WO2021131185A1 - 介助用装置 - Google Patents
介助用装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021131185A1 WO2021131185A1 PCT/JP2020/035692 JP2020035692W WO2021131185A1 WO 2021131185 A1 WO2021131185 A1 WO 2021131185A1 JP 2020035692 W JP2020035692 W JP 2020035692W WO 2021131185 A1 WO2021131185 A1 WO 2021131185A1
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- pipe
- person
- assisted
- support
- base end
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
- A61G7/00—Beds specially adapted for nursing; Devices for lifting patients or disabled persons
- A61G7/10—Devices for lifting patients or disabled persons, e.g. special adaptations of hoists thereto
- A61G7/1013—Lifting of patients by
- A61G7/1015—Cables, chains or cords
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
- A61G7/00—Beds specially adapted for nursing; Devices for lifting patients or disabled persons
- A61G7/10—Devices for lifting patients or disabled persons, e.g. special adaptations of hoists thereto
- A61G7/1013—Lifting of patients by
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
- A61H3/00—Appliances for aiding patients or disabled persons to walk about
- A61H3/008—Using suspension devices for supporting the body in an upright walking or standing position, e.g. harnesses
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47K—SANITARY EQUIPMENT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; TOILET ACCESSORIES
- A47K17/00—Other equipment, e.g. separate apparatus for deodorising, disinfecting or cleaning devices without flushing for toilet bowls, seats or covers; Holders for toilet brushes
- A47K17/02—Body supports, other than seats, for closets, e.g. handles, back-rests, foot-rests; Accessories for closets, e.g. reading tables
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
- A61G7/00—Beds specially adapted for nursing; Devices for lifting patients or disabled persons
- A61G7/10—Devices for lifting patients or disabled persons, e.g. special adaptations of hoists thereto
- A61G7/1001—Devices for lifting patients or disabled persons, e.g. special adaptations of hoists thereto specially adapted for specific applications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
- A61G7/00—Beds specially adapted for nursing; Devices for lifting patients or disabled persons
- A61G7/10—Devices for lifting patients or disabled persons, e.g. special adaptations of hoists thereto
- A61G7/1001—Devices for lifting patients or disabled persons, e.g. special adaptations of hoists thereto specially adapted for specific applications
- A61G7/1007—Devices for lifting patients or disabled persons, e.g. special adaptations of hoists thereto specially adapted for specific applications mounted on or in combination with a toilet
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
- A61G7/00—Beds specially adapted for nursing; Devices for lifting patients or disabled persons
- A61G7/10—Devices for lifting patients or disabled persons, e.g. special adaptations of hoists thereto
- A61G7/1013—Lifting of patients by
- A61G7/1019—Vertical extending columns or mechanisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
- A61G7/00—Beds specially adapted for nursing; Devices for lifting patients or disabled persons
- A61G7/10—Devices for lifting patients or disabled persons, e.g. special adaptations of hoists thereto
- A61G7/1013—Lifting of patients by
- A61G7/1023—Slings used manually
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
- A61G7/00—Beds specially adapted for nursing; Devices for lifting patients or disabled persons
- A61G7/10—Devices for lifting patients or disabled persons, e.g. special adaptations of hoists thereto
- A61G7/104—Devices carried or supported by
- A61G7/1042—Rail systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
- A61G7/00—Beds specially adapted for nursing; Devices for lifting patients or disabled persons
- A61G7/10—Devices for lifting patients or disabled persons, e.g. special adaptations of hoists thereto
- A61G7/1049—Attachment, suspending or supporting means for patients
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
- A61G7/00—Beds specially adapted for nursing; Devices for lifting patients or disabled persons
- A61G7/10—Devices for lifting patients or disabled persons, e.g. special adaptations of hoists thereto
- A61G7/1049—Attachment, suspending or supporting means for patients
- A61G7/1051—Flexible harnesses or slings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
- A61G7/00—Beds specially adapted for nursing; Devices for lifting patients or disabled persons
- A61G7/10—Devices for lifting patients or disabled persons, e.g. special adaptations of hoists thereto
- A61G7/1049—Attachment, suspending or supporting means for patients
- A61G7/1059—Seats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
- A61G7/00—Beds specially adapted for nursing; Devices for lifting patients or disabled persons
- A61G7/10—Devices for lifting patients or disabled persons, e.g. special adaptations of hoists thereto
- A61G7/1073—Parts, details or accessories
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
- A61G7/00—Beds specially adapted for nursing; Devices for lifting patients or disabled persons
- A61G7/10—Devices for lifting patients or disabled persons, e.g. special adaptations of hoists thereto
- A61G7/1073—Parts, details or accessories
- A61G7/1082—Rests specially adapted for
- A61G7/1086—Upper body
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D23/00—Producing tubular articles
- B29D23/001—Pipes; Pipe joints
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
- A61G2203/00—General characteristics of devices
- A61G2203/30—General characteristics of devices characterised by sensor means
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
- A61H3/00—Appliances for aiding patients or disabled persons to walk about
- A61H2003/007—Appliances for aiding patients or disabled persons to walk about secured to the patient, e.g. with belts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
- A61H2201/00—Characteristics of apparatus not provided for in the preceding codes
- A61H2201/50—Control means thereof
- A61H2201/5058—Sensors or detectors
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
- A61H2201/00—Characteristics of apparatus not provided for in the preceding codes
- A61H2201/50—Control means thereof
- A61H2201/5058—Sensors or detectors
- A61H2201/5084—Acceleration sensors
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
- A61H2230/00—Measuring physical parameters of the user
- A61H2230/62—Posture
- A61H2230/625—Posture used as a control parameter for the apparatus
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an assistance device that can be used to assist the elderly and the disabled.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a device for connecting a wire or rope connected under an elevating means such as a chain block to a belt hung under the armpit of a person being assisted.
- an elevating means such as a chain block
- the lifting means By supporting the weight of a person with wires, ropes, and lifting means, and making the lifting means movable along the track, for example, the person being assisted can move between the wheelchair and the toilet seat to stand or sit. Can help.
- Patent Document 2 includes a device that has a support surface that supports the buttocks and back of the person being assisted and can carry the person being assisted from a living room (bed) to a toilet, a bathroom, a dining room, or the like. It is disclosed.
- the person being assisted can be carried to a toilet, for example, while being placed on the device, and can sit on the toilet seat by pulling out the support surface from the buttocks or the like.
- Patent Document 1 provides assistance by suspending the person being assisted by a chain wound up by an elevating means and a wire or rope following the chain. Since chains, wires, ropes, etc. cannot support the force in the horizontal direction, it is impossible for the person being assisted to support the unstable movement of the person being assisted in either the front, back, left, or right direction. In order to prevent the person being assisted from falling even if it swings back and forth and left and right, it is necessary to support most of the weight with a chain or the like. However, when the device supports the weight almost completely, the person being assisted does not use his / her remaining ability to use his / her remaining ability, so that the person's physical strength tends to decrease, and the recovery and rehabilitation of physical function are expected. You can't do that.
