WO2021135498A1 - 一种减磨损的阀门密封结构及其方法 - Google Patents

一种减磨损的阀门密封结构及其方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021135498A1
WO2021135498A1 PCT/CN2020/120726 CN2020120726W WO2021135498A1 WO 2021135498 A1 WO2021135498 A1 WO 2021135498A1 CN 2020120726 W CN2020120726 W CN 2020120726W WO 2021135498 A1 WO2021135498 A1 WO 2021135498A1
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Prior art keywords
valve
valve stem
packing
snap ring
movable
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PCT/CN2020/120726
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
金志江
于龙杰
钱锦远
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浙江大学
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Application filed by 浙江大学 filed Critical 浙江大学
Priority to JP2022528355A priority Critical patent/JP7316010B2/ja
Publication of WO2021135498A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021135498A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/02—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with screw-spindle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/32—Details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/32—Details
    • F16K1/34—Cutting-off parts, e.g. valve members, seats
    • F16K1/46—Attachment of sealing rings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K27/00—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor
    • F16K27/02—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor of lift valves

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of sealing structures, in particular to a reciprocating contact dynamic seal and stuffing box sealing structure.
  • valve stem In valves such as globe valves, the valve stem is driven to achieve the switching operation of the valve.
  • the valve stem For manually operated valves, the valve stem often drives the valve through the rotation of the thread. Therefore, there is movement and friction between the valve stem and the packing, which leads to the packing of the packing. Wear. Once the packing has been worn for a long time, it will cause the consumption of the packing and the wear and damage of the sealing surface, which will make the packing pressure plate insufficiently compressed, and the problem of sealing failure will cause the leakage of the working medium, which may cause equipment accidents, or even cause Serious consequences of personnel damage.
  • the existing valve stem packing sealing device adopts the method of increasing the pre-tightening force to solve the problem of relatively large leakage of the valve here, and this type of device is widely used in the field of valve stem packing sealing structure.
  • this type of device has problems such as large amount of packing wear and frequent disassembly and replacement of packing.
  • the patents disclosed at this stage mainly focus on high-pressure automatic pre-tightening sealing devices, etc., but there are fewer patents for reducing wear of the packing and improving the service life of the seal.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a valve stem and stuffing box dynamic sealing structure.
  • the present invention uses an upper loading device and a lower loading device to compress the packing under fully open and fully closed conditions, so as to improve the sealing performance of the valve;
  • the elastic force between the packing and the valve stem is reduced, thereby reducing the wear of the packing, achieving good sealing performance and prolonging the service life of the seal at the valve stem.
  • a valve sealing structure with reduced wear which includes a runner, a fixed baffle, a movable gland, a valve bonnet, a spring assembly, a packing, a movable sleeve, a valve stem, a valve body and a valve core;
  • the valve bonnet is fixed to the valve body, and the axial through passage inside the valve body has two stepped end surfaces.
  • the first vertical circular stepped end surface and the first horizontal annular stepped end surface are between the stuffing box passage and the first horizontal
  • a movable sleeve is arranged on the end face of the annular step; between the end face of the second vertical circular step and the end face of the second horizontal annular step is the valve stem middle snap ring passage; the inner side of the end of the third vertical circular step is tapped with internal threads;
  • the runner is fixedly connected with the valve stem, and the valve stem is sequentially provided with an upper snap ring, a middle snap ring and a lower thread that move synchronously from top to bottom.
  • the valve stem penetrates the bottom end of the axial through passage of the valve bonnet and the valve core.
  • Connected, and the lower thread on the valve stem is an external thread, and the internal thread forms a screw pair that drives the valve stem to move axially;
  • the fixed baffle is fixedly connected with the valve cover;
  • the movable gland is coaxially sleeved on the valve stem and is composed of a circular ring body and an embedded part.
  • the embedded part and the stuffing box channel form an axial sliding pair, so
  • the ring body is confined between the fixed baffle and the valve cover;
  • the spring group is arranged under the movable gland, the packing is filled in the stuffing box channel between the spring group and the movable sleeve, and both ends of the spring group They are respectively supported on the lower surface of the movable gland and the upper surface of the packing;
  • the movable gland, the spring group, the packing and the movable sleeve are all restricted from moving in the stuffing box channel outside the valve stem;
  • the movable gland is provided with a first protrusion, and the first protrusion is located on the downward movement path of the upper snap ring. During the downward movement of the upper snap ring with the valve stem, the first protrusion is pushed The part drives the movable gland to move down;
  • the movable sleeve is provided with a second protrusion, and the second protrusion is located on the upward movement path of the middle snap ring. During the upward movement of the middle snap ring with the valve stem, the second protrusion is pushed Drive the movable sleeve to move upward;
  • valve core When the valve stem moves down to the limit position, the valve core completely closes the water flow channel in the valve, and the movable sleeve is attached to the end surface of the first horizontal annular step, the middle snap ring is separated from the second protrusion, and the upper card The ring pushes the movable gland to make the spring group and the packing in a compressed state;
  • valve core completely opens the water flow channel in the valve, and the top of the movable gland is attached to the fixed baffle, the upper snap ring is separated from the first protrusion, and the middle snap ring is pushed
  • the movable sleeve makes the spring pack and the packing in a compressed state.
