WO2021135680A1 - 空调外风机的转速控制方法 - Google Patents

空调外风机的转速控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021135680A1
WO2021135680A1 PCT/CN2020/128726 CN2020128726W WO2021135680A1 WO 2021135680 A1 WO2021135680 A1 WO 2021135680A1 CN 2020128726 W CN2020128726 W CN 2020128726W WO 2021135680 A1 WO2021135680 A1 WO 2021135680A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rotation speed
external fan
temperature
air conditioner
preset
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/128726
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
宋德跃
王海胜
张铭
孙猛猛
Original Assignee
青岛海尔空调电子有限公司
海尔智家股份有限公司
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Application filed by 青岛海尔空调电子有限公司, 海尔智家股份有限公司 filed Critical 青岛海尔空调电子有限公司
Priority to EP20910288.8A priority Critical patent/EP4086530A4/en
Publication of WO2021135680A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021135680A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/72—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure
    • F24F11/74—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity
    • F24F11/77—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity by controlling the speed of ventilators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
    • F24F11/63—Electronic processing
    • F24F11/64—Electronic processing using pre-stored data
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F24F2110/10—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F24F2110/10—Temperature
    • F24F2110/12—Temperature of the outside air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2140/00—Control inputs relating to system states
    • F24F2140/20—Heat-exchange fluid temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
    • F25B2313/029—Control issues
    • F25B2313/0294—Control issues related to the outdoor fan, e.g. controlling speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
    • F25B2313/031—Sensor arrangements
    • F25B2313/0315—Temperature sensors near the outdoor heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/19—Pressures
    • F25B2700/193—Pressures of the compressor
    • F25B2700/1931—Discharge pressures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/19—Pressures
    • F25B2700/193—Pressures of the compressor
    • F25B2700/1933—Suction pressures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2116—Temperatures of a condenser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2117—Temperatures of an evaporator
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of air conditioners, in particular to a method for controlling the speed of an external fan of an air conditioner.
  • the outdoor unit plays a pivotal role in the air conditioning cycle.
  • the speed control of the external fan of the air conditioner is basically controlled based on the high and low pressure of the system.
  • a DC fan is used for the external fan of the air conditioner.
  • the speed of the DC fan is adjusted based on the detected system pressure, so that the speed is compatible with the current system pressure or coil temperature.
  • the existing control method immediately uses a DC fan, which also divides the speed of the DC fan into multiple gears for adjustment.
  • the gear setting is not too much, so the speed range of the fan itself outside the air conditioner is large between each gear (usually the speed range of the fan is between a few hundred revolutions and a few thousand revolutions.
  • the difference between the rotation speeds is large, and the high and low pressures of the air conditioning system are also greatly affected while adjusting the wind speed, which is not conducive to the stable operation of the air conditioning system.
  • the present invention provides a method for controlling the rotation speed of the air-conditioning external fans, and the outdoor heat exchanger of the air-conditioner is configured with
  • the speed control method includes: obtaining the coil temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger after the external fan is started; comparing the coil temperature with a preset temperature threshold; based on the comparison result, selectively The rotation speed of the external fan is controlled to increase or decrease by a rotation speed adjustment amount; wherein the preset temperature threshold is determined based on the outdoor environment temperature.
  • the step of “selectively controlling the rotation speed of the external fan to increase or decrease a rotation speed adjustment amount based on the comparison result” further includes:
  • the rotation speed of the external fan is controlled to decrease by the rotation speed adjustment amount.
  • the step of “selectively controlling the rotation speed of the external fan to increase or decrease a rotation speed adjustment amount based on the comparison result” further includes:
  • the rotation speed of the external fan is controlled to decrease by the rotation speed adjustment amount.
  • the rotation speed control method further includes:
  • the rotation speed control method further includes:
  • the rotation speed control method further includes:
  • the external fan is controlled to start.
  • the rotation speed control method further includes:
  • the external fan is controlled to start.
  • the rotation speed control method further includes:
  • the preset high temperature threshold is corrected.
  • the rotation speed control method further includes:
  • the preset low temperature threshold is corrected.
  • the rotation speed adjustment amount is greater than the rotation speed error of the external fan.
  • the outdoor heat exchanger of the air conditioner is equipped with an external fan
  • the speed control method of the external fan of the air conditioner includes: after the external fan is started, the disk of the outdoor heat exchanger is obtained. Tube temperature; compare the coil temperature with a preset temperature threshold; based on the comparison result, selectively control the rotation speed of the external fan to increase or decrease a rotation speed adjustment amount; wherein the preset temperature threshold is determined based on the outdoor ambient temperature.
  • the control method of the present application can realize the stepless speed regulation of the external fan, so that the external fan can be adjusted continuously.
  • the speed of the fan is matched with the temperature of the coil of the outdoor unit, reducing the influence of the speed of the external fan on the air conditioning system and ensuring the stable operation of the air conditioning system.
  • the preset temperature threshold value based on the outdoor environment temperature, it can be ensured that the preset temperature threshold value matches the current outdoor environment temperature, so that the air conditioner after the rotation speed adjustment of the outdoor fan operates in the best state at the current outdoor environment temperature.
  • the air conditioning system can always work in a better state and prevent the exhaust from overheating. Or it is too low to adversely affect the operation of the system.
  • the preset low temperature threshold based on the degree of suction superheat, and then further adjusting the rotation speed of the external fan based on the revised preset low temperature threshold, the air conditioning system can always work in a better state and prevent the suction from overheating. Or too low to cause adverse effects on system operation.
  • the rotation speed adjustment amount is set to be greater than the rotation speed error of the external fan, the rotation speed adjustment of the external fan can be effectively performed every time, and the phenomenon of "false adjustment" of the rotation speed can be avoided.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the air conditioner system of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a flow chart of the method for controlling the rotation speed of the external fan of the air conditioner according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the initial speed of the external fan and the outdoor ambient temperature during the cooling operation of the air conditioner of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a logic diagram of the rotation speed control of the external fan during the cooling operation of the air conditioner according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the initial rotation speed of the external fan and the outdoor ambient temperature during the heating operation of the air conditioner of the present invention
  • Fig. 6 is a logic diagram of the rotation speed control of the external fan during the heating operation of the air conditioner of the present invention.
  • the terms “installed”, “connected”, and “connected” should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can be fixed or fixed. It is a detachable connection or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication between two components.
  • installed e.g., they can be fixed or fixed. It is a detachable connection or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication between two components.
  • the specific meaning of the above-mentioned terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the air conditioner system of the present invention.
  • the air conditioner of the present application includes a compressor 1, a four-way valve 2, an outdoor heat exchanger 3, an electronic expansion valve 4, an indoor heat exchanger 5, and a gas-liquid separator 6 connected by a refrigerant pipeline.
  • the heat exchanger is equipped with an external fan 7 and the indoor heat exchanger is equipped with an internal fan 8.
  • the DC fan is selected as the external fan 7 in this application.
  • the exhaust port of the compressor 1 is connected to the port d of the four-way valve 2
  • the port c of the four-way valve 2 is connected to the inlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 3
  • the outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 3 Connected with the inlet of the electronic expansion valve 4, the outlet of the electronic expansion valve 4 is connected with the inlet of the indoor heat exchanger 5, the outlet of the indoor heat exchanger 5 is connected with the port e of the four-way valve 2, and the port s of the four-way valve 2 is connected with
  • the inlet pipe of the gas-liquid separator 6 is in communication, and the outlet pipe of the gas-liquid separator 6 is in communication with the suction port of the compressor 1.
  • the refrigerant pipeline connected to the exhaust port of the compressor 1 is provided with a high-pressure sensor 9; the refrigerant pipeline connected to the intake pipe of the gas-liquid separator 6 is provided with a low-pressure sensor 10; A high temperature sensor 11 and a low temperature sensor 12 are also provided.
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the method for controlling the rotation speed of the external fan of the air conditioner according to the present invention.
  • the speed control method of the air conditioner external fan of the present application mainly includes the following steps:
  • the preset temperature threshold is determined based on the outdoor ambient temperature.
  • the preset temperature threshold may be Determine as follows: When the air conditioner is running in the cooling mode, adjust the working parameters of each component of the air conditioner (such as compressor frequency, expansion valve opening, external fan speed, etc.) to make the air conditioner in a better operating state, and record the outdoor
  • the temperature of the high temperature sensor on the heat exchanger coil is used as the preset high temperature threshold under the current outdoor ambient temperature.
  • the heating mode is similar to this, which uses the temperature collected by the low temperature sensor when the air conditioner is in a better operating state as the preset low temperature threshold under the current outdoor ambient temperature.
  • the rotation speed adjustment amount can be a smaller rotation speed value, for example, the rotation speed adjustment amount can be 5-20 rpm (Revolutions Per Minute, Any value in the rotational speed per minute), the rotational speed value is much smaller than the rotational speed difference between the fan gears in the prior art.
  • the coil temperature is greater than the preset high temperature threshold, which proves that the refrigerant temperature in the outdoor heat exchanger is too high at this time, which indirectly indicates that the compressor discharge pressure is too high, which is not conducive to the stable operation of the air conditioner.