- the device of Patent Document 2 carries the person to be assisted on the support surface and transports it to the toilet or the like to sit on the seat surface or the like, the opportunity for the person to be assisted to use the remaining ability is further reduced. Therefore, it can be said that it is extremely difficult to maintain the physical strength and recover the function of the person being assisted through the movement of standing or sitting by using the device.
- the device for carrying a person to the toilet seat is large-scale, and it is necessary to sufficiently reinforce the house. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce the device at a considerable cost.
- the invention according to the present application can be implemented in a form of assisting and supporting the elderly and the disabled so as to utilize the remaining ability of the person, and it is easy to introduce low cost. It provides an assistance device.
- the device of the present invention is an assisting device for supporting the body of the person being assisted, and the base end portion of a fiber-reinforced resin pipe is attached at an upper position in the room, and the tip end portion of the pipe is the assisted person. It is characterized in that it is connected to a body support tool attached to the body of the body.
- a fiber reinforced resin forming the pipe carbon fiber reinforced resin (CFRP), glass fiber reinforced resin (GFRP), aramid fiber reinforced resin and the like can be used.
- FIGS. 1 to 12 illustrate the apparatus of the present invention.
- This assisting device according to the invention supports the body of the person being assisted by a pipe made of fiber reinforced resin.
- Pipes made of fiber reinforced plastic are used for fishing rods, golf clubs, etc., and have high strength and can be flexibly flexed. By flexing, the pipe is soft while flexibly following the movement of the person being assisted. Can exert a repulsive force. Therefore, in the device of the present invention, when the person being assisted makes an unstable movement such as swaying to the front, back, left or right, the pipe bends to follow the person being assisted and return to the original position or posture. Appropriate force of orientation can be exerted on the person being assisted.
- the assisting device can be configured to assist or assist the assisted person in standing or sitting using his or her residual capacity without having to fully support the weight of the person being assisted. Is. If the remaining ability is utilized, it is possible to exert the effect of encouraging the person being assisted to maintain physical strength and recover physical function through the assistance.
- the base end of the pipe in the assisting device of the above invention cannot be angularly displaced in at least one direction, and the displaceable angular range is limited in the angular displacement direction. It is preferably attached to. In the device illustrated in FIG. 3 and the like, the pipe is also attached in this way.
- the base end portion of the pipe 10 in FIG. 3 cannot be angularly displaced to the left and right of the figure (left and right of the person being assisted), but a certain range (for example, the front-back direction of the person being assisted) in the direction perpendicular to the drawing (the front-back direction of the person being assisted). It can be displaced at an angle of ⁇ 45 ° around the vertical center.
- the above-mentioned pipe cannot properly support the movement of the person being assisted in the front-back and left-right directions if the base end portion attached to the upper position in the room is freely angularly displaced in all directions.
- the person being assisted usually moves in a specific direction (for example, in a toilet, the person moves or leans back and forth slightly). Therefore, the base end of the pipe cannot be angularly displaced in at least one direction (for example, left and right) as described above, and can be angularly displaced in the other direction (for example, front and back) within a limited range. It is suitable for supporting the person being assisted when it is attached to the state.
- the tip of each pipe is connected to the above-mentioned body support on each of the left and right sides of the person being assisted.
- Two pipes are also used in the device illustrated in FIG. 1 and the like. If the strength and rigidity (how to bend) of the pipes are set appropriately, the person being assisted can be appropriately supported regardless of the number of pipes. However, if there are two pipes, the posture of the person being assisted can be easily returned by the repulsive force, and the force for returning the movement rotating around the center of the body can also be exerted. It is also possible to use three or more pipes, but in that case, the cost of the device naturally increases as compared with the case of two pipes.
- each of the two pipes 10 is connected to the body support 30 in a state of being bent so as to be convex in the left-right outward direction.
- the two pipes 10 make the distance W1 between them wider than the distance W2 at the connection point with the body support 30, and the support 22 provides the base end portion 11 of both. Since they are mounted in parallel, each pipe 10 is connected to the body support 30 in a state of being convexly bent outward due to elastic deformation.
- the person being assisted can be supported more stably than when both pipes are parallel. That is, when the body of the person being assisted is slightly tilted to the left or right, one of the two pipes increases the bending and exerts a force in the direction of pulling back the person being assisted, but the other pipe has a small bending. This is because the force becomes close to zero, so that a strong force is not suddenly applied to the person being assisted from both pipes (see FIG. 10 (d)).
- both pipes are parallel, when the body of the person being assisted is slightly tilted to the left or right, both pipes bend in the same direction, so that the force in the direction of pulling back the person being assisted is applied from both pipes. As a result, it tends to shake the person being assisted in the opposite direction beyond the neutral point (see FIG. 11 (b)).
- the tip of the pipe and the body support are connected by a detachable insertable connector.
- the pipe 10 and the body support 30 are connected by using a detachable insertable connector (buckle) 50.
- the tip of each pipe and the body support may be fixedly connected as if they would not normally be separated, but in that case, the place where the assistance device is provided (toilet or bathroom). Every time a person to be assisted comes to (etc.), it is necessary to attach a torso support to the person's torso.
- the same torso support is attached to each person with different physique, it may not be possible to hold it in the optimum state due to the size mismatch, and it may take time to attach it and it may not be in time for excretion. is there.
- the tip of the pipe and the body support are connected by a detachable insertable connector as described above, the body support suitable for the physique of the person being assisted can be used and the toilet. If the body support is attached to the person being assisted in advance when the time to go to is approaching, it can be immediately connected to the tip of the pipe in a toilet or the like.
- the above-mentioned pipe has a telescopic structure whose length can be changed, and a towing member (for example, a wire rod or a flexible rod member, or a screw portion) is inserted in the pipe.
- a towing member for example, a wire rod or a flexible rod member, or a screw portion
- An operation mechanism that moves the above-mentioned body support by operating the towing member while passing the other part (a member that can be pulled up and down by rotating the other part).
- a motor or the like having a drive source, or a manually operated one may be provided.
- 1 and 3 and the like show an example in which the operation mechanism with a motor is provided on the ceiling portion of a toilet or the like.
- a wire (wire 13) is passed through the inside of the pipe 10, the connecting portion 12 with the body support 30 and the winder 28 are connected by the wire, and the wire 13 is operated by an operating mechanism 25 including a motor 26 and the like. ..
- an assisting device it is possible not only to suppress the movement of the person being assisted from swinging back and forth and left and right, but also to actively assist the movement of the person being assisted to stand or sit.
