WO2021135679A1 - 空调外风机的转速控制方法 - Google Patents

空调外风机的转速控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021135679A1
WO2021135679A1 PCT/CN2020/128703 CN2020128703W WO2021135679A1 WO 2021135679 A1 WO2021135679 A1 WO 2021135679A1 CN 2020128703 W CN2020128703 W CN 2020128703W WO 2021135679 A1 WO2021135679 A1 WO 2021135679A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
external fan
rotation speed
air conditioner
preset
controlling
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PCT/CN2020/128703
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
宋德跃
张铭
张晓迪
孙猛猛
Original Assignee
青岛海尔空调电子有限公司
海尔智家股份有限公司
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Application filed by 青岛海尔空调电子有限公司, 海尔智家股份有限公司 filed Critical 青岛海尔空调电子有限公司
Priority to EP20910026.2A priority Critical patent/EP4086531A4/en
Publication of WO2021135679A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021135679A1/zh

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/62Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
    • F24F11/63Electronic processing
    • F24F11/64Electronic processing using pre-stored data
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/62Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
    • F24F11/63Electronic processing
    • F24F11/65Electronic processing for selecting an operating mode
    • F24F11/67Switching between heating and cooling modes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/72Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure
    • F24F11/74Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity
    • F24F11/77Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity by controlling the speed of ventilators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/80Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
    • F24F11/87Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling absorption or discharge of heat in outdoor units
    • F24F11/871Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling absorption or discharge of heat in outdoor units by controlling outdoor fans
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F24F2110/10Temperature
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F24F2110/10Temperature
    • F24F2110/12Temperature of the outside air
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2140/00Control inputs relating to system states
    • F24F2140/10Pressure
    • F24F2140/12Heat-exchange fluid pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2140/00Control inputs relating to system states
    • F24F2140/20Heat-exchange fluid temperature
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/70Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of air conditioning, in particular to a method for controlling the speed of an external fan of an air conditioner.
  • the speed control of the external fan of the air conditioner is basically based on the high and low pressure of the system or the temperature of the indoor unit coil.
  • the external fan of the air conditioner is a DC fan.
  • the speed of the DC fan is adjusted based on the detected system pressure or the temperature of the indoor unit coil, so that the speed is consistent with the current system pressure or coil temperature. adapt.
  • the invention with publication number CN109883019A discloses a method and device for controlling the air volume of an air-conditioning system.
  • the application adjusts the speed of the external fan according to the actual pressure of the system to reduce the heat exchange between the refrigerant and the environment and ensure The purpose of the reliability and comfort of the air conditioning system.
  • the speed of the fan is divided into multiple gears for adjustment.
  • the gears are not set too much. Therefore, the speed range of the air-conditioning fan itself will vary between each gear.
  • the present invention provides a method for controlling the speed of the external air blower of the air conditioner.
  • the air conditioner includes a compressor and an outdoor heat exchange.
  • the outdoor heat exchanger is equipped with the external fan, and the speed control method includes:.
  • the pressure value is a high pressure value
  • the preset pressure threshold value is a preset high pressure threshold value
  • the rotation speed of the external fan is controlled to decrease by the rotation speed adjustment amount.
  • the pressure value is a low pressure value
  • the preset pressure threshold value is a preset low pressure threshold value
  • the rotation speed of the external fan is controlled to decrease by the rotation speed adjustment amount.
  • the rotation speed control method further includes:
  • the rotation speed control method further includes:
  • the rotation speed control method further includes:
  • the external fan is controlled to start.
  • the rotation speed control method further includes:
  • the external fan is controlled to start.
  • the rotation speed control method further includes:
  • the preset high pressure threshold is corrected.
  • the rotation speed control method further includes:
  • the preset low pressure threshold is corrected.
  • the rotation speed adjustment amount is greater than the rotation speed error of the external fan.
  • the air conditioner includes a compressor and an outdoor heat exchanger.
  • the outdoor heat exchanger is equipped with an external fan.
  • the speed control method includes: obtaining the compressor after the external fan is started.
  • the pressure value of the refrigerant pipeline between and the outdoor heat exchanger compare the pressure value with the preset pressure threshold; based on the comparison result, selectively control the rotation speed of the external fan to increase or decrease a rotation speed adjustment amount; among them, the preset The pressure threshold is determined based on the outdoor ambient temperature.
  • the control method of the present application can realize the stepless speed regulation of the external fan, so that the rotation speed of the external fan is consistent with the air conditioning system. Match the pressure value of the air-conditioning system to reduce the influence of the speed of the external fan on the pressure of the air-conditioning system and ensure the stable operation of the air-conditioning system.
  • the preset pressure threshold value based on the outdoor environment temperature, it can be ensured that the preset pressure threshold value matches the current outdoor environment temperature, so that the air conditioner after the rotation speed adjustment of the outdoor fan operates in the best state at the current outdoor environment temperature.
  • the air conditioning system can always work in a better state and prevent the exhaust from overheating. Or it is too low to adversely affect the operation of the system.
  • the preset low-pressure threshold based on the degree of suction superheat, and then further adjusting the speed of the external fan based on the revised preset low-pressure threshold, the air-conditioning system can always work in a better state and prevent the suction from overheating. Or too low to cause adverse effects on system operation.
  • the rotation speed adjustment amount is set to be greater than the rotation speed error of the external fan, the rotation speed adjustment of the external fan can be effectively performed every time, and the phenomenon of "false adjustment" of the rotation speed can be avoided.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the air conditioner system of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a flow chart of the method for controlling the rotation speed of the external fan of the air conditioner according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the initial speed of the external fan and the outdoor ambient temperature during the cooling operation of the air conditioner of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the preset high pressure threshold and the outdoor ambient temperature during the cooling operation of the air conditioner according to the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a logic diagram of the rotation speed control of the external fan during the cooling operation of the air conditioner of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the initial rotation speed of the external fan and the outdoor ambient temperature during the heating operation of the air conditioner of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the relationship between the preset low pressure threshold and the outdoor ambient temperature during the heating operation of the air conditioner of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a logic diagram of the rotation speed control of the external fan during heating operation of the air conditioner of the present invention.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • it can be a fixed connection or a fixed connection.
  • It can be a detachable connection or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication between the two components.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • it can be a fixed connection or a fixed connection.
  • It can be a detachable connection or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication between the two components.
  • the specific meaning of the above-mentioned terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific situation.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the air conditioner system of the present invention.
  • the air conditioner of the present application includes a compressor 1, a four-way valve 2, an outdoor heat exchanger 3, an electronic expansion valve 4, an indoor heat exchanger 5, and a gas-liquid separator 6 connected by a refrigerant pipeline.
  • the heat exchanger is equipped with an external fan 7 and the indoor heat exchanger is equipped with an internal fan 8.
  • the DC fan is selected as the external fan 7 in this application.
  • the exhaust port of the compressor 1 is connected to the port d of the four-way valve 2
  • the port c of the four-way valve 2 is connected to the inlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 3
  • the outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 3 Connected with the inlet of the electronic expansion valve 4, the outlet of the electronic expansion valve 4 is connected with the inlet of the indoor heat exchanger 5, the outlet of the indoor heat exchanger 5 is connected with the port e of the four-way valve 2, and the port s of the four-way valve 2 is connected with
  • the inlet pipe of the gas-liquid separator 6 is in communication, and the outlet pipe of the gas-liquid separator 6 is in communication with the suction port of the compressor 1.
  • a high pressure sensor 9 is provided on the refrigerant pipeline connected to the compressor discharge port
  • a low pressure sensor 10 is provided on the refrigerant pipeline connected to the intake pipe of the gas-liquid separator.
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the method for controlling the rotation speed of the external fan of the air conditioner according to the present invention.
  • the speed control method of the air conditioner external fan of the present application mainly includes the following steps:
  • the refrigerant pipeline between compressor 1 and outdoor heat exchanger 3 When the air conditioner operates in refrigeration mode, the refrigerant pipeline between compressor 1 and outdoor heat exchanger 3 is compressed The refrigerant pipeline connected to the exhaust port of the unit 1, the pressure collected at this time is the pressure of the high pressure sensor 9; when the air conditioner is operating in heating mode, the refrigerant pipeline between the compressor 1 and the outdoor heat exchanger 3 is compressed The intake port of the machine 1 is further a refrigerant pipeline connected to the intake pipe of the gas-liquid separator 6. The pressure collected at this time is the pressure of the low pressure sensor 10.
  • the preset pressure threshold is determined based on the outdoor ambient temperature.