  • Control the speed of the external fan to increase a speed adjustment such as increasing the speed by 10rpm to increase the heat exchange of the outdoor unit, reduce the refrigerant temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger, and then reduce the discharge pressure of the compressor; when the coil temperature is less than the preset At the high temperature threshold, it proves that the temperature of the refrigerant in the outdoor heat exchanger is too low at this time, which indirectly indicates that the discharge pressure of the compressor is too low, and the compressor may have the risk of liquid strike.
  • reduce the speed of the external fan by one speed adjustment For example, reduce the 10rpm to reduce the heat exchange of the outdoor unit, increase the refrigerant temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger, and then increase the discharge pressure of the compressor.
  • the rotation speed of the external fan can be changed by adjusting the voltage or excitation current of the DC motor of the external fan. The adjustment method is now relatively mature and will not be repeated here.
  • the control method of the present application can realize the stepless speed regulation of the external fan, so that the external fan can be adjusted continuously.
  • the speed of the fan is matched with the temperature of the coil of the outdoor unit, reducing the influence of the speed of the external fan on the air conditioning system and ensuring the stable operation of the air conditioning system.
  • the preset temperature threshold value based on the outdoor environment temperature, it can be ensured that the preset temperature threshold value matches the current outdoor environment temperature, so that the air conditioner after the rotation speed adjustment of the outdoor fan operates in the best state at the current outdoor environment temperature.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the initial rotation speed of the external fan and the outdoor ambient temperature during the cooling operation of the air conditioner according to the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a logic diagram of the rotation speed control of the external fan during the cooling operation of the air conditioner according to the present invention.
  • the speed control method further includes: obtaining the indoor ambient temperature; calculating the difference between the indoor ambient temperature and the set temperature; When conditions, control the external fan to start.
  • the air conditioner receives the cooling operation command, it first obtains the indoor ambient temperature through the temperature sensor installed in the room, and then determines the size between the indoor ambient temperature and the user's set temperature. When the indoor ambient temperature and the set temperature are different When the difference is greater than zero, it proves that the indoor ambient temperature has not reached the temperature set by the user at this time, and the room needs to be cooled.
  • the necessary components such as the compressor, the external fan, the internal fan, and the electronic expansion valve are controlled to start, and the air conditioner starts to cool cycle.
  • the difference between the indoor ambient temperature and the set temperature is less than or equal to zero, it proves that the indoor ambient temperature has reached the temperature set by the user at this time, and the air conditioner does not need to be cooled.
  • the air conditioner is controlled to stop or not start.
  • the speed control method further includes: determining the initial speed of the external fan based on the outdoor ambient temperature; and controlling the start of the external fan based on the initial rotation speed. Specifically, when the difference between the indoor ambient temperature and the set temperature is greater than zero, that is, when it is determined that the external fan needs to be started, the air-conditioning cooling operation is required. At this time, the outdoor ambient temperature is acquired through the temperature sensor set outdoors, and then based on the acquired outdoor temperature. The ambient temperature determines the initial speed of the external fan. Among them, the initial speed of the external fan can be determined by looking up a map, looking up a table or calculating.
  • the initial rotation speed of the external fan corresponding to several outdoor ambient temperatures can be determined in advance through experiments, and then the comparison relationship between the outdoor ambient temperature and the initial rotation speed of the external fan can be fitted A curve.
  • 10 ⁇ T oa ⁇ 43°C the value is taken according to the interpolation method.
  • the above example is only used to illustrate a specific fitting method for determining the initial rotation speed of the external fan, and those skilled in the art can also use other methods to determine the initial rotation speed of the external fan.
  • multiple sets of outdoor ambient temperature can be used to fit the initial rotation speed of the outdoor fan, and the fitted curve can be a straight line, a curve or a step line, etc.
  • the high temperature sensor 11 can be arranged as follows: the high temperature sensor 11 is arranged at a position where the temperature detected by the high temperature sensor 11 can have a definite corresponding relationship with the saturation temperature corresponding to the high pressure pressure of the air conditioner. . For example, when selecting the setting position, conduct multiple sets of tests, first measure the discharge pressure of the compressor (that is, the high pressure pressure of the air conditioner), and then determine the saturation temperature corresponding to the discharge pressure, and finally set the high temperature sensor 11 to the saturation temperature. A location where the temperature is approximately equal. As shown in Figure 1, in this application, the high temperature sensor 11 is arranged on the coil at the middle and downstream of the outdoor heat exchanger 3 in the direction of the refrigerant flow.
  • the corresponding saturation temperature may also be arranged at other positions of the outdoor heat exchanger 3.
  • the high temperature sensor 11 may also be provided at a position proportional to the saturation temperature corresponding to the discharge pressure of the compressor 1.
  • the preset high temperature threshold can be determined in the following manner: the coil temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger that is better when the air conditioner operates at different outdoor ambient temperatures is determined through experiments, and the temperature is taken as the outdoor The preset high temperature threshold under the ambient temperature, and then based on the comparison between the preset high temperature threshold and the outdoor ambient temperature, an independent variable is fitted as the outdoor ambient temperature, and the dependent variable is a function of the preset high temperature threshold. When it is necessary to determine the current outdoor When the preset high temperature threshold is at the ambient temperature, input the outdoor ambient temperature into this function to determine the preset high temperature threshold.
  • T oa 10 °C
  • the function T 1tar T oa +5/33 ⁇ (T oa -10)+5 can be fitted. Therefore, when the outdoor ambient temperature is 10 ⁇ T oa ⁇ 43°C, the outdoor ambient temperature is taken into the above function to determine the preset high temperature threshold at the current outdoor ambient temperature.
  • the above example is only used to illustrate a specific fitting method for determining the preset high temperature threshold, and those skilled in the art may also use other methods to determine the preset high temperature threshold.
  • multiple sets of outdoor ambient temperature and the corresponding coil temperature can be used to fit the function, or the curve can be fitted based on the above data, and the interpolation method can be used to determine the temperature at different outdoor ambient temperatures. Preset high temperature threshold.
  • step S300 further includes: when the coil temperature is greater than the preset high temperature threshold, controlling the rotation speed of the external fan to increase by a rotational speed adjustment amount; when the coil temperature is less than the preset high temperature
  • the rotation speed of the external fan is controlled to decrease by a rotation speed adjustment amount; when the coil temperature is equal to the preset high temperature threshold, the external fan is controlled to maintain the current rotation speed.
  • the coil temperature is greater than the preset high temperature threshold, it proves that the temperature of the refrigerant in the outdoor heat exchanger at this time is too high, which indirectly proves that the discharge pressure of the compressor is too high, which is not conducive to the stable operation of the air conditioner.
  • the rotation speed of the external fan By controlling the rotation speed of the external fan to increase a rotation speed adjustment amount, such as increasing the rotation speed by 10rpm, to increase the heat exchange of the outdoor unit, reduce the temperature of the refrigerant in the outdoor heat exchanger, and then reduce the discharge pressure of the compressor; when the coil temperature is less than When the high temperature threshold is preset, it proves that the temperature of the refrigerant in the outdoor heat exchanger is too low at this time, which indirectly proves that the discharge pressure of the compressor is too low, and the compressor may have the risk of liquid strike.
  • a rotation speed adjustment amount such as increasing the rotation speed by 10rpm
  • the speed of the external fan is reduced by one Speed adjustment, such as reducing 10rpm, to reduce the heat exchange of the outdoor unit, increase the temperature of the refrigerant in the outdoor heat exchanger, and then increase the discharge pressure of the compressor.
  • Speed adjustment such as reducing 10rpm
  • the rotational speed adjustment amount is greater than the rotational speed error of the external fan.
  • any DC motor has a rotation error when it rotates, and the error can be measured through experiments, or it has been marked on the motor nameplate or in the manual when it leaves the factory.
  • the rotational speed error is very small.
  • the magnitude of the rotational speed adjustment based on the actual external fan used, and the change of this value does not exceed the protection scope of the present application.
  • step S300 that is, after the rotation speed of the external fan is adjusted
  • the control method of the present application further includes: after controlling the rotation speed of the external fan to increase by a rotation speed adjustment amount, determining Whether the rotation speed of the external fan is greater than its maximum rotation speed; if so, control the external fan to run at the maximum rotation speed.
  • After controlling the rotation speed of the external fan to reduce by a rotation speed adjustment amount it is judged whether the rotation speed of the external fan is less than its minimum rotation speed; if it is, the external fan is controlled to run at the minimum rotation speed.
  • the rotational speed of the external fan has a maximum and a minimum.
  • the rotational speed of the external fan exceeds the maximum or falls below the minimum, it is easy to cause failure and damage of the external fan. Therefore, when the detected coil temperature is greater than the preset high temperature threshold, after controlling the rotation speed of the external fan to increase by a rotation speed adjustment amount, it is necessary to determine whether the rotation speed of the external fan is greater than the maximum rotation speed. When the rotation speed is greater than the maximum rotation speed, control the external fan to Run at the highest speed to prevent external fan failure.