- the operation mechanism is driven to pull up the towing member (for example, to wind up the wire rod)
- the body support is pulled up so that the person being assisted (reference numeral X in FIG. 3) stands up. This is also because it is possible to support the person being assisted to sit down by gradually loosening the towing member and operating it so as to lower it in the opposite direction (for example, unwinding the wire rod).
- the body support is provided with a sensor capable of detecting an abnormal movement of the person being assisted. If, for example, an acceleration sensor or a gyro sensor is attached as a sensor, it is detected that the person being assisted staggers or falls. With the assisting device of the invention, for example, the caregiver does not have to be present in the toilet while the person being assisted is doing something in the toilet. This point greatly reduces the mental burden on the caregiver and the person being assisted. As described above, if a sensor is provided on the body support to detect abnormal movements of the person being assisted, it is more preferable that the caregiver outside the toilet or the like can immediately respond in the unlikely event.
- the base end portion of the pipe is the true position where the person being assisted sits. It is especially preferred if it is above or in front of it.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of such a device (see in particular FIG. 5 (b)).
- the base end of the pipe provided directly above or in front of the position where the person being assisted sits is 0 ° to 45 ° from directly above the person being assisted to the front when the person being assisted is about to stand up. It is particularly preferable that the pipe is in an inclined position. According to the investigation by the inventors, it is the assisted person who sits down to pull up to the angle of the range (that is, the direction of the angle ⁇ such that 0 ° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 45 ° in FIG. 5 (b)) by the inclined pipe. This is because it is the easiest for a person to stand up smoothly. The most desirable is 3 ° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 20 °.
- the base end of the pipe is attached to the upper support, and the anterior and posterior including directly above the position where the person being assisted sits (“front” and “rear” are anterior and posterior when viewed from the person being assisted. It is also preferable that all or part of the upper support can be moved horizontally so that the base end portion of the pipe moves. 7 (a) to 7 (c) show an example of a device capable of such horizontal movement. If the upper support moves horizontally and the base end of the pipe also moves, the device of the present invention can support movements such as standing and sitting by pulling up the person being assisted in the most appropriate direction. In addition, it is possible to assist the person being assisted in moving forward and backward within a specific range.
- the base end of the pipe is attached to the upper support, and all or part of the upper support rotates so that the base end (position) of the pipe makes a horizontal turn along the circumferential trajectory. It may be possible. 8 (a) to 8 (c) illustrate such an apparatus. If the base end of the pipe turns horizontally as described above, the person being assisted stands up from the wheelchair with the torso support attached, turns around and sits on the toilet seat, and then again. It is possible to smoothly perform operations such as changing the direction and returning to the wheelchair.
- the above-mentioned assisting device enables an assisted person to assist (that is, assist one person) by standing / sitting and transferring to and from a wheelchair by one healthy person. If one person can assist, of course, the burden on the assisting side is greatly reduced. Toilets and bathrooms are often small, so it is often easier to provide smooth assistance.
- the person being assisted is supported by the pipe made of fiber reinforced resin, it becomes possible for one person to perform the assistance that was performed by two people when the assisting device is not used.
- the sensor is provided on the torso support as described above, it is possible to put the person being assisted during the toilet stool in an unmanned assisted state, and the dignity of the person being assisted is increased. Easy to protect.
- the above pipe is a pipe in which a plurality of pipes having different thicknesses are telescopically connected, and one end of a pipe located on the outside has an inwardly facing locking step, which is located on the outside. It is preferable to use a pipe that fits inside the pipe and has an outward locking step at an end opposite to the end.
- FIG. 2 shows an example (longitudinal cross-sectional view) of such a pipe.
- FIG. 2A shows the pipe 10 in the most extended state
- FIG. 2B shows the pipe 10 in the non-extended state.
- the tapered surface formed on the inner surface of the end of the pipe located on the outside and the outer surface of the end of the pipe fitted inside the tapered surface.
- the pipes are connected to each other and cannot be pulled out by fitting with the formed tapered surface (for example, in a general fishing rod).
- the tapered surfaces may be fitted excessively strongly in the extended state, and then it may be difficult for the pipes to smoothly slide with each other and contract. If there is an inward locking step at the end of the outer pipe and an outward locking step at the end of the inner pipe like the pipe above, the tapered surfaces are excessively strong. It does not fit and the subsequent shrinkage is not smooth.
- the inwardly facing locking steps of the outer pipe and the outwardly facing locking steps of the inner pipe abut each other (see FIG. 2A). This is because they are connected so as not to come off and do not fit tightly.
- the above pipe is made of fiber reinforced resin, and has a layer of fibers (for example, carbon fiber) extending in the length direction of the pipe and fibers extending in the circumferential direction (or further oblique direction) of the pipe (same as above). It is preferable that the layers are overlapped with each other.
- Fiber reinforced plastic is a lightweight, high-strength plastic used for golf club shafts, fishing rods, and the like.
- a pipe having a layer of fibers extending in the length direction and a layer of fibers extending in the circumferential direction of the pipe in an overlapping manner exerts strength regardless of the direction of the acting force and bends. It is avoided to rupture or rupture. Therefore, when the above-mentioned pipe is used for the assisting device of the present invention, the device can be constructed lightweight and the person being assisted can be strongly and firmly supported based on the strength of the pipe.
- the outermost pipe that is, the thickest pipe
- the outermost pipe 10c is connected to the body support 30. Since the tube connected to the torso support is located near the person being assisted, the person being assisted may grasp the tube by hand. If the pipe is the thinner of the above pipes (that is, the pipe that fits inside the other pipe), it will go inside the thick pipe when the pipe contracts, so the hand holding the pipe will be between the pipes. There is a risk of getting caught in the gap.
- the base end of the thickest pipe is mounted at an upper position in the room with limited angular displacement, the range in which the tip of the pipe can be displaced due to bending becomes narrower, and the area in which the person being assisted can move becomes wider. Be limited. In that respect, as described above, if the thickest pipe that fits on the outermost side of the pipe is connected to the body support as the tip, the hand of the person being assisted who holds the pipe may be caught in the gap of the pipe. There is also an advantage that the movable area of the person being assisted can be widened.
- FIG. 9 (a) shows an example in which such an assisting device, that is, the upper support 20 to which the base end portion of the pipe 10 is attached is mounted on the support frame shown in FIG. 9 (b).
- the main part of the support frame is made of a lightweight and high-strength material such as carbon fiber reinforced resin because the frame can be easily carried and assembled where required.
- the support frame is configured so that it can stand on the floor surface of the room and the base end portion of the pipe can be detachably attached to the upper part.
- the base end portion of the pipe can be attached at an upper position to form an assistance device. Therefore, it is possible to assist in excretion and the like in various places.