  • the preset pressure threshold may be Determine as follows: When the air conditioner is running in the cooling mode, adjust the working parameters of each component of the air conditioner (such as compressor frequency, expansion valve opening, external fan speed, etc.) to make the air conditioner in a better operating state, and record the compressor at this time
  • the high pressure pressure on the refrigerant pipeline connected to the exhaust port is used as the preset high pressure threshold under the current outdoor ambient temperature.
  • the heating mode is similar to this, which uses the low pressure when the air conditioner is in a better operating state as the preset low pressure threshold under the current outdoor ambient temperature.
  • the rotation speed adjustment amount can be a smaller rotation speed value, for example, the rotation speed adjustment amount can be 5-20 rpm (Revolutions Per Minute, Any value in the rotational speed per minute), the rotational speed value is much smaller than the rotational speed difference between the fan gears in the prior art.
  • the high pressure value is greater than the preset high pressure threshold, which proves that the discharge pressure of the compressor is too high at this time, which is not conducive to the stable operation of the air conditioner.
  • the speed of the external fan to increase a speed adjustment, such as speed Increase 10rpm to increase the heat exchange of the outdoor unit and reduce the discharge pressure of the compressor; when the high pressure value is less than the preset high pressure threshold, it proves that the discharge pressure of the compressor is too low at this time, and the compressor may have liquid hammer Risk, at this time, by controlling the speed of the external fan to reduce a speed adjustment, such as reducing 10rpm, to reduce the heat exchange of the outdoor unit and increase the discharge pressure of the compressor.
  • the rotation speed of the external fan can be changed by adjusting the voltage or excitation current of the DC motor of the external fan. The adjustment method is now relatively mature and will not be repeated here.
  • the control method of the present application can realize the stepless speed regulation of the external fan, so that the rotation speed of the external fan is consistent with the air conditioning system.
  • Match the pressure value of the air-conditioning system to reduce the influence of the speed of the external fan on the pressure of the air-conditioning system and ensure the stable operation of the air-conditioning system.
  • the preset pressure threshold value based on the outdoor environment temperature, it can be ensured that the preset pressure threshold value matches the current outdoor environment temperature, so that the air conditioner after the rotation speed adjustment of the outdoor fan operates in the best state at the current outdoor environment temperature.
  • FIGS. 3, 4, and 5 the rotation speed control method of the present application will be described by taking the cooling mode of air-conditioning operation as an example.
  • 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the initial rotation speed of the external fan during the cooling operation of the air conditioner and outdoor ambient temperature
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the preset high pressure threshold value during the cooling operation of the air conditioner and the outdoor environment temperature according to the present invention
  • the speed control logic diagram of the external fan during the cooling operation of the air conditioner is a diagram showing the relationship between the initial rotation speed of the external fan during the cooling operation of the air conditioner and outdoor ambient temperature
  • the speed control logic diagram of the external fan during the cooling operation of the air conditioner.
  • the speed control method further includes: obtaining the indoor ambient temperature; calculating the difference between the indoor ambient temperature and the set temperature; When conditions, control the external fan to start.
  • the air conditioner receives the cooling operation command, it first obtains the indoor ambient temperature through the temperature sensor installed in the room, and then determines the size between the indoor ambient temperature and the user's set temperature. When the indoor ambient temperature and the set temperature are different When the difference is greater than zero, it proves that the indoor ambient temperature has not reached the temperature set by the user at this time, and the room needs to be cooled.
  • the necessary components such as the compressor, the external fan, the internal fan, and the electronic expansion valve are controlled to start, and the air conditioner starts to cool cycle.
  • the difference between the indoor ambient temperature and the set temperature is less than or equal to zero, it proves that the indoor ambient temperature has reached the temperature set by the user at this time, and the air conditioner does not need to be cooled.
  • the air conditioner is controlled to stop or not start.
  • the speed control method further includes: determining the initial speed of the external fan based on the outdoor ambient temperature; and controlling the start of the external fan based on the initial rotation speed. Specifically, when the difference between the indoor ambient temperature and the set temperature is greater than zero, that is, when it is determined that the external fan needs to be started, the air-conditioning cooling operation is required. At this time, the outdoor ambient temperature is acquired through the temperature sensor set outdoors, and then based on the acquired outdoor temperature. The ambient temperature determines the initial speed of the external fan. Among them, the initial speed of the external fan can be determined by looking up a map, looking up a table or calculating.
  • the initial rotation speed of the external fan corresponding to several outdoor ambient temperatures can be determined in advance through experiments, and then the comparison relationship between the outdoor ambient temperature and the initial rotation speed of the external fan can be fitted A curve.
  • 10 ⁇ T oa ⁇ 43°C the value is taken according to the interpolation method.
  • the above example is only used to illustrate a specific fitting method for determining the initial rotation speed of the external fan, and those skilled in the art can also use other methods to determine the initial rotation speed of the external fan.
  • multiple sets of outdoor ambient temperature can be used to fit the initial rotation speed of the outdoor fan, and the fitted curve can be a straight line, a curve or a step line, etc.
  • the preset high pressure threshold can be determined as follows: a better compressor outlet pressure value during air conditioning operation at different outdoor ambient temperatures is determined through experiments, and the pressure value is taken as The preset high pressure threshold at the outdoor ambient temperature, and then based on the comparison between the preset high pressure threshold and the outdoor ambient temperature, an independent variable is fitted to be the outdoor ambient temperature, and the dependent variable is a function of the preset high pressure threshold.
  • the preset high-pressure threshold is at the current outdoor ambient temperature, input the outdoor ambient temperature into this function to determine the preset high-pressure threshold.
  • the pressure at the outlet of the outdoor ambient temperature T oa ⁇ 10 °C
  • the compressor value P 1tar 13bar.
  • the function P 1tar 0.67 ⁇ T oa +6.3 can be fitted. Therefore, when the outdoor ambient temperature is 10 ⁇ T oa ⁇ 43°C, the outdoor ambient temperature is taken into the above function to determine the preset high pressure threshold at the current outdoor ambient temperature.
  • the above example is only used to illustrate a specific fitting method for determining the preset high pressure threshold, and those skilled in the art may also use other methods to determine the preset high pressure threshold.
  • multiple sets of outdoor ambient temperature and the corresponding compressor outlet high pressure pressure value can be used to fit the function, or the curve can be fitted based on the above data, and different outdoor temperatures can be determined based on interpolation.
  • the preset high pressure threshold at ambient temperature.
  • step S300 further includes: when the high pressure pressure value is greater than the preset high pressure threshold value, controlling the rotation speed of the external fan to increase by a rotation speed adjustment amount; when the high pressure pressure value is less than the preset high pressure threshold value When the speed of the external fan is controlled to decrease by a speed adjustment amount; when the high pressure value is equal to the preset high pressure threshold, the external fan is controlled to maintain the current speed.
  • the rotation speed of the external fan is controlled to increase a rotation speed adjustment amount, such as Increase the speed by 10rpm to increase the heat exchange of the outdoor unit and reduce the discharge pressure of the compressor; when the high pressure value is less than the preset high pressure threshold, it proves that the discharge pressure of the compressor is too low at this time, and the compressor may have liquid hammer
  • the speed of the external fan by controlling the speed of the external fan to reduce a speed adjustment amount, such as reducing 10rpm, to reduce the heat exchange of the outdoor unit and increase the discharge pressure of the compressor.
  • the high-pressure pressure is equal to the preset high-pressure threshold, it proves that the discharge pressure of the compressor is in a better state at this time, so it is enough to keep the current speed of the external fan.
  • the rotational speed adjustment amount is greater than the rotational speed error of the external fan.
  • any DC motor has a rotation error when it rotates, and the error can be measured through experiments, or it has been marked on the motor nameplate or in the manual when it leaves the factory.
  • the rotational speed error is very small.
  • the magnitude of the rotational speed adjustment based on the actual external fan used, and the change of this value does not exceed the protection scope of the present application.
  • the control method of the present application further includes: after controlling the rotation speed of the external fan to increase by a rotation speed adjustment amount, determining Whether the rotation speed of the external fan is greater than its maximum rotation speed; if so, control the external fan to run at the maximum rotation speed. After controlling the rotation speed of the external fan to reduce by a rotation speed adjustment amount, it is judged whether the rotation speed of the external fan is less than its minimum rotation speed; if it is, the external fan is controlled to run at the minimum rotation speed.
  • the rotational speed of the external fan has a maximum and a minimum.