  • the speed control method further includes: obtaining the exhaust gas temperature of the compressor; calculating the exhaust gas superheat of the compressor based on the exhaust temperature and a preset high temperature threshold; judging the exhaust gas superheat and the exhaust gas The magnitude of the superheat threshold; based on the judgment result, the preset high temperature threshold is corrected.
  • the air conditioner when the air conditioner is operating normally, its exhaust gas superheat cannot be too high or too low. If it is too high, it will cause the refrigerant to overheat and damage the refrigerant oil of the compressor, which may cause deterioration of the refrigerant oil of the compressor and affect the normal operation of the system.
  • the preset high temperature threshold can be further corrected, and then the speed of the external fan can be adjusted through the revised preset high temperature threshold, so that the air conditioning system can always work at a better State to prevent excessively high or low exhaust gas from adversely affecting system operation.
  • the discharge temperature of the compressor can be detected by a temperature sensor installed on the refrigerant pipe connected to the discharge port of the compressor, and the corresponding relationship between the data collected by the aforementioned high temperature sensor and the saturation temperature corresponding to the discharge pressure can be seen ,
  • T 1tar is the preset high temperature threshold under the current outdoor ambient temperature
  • T 1tar ' is the revised preset high temperature threshold.
  • T 1tar is the preset high temperature threshold under the current outdoor ambient temperature
  • T 1tar ' is the revised preset high temperature threshold.
  • the coefficients 1.02 and 0.98 are not unique, and those skilled in the art can make flexibly adjustments based on actual application scenarios, and the adjustment does not deviate from the principle of this application.
  • the air conditioner After the air conditioner is turned on, it runs in cooling mode. First, obtain the indoor ambient temperature T ia and compare it with the user-set temperature T set ⁇ When T ia -T set ⁇ 0 is established, it proves that the current indoor ambient temperature has been When the set temperature is reached, the air conditioner is controlled to stop; when T ia -T set ⁇ 0 is not established, it proves that the cooling mode needs to be run to cool the room.
  • the initial speed F 1i and the preset of the external fan are determined based on the current outdoor ambient temperature High temperature threshold T 1tar , and control the external fan of the air conditioner to start running based on the initial speed F 1i ⁇
  • the external fan After the external fan starts to run, detect the temperature T c of the high temperature sensor and compare it with the preset high temperature threshold T 1tar ⁇
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the initial rotation speed of the external fan and the outdoor ambient temperature during the heating operation of the air conditioner according to the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a logic diagram of the rotation speed control of the external fan during the heating operation of the air conditioner according to the present invention.
  • the speed control method further includes: obtaining the indoor ambient temperature; calculating the difference between the indoor ambient temperature and the set temperature; When conditions, control the external fan to start.
  • the air conditioner receives the heating operation instruction, it first obtains the indoor ambient temperature through the temperature sensor installed in the room, and then determines the size between the user's set temperature and the indoor ambient temperature. When the difference is greater than zero, it proves that the indoor ambient temperature has not reached the temperature set by the user at this time, and the room needs to be heated up. At this time, the necessary components such as the compressor, the external fan, the internal fan, and the electronic expansion valve are controlled to start, and the air conditioner Start the heating cycle.
  • the air conditioner When the difference between the set temperature and the indoor ambient temperature is less than or equal to zero, it proves that the indoor ambient temperature has reached the temperature set by the user at this time, and the air conditioner does not need to be heated. At this time, the air conditioner is controlled to stop or not start.
  • the speed control method further includes: determining the initial speed of the external fan based on the outdoor ambient temperature; and controlling the start of the external fan based on the initial rotation speed. Specifically, when the difference between the set temperature and the indoor ambient temperature is greater than zero, that is, when it is determined that the external fan needs to be started, the air-conditioning heating operation is required. At this time, the outdoor ambient temperature is acquired through the temperature sensor set outdoors, and then based on the acquired The outdoor ambient temperature determines the initial speed of the external fan. Among them, the initial speed of the external fan can be determined by looking up a map, looking up a table or calculating.
  • the initial rotation speed of the external fan corresponding to several outdoor ambient temperatures can be determined in advance through experiments, and then the comparison relationship between the outdoor ambient temperature and the initial rotation speed of the external fan can be fitted A curve.
  • the above example is only used to illustrate a specific fitting method for determining the initial rotation speed of the external fan, and those skilled in the art can also use other methods to determine the initial rotation speed of the external fan.
  • multiple sets of outdoor ambient temperature can be used to fit the initial rotation speed of the outdoor fan, and the fitted curve can be a straight line, a curve or a step line, etc.
  • the low temperature sensor 12 can be arranged in the following manner: the low temperature sensor 12 is arranged at a position where the temperature detected by the low temperature sensor 12 can have a definite corresponding relationship with the saturation temperature corresponding to the low pressure pressure of the air conditioner. . For example, when selecting the setting position, conduct multiple sets of tests, first measure the suction pressure of the compressor (that is, the low pressure pressure of the air conditioner), and then determine the saturation temperature corresponding to the suction pressure, and finally set the low temperature sensor 12 to the saturation temperature. A location where the temperature is approximately equal.
  • the low temperature sensor 12 is installed on the coil at the inlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 3 according to the direction of the refrigerant flow.
  • the temperature there can more accurately reflect the corresponding suction pressure of the compressor 1.
  • the saturation temperature can also be arranged at other positions of the outdoor heat exchanger 3 under the premise that the saturation temperature corresponding to the suction pressure of the compressor 1 can be effectively reflected.
  • the low temperature sensor 12 may also be arranged at a position proportional to the saturation temperature corresponding to the suction pressure of the compressor 1.
  • the preset low temperature threshold can be determined as follows: the coil temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger that is better when the air conditioner operates at different outdoor ambient temperatures is determined through experiments, and the temperature is taken as the outdoor temperature.
  • the preset low temperature threshold under the ambient temperature and then based on the comparison between the preset low temperature threshold and the outdoor ambient temperature, an independent variable is fitted as the outdoor ambient temperature, and the dependent variable is a function of the preset low temperature threshold.
  • T 2tar 18 °C.
  • the above example is only used to illustrate a specific fitting method for determining the preset low temperature threshold, and those skilled in the art may also use other methods to determine the preset low temperature threshold.
  • multiple sets of outdoor ambient temperature and the corresponding coil temperature can be used to fit the function, or the curve can be fitted based on the above data, and the interpolation method can be used to determine the temperature at different outdoor ambient temperatures.
  • Preset low temperature threshold can be used to determine the temperature at different outdoor ambient temperatures.
  • step S300 further includes: when the coil temperature is less than the preset low temperature threshold, controlling the rotation speed of the external fan to increase by a rotational speed adjustment amount; when the coil temperature is greater than the preset low temperature threshold At the low temperature threshold, the rotation speed of the external fan is controlled to decrease by a rotation speed adjustment amount; when the coil temperature is equal to the preset low temperature threshold, the external fan is controlled to maintain the current rotation speed.
  • the rotation speed of the external fan to increase a rotation speed adjustment amount, such as increasing the rotation speed by 10 rpm, to increase the heat exchange of the outdoor unit, increase the temperature of the refrigerant in the outdoor heat exchanger, and then increase the suction pressure of the compressor;
  • a rotation speed adjustment amount such as increasing the rotation speed by 10 rpm
  • the speed of the external fan is reduced by one
  • the amount of speed adjustment such as reducing 10rpm, reduces the heat exchange of the outdoor unit, reduces the temperature of the refrigerant in the outdoor heat exchanger, and then reduces the suction pressure of the compressor.
  • the coil temperature is equal to the preset low temperature threshold, it proves that the refrigerant temperature in the outdoor heat exchanger is in a better temperature range at this time, which indirectly proves that the suction pressure of the compressor is also in a better state, so keep the current of the external fan Speed is enough.
  • the rotational speed adjustment amount is greater than the rotational speed error of the external fan.
  • any DC motor has a rotation error when it rotates, and the error can be measured through experiments, or it has been marked on the motor nameplate or in the manual when it leaves the factory.
  • the rotational speed error is very small.
  • the magnitude of the rotational speed adjustment based on the actual external fan used, and the change of this value does not exceed the protection scope of the present application.
  • step S300 that is, after adjusting the rotation speed of the external fan
  • the control method of the present application further includes: after controlling the rotation speed of the external fan to increase by a rotation speed adjustment amount, determining Whether the rotation speed of the external fan is greater than its maximum rotation speed; if so, control the external fan to run at the maximum rotation speed.
  • After controlling the rotation speed of the external fan to reduce by a rotation speed adjustment amount it is judged whether the rotation speed of the external fan is less than its minimum rotation speed; if it is, the external fan is controlled to run at the minimum rotation speed.
  • the rotational speed of the external fan has a maximum and a minimum.