  • the movable gland is provided with a first inner through groove with a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the snap ring on the valve stem
  • the first protrusion is a first annular body coaxially arranged at the bottom of the first inner through groove And the inner diameter of the first annular body is smaller than the outer diameter of the snap ring on the valve stem.
  • the movable sleeve is provided with a second inner through groove with a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the snap ring in the valve stem
  • the second protrusion is a second annular body coaxially arranged on the top of the second inner through groove And the inner diameter of the second annular body is smaller than the outer diameter of the snap ring in the valve stem.
  • the outer diameter of the upper snap ring of the valve stem is equal to the outer diameter of the middle snap ring and larger than the nominal diameter of the lower thread.
  • the fixed baffle is a cover with a through hole, and the inside of the cover is hollow, serving as a moving space for the movable pressing cover.
  • the fixed baffle is fixed to the top of the valve cover through a bolt group.
  • the spring group and the packing are in a state of maximum compression.
  • a flange is provided at the lower end of the valve cover, and the flange is fixed to the valve body through the flange.
  • the packing fills the stuffing box channel between the spring group and the movable sleeve to form a movable seal.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a wear-reducing valve sealing method using the valve sealing structure of any one of the above solutions, and the steps are as follows:
  • the sleeve reaches the bottom end and fits the end surface of the first horizontal annular step, so that the compression of the packing is minimized, the specific pressure of the packing and the valve stem is reduced, and the wear of the packing is reduced when the valve stem moves; when the valve stem continues to fall , The upper snap ring on the valve stem enters the first inner through groove of the movable gland, and the movable gland is pushed down with the valve stem through the first protrusion, so that the packing is squeezed again; when the valve stem moves to the maximum At the bottom end, the packing is in the maximum compression state, which enhances the sealing effect.
  • the inner thread of the valve bonnet and the lower thread of the valve stem cooperate with each other to form a driving device
  • the movable gland, the spring group, the packing, and the upper snap ring of the valve stem constitute the upper loading of the packing seal Device
  • the movable sleeve and the snap ring in the valve stem constitute the lower loading device of the packing seal.
  • the upper and lower loading devices of the present invention cooperate with each other so that when the valve is opened and closed, the spring group is compressed to form a forced seal, and a pressing force is applied to the sealing packing.
  • the pre-tightened packing is compressed, and the valve stem and the packing are compressed.
  • the uneven micro-gap on the sealing surface between is filled, the pre-tightening pressure on the sealing surface is increased, the leakage of the medium is prevented, and the sealing surface is kept in a good sealing state.
  • the upper and lower loading devices of the present invention cooperate with each other, so that when the valve is in motion, the packing rebounds, and the pre-tightening pressure on the sealing surface decreases, reducing the motion state. Wear of the lower packing.
  • the content of the present invention is particularly suitable for valves with low pressure, medium pressure and medium and small diameters, which not only improves the sealing effect, but also prolongs the service life of the sealing device.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the valve seal with reduced wear.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the valve cover.
  • Valve body 11. Valve core; 12-lower thread; 13-internal thread; 14-middle snap ring; 15-second inner through groove; 16-first inner through groove; 17-upper snap ring.
  • valve sealing structure for reducing wear provided in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, which mainly includes a runner 1, a fixed baffle 2, a movable gland 3, a valve cover 4, Spring group 5, packing 7, movable sleeve 8, valve stem 9, valve body 10 and valve core 11.
  • the fixed baffle 2 is a cover with a through hole, and the inside of the cover is hollow, which serves as a moving space for the movable pressing cover 3.
  • the fixed baffle 2 is fixed to the top of the valve bonnet 4 by a bolt group 6, a flange is provided at the lower end of the valve bonnet 4, and the valve body 10 is fixed to the valve body 10 through the flange.
  • An axial through passage is opened inside the valve bonnet 4.
  • the axial through channel has two stepped end faces, and the end faces from top to bottom are successively from the first vertical circular stepped end surface A, the first horizontal annular stepped end surface B, and the second vertical circular stepped end surface C.
  • the second horizontal annular stepped end surface D and the third vertical circular stepped end surface E are connected.
  • a movable sleeve 8 is arranged on the first horizontal circular step end surface B; the second vertical circular step end surface C is connected to the first horizontal circular step end surface B.
  • Between the two horizontal annular stepped end faces D is the valve stem middle snap ring passage; the third vertical circular stepped end face E is tapped with internal threads 13 on the inner side.