- the assisting device supports the body of the person being assisted by a pipe made of fiber reinforced resin that has high strength and can be flexibly flexed, it flexibly follows the movement of the person being assisted. It can exert repulsive force to support the person being assisted. And for that purpose, it is possible to assist or support the person being assisted to operate using his / her remaining ability, thereby encouraging the person being assisted to maintain / recover and rehabilitate his / her physical strength and function.
- the pipe has a telescopic structure and a towing member such as a wire rod is passed through the pipe, and an operation mechanism for operating the member to move the body support is provided.
- the person being assisted can be prevented from swaying back and forth and left and right, but it is also possible to actively assist the person being assisted in standing and sitting.
- the above-mentioned torso support is provided with an appropriate sensor, the sensor detects that the person being assisted has staggered or has fallen, so that the person being assisted can use the toilet alone, for example. Even if the person and the person being assisted are separated, it is possible to respond immediately to an unforeseen situation.
- the base end of the pipe is attached to the upper support and the support is detachably attached to the upper part of the support frame that can stand on the floor of the room, the pipe can be used when going out. Even in places where it is not installed, it is possible to appropriately assist the elderly and the like.
- FIG. 1A shows the state which the pipe 10 is extended
- FIG. 1B shows the state which the pipe 10 is contracted
- FIG. 2A is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a part of the pipe 10 (a joint portion between the pipes) used in the assistance device 1 of FIG. 1, and FIG. 2A shows a state in which the pipe 10 is extended.
- (B) shows a state in which the pipe 10 is contracted.
- FIG. 4A is a front view showing a state in which the assisted person X uses the assisting device 1 provided in the toilet
- FIG. 4A is a front view showing a state in which the assisted person X uses the assisting device 1 provided in the toilet
- FIG. 4A shows a state in which the assisted person X sits down on the toilet seat Y.
- b shows a state in which the person being assisted X stands up from the toilet seat Y.
- a schematic diagram (FIG. 5 (a)) showing a standard movement when the person being assisted X in a sitting state stands up, and a process in which the person being assisted X stands up using the assisting device 1 in the toilet are shown.
- It is a side view (FIGS. 5 (b)-(e)).
- FIG. 6A and the view from the lower part of the front surface (the same (b)) about the assistance device 1 shown in FIG.
- FIG. 7 (a) is a front view showing another embodiment of the assisting device, in which FIG. 9 (a) shows the assisting device 4 in which the upper support 20 having a pipe 10 or the like is attached to the upper part of the support frame 40. ) Indicates the support frame 40.
- FIG. 9 (a) shows the assisting device 4 in which the upper support 20 having a pipe 10 or the like is attached to the upper part of the support frame 40.
- FIG. 10A is a diagram showing an assisting device 5 in which the usage mode of the pipe 10 is different from that of the assisting devices 1 to 4 shown in FIGS. 1 and 1, and in FIG. 10A, the person being assisted X sits down on the toilet seat Y.
- the state is shown, and the same (b) shows the state in which the person being assisted X stands up from the toilet seat Y.
- a state in which the person being assisted X using the device 5 sits straight on the toilet seat Y (same (c)) and a state in which the person being assisted is slightly tilted to the right side (same (d)). )
- a state of being greatly tilted toward that side the same (e)).
- FIG. 12A is a diagram showing that the tip of the pipe 10 and the body support 30 are detachably connected by an insertable connector (buckle) 50
- FIG. 12 (a) shows the body support 30.
- FIGS. (B) and (c) are detailed views showing a state of connection (and disconnection) by the connecting tool 50.
- FIGS. 1 to 6 An embodiment of the assisting device according to the invention is shown in FIGS. 1 to 6.
- the base end portions 11 of the two pipes 10 are attached to the upper support 20 fixed to the ceiling portion W, and the trunk is attached to the tip end portion, that is, the lower end portion of the pipes 10.
- the part support 30 is connected.
- a support plate 21 is fixed to the lower side of the ceiling portion W via a connecting member 21a, and the support plate 21 is used to provide an upper support 20 including a pipe support 22 and the like as shown in the figure. .. Then, the base end portion 11 of the pipe 10 is attached to the pipe support 22 of the support plate 21.
- the upper support 20 and the like including the support plate 21 can withstand the external force received from the weight and movement of the person being assisted X (see FIG. 3 and the like).
- the torso support 30 connected downward is for supporting the person to be assisted X, and has a portion 32 wrapped around the chest (near the armpit) of the person to be assisted X and a portion 33 hung on both shoulders.
- the body support 30 is equipped with a sensor (not shown) capable of detecting an abnormal movement of the person being assisted X and notifying the outside of the room.
- a sensor capable of detecting an abnormal movement of the person being assisted X and notifying the outside of the room.
- an acceleration sensor or a gyro sensor is attached so that the person being assisted X can detect staggering or falling.
- the pipe 10 connecting the upper support 20 and the body support 30 is a telescopic (nested) connection of a plurality of pipes having different thicknesses so as to be able to expand and contract as a whole. That is, the thinnest pipe 10a is connected to the base end portion 11, and a slightly thick pipe 10b is connected below the pipe 10a so as to be slidable in the length direction with respect to the pipe 10a. Similarly, a thick pipe 10c is connected so as to be slidable. The length of the pipe 10 is changed between the state of FIG. 1 (a) and the state of (b) by sliding the thin pipe in and out of the thick pipe. be able to.
- the outermost thickest pipe 10c was arranged below the pipe 10 and the body support 30 was connected to the tip (connecting portion 12) of the pipe 10 to be assisted by wrapping the body support 30 around the chest. This is to prevent the person X from being caught in the connecting portion between the pipes when the person X grasps the lower portion of the pipe 10, and to widen the movable range of the tip portion of the pipe 10.
- three pipes are connected telescopically as the pipe 10, but the number is not limited to three. Two or four or more pipes may be connected in the same manner, and only one pipe (hence the pipe itself is not stretchable) can be slid in and out of the support plate 21 and the ceiling portion W. It is also good to insert it like this.
- Each of the pipes 10a to 10c of the pipe 10 is made of carbon fiber reinforced resin (CFRP) so as to have sufficient strength, to be easily bent, and to generate an appropriate repulsive force when bent. Moreover, a layer in which carbon fibers are arranged in the length direction of the pipe (prepreg) and a layer in which the same fibers are arranged in the circumferential direction of the pipe (same as above) are provided so that high strength can be exhibited regardless of the direction of the acting force. The one with a laminated structure made by stacking is adopted.
- each of the tubes 10a to 10c a layer of a woven fabric woven with carbon fibers extending in two directions intersecting with each other is provided on the outer surface (outermost layer) directly touched by the person being assisted X, and by any chance.