  • the rotational speed of the external fan exceeds the maximum or falls below the minimum, it is easy to cause failure and damage of the external fan. Therefore, when the detected coil temperature is less than the preset low temperature threshold, after controlling the rotation speed of the external fan to increase by a rotation speed adjustment amount, it is necessary to determine whether the rotation speed of the external fan is greater than the maximum rotation speed. When the rotation speed is greater than the maximum rotation speed, control the external fan to Run at the highest speed to prevent external fan failure.
  • the speed control method further includes: obtaining the suction temperature of the compressor; calculating the suction superheat of the compressor based on the suction temperature and a preset low temperature threshold; judging the suction superheat and the suction superheat The magnitude of the superheat threshold; based on the judgment result, the preset low temperature threshold is corrected.
  • the air conditioner when the air conditioner is operating normally, its suction superheat cannot be too high or too low. If it is too high, it will cause the refrigerant to overheat and damage the refrigerant oil of the compressor, which may cause deterioration of the refrigerant oil of the compressor and affect the normal operation of the system.
  • the preset low temperature threshold can be further corrected, and then the speed of the external fan can be adjusted through the revised preset low temperature threshold, so that the air conditioning system can always work at a better State to prevent excessively high or low intake air from adversely affecting system operation.
  • the suction temperature of the compressor can be detected by a temperature sensor installed on the refrigerant pipeline connected to the suction port of the compressor.
  • the corresponding relationship between the data collected by the aforementioned low temperature sensor and the saturation temperature corresponding to the suction pressure can be seen .
  • the preset low temperature threshold the saturation temperature corresponding to the suction pressure of the compressor in the ideal operating state of the current outdoor ambient temperature can be indirectly determined.
  • the suction superheat the suction temperature-the preset low temperature threshold.
  • the suction superheat When the suction superheat is greater than the suction superheat threshold, it proves that either the compressor suction temperature is too high , Either the saturation temperature corresponding to the suction pressure of the compressor is too low (that is, the preset low temperature threshold is too low).
  • T 2tar is the preset low temperature threshold under the current outdoor ambient temperature
  • T 2tar ′ is the revised preset low temperature threshold.
  • T 2tar is the preset low temperature threshold under the current outdoor ambient temperature
  • T 2tar ′ is the revised preset low temperature threshold.
  • the coefficients 1.02 and 0.98 are not unique, and those skilled in the art can flexibly adjust based on actual application scenarios, and the adjustment does not deviate from the principle of this application.
  • the air conditioner runs in heating mode.
  • obtain the indoor ambient temperature T ia and compare it with the user-set temperature T set ⁇
  • T set -T ia ⁇ 0 is established, prove the current indoor ambient temperature
  • the air conditioner is controlled to stop; when T set -T ia ⁇ 0 is not established, it proves that the heating mode needs to be run to increase the temperature of the room.
  • the external fan After the external fan starts to run, detect the temperature T def of the low temperature sensor and compare it with the preset low temperature threshold T 2tar ⁇
  • the control method of the present application can realize the stepless speed regulation of the external fan, so that the external fan can be adjusted continuously.
  • the speed of the fan is matched with the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger and indirectly matched with the system pressure to reduce the influence of the speed of the external fan on the air conditioning system.
  • the high/low temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger basically does not fluctuate too much, which improves the system Reliability and stability of operation.