  • the runner 1 is fixedly connected with the valve stem 9 for driving the valve stem 9 to rotate.
  • the valve stem 9 is sequentially provided with an upper snap ring 17, a middle snap ring 14 and a lower thread 12 from top to bottom.
  • the outer diameter of the upper snap ring 17 of the valve stem 9 is equal to the outer diameter of the middle snap ring 14 and larger than the nominal diameter of the lower thread 12 .
  • the upper snap ring 17 and the middle snap ring 14 are fixed to the valve stem 9 and move up and down synchronously, while the lower thread 12 is an external thread tapped on the outside of the valve stem 9.
  • the valve stem 9 penetrates the axial through passage of the movable gland 3 and the valve bonnet 4, the rear bottom end of the movable sleeve 8 is fixedly connected with the valve core 11, and the lower thread 12 on the valve stem 9 is an external thread, and the lower thread 12 is connected to
  • the internal thread 13 constitutes a screw pair that drives the valve stem 9 to move axially.
  • the valve stem 9 can be driven by the screw pair to move up and down along the axial through passage of the valve bonnet 4 through the runner 1, thereby controlling the valve core 11 to open and close the water flow passage of the valve.
  • the movable gland 3 is coaxially sleeved on the valve stem 9, and the movable gland 3 is composed of a circular ring body and an embedded part.
  • the embedded part is embedded in the stuffing box channel, and the two constitute a sliding pair that moves up and down in the axial direction.
  • the outer diameter of the ring body is larger than the diameter of the stuffing box channel and the through hole diameter of the fixed baffle 2, so its up and down movement is limited to Between the baffle 2 and the valve cover 4 is fixed.
  • the spring group 5 is arranged under the movable gland 3, the packing 7 is filled in the stuffing box channel between the spring group 5 and the movable sleeve 8, and the two ends of the spring group 5 are respectively supported on the lower surface of the movable gland 3 and the packing 7's upper surface.
  • the packing 7 should fill the stuffing box passage between the spring group 5 and the movable sleeve 8 to form a movable seal, and the compression degree of the spring group 5 will change the compression degree of the packing 7, and then adjust the packing 7 and the valve stem 9 The specific pressure between the seals. It should be noted that the embedded part of the movable gland 3, the spring group 5, the packing 7 and the movable sleeve 8 are all restricted from moving in the stuffing box channel outside the valve stem 9.
  • the compression degree of the spring assembly 5 and the packing 7 is not fixed, but changes with the movement state of the valve stem 9, so as to solve the problem of large wear of the packing or weak sealing.
  • the present invention mainly achieves this effect through the cooperation between the movable gland 3, the movable sleeve 8, the upper snap ring 17, and the middle snap ring 14.
  • the movable gland 3 is provided with a first protrusion, and the first protrusion is located on the downward movement path of the upper snap ring 17.
  • the movable gland 3 is provided with a first inner through groove 16 with a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the snap ring 17 on the valve stem, so the first protrusion is coaxially arranged at the bottom of the first inner through groove 16
  • the first annular body, and the inner diameter of the first annular body is smaller than the outer diameter of the retaining ring 17 on the valve stem.
  • a second protrusion is provided on the movable sleeve 8.
  • the second protrusion is located on the upward movement path of the middle snap ring 14.
  • the movable sleeve 8 is provided with a second inner through groove 15 with a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the snap ring 14 in the valve stem, so the second protrusion is coaxially arranged on the top of the second inner through groove 15
  • the second annular body, and the inner diameter of the second annular body is smaller than the outer diameter of the retaining ring 14 in the valve stem.
  • the positions and spacing of the upper snap ring 17 and the middle snap ring 14 on the valve stem 9 should be reasonably designed.
  • the valve stem 9 moves down to the limit position, the valve core 11 completely closes the water flow channel in the valve, and the movable sleeve 8 is attached to the end surface B of the first horizontal annular step, and the middle snap ring 14 is separated from the second A certain distance is maintained between the two protrusions, and the upper snap ring 17 pushes the movable gland 3 to make the spring assembly 5 and the packing 7 in a compressed state.
  • valve core 11 When the valve stem 9 moves up to the limit position, the valve core 11 completely opens the water flow channel in the valve, and the top of the movable gland 3 is attached to the top wall of the fixed baffle 2, and the upper snap ring 17 is separated from the first protrusion , Keep a certain distance between the two, the middle snap ring 14 pushes the movable sleeve 8 to make the spring group 5 and the packing 7 in a compressed state.
  • the packing 7 and the valve stem 9 no longer slide relative to each other, and the spring group 5 and the packing 7 are preferably in a state of maximum compression.
  • the present invention can also provide a valve sealing method with reduced wear, and the steps are as follows:
  • the middle snap ring 14 on the valve stem 9 enters the second inner through groove 15 of the movable sleeve 8, and pushes the movable sleeve 8 to move upward with the valve stem 9 through the second protrusion.