- the inner surface (innermost layer) which may come into contact with human hands when broken, is similarly provided with a layer of woven fabric woven with glass fibers extending in two directions. To prevent the user from being injured, the fibers are less likely to be exposed on the outer and inner surfaces.
- Each pipe of the pipe 10 can also be formed of a fiber reinforced resin other than carbon fiber. Even when another fiber reinforced resin is used, it is preferable to adopt the same laminated structure as described above regarding the arrangement of the fibers.
- the structure shown in FIG. 2 is further adopted for the connecting portion between the ends so that the two pipes adjacent to each other always slide smoothly in the length direction. That is, as shown in FIG. 2B, there is an inward-facing locking step 10bx at the upper end of the pipe 10b located on the outside, and an outward-facing engagement is provided at the lower end of the pipe 10a that fits inside the pipe 10b.
- the structure is such that there is a stop step portion 10ax.
- These inward-facing and outward-facing steps 10bx and 10ax are formed by wrapping a thick carbon fiber or attaching a metal ring to the portion, and a step of 0.2 to 2.0 mm in the radial direction.
- the connecting portion of FIG. 2B is in the same state (a) when the pipe 10 is extended to the maximum, and the pipe 10a comes out of the pipe 10b when the locking step portions 10bx and 10ax abut against each other. Is prevented.
- the connecting portion is configured as shown in the figure, unlike the case where a coupling taper is provided at the end of the inner and outer pipes to prevent it from coming off, it is firmly fitted or fixed and it is difficult to slide and expand and contract thereafter. The situation that becomes does not occur.
- the connecting portion (not shown) between the pipe 10c and the pipe 10b, each step portion facing inward and outward is formed as in FIG. 2 showing the pipe 10b and the pipe 10a, respectively.
- the wire 13 is passed through the inside (hollow portion) of the stretchable pipe 10 as shown in FIG.
- the lower end of the wire 13 is connected to the connecting portion 12 of the pipe 10 shown in FIG. 1, and the upper end thereof is provided on the upper support 20 by protruding from the upper end opening of the base end 11 of the pipe 10. It is wound around the winder 28 of the operation mechanism 25.
- the operation mechanism 25 rotationally drives the take-up machine 28 together with the shaft 27 in both forward and reverse directions by a motor 26 with a speed reducer. By rotating the winder 28 in either direction, the wire 13 passed through the pipe 10 can be raised and lowered.
- the pipe 10 is contracted to raise the body support 30 as shown in FIG.
- a switch operation type with a motor 26 is configured as the operation mechanism 25, but it is also possible to make this a manual operation type.
- a manually driven gearbox including, for example, a ratchet mechanism
- the shaft 27 is rotated by driving it from the lower part (on the floor) with a handle such as an operation rod or a transmission means.
- a handle such as an operation rod or a transmission means.
- the base end portion 11 connected to the uppermost portion of the pipe 10 is a disk-shaped metal plate having a hole for inserting and holding the upper end portion of the cylinder 10a at the lower portion and a horizontal support shaft near the center. ..
- the base end portion 11 is sandwiched from both sides by the pipe supports 22 fixed to the support plate 21, and the support shafts thereof are rotatably held by the pipe supports 22. Therefore, the base end portion 11 and the uppermost portion of the pipe 10 cannot be angularly displaced in the direction of tilting to the left or right in FIG. 1, and may be angularly displaced so as to rotate only in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG. it can.
- the base end portion 11 and the support 22 are provided with a protruding engaging portion that comes into contact with each other when the base end portion 11 rotates by a specific angle to prevent further rotation (not shown). Therefore, the angular displacement in the direction perpendicular to the illustrated paper surface is also limited to a predetermined range ( ⁇ 45 ° or a narrower range centered vertically below the pipe support 22).
- the assisting device 1 configured as described above can appropriately support the body of the assisted person X by the pipe 10 when the lower body support 30 is wrapped around the chest or shoulder of the assisted person X. Since the fiber-reinforced resin pipe 10 flexes flexibly while having high strength, when the person being assisted X sways to either the front, back, left or right, it flexibly follows the movement of the person being assisted and has a repulsive force (restoring force). Force) is exerted to exert a force to return the person being assisted X to a normal posture.
- restoring force repulsive force
- the illustrated assisting device 1 can be useful for supporting the assisted person in a place where the person being assisted with weakened legs and hips stands or sits, for example, in a toilet, a bathroom, a bedroom, or the like.
- the function and the like of the assisting device 1 will be described by taking as an example the case of supporting the excretion of the person being assisted in the toilet.
- the base end portion 11 of the pipe 10 can be angularly displaced in that direction only within a limited fixed range.
- the pipe 10 exerts a force in the direction of returning while allowing a necessary range of movement. That is, when the person being assisted X sways and the body support 30 is excessively displaced back and forth, the pipe 10 bends to the side of the displacement and the force in the direction of returning the person being assisted X to the original position or posture. To exert.
- the assisting device 1 When the person being assisted X sits on or stands up on the toilet seat Y in the toilet, the assisting device 1 provides support as shown in FIG. That is, when the person being assisted X in a sitting state as shown in FIG. 4A stands up, the wire 13 passed through the pipe 10 is wound up by the operating mechanism 25 to pull up the body support 30. As a result, the person being assisted X can easily stand up to the state shown in FIG. 4 (b). When the standing assisted person X sits on the toilet seat Y, the wire 13 is unwound while braking by the operating mechanism 25, and the assisted person X is lowered together with the body support 30. If the driving force (pulling force) of the operation mechanism 25, the braking strength, the descending speed, etc.
- a scale (reference numeral 10s in FIG. 3) is provided on the surface of the narrower pipe of the pipe 10 or corresponds to the scale. It is also good to color-code. If the optimum scale and color are memorized for each person to be assisted and the pulling is stopped when the end of the thick pipe with respect to the thin pipe reaches the position of the optimum scale, the pulling can be performed without excess or deficiency.
- the movement can be performed most smoothly by once moving the center of gravity of the person to the front and then extending upward.
- the upper support 20 including the operating mechanism 25 is attached to the ceiling portion W at a position slightly in front of the toilet seat Y as shown in FIG. 5 (b). ing.
- the base end portion 11 of the pipe 10 is located in front of the person being assisted X, and the pipe 10 is connected to the person being assisted X who is sitting in a state of being inclined forward by the angle ⁇ shown in the figure.
- the assisting device 1 When the operation mechanism 25 is driven to wind up the wire 13 in the pipe 10, the assisting device 1 first pulls the person to be assisted X slightly forward and upward, and then pulls it almost directly above (FIGS. 5 (b) to 5 (b) to (Fig. 5). e)). As a result, the person being assisted X can stand up smoothly. In order to allow the person to be assisted X to sit smoothly on the toilet seat Y, it is preferable that the person being assisted X is slowly lowered from the same angle above the front. From the viewpoint of ease of such operation, the forward inclination angle ⁇ of the pipe 10 is preferably 0 ° to 45 °, and 3 ° to 20 ° is most suitable.
