas outlet side was the catalyst III-11, and the oxidation reaction of propylene was carried out. The results are shown in Table 16.
  • Comparative Example III-8 In Comparative Example III-3, the catalyst was filled in exactly the same manner except that the gas outlet side was the catalyst III-11, and the oxidation reaction of propylene was carried out. The results are shown in Table 16.
  • Example III-9 In Example III-2, the catalyst was filled in exactly the same manner except that the gas outlet side was the catalyst III-12, and the oxidation reaction of propylene was carried out. The results are shown in Table 16.
  • Comparative Example III-9 In Comparative Example III-3, the catalyst was filled in exactly the same manner except that the gas outlet side was the catalyst III-12, and the oxidation reaction of propylene was carried out. The results are shown in Table 16.

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