  • the packing 7 is squeezed again; when the valve stem 9 moves to the top end, the packing 7 is in the maximum compression state, at this time the specific pressure of the packing 7 and the valve stem 9 reaches the maximum, which enhances the sealing effect;
  • the upper snap ring 17 and the movable gland 3 constitute an upper loading sealing device
  • the middle snap ring 14 and the movable sleeve 8 constitute a lower loading sealing device.
  • the upper loading sealing device and the lower loading sealing device cooperate with each other under the driving action of the screw pair to realize that the loading device unloads the packing when the valve stem is moving, reducing the packing wear of the sealing device and prolonging the service life of the sealing device.
  • the packing is in a state of gradual loading; when the valve is about to be fully opened and closed, the packing is in a fully loaded state to achieve a good sealing effect.

Abstract

一种减磨损的阀门密封结构及其方法，属于阀门领域，该密封结构包括上加载密封装置、下加载密封装置和驱动装置，上加载密封装置与下加载密封装置在驱动装置的作用下相互配合，实现阀杆在运动时，加载装置对填料进行卸载，减少密封装置的填料磨损，延长密封装置的使用寿命；在阀门即将全开与即将关闭这两时刻，填料处于逐步加载的状态；在阀门全开与关闭时刻，填料处于加载完毕状态，达到良好的密封效果。

Description

一种减磨损的阀门密封结构及其方法 技术领域
本发明涉及密封结构的技术领域，特别涉及一种往复接触式动密封，填料函密封结构。
背景技术
截止阀等阀门中通过阀杆的驱动实现阀门的开关操作，对于手动操作的阀门，阀杆往往通过螺纹的转动来驱动阀门，因此阀杆与填料之间就存在运动和摩擦，从而导致填料的磨损。一旦填料经过长期磨损会造成填料的消耗和密封面的磨损损伤，进而使填料压板压紧程度不够，出现密封失效的问题，则会造成工作介质外泄，可能会而出现设备事故，甚至会造成人员的损害的严重后果。
现有阀杆填料密封装置采用增加预紧力的方式，解决阀门此处密封泄漏量比较大的问题，此类装置被广泛使用于阀门阀杆填料密封结构的领域。但这类装置存在填料磨损量大、需要经常拆卸更换填料等问题。现阶段公开的专利主要围绕高压自动预紧的密封装置等，但对于填料减磨损，提高密封的使用寿命的专利较少。
随着技术的发展，工业对密封提出了更为严格的要求，频换拆卸更换密封填料会造成维修成本的上升，为节约维修成本，现阶段阀门密封研究不仅要求密封的高可靠性，而且要求具有长期的工作寿命。因此，研究适合密封效果良好、使用寿命长的密封结构具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种阀门阀杆与填料函动密封结构，本发明通过上加载装置以及下加载装置使得填料在全开全关下被压紧，实现提高阀门密封性能；在阀杆活动时减少对填料的压缩，使得填料与阀杆间弹性力减小，从而减小对填料的磨损，达到密封性良好和延长阀门阀杆处密封使用寿命的效果。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案如下：
一种减磨损的阀门密封结构，其包括转轮、固定挡板、活动压盖、阀门阀盖、弹簧组、填料、活动套筒、阀杆、阀体和阀芯；