  • the rotational speed of the external fan exceeds the maximum or falls below the minimum, it is easy to cause failure and damage of the external fan. Therefore, when the detected high pressure value is greater than the preset high pressure threshold, after controlling the rotation speed of the external fan to increase by a rotation speed adjustment amount, it is necessary to determine whether the rotation speed of the external fan is greater than the maximum rotation speed. When the rotation speed is greater than the maximum rotation speed, control the external fan to Run at the highest speed to prevent external fan failure.
  • the detected high pressure value is less than the preset high pressure threshold
  • the maximum and minimum rotation speeds of the DC motor are different from each other.
  • the models of fans are different.
  • the minimum speed of a DC motor can be zero or any value greater than zero.
  • the speed control method further includes: obtaining the exhaust gas temperature of the compressor; calculating the exhaust gas superheat of the compressor based on the exhaust temperature and a preset high pressure threshold; judging the exhaust gas superheat and the exhaust gas The magnitude of the superheat threshold; based on the judgment result, the preset high pressure threshold is corrected.
  • the air conditioner when the air conditioner is operating normally, its exhaust gas superheat cannot be too high or too low. If it is too high, it will cause the refrigerant to overheat and damage the refrigerant oil of the compressor, which may cause deterioration of the refrigerant oil of the compressor and affect the normal operation of the system.
  • the preset high pressure threshold can be further corrected, and the speed of the external fan can be adjusted through the revised preset high pressure threshold, so that the air conditioning system can always work at a better State to prevent excessively high or low exhaust gas from adversely affecting system operation.
  • the exhaust temperature of the compressor can be detected by a temperature sensor installed on the refrigerant pipeline connected to the exhaust port of the compressor, and the corresponding saturation temperature can be determined by the preset high pressure threshold.
  • exhaust superheat exhaust Air temperature-the saturation temperature corresponding to the preset high pressure threshold. After calculating the exhaust superheat, compare the exhaust superheat with the preset exhaust superheat threshold.
  • P 1tar is the preset high pressure threshold value under the current outdoor ambient temperature
  • P 1tar ′ is the preset high pressure threshold value after correction.
  • P 1tar is the preset high pressure threshold value under the current outdoor ambient temperature
  • P 1tar ′ is the preset high pressure threshold value after correction.
  • the coefficients 1.02 and 0.98 are not unique, and those skilled in the art can flexibly adjust based on actual application scenarios, and the adjustment does not deviate from the principle of this application.
  • the air conditioner runs in cooling mode.
  • obtain the indoor ambient temperature T ia and compare it with the user-set temperature T set ⁇
  • T ia -T set ⁇ 0 it proves that the current indoor ambient temperature has been
  • the air conditioner is controlled to stop; when T ia -T set ⁇ 0 is not established, it proves that the cooling mode needs to be run to cool the room.
  • the initial speed F 1i and the preset of the external fan are determined based on the current outdoor ambient temperature High-pressure threshold P 1tar , and based on the initial speed F 1i to control the external fan of the air conditioner to start running ⁇
  • the external fan After the external fan starts to run, detect the high-pressure pressure value P d at the compressor outlet and compare it with the preset high-pressure threshold P 1tar ⁇
  • P d > P 1tar the external fan is controlled
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the initial rotation speed of the external fan during the heating operation of the air conditioner according to the present invention and the outdoor ambient temperature
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the relationship between the preset low pressure threshold value during the heating operation of the air conditioner according to the present invention and the outdoor environment temperature
  • the speed control method further includes: obtaining the indoor ambient temperature; calculating the difference between the indoor ambient temperature and the set temperature; When conditions, control the external fan to start.
  • the air conditioner receives the heating operation instruction, it first obtains the indoor ambient temperature through the temperature sensor set in the room, and then determines the size between the indoor ambient temperature and the user's set temperature. When the set temperature and the indoor ambient temperature When the difference is greater than zero, it proves that the indoor ambient temperature has not reached the temperature set by the user at this time, and the room needs to be heated up. At this time, the necessary components such as the compressor, the external fan, the internal fan, and the electronic expansion valve are controlled to start, and the air conditioner Start the heating cycle.
  • the air conditioner When the difference between the set temperature and the indoor ambient temperature is less than or equal to zero, it proves that the indoor ambient temperature has reached the temperature set by the user at this time, and the air conditioner does not need to be heated. At this time, the air conditioner is controlled to stop or not start.
  • the speed control method further includes: determining the initial speed of the external fan based on the outdoor ambient temperature; and controlling the start of the external fan based on the initial rotation speed. Specifically, when the difference between the set temperature and the indoor ambient temperature is greater than zero, that is, when it is determined that the external fan needs to be started, the air-conditioning heating operation is required. At this time, the outdoor ambient temperature is acquired through the temperature sensor set outdoors, and then based on the acquired The outdoor ambient temperature determines the initial speed of the external fan. Among them, the initial speed of the external fan can be determined by looking up a map, looking up a table or calculating.
  • the initial rotation speed of the external fan corresponding to several outdoor ambient temperatures can be determined in advance through experiments, and then the comparison relationship between the outdoor ambient temperature and the initial rotation speed of the external fan can be fitted.
  • the above example is only used to illustrate a specific fitting method for determining the initial rotation speed of the external fan, and those skilled in the art can also use other methods to determine the initial rotation speed of the external fan.
  • multiple sets of outdoor ambient temperature can be used to fit the initial rotation speed of the outdoor fan, and the fitted curve can be either a straight line or a curve.
  • the preset low pressure threshold can be determined as follows: a better compressor outlet pressure value during air conditioning operation at different outdoor ambient temperatures is determined through experiments, and the pressure value is taken as The preset low-voltage threshold at the outdoor ambient temperature, and then based on the comparison between the preset low-voltage threshold and the outdoor ambient temperature, an independent variable is fitted to be the outdoor ambient temperature, and the dependent variable is a function of the preset low-voltage threshold. When the preset low-voltage threshold is at the current outdoor ambient temperature, input the outdoor ambient temperature into this function to determine the preset low-voltage threshold.
  • the above example is only used to illustrate a specific fitting method for determining the preset low pressure threshold, and those skilled in the art may also use other methods to determine the preset low pressure threshold.
  • multiple sets of outdoor ambient temperature and the corresponding compressor outlet low pressure value can be used to fit the function, or the curve can be fitted based on the above data, and different outdoor temperatures can be determined based on interpolation.
  • the preset low pressure threshold at ambient temperature.
  • step S300 further includes: when the low-pressure pressure value is less than the preset low-pressure threshold, controlling the rotation speed of the external fan to increase by one rotation speed adjustment When the low pressure value is greater than the preset low pressure threshold, the rotation speed of the external fan is controlled to decrease by a speed adjustment amount; when the low pressure value is equal to the preset low pressure threshold, the external fan is controlled to maintain the current rotation speed.
  • the rotation speed by controlling the rotation speed of the external fan. For example, the rotation speed is increased by 10rpm to increase the heat exchange of the outdoor unit and increase the suction pressure of the compressor; when the low pressure value is greater than the preset low pressure threshold, it proves that the suction pressure of the compressor is too high at this time, which is not conducive to the air conditioner. Stable operation.
  • the rotational speed adjustment amount is greater than the rotational speed error of the external fan.
  • any DC motor has a rotation error when it rotates, and the error can be measured through experiments, or it has been marked on the motor nameplate or in the manual when it leaves the factory.
  • the rotational speed error is very small.
  • the magnitude of the rotational speed adjustment based on the actual external fan used, and the change of this value does not exceed the protection scope of the present application.
  • the control method of the present application further includes: after controlling the rotation speed of the external fan to increase by a rotation speed adjustment amount, determining Whether the rotation speed of the external fan is greater than its maximum rotation speed; if so, control the external fan to run at the maximum rotation speed. After controlling the rotation speed of the external fan to reduce by a rotation speed adjustment amount, it is judged whether the rotation speed of the external fan is less than its minimum rotation speed; if it is, the external fan is controlled to run at the minimum rotation speed.
  • the rotational speed of the external fan has a maximum and a minimum.
  • the rotational speed of the external fan exceeds the maximum or falls below the minimum, it is easy to cause failure and damage of the external fan. Therefore, when the detected low pressure value is less than the preset low pressure threshold, after controlling the rotation speed of the external fan to increase by a rotation speed adjustment amount, it is necessary to determine whether the rotation speed of the external fan is greater than the maximum rotation speed. When the rotation speed is greater than the maximum rotation speed, control the external fan to Run at the highest speed to prevent external fan failure.