  • the step of controlling the start of the external fan based on the difference between the indoor ambient temperature and the set temperature can be omitted; another example, the step of determining the initial speed based on the outdoor ambient temperature can be performed at any time before the external fan is started; another example, correction
  • the steps of presetting the high temperature threshold and the low temperature threshold can be performed when the control method is executed to any step.
  • this application can also be applied to single refrigeration or single heating air conditioners.

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Abstract

一种空调外风机（7）的转速控制方法，旨在解决现有空调外风机（7）存在的调节精度低的问题。包括：在外风机（7）启动后，获取室外换热器（3）的盘管温度；比较盘管温度与预设温度阈值的大小；基于比较结果，选择性地控制外风机（7）的转速提高或降低一个转速调节量；其中，预设温度阈值基于室外环境温度确定。通过基于室外换热器（3）的盘管温度与预设温度阈值的大小选择性地控制外风机（7）的转速提高或降低一个转速调节量，使得该控制方法能够实现外风机（7）的无极调速，使得外风机（7）的转速与室外机的盘管温度相匹配，减小外风机（7）转速对空调系统带来的影响，保证空调系统的稳定运行。

Description

空调外风机的转速控制方法 技术领域
本发明涉及空调技术领域，具体涉及一种空调外风机的转速控制方法。
背景技术
室外机作为空调系统的一部分，在空调循环过程中起着举足轻重的作用。目前对空调外风机的转速控制基本上都是基于系统高低压压力来进行控制的。通常为实现转速控制，空调外风机选用直流风机，控制过程中，基于检测到的系统压力的高低调整直流风机的转速，使该转速与当前的系统压力或盘管温度相适应。
但是现有的控制方式即时采用了直流风机，其也将直流风机的转速分为多个档位进行调节。而实际应用中，为方便控制，通常档位设置不会太多，因此各个档位之间会由于空调外风机自身的转速区间较大(通常风机的转速区间在几百转至几千转之间)而导致转速差异较大，进而在调整风速的同时对空调系统的高低压力影响也较大，不利于空调系统的稳定运行。
相应地，本领域需要一种新的空调外风机的转速控制方法来解决上述问题。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中的上述问题，即为了解决现有空调外风机存在的调节精度低的问题，本发明提供了一种空调外风机的转速控制方法，所述空调的室外换热器配置有所述外风机，所述转速控制方法包括：在外风机启动后，获取所述室外换热器的盘管温度；比较所述盘管温度与预设温度阈值的大小；基于比较结果，选择性地控制所述外风机的转速提高或降低一个转速调节量；其中，所述预设温度阈值基于室外环境温度确定。
在上述空调外风机的转速控制方法的优选技术方案中，所述空调运行制冷模式时，所述盘管温度与所述空调的高压压力对应的饱和温度之间具有对应关系，所述预设温度阈值为预设高温阈值，“基于比较 结果，选择性地控制所述外风机的转速提高或降低一个转速调节量”的步骤进一步包括：
当所述盘管温度大于所述预设高温阈值时，控制所述外风机的转速提高一个所述转速调节量；
当所述盘管温度小于所述预设高温阈值时，控制所述外风机的转速降低一个所述转速调节量。
在上述空调外风机的转速控制方法的优选技术方案中，所述空调运行制热模式时，所述盘管温度与所述空调的低压压力对应的饱和温度之间具有对应关系，所述预设温度阈值为预设低温阈值，“基于比较结果，选择性地控制所述外风机的转速提高或降低一个转速调节量”的步骤进一步包括：
当所述盘管温度小于所述预设低温阈值时，控制所述外风机的转速提高一个所述转速调节量；
当所述盘管温度大于所述预设低温阈值时，控制所述外风机的转速降低一个所述转速调节量。
在上述空调外风机的转速控制方法的优选技术方案中，在“控制所述外风机的转速提高一个所述转速调节量”的步骤之后，所述转速控制方法还包括：
判断所述外风机的转速是否大于其最高转速；
如果是，则控制所述外风机以所述最高转速运行。
在上述空调外风机的转速控制方法的优选技术方案中，在“控制所述外风机的转速降低一个所述转速调节量”的步骤之后，所述转速控制方法还包括：
判断所述外风机的转速是否小于其最低转速；
若果是，则控制所述外风机以所述最低转速运行。
在上述空调外风机的转速控制方法的优选技术方案中，在“在外风机启动”的步骤之前，所述转速控制方法还包括：
基于所述室外环境温度，确定所述外风机的初始转速；
基于所述初始转速，控制所述外风机启动。
在上述空调外风机的转速控制方法的优选技术方案中，在“在外风机启动”的步骤之前，所述转速控制方法还包括：
获取室内环境温度；
计算所述室内环境温度与设定温度之间的差值；
在所述差值满足预设条件时，控制所述外风机启动。
在上述空调外风机的转速控制方法的优选技术方案中，所述转速控制方法还包括：
获取所述空调的压缩机的排气温度；
基于所述排气温度和所述预设高温阈值，计算所述压缩机的排气过热度；
判断所述排气过热度与排气过热度阈值的大小；
基于判断结果，对所述预设高温阈值进行修正。
在上述空调外风机的转速控制方法的优选技术方案中，所述转速控制方法还包括：
获取所述空调的压缩机的吸气温度；
基于所述吸气温度和所述预设低温阈值，计算所述压缩机的吸气过热度；
判断所述吸气过热度与吸气过热度阈值的大小；
基于判断结果，对所述预设低温阈值进行修正。
在上述空调外风机的转速控制方法的优选技术方案中，所述转速调节量大于所述外风机的转速误差。
本领域技术人员能够理解的是，在本发明的优选技术方案中，空调的室外换热器配置有外风机，空调外风机的转速控制方法包括：在外风机启动后，获取室外换热器的盘管温度；比较盘管温度与预设温度阈值的大小；基于比较结果，选择性地控制外风机的转速提高或降低一个转速调节量；其中，预设温度阈值基于室外环境温度确定。
通过基于室外换热器的盘管温度与预设温度阈值的大小选择性地控制外风机的转速提高或降低一个转速调节量，使得本申请的控制方法能够实现外风机的无极调速，使得外风机的转速与室外机的盘管温度相匹配，减小外风机转速对空调系统带来的影响，保证空调系统的稳定运行。
进一步地，通过基于室外环境温度确定预设温度阈值，可以保证预设温度阈值与当前室外环境温度相匹配，使得外风机转速调整后的空调运行在当前室外环境温度下的最佳的状态。
进一步地，通过基于排气过热度修正预设高温阈值，然后基于修正后的预设高温阈值进一步调节外风机的转速，使得空调系统能够始终工作在较佳的状态，防止排气过热度过高或过低对系统运行造成不利影响。同样地，通过基于吸气过热度修正预设低温阈值，然后基于修正后的预设低温阈值进一步调节外风机的转速，使得空调系统能够始终 工作在较佳的状态，防止吸气过热度过高或过低对系统运行造成的不利影响。
进一步地，通过设置转速调节量大于外风机的转速误差，还使得每次外风机的转速调节都能够有效进行，避免转速“假调节”的现象出现。
附图说明
下面参照附图来描述本发明的空调外风机的转速控制方法。附图中：
图1为本发明的空调的系统示意图；
图2为本发明的空调外风机的转速控制方法的流程图；
图3为本发明的空调制冷运行时外风机的初始转速-室外环境温度关系图；
图4为本发明的空调制冷运行时外风机的转速控制逻辑图；
图5为本发明的空调制热运行时外风机的初始转速-室外环境温度关系图；
图6为本发明的空调制热运行时外风机的转速控制逻辑图。
附图标记列表
1、压缩机；2、四通阀；3、室外换热器；4、电子膨胀阀；5、室内换热器；6、气液分离器；7、外风机；8、内风机；9、高压传感器；10、低压传感器；11、高温传感器；12、低温传感器。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图来描述本发明的优选实施方式。本领域技术人员应当理解的是，这些实施方式仅仅用于解释本发明的技术原理，并非旨在限制本发明的保护范围。例如，虽然本实施方式是结合单联机进行介绍的，但是这并非旨在于限制本发明的保护范围，在不偏离本发明原理的条件下，本领域技术人员可以将本发明应用于其他应用场景。例如，本申请还能够应用于中央空调，多联机空调等。
需要说明的是，在本发明的描述中，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方向或位置关系的术语是基于附图所示的方向或位置关系，这仅仅是为了便于描述，而不是指示或暗示所述装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和 操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
此外，还需要说明的是，在本发明的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域技术人员而言，可根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
接下来参照图1，对本申请的空调结构进行描述。其中，图1为本发明的空调的系统示意图。
如图1所示，本申请的空调包括通过冷媒管路连接的压缩机1、四通阀2、室外换热器3、电子膨胀阀4、室内换热器5和气液分离器6，室外换热器配置有外风机7，室内换热器配置有内风机8，优选地，为实现外风机7的调速，本申请中外风机7选择直流风机。按图1所示的连接状态，压缩机1的排气口与四通阀2的接口d连通，四通阀2的接口c与室外换热器3的进口连通，室外换热器3的出口与电子膨胀阀4的进口连通，电子膨胀阀4的出口与室内换热器5的进口连通，室内换热器5的出口与四通阀2的接口e连通，四通阀2的接口s与气液分离器6的进气管连通，气液分离器6的出气管与压缩机1的吸气口连通。其中，压缩机1的排气口所连接的冷媒管路上设置有高压传感器9，气液分离器6的进气管所连接的冷媒管路上设置有低压传感器10，室外换热器3的盘管上还设置有高温传感器11和低温传感器12。