所述阀门阀盖固定于阀门阀体，其内部的轴向贯通通道具有二阶梯状端面，其中第一竖直圆形阶梯端面与第一水平环形阶梯端面之间为填料函通道，第一水平环形阶梯端面上设置活动套筒；第二竖直圆形阶梯端面与第二水平环形阶梯端面之间为阀杆中卡环通道；第三竖直圆形阶梯端面内侧攻有内螺纹；
转轮与阀杆固定连接，所述阀杆从上至下依次设置有同步移动的上卡环、中卡环与下螺纹，阀杆贯穿阀门阀盖的轴向贯通通道后底端与阀芯相连，且阀杆上的下螺纹为外螺纹，与所述内螺纹构成驱动阀杆轴向移动的螺旋副；
固定挡板与阀门阀盖固定连接；所述活动压盖同轴套于阀杆上且由圆环体和嵌入部分组成，所述嵌入部分与所述填料函通道构成轴向的滑动副，所述圆环体被限位于固定挡板与阀门阀盖之间；所述弹簧组设置于活动压盖下方，填料填充于弹簧组与活动套筒之间的填料函通道中，且弹簧组两端分别支顶在活动压盖的下表面和填料的上表面；活动压盖、弹簧组、填料和活动套筒都限制在所述阀杆外侧的填料函通道中移动；
所述活动压盖上设有第一凸起部，第一凸起部位于所述上卡环的下移路径上，上卡环随阀杆向下移动的过程中，通过推动第一凸起部带动活动压盖向下移动；
所述活动套筒上设有第二凸起部，第二凸起部位于所述中卡环的上移路径上，中卡环随阀杆向上移动的过程中，通过推动第二凸起部带动活动套筒向上移动；
当所述阀杆向下移动至极限位置时，阀芯完全关闭阀门内的水流通道，且活动套筒贴合第一水平环形阶梯端面，中卡环脱离第二凸起部，所述上卡环通过推动活动压盖使弹簧组和填料处于压缩状态；
当所述阀杆向上移动至极限位置时，阀芯完全打开阀门内的水流通道，且活动压盖顶部贴合固定挡板，上卡环脱离第一凸起部，所述中卡环通过推动活动套筒使弹簧组和填料处于压缩状态。
作为优选，所述活动压盖中设有直径大于阀杆上卡环外径的第一内通槽，所述第一凸起部为同轴设置于第一内通槽底部的第一环形体，且第一环形体的内径小于所述阀杆上卡环外径。
作为优选，所述活动套筒中设有直径大于阀杆中卡环外径的第二内通槽，所述第二凸起部为同轴设置于第二内通槽顶部的第二环形体，且第二环形体的 内径小于所述阀杆中卡环外径。
作为优选，所述阀杆的上卡环外径等于中卡环外径，且大于所述下螺纹的公称直径。
作为优选，所述固定挡板为一个带有通孔的盖体，盖体内部中空，作为活动压盖的移动空间。
作为优选，所述固定挡板通过螺栓组固定于阀门阀盖顶部。
作为优选，当所述阀杆向上或向下移动至极限位置时，弹簧组和填料处于最大压缩状态。
作为优选，所述阀门阀盖下端设置法兰，通过法兰固定于阀门阀体。
作为优选，所述填料填充满弹簧组与活动套筒之间的填料函通道，构成活动密封。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种利用上述任一方案所述阀门密封结构的减磨损的阀门密封方法，其步骤如下：
当控制阀门由关闭转向开启时，通过转动转轮控制阀杆开始上升；活动压盖在弹簧组的作用下向上移动，使填料的压缩量逐步减小，阀门开启一定程度后，活动压盖受到固定挡板的限制到达最顶端，使填料的压缩量达到最小，填料与阀杆的比压减小，减小阀杆运动过程中对填料磨损；在阀杆继续上升时，阀杆上的中卡环进入活动套筒的第二内通槽，并通过第二凸起部推动活动套筒随阀杆向上运动，使填料再次受到挤压作用；当阀杆运动到最顶端时，填料处于最大压缩状态，填料与阀杆的比压达到最大，增强密封效果；
当控制阀门由开启转向关闭时，通过转动转轮控制阀杆开始下降；活动套筒在弹簧力的作用下向下移动，使弹簧组的压缩量逐步减小，阀门关闭到一定程度时，活动套筒到达最底端贴合第一水平环形阶梯端面，使填料的压缩量达到最小，填料与阀杆的比压减小，减小阀杆运动时对填料的磨损；在阀杆继续下降时，阀杆上的上卡环进入活动压盖的第一内通槽，通过第一凸起部推动活动压盖随阀杆向下运动，使填料再次受到挤压作用；当阀杆运动到最底端时，填料处于最大压缩状态，增强密封效果。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明所述的一种减磨损的阀门密封结构，阀门阀盖内螺纹与阀杆下螺纹相互配合构成驱动装置，活动压盖、弹簧组、填料、阀杆上卡环构成填料密封 的上加载装置；活动套筒、阀杆中卡环构成填料密封的下加载装置。本发明所述的上、下加载装置通过相互配合，使得在阀门开启与关闭时，压缩弹簧组，形成强制密封，对密封填料施加压紧力，预紧的填料受到压缩，阀杆与填料之间的密封面上凹凸不平的微隙被填满，密封面上的预紧比压增大，阻止介质泄露，密封面保持很好的密封状态。
由于填料垫片具有足够的回弹能力，本发明所述的上、下加载装置通过相互配合，使得在阀门处于运动状态时，填料回弹，密封面上的预紧比压下降，减少运动状态下填料的磨损。