- the pipe 10 in which the person being assisted X is most likely to operate It is preferable in that the angle can be selected. In that case, it is preferable that the base end portion of the pipe can move at least within a range including the position directly above the position where the person to be assisted X sits and the position in front of the position.
- FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b) show a side view and a view from the lower front of the assisting device 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 5.
- the upper support 20 is fixed to the ceiling portion W as described above (see FIG. 6A), and the cover 20A is attached to the upper support 20 so that dust does not adhere to the operation mechanism 25 and the like. It is attached (see the same (b). In the same (a), the cover 20A is not shown).
- FIGS. 7 (a) to 7 (c) Examples of the assisting device 2 capable of horizontally moving the upper support 20 in the front-rear direction are shown in FIGS. 7 (a) to 7 (c).
- wheels 20B are provided on the upper part of each connecting member 21a of the upper support 20, and they are attached to the inside of the guide rail 20C attached to the lower surface of the ceiling portion W in the front-rear direction. If some of the wheels 20B are driven wheels connected to a motor or the like, the upper support 20 can be reciprocated back and forth along the rail 20C by operating a switch or the like. It also has a braking function to fix the position of the wheel 20B.
- Reference numeral 20A is a cover (however, in FIGS. 7A and 7B, the cover 20A is not shown).
- the body support 30 moves back and forth together with the pipe 10, so that it is possible to support the movement of the person being assisted X in the front-back direction. Since it can be pulled up from an appropriate position in an appropriate direction, it is possible to support movements such as standing and sitting most smoothly. If it is possible to move to the rear of the person being assisted X (behind the toilet seat Y), the pipe 10 or the like can be tidied up near the rear wall or the like when not in use.
- FIG. 8 (a) to 8 (c) show an example of an assisting device 3 in which the upper support 20 is rotatable in a horizontal plane.
- wheels 20B are provided above each of the connecting members 21a of the upper support 20, and they are attached to the inside of the guide rail 20D attached so as to form an annular track on the lower surface of the ceiling portion W. (Wheel 20B can be fixed in position).
- the upper support 20 can be arbitrarily rotated horizontally along the rail 20D (also in FIG. 8, the cover 20A is shown only in FIG. (C). In the same (a) and (b), the illustration is omitted). If the upper support 20 rotates horizontally, the person being assisted X who stands up from the wheelchair, turns his / her body, sits on the toilet seat, then turns again and returns to the wheelchair is used for assistance.
- the device 3 can appropriately support.
- the support frame 40 is used to assist the elderly in a room where the device cannot be installed by using the ceiling portion W or the like due to the structure of the house, or when going out or staying at an accommodation. It is also preferable to assemble a simple assisting device using the above.
- the support frame 40 is a vertically long frame that is stable and self-supporting, and the height of the uppermost portion is about 1.8 m to 4 m.
- the straight portion 41 is manufactured of carbon fiber reinforced resin, and the bent portion / connecting portion 42 is manufactured of aluminum alloy or the like, and can be disassembled and assembled.
- the support frame 40 can also be formed of a fiber reinforced resin other than carbon fiber.
- the main part or the like may be made of metal.
- the assisting device 4 shown in FIG. 9A can be used in a place where the person being assisted stands or sits, such as a toilet, a bathroom, or a bed in an arbitrary place such as when going out.
- the minimum assistance can be realized by the device 4 of FIG. 9 (a). That is, even if the person being assisted X is not pulled up or down, when the person stands or sits, the pipe 10 having a telescopic structure expands and contracts to follow the movement, and the person being assisted X moves back and forth and left and right. This is because when the pipe 10 sways to any of the above, the pipe 10 bends and exerts a force to return the posture of the person being assisted X by the repulsive force. It is also possible to pass a wire or the like through the pipe 10 and to provide the upper support 20 with a manual operation mechanism that is not equipped with a motor as described above.
- the person to be assisted X can be pulled up and raised, or conversely lowered to sit.
- a wire rod such as a rope or another towing member can be used instead.
- FIG. 10 shows an assisting device 5 that is characteristic of the usage mode of the pipe 10.
- the same (a) shows a state in which the person being assisted X sits down on the toilet seat Y, and the same (b) shows a state in which the person being assisted X stands up from the toilet seat Y.
- the assisting device 5 supports the body support 30 by using two pipes 10 similar to the assisting devices 1 to 4 shown in FIGS. 1 and 1, but is attached to the upper support 22. With respect to the base end portions 11 of both pipes 10, the distance W1 between them is wider than the distance W2 at the connecting portion between both pipes 10 and the lower body support 30 so that the two pipes 10 are convex to the left and right outward. It is characterized by having elastic flexure.
- each pipe 10 is formed by connecting a plurality of pipes made of fiber reinforced resin to a telescopic structure capable of expanding and contracting, and a wire or the like for traction is passed through the inside.
- each of the two pipes 10 is illustrated on the person being assisted X. Apply the force in the direction of the arrow. Since both forces have opposite directions and the same magnitude, no force acts on the person being assisted X in either direction as a resultant force.
- the person being assisted X is slightly tilted to the left or right from the state shown in FIG. 10 (c) (the same person (d))
- the bending of one of the pipes 10 increases and the person being assisted X is returned to the center.
- FIGS. 11 (a) to 11 (c) showing changes in force when two pipes 10 are used in parallel (or substantially parallel). Then it is easy to understand. i) In the state where the person being assisted X is in the central position (the same (a)), neither of the pipes 10 exerts any force on the person being assisted because the two pipes 10 are straight. ii) When the person being assisted X is slightly tilted to the left or right (the same (b)), both pipes 10 bend in the same direction and exert a force to return the person being assisted X to the center. As the resultant force from both pipes, the force to return the person being assisted X acts to a large extent.
- both of the two pipes 10 are greatly bent and exert a strong force to return the person being assisted X to its original position.
- the force to return the tilt of the person being assisted X from the two pipes 10 tends to act strongly, so that the pipe 10 Depending on the strength setting situation, the shaking may not converge smoothly, such as moving the person being assisted X in the opposite direction beyond the central position.
- FIG. 12A shows a preferable connection state between the lower end of the pipe 10 and the body support 30.
- Each of the pipes 10 and the back surface portion of the body support 30 are connected by using the easily removable insertable connector (buckle) 50 shown in (b) and (c).
- the connector 50 is composed of the male side member 51 and the female side member 52 shown in the same (b), and the male side member 51 is fixed to the tip (connecting portion 12) of the pipe 10 as in the same (a), and the female side.