  • the detected low pressure value is greater than the preset low pressure threshold
  • the maximum and minimum rotation speeds of the DC motor are different from each other.
  • the models of fans are different.
  • the minimum speed of a DC motor can be zero or any value greater than zero.
  • the speed control method further includes: obtaining the suction temperature of the compressor; calculating the suction superheat of the compressor based on the suction temperature and a preset low-pressure threshold; judging the superheat of the exhaust and suction The size of the intake superheat threshold; based on the judgment result, the preset low pressure threshold is corrected.
  • the air conditioner when the air conditioner is operating normally, its suction superheat cannot be too high or too low. If it is too high, it will cause the refrigerant to overheat and damage the refrigerant oil of the compressor, which may cause deterioration of the refrigerant oil of the compressor and affect the normal operation of the system.
  • the preset low pressure threshold can be further corrected, and then the speed of the external fan can be adjusted through the revised preset low pressure threshold, so that the air conditioning system can always work at a better State to prevent excessively high or low intake air from adversely affecting system operation.
  • the suction temperature of the compressor can be detected by the temperature sensor installed on the refrigerant pipeline connected to the suction port of the compressor, and the corresponding saturation temperature can be determined by the preset low pressure threshold.
  • suction superheat suction Air temperature-the saturation temperature corresponding to the preset low pressure threshold.
  • P 2tar is the preset low-pressure threshold under the current outdoor ambient temperature
  • P 2tar ' is the revised preset low-pressure threshold.
  • the suction superheat is less than the suction superheat threshold, it proves that either the suction temperature of the compressor is too low, or the saturation temperature corresponding to the preset low pressure threshold is too high (that is, the preset low pressure threshold is too high).
  • P 2tar is the preset low-pressure threshold under the current outdoor ambient temperature
  • P 2tar ' is the revised preset low-pressure threshold.
  • the coefficients 1.02 and 0.98 are not unique, and those skilled in the art can flexibly adjust based on actual application scenarios, and the adjustment does not deviate from the principle of this application.
  • the air conditioner runs in heating mode.
  • obtain the indoor ambient temperature T ia and compare it with the temperature T set set by the user ⁇
  • T set -T ia ⁇ 0 is established, prove the current indoor ambient temperature
  • the air conditioner is controlled to stop; when T set -T ia ⁇ 0 is not established, it proves that the heating mode needs to be run to increase the temperature of the room.
  • the initial speed F 2i and F 2i of the external fan are determined based on the current outdoor ambient temperature.
  • Preset the low pressure threshold P 2tar and control the external fan of the air conditioner to start running based on the initial speed F 2i ⁇
  • the relationship with P 2tar if not established, control the external fan to run at F 2i+1 , and then return to re-judge the relationship between P s and P 2
  • the control method of the present application can realize the stepless speed regulation of the external fan, so that the external fan The speed is matched with the pressure value of the air-conditioning system to reduce the influence of the speed of the external fan on the pressure of the air-conditioning system.
  • speed adjustment due to the small value of the speed adjustment and high adjustment accuracy, it is compared with the current external In terms of fan gear, the high/low pressure of the entire air-conditioning system will basically not fluctuate too much, which improves the reliability and stability of system operation.

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Abstract