本发明内容尤其适用于低压、中压和中小口径的阀门，既提高了密封效果，又延长密封装置的使用寿命。
附图说明
为使本发明的内容更容易被理解，下面结合附图和实施案例对本发明作进一步详细说明，其中：
图1为所述一种减磨损的阀门密封的结构示意图。
图2为阀门阀盖的结构示意图。
图中附图标记如下：
1、转轮；2、固定挡板；3、活动压盖；4、阀门阀盖；5、弹簧组；6、螺栓组；7、填料；8、活动套筒；9、阀杆；10、阀体；11、阀芯；12-下螺纹；13-内螺纹；14-中卡环；15-第二内通槽；16-第一内通槽；17-上卡环。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明进行进一步详细描述，但本发明的保护范围并不限于此。
如图1所示，为本发明的一个较佳实施例中给出的一种减磨损的阀门密封结构，其主要包括转轮1、固定挡板2、活动压盖3、阀门阀盖4、弹簧组5、填料7、活动套筒8、阀杆9、阀体10和阀芯11。
固定挡板2为一个带有通孔的盖体，盖体内部中空，作为活动压盖3的移动空间。固定挡板2通过螺栓组6固定于阀门阀盖4顶部，阀门阀盖4下端设置法兰，通过法兰固定于阀门阀体10。阀门阀盖4内部开设有一条轴向贯通通道。如图2所示，轴向贯通通道具有二阶梯状端面，端面从上到下依次由第一竖直圆形阶梯端面A、第一水平环形阶梯端面B、第二竖直圆形阶梯端面C、第二水平环形 阶梯端面D和第三竖直圆形阶梯端面E连接而成。其中第一竖直圆形阶梯端面A与第一水平环形阶梯端面B之间为填料函通道，第一水平环形阶梯端面B上设置活动套筒8；第二竖直圆形阶梯端面C与第二水平环形阶梯端面D之间为阀杆中卡环通道；第三竖直圆形阶梯端面E内侧攻有内螺纹13。
转轮1与阀杆9固定连接，用于驱动阀杆9转动。阀杆9从上至下依次设置有上卡环17、中卡环14与下螺纹12，阀杆9的上卡环17外径等于中卡环14外径，且大于下螺纹12的公称直径。其中上卡环17、中卡环14与阀杆9固定，同步上下移动，而下螺纹12则是攻于阀杆9外侧的外螺纹。阀杆9贯穿活动压盖3、阀门阀盖4的轴向贯通通道、活动套筒8后底端与阀芯11固定相连，且阀杆9上的下螺纹12为外螺纹，下螺纹12与内螺纹13构成驱动阀杆9轴向移动的螺旋副。通过转轮1即可使阀杆9在该螺旋副的带动下，沿着阀门阀盖4的轴向贯通通道上下移动，进而控制阀芯11对阀门的水流通道进行开闭控制。
活动压盖3同轴套于阀杆9上，且活动压盖3由圆环体和嵌入部分组成。其中，嵌入部分嵌入填料函通道中，两者构成轴向上下移动的滑动副，圆环体的外径大于填料函通道的直径和固定挡板2的通孔直径，因此其上下移动被限位于固定挡板2与阀门阀盖4之间。弹簧组5设置于活动压盖3下方，填料7填充于弹簧组5与活动套筒8之间的填料函通道中，且弹簧组5两端分别支顶在活动压盖3的下表面和填料7的上表面。填料7应当填充满弹簧组5与活动套筒8之间的填料函通道，使其构成活动密封，且弹簧组5的压缩程度会改变填料7的压缩程度，进而调节填料7与阀杆9之间的密封比压。需注意的是，活动压盖3的嵌入部分、弹簧组5、填料7和活动套筒8都限制在阀杆9外侧的填料函通道中移动。
在本发明中，弹簧组5和填料7的压缩程度并不是固定的，而是随着阀杆9的移动状态不一样而改变的，以便于解决填料磨损大或者密封不严的问题。本发明主要是通过活动压盖3、活动套筒8、上卡环17、中卡环14之间的配合来实现该效果的。
其中，活动压盖3上设有第一凸起部，第一凸起部位于需要位于上卡环17的下移路径上，上卡环17随阀杆9向下移动的过程中，通过推动第一凸起部带动活动压盖3向下移动。在本实施例中，活动压盖3中设有直径大于阀杆上卡环17外径的第一内通槽16，因此第一凸起部为同轴设置于第一内通槽16底部的第一环形体，且第一环形体的内径小于阀杆上卡环17外径。由此，阀杆9向下移动的过 程，当上卡环17触碰到第一环形体时，可以通过第一环形体推动活动压盖3向下移动，而阀杆9向上移动则不会被第一环形体限制。
同样的，活动套筒8上设有第二凸起部，第二凸起部位于中卡环14的上移路径上，中卡环14随阀杆9向上移动的过程中，通过推动第二凸起部带动活动套筒8向上移动。在本实施例中，活动套筒8中设有直径大于阀杆中卡环14外径的第二内通槽15，因此第二凸起部为同轴设置于第二内通槽15顶部的第二环形体，且第二环形体的内径小于阀杆中卡环14外径。由此，阀杆9向上移动的过程中，当中卡环14触碰到第二环形体时，可以通过第二环形体推动活动套筒8向上移动，而阀杆9向下移动则不会被第二环形体限制。