下面参照图2，对本申请的空调外风机的转速控制方法进行描述。其中，图2为本发明的空调外风机的转速控制方法的流程图。
如图2所示，为解决现有空调外风机存在的调节精度低的问题，本申请的空调外风机的转速控制方法主要包括如下步骤：
S100、在外风机启动后，获取室外换热器的盘管温度；例如，在外风机启动后，通过设置在室外换热器盘管上的温度传感器获取室外换热器的盘管温度；其中，可参照图1，当空调运行制冷模式时，采集的温度为高温传感器11的温度；当空调运行制热模式时，采集的温度为低温传感器12的温度。
S200、比较盘管温度与预设温度阈值的大小；例如，在一种较为优选的实施方式中，预设温度阈值基于室外环境温度确定，具体地，以制冷模式为例，预设温度阈值可按照如下方式确定：空调运行制冷模 式时，调节空调的各个元器件的工作参数(如压缩机频率、膨胀阀开度、外风机转速等)，使空调处于较佳的运行状态，记录此时室外换热器盘管上的高温传感器的温度，并将该温度作为当前室外环境温度下的预设高温阈值。制热模式与此类似，其将空调处于较佳运行状态时的低温传感器采集的温度作为当前室外环境温度下的预设低温阈值。在获取到盘管温度后，将该盘管温度与当前室外环境温度下的预设温度阈值进行比较，即制冷模式时，将高温传感器检测的盘管温度值与预设高温阈值进行比较，制热模式时，将低温传感器检测的盘管温度与预设低温阈值进行比较。
S300、基于比较结果，选择性地控制外风机的转速提高或降低一个转速调节量；例如，转速调节量可以为一个较小的转速值，如转速调节量可以为5-20rpm(Revolutions Per Minute，每分钟转速)中的任意值，该转速值远小于现有技术中各个风机档位之间的转速差值。在比较出盘管温度与预设温度阈值的大小后，便可以知道当前室外换热器的盘管温度是否满足要求，从而在盘管温度不满足要求时通过调节外风机转速来改变其温度。比如，在制冷模式下，盘管温度大于预设高温阈值，证明此时室外换热器中的冷媒温度过高，间接说明压缩机的排气压力过高，不利于空调稳定运行，此时通过控制外风机的转速提高一个转速调节量，如转速提高10rpm，来提高室外机的换热量，降低室外换热器的冷媒温度，进而降低压缩机的排气压力；当盘管温度小于预设高温阈值时，证明此时室外换热器中的冷媒温度过低，间接说明压缩机的排气压力过低，压缩机可能有液击的风险，此时通过控制外风机的转速降低一个转速调节量，如降低10rpm，来降低室外机的换热量，提高室外换热器的冷媒温度，进而提高压缩机的排气压力。其中，改变外风机的转速可以通过调节外风机的直流电机的电压或励磁电流等方式进行，该调节方法现已较为成熟，在此不再赘述。
通过基于室外换热器的盘管温度与预设温度阈值的大小选择性地控制外风机的转速提高或降低一个转速调节量，使得本申请的控制方法能够实现外风机的无极调速，使得外风机的转速与室外机的盘管温度相匹配，减小外风机转速对空调系统带来的影响，保证空调系统的稳定运行。进一步地，通过基于室外环境温度确定预设温度阈值，可以保证预设温度阈值与当前室外环境温度相匹配，使得外风机转速调整后的空调运行在当前室外环境温度下的最佳的状态。
下面参照图3和图4，以空调运行制冷模式为例对本申请的转速控制方法进行说明。其中，图3为本发明的空调制冷运行时外风机的初始转速-室外环境温度关系图；图4为本发明的空调制冷运行时外风机的转速控制逻辑图。
如图4所示，在一种可能的实施方式中，步骤S100之前，转速控制方法还包括：获取室内环境温度；计算室内环境温度与设定温度之间的差值；在差值满足预设条件时，控制外风机启动。具体地，空调在收到制冷运行指令后，首先通过设置在室内的温度传感器获取室内环境温度，然后判断室内环境温度与用户的设定温度之间的大小，当室内环境温度与设定温度之差大于零时，证明此时室内环境温度未达到用户设定的温度，需要对室内进行制冷降温，此时控制压缩机、外风机、内风机、电子膨胀阀等必要元器件启动，空调开始制冷循环。当室内环境温度与设定温度之差小于等于零时，证明此时室内环境温度已经达到用户设定的温度，空调无需进行制冷，此时控制空调停机或不启动。
在一种可能的实施方式中，步骤S100之前，转速控制方法还包括：基于室外环境温度，确定外风机的初始转速；基于初始转速，控制外风机启动。具体地，在室内环境温度与设定温度之差大于零时，即确定外风机需要启动时，需要空调制冷运行，此时通过设置在室外的温度传感器获取室外环境温度，然后基于获取到的室外环境温度，确定外风机的初始转速。其中，外风机的初始转速可以通过查图、查表或计算的方式确定。
参照图3，在一种可能的实施方式中，可以事先通过试验确定出几个室外环境温度对应的外风机初始转速，然后基于室外环境温度与外风机的初始转速之间的对照关系拟合出一条曲线，当需要确定外风机的初始转速时，按照插值法从曲线上进行取值。例如，如图3中所示，当室外环境温度T oa≥43℃时，令外风机的初始转速F 1＝F 1max；室外环境温度当T oa＜10℃时，令外风机的初始转速F 1＝0，从而基于上述数据拟合出一条初始转速-室外环境温度温度曲线，当10≤T oa＜43℃时，按照插值法进行取值。
当然，上述示例仅仅用于说明确定外风机的初始转速的一种具体的拟合方式，本领域技术人员还可以采用其他方式确定外风机的初始转速。比如，在上述示例的启示下，可以采用多组室外环境温度与外风机的初始转速进行拟合，拟合出的曲线既可以是直线，也可以是曲线或阶梯线等。
返回参照图1，在一种较为优选的实施方式中，高温传感器11可以按照如下方式设置：将高温传感器11设置在其检测的温度能够与空调的高压压力对应的饱和温度具有确定对应关系的位置。例如，在选择设置位置时，进行多组试验，先测量压缩机的排气压力(即空调的高压压力)，然后确定该排气压力对应的饱和温度，最后将高温传感器11设置在与该饱和温度大致相等的位置。如图1所示，本申请中将高温传感器11设置在室外换热器3按冷媒流动方向的中下游处的盘管上，该处的温度能够较为准确的反映出压缩机1的排气压力对应的饱和温度。当然，本领域技术人员能够理解的是，在能够有效反映出压缩机1的排气压力对应的饱和温度的前提下，高温传感器11还可以设置在室外换热器3的其他位置。例如，高温传感器11还可以设置在与压缩机1的排气压力对应的饱和温度成一定比例的位置。
在一种可能的实施方式中，预设高温阈值可以按照如下方式确定：通过试验确定出不同室外环境温度下空调运行时较佳的室外换热器的盘管温度，并将该温度作为该室外环境温度下的预设高温阈值，然后基于预设高温阈值与室外环境温度之间的对照关系拟合出一个自变量为室外环境温度，因变量为预设高温阈值的函数，当需要确定当前室外环境温度下的预设高温阈值时，将室外环境温度输入该函数即可确定预设高温阈值。
举例而言，当室外环境温度T oa≥43℃时，试验确定出室外换热器的较佳盘管温度T 1tar＝53℃。当室外环境温度T oa≤10℃时，确定出室外换热器的较佳盘管温度T 1tar＝15℃。基于两组数据，可拟合出函数T 1tar＝T oa+5/33×(T oa-10)+5。因此，当室外环境温度10＜T oa＜43℃时，将该室外环境温度带入上述函数，即可确定当前室外环境温度下的预设高温阈值。
当然，上述示例仅仅用于说明确定预设高温阈值的一种具体的拟合方式，本领域技术人员还可以采用其他方式确定预设高温阈值。比如，在上述示例的启示下，可以采用多组室外环境温度与对应的盘管温度进行函数的拟合，或者也可以基于上述数据拟合出曲线，并基于插值法确定不同室外环境温度下的预设高温阈值。
参照图4，在一种可能的实施方式中，如上所述，当空调运行制冷模式时，采集的盘管温度与压缩机的高压压力对应的饱和温度之间具有大致相等的关系，预设温度阈值对应的为预设高温阈值，在这种情况下，步骤S300进一步包括：当盘管温度大于预设高温阈值时，控制 外风机的转速提高一个转速调节量；当盘管温度小于预设高温阈值时，控制外风机的转速降低一个转速调节量；当盘管温度等于预设高温阈值时，控制外风机保持当前转速。
举例而言，当判断出盘管温度大于预设高温阈值时，证明此时室外换热器中冷媒的温度过高，间接证明压缩机的排气压力过高，不利于空调稳定运行，此时通过控制外风机的转速提高一个转速调节量，如转速提高10rpm，来提高室外机的换热量，降低室外换热器中冷媒的温度，进而降低压缩机的排气压力；当盘管温度小于预设高温阈值时，证明此时室外换热器中冷媒的温度过低，间接证明压缩机的排气压力过低，压缩机可能有液击的风险，此时通过控制外风机的转速降低一个转速调节量，如降低10rpm，来降低室外机的换热量，提高室外换热器中冷媒的温度，进而提高压缩机的排气压力。当盘管温度等于预设高温阈值时，证明此时室外换热器中的冷媒温度处于较佳的温度区间，间接证明压缩机的排气压力也处于较佳的状态，因此保持外风机的当前转速即可。
其中，较为优选地，转速调节量大于外风机的转速误差。本领域技术人员能够理解，任何直流电机在转动时都存在转动误差，该误差可以通过试验测得，或在出厂时已经标记在电机铭牌上或说明书中。通常，该转速误差很小，例如，申请人实测本申请中所采用的直流电机的转速误差为±5rpm，所以本申请中外风机的转速调节量可设置为大于5rpm，如本申请中转速调节量可设置为10rpm，以便每次外风机的转速调节都能够有效进行，避免转速“假调节”的情况出现。当然，转速调节量的大小本领域技术人员可以基于实际采用的外风机进行确定，这种数值的改变并未超出本申请的保护范围。
继续参照图4，在一种可能的实施方式中，在步骤S300之后，即对外风机的转速进行调整后，本申请的控制方法还包括：在控制外风机的转速提高一个转速调节量后，判断外风机的转速是否大于其最高转速；如果是，则控制外风机以最高转速运行。在控制外风机的转速降低一个转速调节量后，判断外风机的转速是否小于其最低转速；若果是，则控制外风机以最低转速运行。
举例而言，本领域技术人员知晓，外风机的转速存在最大和最小值，当外风机的转速超出最大值或低于最小值时，容易引起外风机的故障和损坏。因此，当检测到的盘管温度大于预设高温阈值时，控制外风机的转速提高一个转速调节量后，需要判断外风机的转速是否大于最高转速，当转速大于最高转速时，控制外风机以最高转速运行，以防 止外风机故障。同样地，当检测到的盘管温度小于预设高温阈值时，控制外风机的转速降低一个转速调节量后，需要判断外风机的转速是否小于最低转速，当转速小于最低转速时，控制外风机以最低转速运行，以防止外风机故障。其中，虽然本申请中没有就外风机的最高转速和最低转速的具体数值进行说明，但是这并不代表本申请无法实施，相反，本领域技术人员知晓，直流电机的最高转速和最低转速对于不同型号的风机有所不同，如直流电机的最低转速可以为零，也可以为大于零的任何数值。