本发明涉及空气调节技术领域,具体涉及一种空调外风机的转速控制方法。本发明旨在解决现有空调外风机存在的调节精度低的问题。为此目的,本发明的转速控制方法包括:在外风机启动后,获取压缩机与室外换热器之间的冷媒管路的压力值;比较压力值与预设压力阈值的大小;基于比较结果,选择性地控制外风机的转速提高或降低一个转速调节量;其中,预设压力阈值基于室外环境温度确定。通过基于压力值与预设压力阈值的大小选择性地控制外风机的转速提高或降低一个转速调节量,使得本申请的控制方法能够实现外风机的无极调速,使得外风机的转速与空调系统的压力值相匹配,减小外风机转速对空调系统的压力带来的影响,保证空调系统的稳定运行。

Description

空调外风机的转速控制方法 技术领域
本发明涉及空气调节技术领域,具体涉及一种空调外风机的转速控制方法。
背景技术
目前对空调外风机的转速控制基本上都是基于系统高低压压力或者室内机盘管温度来进行控制的。通常为实现转速控制,空调外风机选用直流风机,控制过程中,基于检测到的系统压力或室内机盘管温度的高低调整直流风机的转速,使该转速与当前的系统压力或盘管温度相适应。
例如,公开号为CN109883019A的发明公开了一种空调系统风量的控制方法和装置,该申请通过根据所述系统实际压力对外风机的转速档位进行调节,实现减少冷媒和环境的换热量,保证空调系统的可靠性和舒适性的目的。但是该申请中将风机的转速分为多个档位进行调节,而实际应用中,为方便控制,通常档位设置不会太多,因此各个档位之间会由于空调外风机自身的转速区间较大(通常风机的转速区间在几百转至几千转之间)而导致转速差异较大,进而在调整风速的同时对空调系统的高低压力影响也较大,不利于空调系统的稳定运行。
相应地,本领域需要一种新的空调外风机的转速控制方法来解决上述问题。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中的上述问题,即为了解决现有空调外风机存在的调节精度低的问题,本发明提供了一种空调外风机的转速控制方法,所述空调包括压缩机和室外换热器,所述室外换热器配置有所述外风机,所述转速控制方法包括:。
在上述空调外风机的转速控制方法的优选技术方案中,所述空调运行制冷模式时,所述压力值为高压压力值,所述预设压力阈值为 预设高压阈值,“基于比较结果,选择性地控制所述外风机的转速提高或降低一个转速调节量”的步骤进一步包括:
当所述高压压力值大于所述预设高压阈值时,控制所述外风机的转速提高一个所述转速调节量;
当所述高压压力值小于所述预设高压阈值时,控制所述外风机的转速降低一个所述转速调节量。
在上述空调外风机的转速控制方法的优选技术方案中,所述空调运行制热模式时,所述压力值为低压压力值,所述预设压力阈值为预设低压阈值,“基于比较结果,选择性地控制所述外风机的转速提高或降低一个转速调节量”的步骤进一步包括:
当所述低压压力值小于所述预设低压阈值时,控制所述外风机的转速提高一个所述转速调节量;
当所述低压压力值大于所述预设低压阈值时,控制所述外风机的转速降低一个所述转速调节量。
在上述空调外风机的转速控制方法的优选技术方案中,在“控制所述外风机的转速提高一个所述转速调节量”的步骤之后,所述转速控制方法还包括:
判断所述外风机的转速是否大于其最高转速;
如果是,则控制所述外风机以所述最高转速运行。
在上述空调外风机的转速控制方法的优选技术方案中,在“控制所述外风机的转速降低一个所述转速调节量”的步骤之后,所述转速控制方法还包括:
判断所述外风机的转速是否小于其最低转速;
若果是,则控制所述外风机以所述最低转速运行。
在上述空调外风机的转速控制方法的优选技术方案中,在“在外风机启动”的步骤之前,所述转速控制方法还包括:
基于所述室外环境温度,确定所述外风机的初始转速;
基于所述初始转速,控制所述外风机启动。
在上述空调外风机的转速控制方法的优选技术方案中,在“在外风机启动”的步骤之前,所述转速控制方法还包括:
获取室内环境温度;
计算所述室内环境温度与设定温度之间的差值;
在所述差值满足预设条件时,控制所述外风机启动。
在上述空调外风机的转速控制方法的优选技术方案中,所述转速控制方法还包括:
获取所述压缩机的排气温度;
基于所述排气温度和所述预设高压阈值,计算所述压缩机的排气过热度;
判断所述排气过热度与排气过热度阈值的大小;
基于判断结果,对所述预设高压阈值进行修正。
在上述空调外风机的转速控制方法的优选技术方案中,所述转速控制方法还包括:
获取所述压缩机的吸气温度;
基于所述吸气温度和所述预设低压阈值,计算所述压缩机的吸气过热度;
判断所述吸气过热度与吸气过热度阈值的大小;
基于判断结果,对所述预设低压阈值进行修正。
在上述空调外风机的转速控制方法的优选技术方案中,所述转速调节量大于所述外风机的转速误差。
本领域技术人员能够理解的是,在本发明的优选技术方案中,空调包括压缩机和室外换热器,室外换热器配置有外风机,转速控制方法包括:在外风机启动后,获取压缩机与室外换热器之间的冷媒管路的压力值;比较压力值与预设压力阈值的大小;基于比较结果,选择性地控制外风机的转速提高或降低一个转速调节量;其中,预设压力阈值基于室外环境温度确定。
通过基于压力值与预设压力阈值的大小选择性地控制外风机的转速提高或降低一个转速调节量,使得本申请的控制方法能够实现外风机的无极调速,使得外风机的转速与空调系统的压力值相匹配,减小外风机转速对空调系统的压力带来的影响,保证空调系统的稳定运行。
进一步地,通过基于室外环境温度确定预设压力阈值,可以保证预设压力阈值与当前室外环境温度相匹配,使得外风机转速调整后的空调运行在当前室外环境温度下的最佳的状态。
进一步地,通过基于排气过热度修正预设高压阈值,然后基于修正后的预设高压阈值进一步调节外风机的转速,使得空调系统能够始终工作在较佳的状态,防止排气过热度过高或过低对系统运行造成不利影响。同样地,通过基于吸气过热度修正预设低压阈值,然后基于修 正后的预设低压阈值进一步调节外风机的转速,使得空调系统能够始终工作在较佳的状态,防止吸气过热度过高或过低对系统运行造成的不利影响。
进一步地,通过设置转速调节量大于外风机的转速误差,还使得每次外风机的转速调节都能够有效进行,避免转速“假调节”的现象出现。
附图说明
下面参照附图来描述本发明的空调外风机的转速控制方法。附图中:
图1为本发明的空调的系统示意图;
图2为本发明的空调外风机的转速控制方法的流程图;
图3为本发明的空调制冷运行时外风机的初始转速-室外环境温度关系图;
图4为本发明的空调制冷运行时预设高压阈值-室外环境温度关系图;
图5为本发明的空调制冷运行时外风机的转速控制逻辑图;
图6为本发明的空调制热运行时外风机的初始转速-室外环境温度关系图;
图7为本发明的空调制热运行时预设低压阈值-室外环境温度关系图;
图8为本发明的空调制热运行时外风机的转速控制逻辑图。
附图标记列表
1、压缩机;2、四通阀;3、室外换热器;4、电子膨胀阀;5、室内换热器;6、气液分离器;7、外风机;8、内风机;9、高压传感器;10、低压传感器。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图来描述本发明的优选实施方式。本领域技术人员应当理解的是,这些实施方式仅仅用于解释本发明的技术原理,并非旨在限制本发明的保护范围。例如,虽然本实施方式是结合单联机进行介绍的,但是这并非旨在于限制本发明的保护范围,在不偏离本发明原 理的条件下,本领域技术人员可以将本发明应用于其他应用场景。例如,本申请还能够应用于中央空调,多联机空调等。
需要说明的是,在本实用新型的描述中,术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方向或位置关系的术语是基于附图所示的方向或位置关系,这仅仅是为了便于描述,而不是指示或暗示所述装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本实用新型的限制。此外,术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
此外,还需要说明的是,在本实用新型的描述中,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或一体地连接;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域技术人员而言,可根据具体情况理解上述术语在本实用新型中的具体含义。
接下来参照图1,对本申请的空调结构进行描述。其中,图1为本发明的空调的系统示意图。
如图1所示,本申请的空调包括通过冷媒管路连接的压缩机1、四通阀2、室外换热器3、电子膨胀阀4、室内换热器5和气液分离器6,室外换热器配置有外风机7,室内换热器配置有内风机8,优选地,为实现外风机7的调速,本申请中外风机7选择直流风机。按图1所示的连接状态,压缩机1的排气口与四通阀2的接口d连通,四通阀2的接口c与室外换热器3的进口连通,室外换热器3的出口与电子膨胀阀4的进口连通,电子膨胀阀4的出口与室内换热器5的进口连通,室内换热器5的出口与四通阀2的接口e连通,四通阀2的接口s与气液分离器6的进气管连通,气液分离器6的出气管与压缩机1的吸气口连通。其中,压缩机排气口所连接的冷媒管路上设置有高压传感器9,气液分离器的进气管所连接的冷媒管路上设置有低压传感器10。
下面参照图2,对本申请的空调外风机的转速控制方法进行描述。其中,图2为本发明的空调外风机的转速控制方法的流程图。