- the member 52 is integrated with the body support 30 via the connecting belt 53. In that case, the wire or the like passing through the inside of the pipe 10 is connected to the male side member 51.
- Both members 51 and 52 of the connector 50 are connected by inserting one inside the other as in the same (c).
- the two claws 51a of the male side member 51 are inserted into the annular portion of the female side member 52 and hooked on the engaging piece 52a to form a connected state.
- the claws 51a are pinched by hand from the outside and an inward force is applied, the claws 51a on both sides are disengaged from the engaging piece 52a, so that the connection can be released as in the same (b).
- a connecting tool 50 is used for connecting the tip of the pipe 10 and the body supporting tool 30, the person being assisted can select and use the body supporting tool 30 having a size suitable for each physique. it can.
- the assisting device can be used by connecting to the pipe 10 within a very short time (for example, within 20 seconds) in a toilet or the like. Become.
- the connection between the pipe 10 and the body support 30 by the connecting tool 50 can be adopted in any of the assisting devices 1 to 5 shown in each of the above examples.
- the invention according to the present application may be used in an industry or the like that assists the elderly or the physically handicapped or supports the maintenance of physical strength, or provides a device for that purpose.
Abstract
Description
特許文献1には、チェーンブロック等の昇降手段の下に連結されたワイヤやロープを、被介助者の脇の下に掛けるベルトと結び付ける装置が示されている。ワイヤやロープと昇降手段等によって人の体重を支え、その昇降手段を軌道に沿って移動可能にしたことにより、たとえば車イスと便座との間で被介助者が移動して立ったり座ったりするのを助けることができる。
発明によるこの介助用装置は、繊維強化樹脂製のパイプによって被介助者の身体を支えるものである。繊維強化樹脂製のパイプは、釣竿やゴルフクラブ等に使用されるものであって高強度であるうえフレキシブルに撓むことができ、撓むことによって被介助者の動きに柔軟に追従しながらソフトに反発力を発揮することができる。したがって、発明の装置では、被介助者が前後左右のいずれかへふらつくような不安定な動きをしたとき、パイプが撓むことによって被介助者に追従し、かつ、元の位置や姿勢に戻す向きの適度な力を被介助者に及ぼすことができる。
そのため、この介助用装置は、被介助者の体重を完全に支えるようにしなくとも、被介助者が自らの残存能力を使って立ったり座ったりすることを補助または支援するよう構成することが可能である。残存能力を活用するのであれば、その介助を通じて被介助者が体力を維持し身体機能を回復するよう促す作用も発揮することができる。
上記のパイプは、室内上方位置に取り付けられている基端部があらゆる方向に自由に角度変位するようでは、被介助者の前後左右への動きを適切に支えることができない。ただし、トイレや風呂場、寝室等において被介助者は特定の方向へは動作するのが通常である(たとえばトイレにおいては前後方向へ多少の移動をしたり体を傾けたりする)。そのため、パイプの基端部が、上記のとおり少なくとも一方向(たとえば左右)へは角度変位ができず、また、別の方向(たとえば前後)へは制限された範囲内で角度変位ができる、という状態に取り付けられているのが、被介助者を支えるうえで適している。
パイプの強度や剛性(撓み方)を適切に設定すると、パイプの本数にかかわらず被介助者を適切に支えることができる。しかし、パイプが2本であれば、被介助者の姿勢を反発力によって戻しやすいうえ、体の中心回りに回転する動きを戻すための力も発揮させることができる。なお、パイプを3本以上使用するのもよいが、その場合には当然ながら2本の場合よりも装置のコストが上昇する。
上記のように2本のパイプが撓んだ状態で胴部支持具に連結されていると、両パイプが平行である場合よりも安定的に被介助者を支えることができる。それは、被介助者の身体が左右いずれかへ僅かに傾いたとき、2本のうち一方のパイプは撓みを増して被介助者を引き戻す向きに力を発揮するものの、他方のパイプは撓みが小さくなって力がゼロに近くなるため、被介助者に対して双方のパイプから急に強い力が及ぶことがないからである(図10(d)を参照)。両パイプが平行である場合には、同じように被介助者の身体が左右いずれかへ僅かに傾いたとき、両パイプが同じ向きに撓むために、被介助者を引き戻す向きの力が両パイプからの合力として強めに作用し、結果として中立点を超えて逆向きに被介助者を揺らしてしまいがちである(図11(b)参照)。
各パイプの先端部と胴部支持具とは、通常は分離することがないものとして固定的に連結されていてもよいが、その場合には、介助用装置が設けられた場所(トイレや浴室等)に被介助者が来るたびに、その者の胴部に胴部支持具を装着する必要がある。体格が異なるそれぞれの被介助者に同一の胴部支持具を装着するので、サイズが合わなくて最適な状態にはホールドできない場合があり得るほか、装着に時間がかかって排泄に間に合わない恐れもある。
その点、上記のようにパイプの先端部と胴部支持具とが着脱可能な挿入式の連結具によって連結されるなら、被介助者の体格に適した胴部支持具を使用できるうえ、トイレに行く時間が近づいたとき等にあらかじめその胴部支持具を被介助者に装着しておけば、トイレ等でパイプの先端部に直ちに連結することができる。
このような介助用装置であれば、被介助者が前後左右に揺れる動きを抑制できるだけでなく、被介助者が立ったり座ったりする動きを積極的に補助することも可能である。操作機構を駆動して牽引用部材を引き上げる(たとえば線材を巻き上げる)よう操作すると、胴部支持具を引き上げることによって被介助者(図3の符号X)を立たせるように力を発揮させることができ、また、牽引用部材を徐々に緩めて逆に下ろす(たとえば線材を巻き出す)ように操作すると被介助者を座らせるための支援ができるからである。