在一种可能的实施方式中，转速控制方法还包括：获取压缩机的排气温度；基于排气温度和预设高温阈值，计算压缩机的排气过热度；判断排气过热度与排气过热度阈值的大小；基于判断结果，对预设高温阈值进行修正。具体地，空调正常运转时，其排气过热度不能太高，也不能太低。如果太高，则会引起冷媒过热，对压缩机冷冻油有损害，可能会引起压缩机的冷冻油变质，影响系统正常运行。如果太低，则会冷媒压缩不充分，有液压缩的可能性，对系统不利，影响系统寿命。因此，在对外风机的转速进行调节的过程中，还可以进一步对预设高温阈值进行修正，进而通过修正后的预设高温阈值对外风机的转速进行调整，使空调系统能够始终工作在较佳的状态，防止排气过热度过高或过低对系统运行造成不利影响。
举例而言，通过设置在压缩机排气口连接的冷媒管路上的温度传感器可以检测压缩机的排气温度，由前述高温传感器采集的数据与排气压力对应的饱和温度之间的对应关系可知，通过预设高温阈值可以间接确定压缩机在当前室外环境温度的理想运行状态下的排气压力对应的饱和温度，此时排气过热度＝排气温度-预设高温阈值。当计算出排气过热度后，比较排气过热度与预设的排气过热度阈值的大小，当排气过热度大于排气过热度阈值时，证明要么是压缩机的排气温度过高、要么是压缩机的排气压力对应的饱和温度过低(亦即预设高温阈值过低)，此时可以对预设高温阈值T 1tar进行正向修正，如可以令T 1tar’＝1.02×T 1tar。其中，T 1tar为当前室外环境温度下的预设高温阈值，T 1tar’为修正后的预设高温阈值。同样地，排气过热度小于排气过热度阈值时，证明要么是压缩机的排气温度过低、要么是压缩机的排气压力对应的饱和温度过高(亦即预设高温阈值过高)，此时可以对预设高温阈值T 1tar进行负向修正，如可以令T 1tar’＝0.98×T 1tar。其中，T 1tar为当前室外环境温度下的预设高温阈值，T 1tar’为修正后的预设高温阈值。当然，系数1.02和0.98 并非唯一，本领域技术人员可以基于实际应用场景进行灵活调整，该调整并未偏离本申请的原理。
下面参照图4，对空调运行制冷模式下的一种可能的控制过程进行描述。
如图4所示，空调开机后以制冷模式运行，首先获取室内环境温度T ia并与用户设定的温度T set进行比较→当T ia-T set≤0成立时，证明当前室内环境温度已经达到设定温度，控制空调停机；当T ia-T set≤0不成立时，则证明需要运行制冷模式对室内进行降温，此时基于当前的室外环境温度确定外风机的初始转速F 1i和预设高温阈值T 1tar，并基于初始转速F 1i控制空调的外风机开始运行→外风机开始运行后，检测高温传感器的温度T c，并将其与预设高温阈值T 1tar进行比较→当T c＝T 1tar成立时，控制外风机维持当前的转速F 1i；当T c＝T 1tar不成立时，进一步判断二者的大小→(1)当T c＞T 1tar时，控制外风机的转速上升10rpm，即F 1i+1＝F 1i+10，并判断F 1i+1＞F 1max是否成立→如果成立，则控制外风机以F 1max运行，然后间隔10s后返回重新判断T c与T 1tar的关系；如果不成立，则控制外风机以F 1i+1运行，然后间隔10s后返回重新判断T c与T 1tar的关系→(2)当T c＜T 1tar时，控制外风机的转速下降10rpm，即F 1i+1＝F 1i-10，并判断F 1i+1＜F 1min是否成立→如果成立，则控制外风机以F 1min运行，然后间隔10s后返回重新判断T c与T 1tar的关系；如果不成立，则控制外风机以F 1i+1运行，然后间隔10s后返回重新判断T c与T 1tar的关系。
下面参照图5和图6，以空调运行制热模式为例对本申请的转速控制方法进行说明。其中，图5为本发明的空调制热运行时外风机的初始转速-室外环境温度关系图；图6为本发明的空调制热运行时外风机的转速控制逻辑图。
如图6所示，在一种可能的实施方式中，步骤S100之前，转速控制方法还包括：获取室内环境温度；计算室内环境温度与设定温度之间的差值；在差值满足预设条件时，控制外风机启动。具体地，空调在收到制热运行指令后，首先通过设置在室内的温度传感器获取室内环境温度，然后判断用户的设定温度与室内环境温度之间的大小，当设定温度与室内环境温度之差大于零时，证明此时室内环境温度未达到用户设定的温度，需要对室内进行制热升温，此时控制压缩机、外风机、内风机、电子膨胀阀等必要元器件启动，空调开始制热循环。当设定温度与室内环境温度之差小于等于零时，证明此时室内环境温度已经达到用户设定的温度，空调无需进行制热，此时控制空调停机或不启动。
在一种可能的实施方式中，步骤S100之前，转速控制方法还包括：基于室外环境温度，确定外风机的初始转速；基于初始转速，控制外风机启动。具体地，在设定温度与室内环境温度之差大于零时，即确定外风机需要启动时，需要空调制热运行，此时通过设置在室外的温度传感器获取室外环境温度，然后基于获取到的室外环境温度，确定外风机的初始转速。其中，外风机的初始转速可以通过查图、查表或计算的方式确定。
参照图5，在一种可能的实施方式中，可以事先通过试验确定出几个室外环境温度对应的外风机初始转速，然后基于室外环境温度与外风机的初始转速之间的对照关系拟合出一条曲线，当需要确定外风机的初始转速时，按照插值法从曲线上进行取值。例如，如图5中所示，当室外环境温度T oa≤7℃时，令外风机的初始转速F 2＝F 2max，当室外环境温度当T oa≥21℃时，令外风机的初始转速F 2＝0。从而基于上述数据拟合出一条初始转速-室外环境温度温度曲线，当7＜T oa＜21℃时，按照插值法进行取值。
当然，上述示例仅仅用于说明确定外风机的初始转速的一种具体的拟合方式，本领域技术人员还可以采用其他方式确定外风机的初始转速。比如，在上述示例的启示下，可以采用多组室外环境温度与外风机的初始转速进行拟合，拟合出的曲线既可以是直线，也可以是曲线或阶梯线等。
返回参照图1，在一种较为优选的实施方式中，低温传感器12可以按照如下方式设置：将低温传感器12设置在其检测的温度能够与空调的低压压力对应的饱和温度具有确定对应关系的位置。例如，在选择设置位置时，进行多组试验，先测量压缩机的吸气压力(即空调的低压压力)，然后确定该吸气压力对应的饱和温度，最后将低温传感器12设置在与该饱和温度大致相等的位置。如图1所示，本申请中将低温传感器12设置在室外换热器3按冷媒流动方向的入口处的盘管上，该处的温度能够较为准确的反映出压缩机1的吸气压力对应的饱和温度。当然，本领域技术人员能够理解的是，在能够有效反映出压缩机1的吸气压力对应的饱和温度的前提下，低温传感器12还可以设置在室外换热器3的其他位置。例如，低温传感器12还可以设置在与压缩机1的吸气压力对应的饱和温度成一定比例的位置。
在一种可能的实施方式中，预设低温阈值可以按照如下方式确定：通过试验确定出不同室外环境温度下空调运行时较佳的室外换热 器的盘管温度，并将该温度作为该室外环境温度下的预设低温阈值，然后基于预设低温阈值与室外环境温度之间的对照关系拟合出一个自变量为室外环境温度，因变量为预设低温阈值的函数，当需要确定当前室外环境温度下的预设低温阈值时，将室外环境温度输入该函数即可确定预设低温阈值。
举例而言，当室外环境温度T oa≥21℃时，试验确定出室外换热器的较佳盘管温度T 2tar＝18℃。当室外环境温度T oa≤7℃时，确定出室外换热器的较佳盘管温度T 2tar＝1℃，经试验此时室外机蒸发温度比较高，机器不会结霜，且制热效果较佳。基于两组数据，可拟合出函数T 2tar＝T oa-3+3/14×(T oa-21)。因此，当室外环境温度7＜T oa＜21℃时，将该室外环境温度带入上述函数，即可确定当前室外环境温度下的预设低温阈值。
当然，上述示例仅仅用于说明确定预设低温阈值的一种具体的拟合方式，本领域技术人员还可以采用其他方式确定预设低温阈值。比如，在上述示例的启示下，可以采用多组室外环境温度与对应的盘管温度进行函数的拟合，或者也可以基于上述数据拟合出曲线，并基于插值法确定不同室外环境温度下的预设低温阈值。
参照图6，在一种可能的实施方式中，如上所述，当空调运行制热模式时，采集的盘管温度与压缩机的低压压力对应的饱和温度之间具有大致相等的关系，预设温度阈值对应的为预设低温阈值，在这种情况下，步骤S300进一步包括：当盘管温度小于预设低温阈值时，控制外风机的转速提高一个转速调节量；当盘管温度大于预设低温阈值时，控制外风机的转速降低一个转速调节量；当盘管温度等于预设低温阈值时，控制外风机保持当前转速。
举例而言，当判断出盘管温度小于预设低温阈值时，证明此时室外换热器中冷媒的温度过低，间接证明压缩机的吸气压力过低，压缩机可能有液击的风险，此时通过控制外风机的转速提高一个转速调节量，如转速提高10rpm，来提高室外机的换热量，提高室外换热器中冷媒的温度，进而提高压缩机的吸气压力；当盘管温度大于预设低温阈值时，证明此时室外换热器中冷媒的温度过高，间接证明压缩机的吸气压力过高，不利于空调稳定运行，此时通过控制外风机的转速降低一个转速调节量，如降低10rpm，来降低室外机的换热量，降低室外换热器中冷媒的温度，进而降低压缩机的吸气压力。当盘管温度等于预设低温阈值时， 证明此时室外换热器中的冷媒温度处于较佳的温度区间，间接证明压缩机的吸气压力也处于较佳的状态，因此保持外风机的当前转速即可。
其中，较为优选地，转速调节量大于外风机的转速误差。本领域技术人员能够理解，任何直流电机在转动时都存在转动误差，该误差可以通过试验测得，或在出厂时已经标记在电机铭牌上或说明书中。通常，该转速误差很小，例如，申请人实测本申请中所采用的直流电机的转速误差为±5rpm，所以本申请中外风机的转速调节量可设置为大于5rpm，如本申请中转速调节量可设置为10rpm，以便每次外风机的转速调节都能够有效进行，避免转速“假调节”的情况出现。当然，转速调节量的大小本领域技术人员可以基于实际采用的外风机进行确定，这种数值的改变并未超出本申请的保护范围。
继续参照图6，在一种可能的实施方式中，在步骤S300之后，即对外风机的转速进行调整后，本申请的控制方法还包括：在控制外风机的转速提高一个转速调节量后，判断外风机的转速是否大于其最高转速；如果是，则控制外风机以最高转速运行。在控制外风机的转速降低一个转速调节量后，判断外风机的转速是否小于其最低转速；若果是，则控制外风机以最低转速运行。