如图2所示,为解决现有空调外风机存在的调节精度低的问题,本申请的空调外风机的转速控制方法主要包括如下步骤:
S100、在外风机启动后,获取压缩机与室外换热器之间的冷媒管路的压力值;例如,在外风机启动后,通过压力传感器获取冷媒管 路的压力值;其中,可参照图1,压缩机1与室外换热器3之间的冷媒管路随空调的运行模式不同而有所区别,当空调运行制冷模式时,压缩机1与室外换热器3之间的冷媒管路为压缩机1的排气口所连的冷媒管路,此时采集的压力为高压传感器9的压力;当空调运行制热模式时,压缩机1与室外换热器3之间的冷媒管路为压缩机1的吸气口、进一步为气液分离器6的进气管所连的冷媒管路,此时采集的压力为低压传感器10的压力。
S200、比较压力值与预设压力阈值的大小;例如,在一种较为优选的实施方式中,预设压力阈值基于室外环境温度确定,具体地,以制冷模式为例,预设压力阈值可按照如下方式确定:空调运行制冷模式时,调节空调的各个元器件的工作参数(如压缩机频率、膨胀阀开度、外风机转速等),使空调处于较佳的运行状态,记录此时压缩机排气口所连的冷媒管路上的高压压力,并将该高压压力作为当前室外环境温度下的预设高压阈值。制热模式与此类似,其将空调处于较佳运行状态时的低压压力作为当前室外环境温度下的预设低压阈值。在获取到压力值后,将该压力值与当前室外环境温度下的预设压力阈值进行比较,即制冷模式时,将高压压力值与预设高压阈值进行比较,制热模式时,将低压压力值与预设低压阈值进行比较。
S300、基于比较结果,选择性地控制外风机的转速提高或降低一个转速调节量;例如,转速调节量可以为一个较小的转速值,如转速调节量可以为5-20rpm(Revolutions Per Minute,每分钟转速)中的任意值,该转速值远小于现有技术中各个风机档位之间的转速差值。在比较出压力值与预设压力阈值的大小后,便可以知道当前空调的高低压是否满足要求,从而在高低压不满足要求时通过调节外风机转速来改变其压力值。比如,在制冷模式下,高压压力值大于预设高压阈值,证明此时压缩机的排气压力过高,不利于空调稳定运行,此时通过控制外风机的转速提高一个转速调节量,如转速提高10rpm,来提高室外机的换热量,降低压缩机的排气压力;当高压压力值小于预设高压阈值时,证明此时压缩机的排气压力过低,压缩机可能有液击的风险,此时通过控制外风机的转速降低一个转速调节量,如降低10rpm,来降低室外机的换热量,提高压缩机的排气压力。其中,改变外风机的转速可以通过调节外风机的直流电机的电压或励磁电流等方式进行,该调节方法现已较为成熟,在此不再赘述。
通过基于压力值与预设压力阈值的大小选择性地控制外风机的转速提高或降低一个转速调节量,使得本申请的控制方法能够实现外风机的无极调速,使得外风机的转速与空调系统的压力值相匹配,减小外风机转速对空调系统的压力带来的影响,保证空调系统的稳定运行。进一步地,通过基于室外环境温度确定预设压力阈值,可以保证预设压力阈值与当前室外环境温度相匹配,使得外风机转速调整后的空调运行在当前室外环境温度下的最佳的状态。
下面参照图3、图4和图5,以空调运行制冷模式为例对本申请的转速控制方法进行说明。其中,图3为本发明的空调制冷运行时外风机的初始转速-室外环境温度关系图;图4为本发明的空调制冷运行时预设高压阈值-室外环境温度关系图;图5为本发明的空调制冷运行时外风机的转速控制逻辑图。
如图5所示,在一种可能的实施方式中,步骤S100之前,转速控制方法还包括:获取室内环境温度;计算室内环境温度与设定温度之间的差值;在差值满足预设条件时,控制外风机启动。具体地,空调在收到制冷运行指令后,首先通过设置在室内的温度传感器获取室内环境温度,然后判断室内环境温度与用户的设定温度之间的大小,当室内环境温度与设定温度之差大于零时,证明此时室内环境温度未达到用户设定的温度,需要对室内进行制冷降温,此时控制压缩机、外风机、内风机、电子膨胀阀等必要元器件启动,空调开始制冷循环。当室内环境温度与设定温度之差小于等于零时,证明此时室内环境温度已经达到用户设定的温度,空调无需进行制冷,此时控制空调停机或不启动。
在一种可能的实施方式中,步骤S100之前,转速控制方法还包括:基于室外环境温度,确定外风机的初始转速;基于初始转速,控制外风机启动。具体地,在室内环境温度与设定温度之差大于零时,即确定外风机需要启动时,需要空调制冷运行,此时通过设置在室外的温度传感器获取室外环境温度,然后基于获取到的室外环境温度,确定外风机的初始转速。其中,外风机的初始转速可以通过查图、查表或计算的方式确定。
参照图3,在一种可能的实施方式中,可以事先通过试验确定出几个室外环境温度对应的外风机初始转速,然后基于室外环境温度与外风机的初始转速之间的对照关系拟合出一条曲线,当需要确定外风机的初始转速时,按照插值法从曲线上进行取值。例如,如图3中所示, 当室外环境温度T oa≥43℃时,令外风机的初始转速F 1=F 1max;室外环境温度当T oa<10℃时,令外风机的初始转速F 1=0,从而基于上述数据拟合出一条初始转速-室外环境温度温度曲线,当10≤T oa<43℃时,按照插值法进行取值。
当然,上述示例仅仅用于说明确定外风机的初始转速的一种具体的拟合方式,本领域技术人员还可以采用其他方式确定外风机的初始转速。比如,在上述示例的启示下,可以采用多组室外环境温度与外风机的初始转速进行拟合,拟合出的曲线既可以是直线,也可以是曲线或阶梯线等。
参照图4,在一种可能的实施方式中,预设高压阈值可以按照如下方式确定:通过试验确定出不同室外环境温度下空调运行时较佳的压缩机出口压力值,并将该压力值作为该室外环境温度下的预设高压阈值,然后基于预设高压阈值与室外环境温度之间的对照关系拟合出一个自变量为室外环境温度,因变量为预设高压阈值的函数,当需要确定当前室外环境温度下的预设高压阈值时,将室外环境温度输入该函数即可确定预设高压阈值。
如图4中所示,当室外环境温度T oa≥43℃时,试验确定出压缩机工作时出口的较佳压力值P 1tar=33bar。当室外环境温度T oa<10℃时,确定出压缩机工作时出口的较佳压力值P 1tar=13bar。基于两组数据,可拟合出函数P 1tar=0.67×T oa+6.3。因此,当室外环境温度10≤T oa<43℃时,将该室外环境温度带入上述函数,即可确定当前室外环境温度下的预设高压阈值。
当然,上述示例仅仅用于说明确定预设高压阈值的一种具体的拟合方式,本领域技术人员还可以采用其他方式确定预设高压阈值。比如,在上述示例的启示下,可以采用多组室外环境温度与对应的压缩机的出口高压压力值进行函数的拟合,或者也可以基于上述数据拟合出曲线,并基于插值法确定不同室外环境温度下的预设高压阈值。
参照图5,在一种可能的实施方式中,如上所述,当空调运行制冷模式时,获取的压力值为压缩机的排气口所连的冷媒管路的高压压力值,预设压力阈值对应的为预设高压阈值,在这种情况下,步骤S300进一步包括:当高压压力值大于预设高压阈值时,控制外风机的转速提高一个转速调节量;当高压压力值小于预设高压阈值时,控制外风机的 转速降低一个转速调节量;当高压压力值等于预设高压阈值时,控制外风机保持当前转速。
举例而言,当判断出高压压力值大于预设高压阈值时,证明此时压缩机的排气压力过高,不利于空调稳定运行,此时通过控制外风机的转速提高一个转速调节量,如转速提高10rpm,来提高室外机的换热量,降低压缩机的排气压力;当高压压力值小于预设高压阈值时,证明此时压缩机的排气压力过低,压缩机可能有液击的风险,此时通过控制外风机的转速降低一个转速调节量,如降低10rpm,来降低室外机的换热量,提高压缩机的排气压力。当高压压力值等于预设高压阈值时,证明此时压缩机的排气压力处于较佳的状态,因此保持外风机的当前转速即可。
其中,较为优选地,转速调节量大于外风机的转速误差。本领域技术人员能够理解,任何直流电机在转动时都存在转动误差,该误差可以通过试验测得,或在出厂时已经标记在电机铭牌上或说明书中。通常,该转速误差很小,例如,申请人实测本申请中所采用的直流电机的转速误差为±5rpm,所以本申请中外风机的转速调节量可设置为大于5rpm,如本申请中转速调节量可设置为10rpm,以便每次外风机的转速调节都能够有效进行,避免转速“假调节”的情况出现。当然,转速调节量的大小本领域技术人员可以基于实际采用的外风机进行确定,这种数值的改变并未超出本申请的保护范围。
继续参照图5,在一种可能的实施方式中,在步骤S300之后,即对外风机的转速进行调整后,本申请的控制方法还包括:在控制外风机的转速提高一个转速调节量后,判断外风机的转速是否大于其最高转速;如果是,则控制外风机以最高转速运行。在控制外风机的转速降低一个转速调节量后,判断外风机的转速是否小于其最低转速;若果是,则控制外风机以最低转速运行。
举例而言,本领域技术人员知晓,外风机的转速存在最大和最小值,当外风机的转速超出最大值或低于最小值时,容易引起外风机的故障和损坏。因此,当检测到的高压压力值大于预设高压阈值时,控制外风机的转速提高一个转速调节量后,需要判断外风机的转速是否大于最高转速,当转速大于最高转速时,控制外风机以最高转速运行,以防止外风机故障。同样地,当检测到的高压压力值小于预设高压阈值时,控制外风机的转速降低一个转速调节量后,需要判断外风机的转速是否 小于最低转速,当转速小于最低转速时,控制外风机以最低转速运行,以防止外风机故障。其中,虽然本申请中没有就外风机的最高转速和最低转速的具体数值进行说明,但是这并不代表本申请无法实施,相反,本领域技术人员知晓,直流电机的最高转速和最低转速对于不同型号的风机有所不同,如直流电机的最低转速可以为零,也可以为大于零的任何数值。