为了兼顾阀门的密封性能和填料磨损损坏，上卡环17、中卡环14在阀杆9上的位置、间距应当进行合理设计。在本发明中，当阀杆9向下移动至极限位置时，阀芯11完全关闭阀门内的水流通道，且活动套筒8贴合第一水平环形阶梯端面B，中卡环14脱离第二凸起部，两者之间保持一定间距，上卡环17通过推动活动压盖3使弹簧组5和填料7处于压缩状态。当所述阀杆9向上移动至极限位置时，阀芯11完全打开阀门内的水流通道，且活动压盖3顶部贴合固定挡板2的顶壁，上卡环17脱离第一凸起部，两者之间保持一定间距，中卡环14通过推动活动套筒8使弹簧组5和填料7处于压缩状态。
为了尽可能保证密封，当阀杆9向上或向下移动至极限位置时，填料7与阀杆9之间不再相对滑动，弹簧组5和填料7最好处于最大压缩状态。
基于上述阀门密封结构，本发明还可以提供一种减磨损的阀门密封方法，其步骤如下：
当控制阀门由关闭转向开启时，逆时针转动转轮1，阀杆9在转轮1的带动下，开始上升。活动压盖3在弹簧组5的作用下向上移动，此时填料7的压缩量逐步减小，阀门开启一定程度后，活动压盖3受到固定挡板2的限制到达最顶端，此时填料7的压缩量达到最小，填料7与阀杆9的比压减小，因此达到在阀杆运动时减小阀杆对填料磨损的效果。
在阀杆9继续上升时，阀杆9上的中卡环14进入活动套筒8的第二内通槽15，并通过第二凸起部推动活动套筒8随阀杆9向上运动，此时填料7再次受到挤压作用；当阀杆9运动到最顶端时，填料7处于最大压缩状态，此时填料7与阀杆9的比压达到最大，增强了密封效果；
当控制阀门由开启转向关闭时，顺时针转动转轮1，阀杆9在转轮1的带动下，开始下降。活动套筒8在弹簧力的作用下向下移动，此时弹簧组5的压缩量逐步减小，阀门关闭到一定程度时，活动套筒8到达最底端贴合第一水平环形阶梯端面B，此时填料7的压缩量达到最小，填料7与阀杆9的比压减小，因此达到在阀杆运动时减小阀杆对填料磨损的效果。
在阀杆9继续下降时，阀杆9上的上卡环17进入活动压盖3的第一内通槽16，通过第一凸起部推动活动压盖3随阀杆9向下运动，此时填料7再次受到挤压作用；当阀杆9运动到最底端时，此时填料7处于最大压缩状态，增强了密封效果。
在本发明中，上卡环17和活动压盖3构成了上加载密封装置，中卡环14和活动套筒8构成了下加载密封装置。上加载密封装置与下加载密封装置在螺旋副的驱动作用下相互配合，实现阀杆在运动时，加载装置对填料进行卸载，减少密封装置的填料磨损，延长密封装置的使用寿命。在阀门即将全开与即将关闭这两时刻，填料处于逐步加载的状态；在阀门全开与关闭时刻，填料处于加载完毕状态，达到良好的密封效果。
所述实施例为本发明的优选的实施方式，但本发明并不限于上述实施方式，在不背离本发明的实质内容的情况下，本领域技术人员能够做出的任何显而易见的改进、替换或变型均属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种减磨损的阀门密封结构，其特征在于，包括转轮(1)、固定挡板(2)、活动压盖(3)、阀门阀盖(4)、弹簧组(5)、填料(7)、活动套筒(8)、阀杆(9)、阀体(10)和阀芯(11)；
    所述阀门阀盖(4)固定于阀门阀体(10)，其内部的轴向贯通通道具有二阶梯状端面，其中第一竖直圆形阶梯端面(A)与第一水平环形阶梯端面(B)之间为填料函通道，第一水平环形阶梯端面(B)上设置活动套筒(8)；第二竖直圆形阶梯端面(C)与第二水平环形阶梯端面(D)之间为阀杆中卡环通道；第三竖直圆形阶梯端面(E)内侧攻有内螺纹(13)；
    转轮(1)与阀杆(9)固定连接，所述阀杆(9)从上至下依次设置有同步移动的上卡环(17)、中卡环(14)与下螺纹(12)，阀杆(9)贯穿阀门阀盖(4)的轴向贯通通道后底端与阀芯(11)相连，且阀杆(9)上的下螺纹(12)为外螺纹，与所述内螺纹(13)构成驱动阀杆(9)轴向移动的螺旋副；
    固定挡板(2)与阀门阀盖(4)固定连接；所述活动压盖(3)同轴套于阀杆(9)上且由圆环体和嵌入部分组成，所述嵌入部分与所述填料函通道构成轴向的滑动副，所述圆环体被限位于固定挡板(2)与阀门阀盖(4)之间；所述弹簧组(5)设置于活动压盖(3)下方，填料(7)填充于弹簧组(5)与活动套筒(8)之间的填料函通道中，且弹簧组(5)两端分别支顶在活动压盖(3)的下表面和填料(7)的上表面；活动压盖(3)、弹簧组(5)、填料(7)和活动套筒(8)都限制在所述阀杆(9)外侧的填料函通道中移动；
    所述活动压盖(3)上设有第一凸起部，第一凸起部位于所述上卡环(17)的下移路径上，上卡环(17)随阀杆(9)向下移动的过程中，通过推动第一凸起部带动活动压盖(3)向下移动；
    所述活动套筒(8)上设有第二凸起部，第二凸起部位于所述中卡环(14)的上移路径上，中卡环(14)随阀杆(9)向上移动的过程中，通过推动第二凸起部带动活动套筒(8)向上移动；