举例而言，本领域技术人员知晓，外风机的转速存在最大和最小值，当外风机的转速超出最大值或低于最小值时，容易引起外风机的故障和损坏。因此，当检测到的盘管温度小于预设低温阈值时，控制外风机的转速提高一个转速调节量后，需要判断外风机的转速是否大于最高转速，当转速大于最高转速时，控制外风机以最高转速运行，以防止外风机故障。同样地，当检测到的盘管温度大于预设低温阈值时，控制外风机的转速降低一个转速调节量后，需要判断外风机的转速是否小于最低转速，当转速小于最低转速时，控制外风机以最低转速运行，以防止外风机故障。其中，虽然本申请中没有就外风机的最高转速和最低转速的具体数值进行说明，但是这并不代表本申请无法实施，相反，本领域技术人员知晓，直流电机的最高转速和最低转速对于不同型号的风机有所不同，如直流电机的最低转速可以为零，也可以为大于零的任何数值。
在一种可能的实施方式中，转速控制方法还包括：获取压缩机的吸气温度；基于吸气温度和预设低温阈值，计算压缩机的吸气过热度；判断吸气过热度与吸气过热度阈值的大小；基于判断结果，对预设低温阈值进行修正。具体地，空调正常运转时，其吸气过热度不能太高， 也不能太低。如果太高，则会引起冷媒过热，对压缩机冷冻油有损害，可能会引起压缩机的冷冻油变质，影响系统正常运行。如果太低，则会冷媒压缩不充分，有液压缩的可能性，对系统不利，影响系统寿命。因此，在对外风机的转速进行调节的过程中，还可以进一步对预设低温阈值进行修正，进而通过修正后的预设低温阈值对外风机的转速进行调整，使空调系统能够始终工作在较佳的状态，防止吸气过热度过高或过低对系统运行造成不利影响。
举例而言，通过设置在压缩机吸气口连接的冷媒管路上的温度传感器可以检测压缩机的吸气温度，由前述低温传感器采集的数据与吸气压力对应的饱和温度之间的对应关系可知，通过预设低温阈值可以间接确定压缩机在当前室外环境温度的理想运行状态下的吸气压力对应的饱和温度，此时吸气过热度＝吸气温度-预设低温阈值。当计算出吸气过热度后，比较吸气过热度与预设的吸气过热度阈值的大小，当吸气过热度大于吸气过热度阈值时，证明要么是压缩机的吸气温度过高、要么是压缩机的吸气压力对应的饱和温度过低(亦即预设低温阈值过低)，此时可以对预设低温阈值T 2tar进行正向修正，如可以令T 2tar’＝1.02×T 2tar。其中，T 2tar为当前室外环境温度下的预设低温阈值，T 2tar’为修正后的预设低温阈值。同样地，吸气过热度小于吸气过热度阈值时，证明要么是压缩机的吸气温度过低、要么是压缩机的吸气压力对应的饱和温度过高(亦即预设低温阈值过高)，此时可以对预设低温阈值T 2tar进行负向修正，如可以令T 2tar’＝0.98×T 2tar。其中，T 2tar为当前室外环境温度下的预设低温阈值，T 2tar’为修正后的预设低温阈值。当然，系数1.02和0.98并非唯一，本领域技术人员可以基于实际应用场景进行灵活调整，该调整并未偏离本申请的原理。
下面参照图6，对空调运行制热模式下的一种可能的控制过程进行描述。
如图6所示，空调开机后以制热模式运行，首先获取室内环境温度T ia并与用户设定的温度T set进行比较→当T set-T ia≤0成立时，证明当前室内环境温度已经达到设定温度，控制空调停机；当T set-T ia≤0不成立时，则证明需要运行制热模式对室内进行升温，此时基于当前的室外环境温度确定外风机的初始转速F 2i和预设低温阈值T 2tar，并基于初始转速F 2i控制空调的外风机开始运行→外风机开始运行后，检测低温传感器的温度T def，并将其与预设低温阈值T 2tar进行比较→当T def＝T 2tar成立时，控制外风机维持当前的转速F 2i；当T def＝T 2tar不成立时，进一步判断二者 的大小→(1)当T def＜T 2tar时，控制外风机的转速上升10rpm，即F 2i+1＝F 2i+10，并判断F 2i+1＞F 2max是否成立→如果成立，则控制外风机以F 2max运行，然后间隔10s后返回重新判断T def与T 2tar的关系；如果不成立，则控制外风机以F 2i+1运行，然后间隔10s后返回重新判断T def与T 2tar的关系→(2)当T def＞T 2tar时，控制外风机的转速下降10rpm，即F 2i+1＝F 2i-10，并判断F 2i+1＜F 2min是否成立→如果成立，则控制外风机以F 2min运行，然后间隔10s后返回重新判断T def与T 2tar的关系；如果不成立，则控制外风机以F 2i+1运行，然后间隔10s后返回重新判断T def与T 2tar的关系。
综上所述，通过基于盘管温度与预设温度阈值的大小选择性地控制外风机的转速提高或降低一个转速调节量，使得本申请的控制方法能够实现外风机的无极调速，使得外风机的转速与室外换热器的温度相匹配，间接与系统压力相匹配，减小外风机转速对空调系统带来的影响。在转速调整过程中，由于转速调节量数值小、调节精度高，因此相比于目前的外风机档位来说，室外换热器的高/低温度基本不会出现太大波动，提高了系统运行的可靠性和稳定性。
需要说明的是，尽管上文详细描述了本发明方法的详细步骤，但是，在不偏离本发明的基本原理的前提下，本领域技术人员可以对上述步骤进行组合、拆分及调换顺序，如此修改后的技术方案并没有改变本发明的基本构思，因此也落入本发明的保护范围之内。比如，基于室内环境温度与设定温度之间的差值控制外风机启动的步骤可以省略；再如，基于室外环境温度确定初始转速的步骤可以在外风机启动前任何时间点进行；再如，修正预设高温阈值和预设低温阈值的步骤可以在本控制方法执行到任意步骤时进行。再如，本申请还可以应用于单制冷或单制热空调等。
至此，已经结合附图所示的优选实施方式描述了本发明的技术方案，但是，本领域技术人员容易理解的是，本发明的保护范围显然不局限于这些具体实施方式。在不偏离本发明的原理的前提下，本领域技术人员可以对相关技术特征作出等同的更改或替换，这些更改或替换之后的技术方案都将落入本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种空调外风机的转速控制方法，所述空调的室外换热器配置有所述外风机，其特征在于，所述转速控制方法包括：
    在外风机启动后，获取所述室外换热器的盘管温度；
    比较所述盘管温度与预设温度阈值的大小；
    基于比较结果，选择性地控制所述外风机的转速提高或降低一个转速调节量；
    其中，所述预设温度阈值基于室外环境温度确定。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的空调外风机的转速控制方法，其特征在于，所述空调运行制冷模式时，所述盘管温度与所述空调的高压压力对应的饱和温度之间具有对应关系，所述预设温度阈值为预设高温阈值，“基于比较结果，选择性地控制所述外风机的转速提高或降低一个转速调节量”的步骤进一步包括：
    当所述盘管温度大于所述预设高温阈值时，控制所述外风机的转速提高一个所述转速调节量；
    当所述盘管温度小于所述预设高温阈值时，控制所述外风机的转速降低一个所述转速调节量。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的空调外风机的转速控制方法，其特征在于，所述空调运行制热模式时，所述盘管温度与所述空调的低压压力对应的饱和温度之间具有对应关系，所述预设温度阈值为预设低温阈值，“基于比较结果，选择性地控制所述外风机的转速提高或降低一个转速调节量”的步骤进一步包括：
    当所述盘管温度小于所述预设低温阈值时，控制所述外风机的转速提高一个所述转速调节量；
    当所述盘管温度大于所述预设低温阈值时，控制所述外风机的转速降低一个所述转速调节量。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的空调外风机的转速控制方法，其特征在于， 在“控制所述外风机的转速提高一个所述转速调节量”的步骤之后，所述转速控制方法还包括：
    判断所述外风机的转速是否大于其最高转速；
    如果是，则控制所述外风机以所述最高转速运行。
  5. 根据权利要求2或3所述的空调外风机的转速控制方法，其特征在于，在“控制所述外风机的转速降低一个所述转速调节量”的步骤之后，所述转速控制方法还包括：
    判断所述外风机的转速是否小于其最低转速；
    若果是，则控制所述外风机以所述最低转速运行。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的空调外风机的转速控制方法，其特征在于，在“在外风机启动”的步骤之前，所述转速控制方法还包括：
    基于所述室外环境温度，确定所述外风机的初始转速；
    基于所述初始转速，控制所述外风机启动。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的空调外风机的转速控制方法，其特征在于，在“在外风机启动”的步骤之前，所述转速控制方法还包括：
    获取室内环境温度；
    计算所述室内环境温度与设定温度之间的差值；
    在所述差值满足预设条件时，控制所述外风机启动。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的空调外风机的转速控制方法，其特征在于，所述转速控制方法还包括：
    获取所述空调的压缩机的排气温度；
    基于所述排气温度和所述预设高温阈值，计算所述压缩机的排气过热度；
    判断所述排气过热度与排气过热度阈值的大小；
    基于判断结果，对所述预设高温阈值进行修正。
  9. 根据权利要求3所述的空调外风机的转速控制方法，其特征在于， 所述转速控制方法还包括：
    获取所述空调的压缩机的吸气温度；
    基于所述吸气温度和所述预设低温阈值，计算所述压缩机的吸气过热度；
    判断所述吸气过热度与吸气过热度阈值的大小；
    基于判断结果，对所述预设低温阈值进行修正。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的空调外风机的转速控制方法，其特征在于，所述转速调节量大于所述外风机的转速误差。
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