在一种可能的实施方式中,转速控制方法还包括:获取压缩机的排气温度;基于排气温度和预设高压阈值,计算压缩机的排气过热度;判断排气过热度与排气过热度阈值的大小;基于判断结果,对预设高压阈值进行修正。具体地,空调正常运转时,其排气过热度不能太高,也不能太低。如果太高,则会引起冷媒过热,对压缩机冷冻油有损害,可能会引起压缩机的冷冻油变质,影响系统正常运行。如果太低,则会冷媒压缩不充分,有液压缩的可能性,对系统不利,影响系统寿命。因此,在对外风机的转速进行调节的过程中,还可以进一步对预设高压阈值进行修正,进而通过修正后的预设高压阈值对外风机的转速进行调整,使空调系统能够始终工作在较佳的状态,防止排气过热度过高或过低对系统运行造成不利影响。
举例而言,通过设置在压缩机排气口连接的冷媒管路上的温度传感器可以检测压缩机的排气温度,通过预设高压阈值可以确定其对应的饱和温度,此时排气过热度=排气温度-预设高压阈值对应的饱和温度。当计算出排气过热度后,比较排气过热度与预设的排气过热度阈值的大小,当排气过热度大于排气过热度阈值时,证明要么是压缩机的排气温度过高、要么是预设高压阈值对应的饱和温度过低(亦即预设高压阈值过低),此时可以对预设高压阈值P 1tar进行正向修正,如可以令P 1tar’=1.02×P 1tar。其中,P 1tar为当前室外环境温度下的预设高压阈值,P 1tar’为修正后的预设高压阈值。同样地,排气过热度小于排气过热度阈值时,证明要么是压缩机的排气温度过低、要么是预设高压阈值对应的饱和温度过高(亦即预设高压阈值过高),此时可以对预设高压阈值P 1tar进行负向修正,如可以令P 1tar’=0.98×P 1tar。其中,P 1tar为当前室外环境温度下的预设高压阈值,P 1tar’为修正后的预设高压阈值。当然,系数1.02和0.98并非唯一,本领域技术人员可以基于实际应用场景进行灵活调整,该调整并未偏离本申请的原理。
下面参照图5,对空调运行制冷模式下的一种可能的控制过程进行描述。
如图5所示,空调开机后以制冷模式运行,首先获取室内环境温度T ia并与用户设定的温度T set进行比较→当T ia-T set≤0成立时,证明当前室内环境温度已经达到设定温度,控制空调停机;当T ia-T set≤0不成立时,则证明需要运行制冷模式对室内进行降温,此时基于当前的室外环境温度确定外风机的初始转速F 1i和预设高压阈值P 1tar,并基于初始转速F 1i控制空调的外风机开始运行→外风机开始运行后,检测压缩机出口处的高压压力值P d,并将其与预设高压阈值P 1tar进行比较→当P d=P 1tar成立时,控制外风机维持当前的转速F 1i;当P d=P 1tar不成立时,进一步判断二者的大小→(1)当P d>P 1tar时,控制外风机的转速上升10rpm,即F 1i+1=F 1i+10,并判断F 1i+1>F 1max是否成立→如果成立,则控制外风机以F 1max运行,然后间隔10s后返回重新判断P d与P 1tar的关系;如果不成立,则控制外风机以F 1i+1运行,然后间隔10s后返回重新判断P d与P 1tar的关系→(2)当P d<P 1tar时,控制外风机的转速下降10rpm,即F 1i+1=F 1i-10,并判断F 1i+1<F 1min是否成立→如果成立,则控制外风机以F 1min运行,然后间隔10s后返回重新判断P d与P 1tar的关系;如果不成立,则控制外风机以F 1i+1运行,然后间隔10s后返回重新判断P d与P 1tar的关系。
下面参照图6、图7和图8,以空调运行制热模式为例对本申请的转速控制方法进行说明。其中,图6为本发明的空调制热运行时外风机的初始转速-室外环境温度关系图;图7为本发明的空调制热运行时预设低压阈值-室外环境温度关系图;图8为本发明的空调制热运行时外风机的转速控制逻辑图。
如图8所示,在一种可能的实施方式中,步骤S100之前,转速控制方法还包括:获取室内环境温度;计算室内环境温度与设定温度之间的差值;在差值满足预设条件时,控制外风机启动。具体地,空调在收到制热运行指令后,首先通过设置在室内的温度传感器获取室内环境温度,然后判断室内环境温度与用户的设定温度之间的大小,当设定温度与室内环境温度之差大于零时,证明此时室内环境温度未达到用户设定的温度,需要对室内进行制热升温,此时控制压缩机、外风机、内风机、电子膨胀阀等必要元器件启动,空调开始制热循环。当设定温度与室内环境温度之差小于等于零时,证明此时室内环境温度已经达到用户设定的温度,空调无需进行制热,此时控制空调停机或不启动。
在一种可能的实施方式中,步骤S100之前,转速控制方法还包括:基于室外环境温度,确定外风机的初始转速;基于初始转速,控制外风机启动。具体地,在设定温度与室内环境温度之差大于零时,即确定外风机需要启动时,需要空调制热运行,此时通过设置在室外的温度传感器获取室外环境温度,然后基于获取到的室外环境温度,确定外风机的初始转速。其中,外风机的初始转速可以通过查图、查表或计算的方式确定。
参照图6,在一种可能的实施方式中,可以事先通过试验确定出几个室外环境温度对应的外风机初始转速,然后基于室外环境温度与外风机的初始转速之间的对照关系拟合出一条曲线,当需要确定外风机的初始转速时,按照插值法从曲线上进行取值。例如,如图6中所示,当室外环境温度T oa≤7℃时,令外风机的初始转速F 2=F 2max,当室外环境温度当T oa≥21℃时,令外风机的初始转速F 2=0。从而基于上述数据拟合出一条初始转速-室外环境温度温度曲线,当7<T oa<21℃时,按照插值法进行取值。
当然,上述示例仅仅用于说明确定外风机的初始转速的一种具体的拟合方式,本领域技术人员还可以采用其他方式确定外风机的初始转速。比如,在上述示例的启示下,可以采用多组室外环境温度与外风机的初始转速进行拟合,拟合出的曲线既可以是直线,也可以是曲线等。
参照图7,在一种可能的实施方式中,预设低压阈值可以按照如下方式确定:通过试验确定出不同室外环境温度下空调运行时较佳的压缩机出口压力值,并将该压力值作为该室外环境温度下的预设低压阈值,然后基于预设低压阈值与室外环境温度之间的对照关系拟合出一个自变量为室外环境温度,因变量为预设低压阈值的函数,当需要确定当前室外环境温度下的预设低压阈值时,将室外环境温度输入该函数即可确定预设低压阈值。
如图7中所示,当室外环境温度T oa≥21℃时,试验确定出压缩机工作时出口的较佳压力值P 2tar=14bar,同理,当室外环境温度T oa≤7℃时,确定出压缩机工作时出口的较佳压力值P 2tar=7bar,经试验此时室外机蒸发温度比较高,机器不会结霜,且制热效果较佳。基于两组数据,可拟合出函数P 2tar=0.5×T oa+3.5。因此,当室外环境温度7<T oa<21℃时, 将该室外环境温度带入上述函数,即可确定当前室外环境温度下的预设低压阈值。
当然,上述示例仅仅用于说明确定预设低压阈值的一种具体的拟合方式,本领域技术人员还可以采用其他方式确定预设低压阈值。比如,在上述示例的启示下,可以采用多组室外环境温度与对应的压缩机的出口低压压力值进行函数的拟合,或者也可以基于上述数据拟合出曲线,并基于插值法确定不同室外环境温度下的预设低压阈值。
参照图8,在一种可能的实施方式中,如上所述,当空调运行制热模式时,获取的压力值为压缩机的吸气口、进一步为气液分离器的进气管所连的冷媒管路的低压压力值,预设压力阈值对应的为预设低压阈值,在这种情况下,步骤S300进一步包括:当低压压力值小于预设低压阈值时,控制外风机的转速提高一个转速调节量;当低压压力值大于预设低压阈值时,控制外风机的转速降低一个转速调节量;当低压压力值等于预设低压阈值时,控制外风机保持当前转速。
举例而言,当判断出低压压力值小于预设低压阈值时,证明此时压缩机的吸气压力过低,压缩机可能有液击的风险,此时通过控制外风机的转速提高一个转速调节量,如转速提高10rpm,来提高室外机的换热量,提高压缩机的吸气压力;当低压压力值大于预设低压阈值时,证明此时压缩机的吸气压力过高,不利于空调稳定运行,此时通过控制外风机的转速降低一个转速调节量,如降低10rpm,来降低室外机的换热量,降低压缩机的吸气压力。当低压压力值等于预设低压阈值时,证明此时压缩机的吸气压力处于较佳的状态,因此保持外风机的当前转速即可。
其中,较为优选地,转速调节量大于外风机的转速误差。本领域技术人员能够理解,任何直流电机在转动时都存在转动误差,该误差可以通过试验测得,或在出厂时已经标记在电机铭牌上或说明书中。通常,该转速误差很小,例如,申请人实测本申请中所采用的直流电机的转速误差为±5rpm,所以本申请中外风机的转速调节量可设置为大于5rpm,如本申请中转速调节量可设置为10rpm,以便每次外风机的转速调节都能够有效进行,避免转速“假调节”的情况出现。当然,转速调节量的大小本领域技术人员可以基于实际采用的外风机进行确定,这种数值的改变并未超出本申请的保护范围。
继续参照图8,在一种可能的实施方式中,在步骤S300之后,即对外风机的转速进行调整后,本申请的控制方法还包括:在控制外风机的转速提高一个转速调节量后,判断外风机的转速是否大于其最高转速;如果是,则控制外风机以最高转速运行。在控制外风机的转速降低一个转速调节量后,判断外风机的转速是否小于其最低转速;若果是,则控制外风机以最低转速运行。
举例而言,本领域技术人员知晓,外风机的转速存在最大和最小值,当外风机的转速超出最大值或低于最小值时,容易引起外风机的故障和损坏。因此,当检测到的低压压力值小于预设低压阈值时,控制外风机的转速提高一个转速调节量后,需要判断外风机的转速是否大于最高转速,当转速大于最高转速时,控制外风机以最高转速运行,以防止外风机故障。同样地,当检测到的低压压力值大于预设低压阈值时,控制外风机的转速降低一个转速调节量后,需要判断外风机的转速是否小于最低转速,当转速小于最低转速时,控制外风机以最低转速运行,以防止外风机故障。其中,虽然本申请中没有就外风机的最高转速和最低转速的具体数值进行说明,但是这并不代表本申请无法实施,相反,本领域技术人员知晓,直流电机的最高转速和最低转速对于不同型号的风机有所不同,如直流电机的最低转速可以为零,也可以为大于零的任何数值。