    当所述阀杆(9)向下移动至极限位置时，阀芯(11)完全关闭阀门内的水流通道，且活动套筒(8)贴合第一水平环形阶梯端面(B)，中卡环(14)脱离第二凸起部，所述上卡环(17)通过推动活动压盖(3)使弹簧组(5)和填 料(7)处于压缩状态；
    当所述阀杆(9)向上移动至极限位置时，阀芯(11)完全打开阀门内的水流通道，且活动压盖(3)顶部贴合固定挡板(2)，上卡环(17)脱离第一凸起部，所述中卡环(14)通过推动活动套筒(8)使弹簧组(5)和填料(7)处于压缩状态。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述一种减磨损的阀门密封结构，其特征在于，所述活动压盖(3)中设有直径大于阀杆上卡环(17)外径的第一内通槽(16)，所述第一凸起部为同轴设置于第一内通槽(16)底部的第一环形体，且第一环形体的内径小于所述阀杆上卡环(17)外径。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述一种减磨损的阀门密封结构，其特征在于，所述活动套筒(8)中设有直径大于阀杆中卡环(14)外径的第二内通槽(15)，所述第二凸起部为同轴设置于第二内通槽(15)顶部的第二环形体，且第二环形体的内径小于所述阀杆中卡环(14)外径。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述一种减磨损的阀门密封结构，其特征在于，所述阀杆(9)的上卡环(17)外径等于中卡环(14)外径，且大于所述下螺纹(12)的公称直径。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述一种减磨损的阀门密封结构，其特征在于，所述固定挡板(2)为一个带有通孔的盖体，盖体内部中空，作为活动压盖(3)的移动空间。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述一种减磨损的阀门密封结构，其特征在于，所述固定挡板(2)通过螺栓组(6)固定于阀门阀盖(4)顶部。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述一种减磨损的阀门密封结构，其特征在于，当所述阀杆(9)向上或向下移动至极限位置时，弹簧组(5)和填料(7)处于最大压缩状态。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述一种减磨损的阀门密封结构，其特征在于，所述阀门阀盖(4)下端设置法兰，通过法兰固定于阀门阀体(10)。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述一种减磨损的阀门密封结构，其特征在于，所述填料(7)填充满弹簧组(5)与活动套筒(8)之间的填料函通道，构成活动密封。
  10. 一种利用如权利要求1～9任一所述阀门密封结构的减磨损的阀门密封方法，其特征在于，步骤如下：
    当控制阀门由关闭转向开启时，通过转动转轮(1)控制阀杆(9)开始上升；活动压盖(3)在弹簧组(5)的作用下向上移动，使填料(7)的压缩量逐步减小，阀门开启一定程度后，活动压盖(3)受到固定挡板(2)的限制到达最顶端，使填料(7)的压缩量达到最小，填料(7)与阀杆(9)的比压减小，减小阀杆(9)运动过程中对填料(7)磨损；在阀杆(9)继续上升时，阀杆(9)上的中卡环(14)进入活动套筒(8)的第二内通槽(15)，并通过第二凸起部推动活动套筒(8)随阀杆(9)向上运动，使填料(7)再次受到挤压作用；当阀杆(9)运动到最顶端时，填料(7)处于最大压缩状态，填料(7)与阀杆(9)的比压达到最大，增强密封效果；
    当控制阀门由开启转向关闭时，通过转动转轮(1)控制阀杆(9)开始下降；活动套筒(8)在弹簧力的作用下向下移动，使弹簧组(5)的压缩量逐步减小，阀门关闭到一定程度时，活动套筒(8)到达最底端贴合第一水平环形阶梯端面(B)，使填料(7)的压缩量达到最小，填料(7)与阀杆(9)的比压减小，减小阀杆(9)运动时对填料(7)的磨损；在阀杆(9)继续下降时，阀杆(9)上的上卡环(17)进入活动压盖(3)的第一内通槽(16)，通过第一凸起部推动活动压盖(3)随阀杆(9)向下运动，使填料(7)再次受到挤压作用；当阀杆(9)运动到最底端时，填料(7)处于最大压缩状态，增强密封效果。
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