在一种可能的实施方式中,转速控制方法还包括:获取压缩机的吸气温度;基于吸气温度和预设低压阈值,计算压缩机的吸气过热度;判断排吸气气过热度与吸气过热度阈值的大小;基于判断结果,对预设低压阈值进行修正。具体地,空调正常运转时,其吸气过热度不能太高,也不能太低。如果太高,则会引起冷媒过热,对压缩机冷冻油有损害,可能会引起压缩机的冷冻油变质,影响系统正常运行。如果太低,则会冷媒压缩不充分,有液压缩的可能性,对系统不利,影响系统寿命。因此,在对外风机的转速进行调节的过程中,还可以进一步对预设低压阈值进行修正,进而通过修正后的预设低压阈值对外风机的转速进行调整,使空调系统能够始终工作在较佳的状态,防止吸气过热度过高或过低对系统运行造成不利影响。
举例而言,通过设置在压缩机吸气口连接的冷媒管路上的温度传感器可以检测压缩机的吸气温度,通过预设低压阈值可以确定其对应的饱和温度,此时吸气过热度=吸气温度-预设低压阈值对应的饱和温 度。当计算出吸气过热度后,比较吸气过热度与预设的吸气过热度阈值的大小,当吸气过热度大于吸气过热度阈值时,证明要么是压缩机的吸气温度过高、要么是预设低压阈值对应的饱和温度过低(亦即预设低压阈值过低),此时可以对预设低压阈值P 2tar进行正向修正,如可以令P 2tar’=1.02×P 2tar。其中,P 2tar为当前室外环境温度下的预设低压阈值,P 2tar’为修正后的预设低压阈值。同样地,吸气过热度小于吸气过热度阈值时,证明要么是压缩机的吸气温度过低、要么是预设低压阈值对应的饱和温度过高(亦即预设低压阈值过高),此时可以对预设低压阈值P 2tar进行负向修正,如可以令P 2tar’=0.98×P 2tar。其中,P 2tar为当前室外环境温度下的预设低压阈值,P 2tar’为修正后的预设低压阈值。当然,系数1.02和0.98并非唯一,本领域技术人员可以基于实际应用场景进行灵活调整,该调整并未偏离本申请的原理。
下面参照图8,对空调运行制热模式下的一种可能的控制过程进行描述。
如图8所示,空调开机后以制热模式运行,首先获取室内环境温度T ia并与用户设定的温度T set进行比较→当T set-T ia≤0成立时,证明当前室内环境温度已经达到设定温度,控制空调停机;当T set-T ia≤0不成立时,则证明需要运行制热模式对室内进行升温,此时基于当前的室外环境温度确定外风机的初始转速F 2i和预设低压阈值P 2tar,并基于初始转速F 2i控制空调的外风机开始运行→外风机开始运行后,检测压缩机出口处的低压压力值P s,并将其与预设低压阈值P 2tar进行比较→当P s=P 2tar成立时,控制外风机维持当前的转速F 2i;当P s=P 2tar不成立时,进一步判断二者的大小→(1)当P s<P 2tar时,控制外风机的转速上升10rpm,即F 2i+1=F 2i+10,并判断F 2i+1>F 2max是否成立→如果成立,则控制外风机以F 2max运行,然后间隔10s后返回重新判断P s与P 2tar的关系;如果不成立,则控制外风机以F 2i+1运行,然后间隔10s后返回重新判断P s与P 2tar的关系→(2)当P s>P 2tar时,控制外风机的转速下降10rpm,即F 2i+1=F 2i-10,并判断F 2i+1<F 2min是否成立→如果成立,则控制外风机以F 2min运行,然后间隔10s后返回重新判断P s与P 2tar的关系;如果不成立,则控制外风机以F 2i+1运行,然后间隔10s后返回重新判断P s与P 2tar的关系。
综上所述,通过基于压力值与预设压力阈值的大小选择性地控制外风机的转速提高或降低一个转速调节量,使得本申请的控制方法能够实现外风机的无极调速,使得外风机的转速与空调系统的压力值相 匹配,减小外风机转速对空调系统的压力带来的影响,在转速调整过程中,由于转速调节量数值小、调节精度高,因此相比于目前的外风机档位来说,整个空调系统的高/低压力基本不会出现太大波动,提高了系统运行的可靠性和稳定性。
还需要说明的是,上述实施例中虽然将各个步骤按照上述先后次序的方式进行了描述,但是本领域技术人员可以理解,为了实现本实施例的效果,不同的步骤之间不必按照这样的次序执行,其可以同时(并行)执行或以颠倒的次序执行,这些简单的变化都在本发明的保护范围之内。比如,基于室内环境温度与设定温度之间的差值控制外风机启动的步骤可以省略;再如,基于室外环境温度确定初始转速的步骤可以在外风机启动前任何时间点进行;再如,修正预设高压阈值和预设电压阈值的步骤可以在本控制方法执行到任意步骤时进行。再如,本申请还可以应用于单制冷或单制热空调等。
至此,已经结合附图所示的优选实施方式描述了本发明的技术方案,但是,本领域技术人员容易理解的是,本发明的保护范围显然不局限于这些具体实施方式。在不偏离本发明的原理的前提下,本领域技术人员可以对相关技术特征作出等同的更改或替换,这些更改或替换之后的技术方案都将落入本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种空调外风机的转速控制方法,所述空调包括压缩机和室外换热器,所述室外换热器配置有所述外风机,其特征在于,所述转速控制方法包括:
    在外风机启动后,获取所述压缩机与所述室外换热器之间的冷媒管路的压力值;
    比较所述压力值与预设压力阈值的大小;
    基于比较结果,选择性地控制所述外风机的转速提高或降低一个转速调节量;
    其中,所述预设压力阈值基于室外环境温度确定。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的空调外风机的转速控制方法,其特征在于,所述空调运行制冷模式时,所述压力值为高压压力值,所述预设压力阈值为预设高压阈值,“基于比较结果,选择性地控制所述外风机的转速提高或降低一个转速调节量”的步骤进一步包括:
    当所述高压压力值大于所述预设高压阈值时,控制所述外风机的转速提高一个所述转速调节量;
    当所述高压压力值小于所述预设高压阈值时,控制所述外风机的转速降低一个所述转速调节量。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的空调外风机的转速控制方法,其特征在于,所述空调运行制热模式时,所述压力值为低压压力值,所述预设压力阈值为预设低压阈值,“基于比较结果,选择性地控制所述外风机的转速提高或降低一个转速调节量”的步骤进一步包括:
    当所述低压压力值小于所述预设低压阈值时,控制所述外风机的转速提高一个所述转速调节量;
    当所述低压压力值大于所述预设低压阈值时,控制所述外风机的转速降低一个所述转速调节量。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的空调外风机的转速控制方法,其特征在于, 在“控制所述外风机的转速提高一个所述转速调节量”的步骤之后,所述转速控制方法还包括:
    判断所述外风机的转速是否大于其最高转速;
    如果是,则控制所述外风机以所述最高转速运行。
  5. 根据权利要求2或3所述的空调外风机的转速控制方法,其特征在于,在“控制所述外风机的转速降低一个所述转速调节量”的步骤之后,所述转速控制方法还包括:
    判断所述外风机的转速是否小于其最低转速;
    若果是,则控制所述外风机以所述最低转速运行。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的空调外风机的转速控制方法,其特征在于,在“在外风机启动”的步骤之前,所述转速控制方法还包括:
    基于所述室外环境温度,确定所述外风机的初始转速;
    基于所述初始转速,控制所述外风机启动。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的空调外风机的转速控制方法,其特征在于,在“在外风机启动”的步骤之前,所述转速控制方法还包括:
    获取室内环境温度;
    计算所述室内环境温度与设定温度之间的差值;
    在所述差值满足预设条件时,控制所述外风机启动。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的空调外风机的转速控制方法,其特征在于,所述转速控制方法还包括:
    获取所述压缩机的排气温度;
    基于所述排气温度和所述预设高压阈值,计算所述压缩机的排气过热度;
    判断所述排气过热度与排气过热度阈值的大小;
    基于判断结果,对所述预设高压阈值进行修正。
  9. 根据权利要求3所述的空调外风机的转速控制方法,其特征在于, 所述转速控制方法还包括:
    获取所述压缩机的吸气温度;
    基于所述吸气温度和所述预设低压阈值,计算所述压缩机的吸气过热度;
    判断所述吸气过热度与吸气过热度阈值的大小;
    基于判断结果,对所述预设低压阈值进行修正。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的空调外风机的转速控制方法,其特征在于,所述转速调节量大于所述外风机的转速误差。
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