発明の介助用装置を使用すると、たとえば被介助者がトイレで用を足す間、介助者がトイレ内に付き添う必要がない。その点は、介助者と被介助者の精神面の負担を大きく軽減するものである。上記のとおり胴部支持具にセンサーを設けて被介助者の異状動作を検出できるなら、トイレ等の外にいる介助者が万一の場合にも直ちに対応できる点でさらに好ましいといえる。
腰かけた状態の被介助者が立ち上がろうとするとき、真上に引き上げるよりもやや前方に引き上げる方が被介助者を立たせやすい。腰かけた状態から立ち上がる動作は、図5(a)に示すように、まず前方へ重心を移動させたうえで上方へ伸び上がるものだからである。そのため、パイプの基端部(上部)が、被介助者が腰かける位置の真上よりも前方の位置にあるのが有利なのである。
発明者らの調査によると、そのように傾斜したパイプによって当該範囲の角度(すなわち、図5(b)において0°≦θ≦45°なる角度θの方向)に引き上げるのが、腰かけた被介助者を最もスムーズに立ち上がらせやすいからである。なお、最も望ましいのは、3°≦θ≦20°である。
そのように上部支持器が水平移動して上記パイプの基端部も移動するなら、発明の装置は、被介助者を最も適切な向きに引き上げる等して立つ・座る等の動作を支援できることに加え、特定範囲内で被介助者が前進・後退する動きをも補助することができる。また、フレキシブルで反発性のあるパイプを使用することから、当然ながら、被介助者が前後左右に不安定に揺れる動きを適切に支えることも可能である。なお、上記パイプの基端部が被介助者の後方へも移動することから、使用しないときにそのパイプ等を後方の壁際等に片付けておくことが可能である。
上記パイプの基端部が上記のように水平旋回するなら、被介助者が、胴部支持具を装着された状態で車椅子から立ち上がり、身体の向きを変えてトイレの便座に腰かけ、その後に再び向きを変えて車椅子に戻る、といった動作をスムーズに行うことができる。
一人介助が可能であると、当然ながら、介助する側の負担が大幅に軽減される。トイレや風呂場等は狭いことが多いので、スムーズな介助を行いやすくなる場合も少なくない。
上記の介助用装置では、繊維強化樹脂製のパイプによって被介助者を支えるため、介助用装置を使用しないとき二人で行っていた介助を一人で行うことが可能になる。なお、上記のように胴部支持具にセンサーが設けられている場合等には、トイレでの用便中の被介助者を無人介助状態にすることも可能になり、被介助者の尊厳が守られやすい。
太さの異なる複数の管がテレスコピックに連結されたパイプでは、伸張状態にされたとき、外側に位置する管の端部内面に形成されたテーパ面と、その内側に嵌る管の端部外面に形成されたテーパ面とが嵌合することによって、各管が連結して抜け出ないようになっていることが多い(たとえば一般的な釣竿において)。しかしそのような構造では、伸張状態でテーパ面同士が過度に強く嵌合することがあり、その後に各管がスムーズに摺動し合って収縮することが難しくなる恐れがある。
上記したパイプのように外側の管の端部に内側向きの係止用段部があり、内側の管の端部に外側向きの係止用段部があるなら、テーパ面同士が過度に強く嵌合してその後の収縮がスムーズでなくなることがない。パイプが伸張状態になったとき、外側の管の内側向きの係止用段部と内側の管の外側向きの係止用段部とが突き当たること(図2(a)参照)によって各管は抜け出ないようにつながり、タイトに嵌合することはないからである。
繊維強化樹脂は軽量で高強度のプラスチックであり、ゴルフクラブのシャフトや釣竿等に使用されるものである。上記のように、長さ方向に延びた繊維の層とパイプの周方向に延びた繊維の層とを重ねて有するパイプであれば、作用する力の方向にかかわらず強度を発揮して、折れ曲がったり断裂したりすることが避けられる。したがって、発明の介助用装置に上記のようなパイプを使用すると、装置を軽量に構成できるうえそのパイプの強度に基づいて被介助者を強くしっかりと支えることができる。
胴部支持具に連結される管は被介助者に近い部分に位置するため、被介助者がその管を手で握る可能性がある。もしその管が上記パイプのうち細い方の管(つまり他の管の内側に嵌る管)であったなら、パイプが縮むときに太い管の内側に入るため、管を握った手が管同士の隙間に巻き込まれる恐れがある。また、最も太い管の基端部が角度変位を制限されて室内上方位置に取り付けられていると、撓みによってパイプの先端部が変位し得る範囲が狭くなり、被介助者の移動可能な領域が限定的になる。その点、上記のとおり上記パイプのうち最も外側に嵌る太い管が先端部として胴部支持具に連結されていると、その管を握った被介助者の手が管の隙間に巻き込まれることがなく、また被介助者の可動領域を広く設けられるという利点がある。
このような介助用装置なら、天井部分等にパイプ(の基端部)を取り付けることができない室内や、または外出先においても、立ったり座ったりする高齢者等の介助を適切に行うことができる。支持フレームの主要部分を炭素繊維強化樹脂など軽量・高強度な材料で構成すると、同フレームを持ち運んだり必要な場所で組み立てたりすることも容易にできるため、とくに好ましい。
そのような支持フレームがあれば、上記のように、天井部分等にパイプが取り付けられない場所においても、パイプの基端部を上方位置に取り付けて介助用装置を構成することができる。そのため、多様な場所で排泄等に関する介助が可能になる。
上記のパイプがテレスコピック構造のものであって中に線材等の牽引用部材が通されており、その部材を操作して上記の胴部支持具を移動させる操作機構が設けられているならば、被介助者が前後左右へふらつくような動きを抑制できるだけでなく、被介助者が立ったり座ったりする動きを積極的に補助することも可能になる。
上記の胴部支持具に適切なセンサーが設けられていると、被介助者がよろめいたり転倒したりしたことがそのセンサーで検出されるため、被介助者がたとえば一人で用便するなど、介助者と被介助者とが離れている場合にも、不測の事態に直ちに対応できる。
また、上記パイプの基端部が上部支持器に取り付けられていて、同支持器が、室内床面上に自立し得る支持フレームの上部に着脱可能に取り付けられるという構成なら、外出先などパイプが取り付けられていない場所においても、高齢者等の介助を適切に行うことが可能である。
下方に連結する胴部支持具30は、被介助者Xを支えるためのもので、その者の胸(脇の下付近)に巻く部分32と、両肩に掛ける部分33とを有する。巻き付けたり外したりしやすい構造を採用し、感触のよいソフトな材料(たとえばゴムや布)を用いて形成している。パイプ10と胴部支持具30との間は、パイプ10の先端部に設けた連結部12から連結帯31を延ばして、その先に胴部支持具30(の背中側の左右各部分)を接続している。
胴部支持具30には、被介助者Xの異状動作を検出して室外に通報することが可能なセンサー(図示省略)を取り付けている。センサーとしては加速度センサーやジャイロセンサーとを取り付けて、被介助者Xがよろめいたことや転倒したことが検出されるようにしている。このようなセンサーを使用すると、たとえば被介助者Xがトイレで用を足す間、介助者がトイレ内に付き添わなくても安心であるため、両者の精神的な負担が大幅に軽減され被介助者の尊厳が守られる。
図示の例ではパイプ10として3本の管をテレスコピックに連結しているが、3本に限るものではない。2本もしくは4本以上の管を同様に連結するのもよく、また、1本のみの管(したがって管自体は伸縮可能ではない)を支持板21や天井部分Wに対しスライドして出入り可能なように挿入するのもよい。
パイプ10の各管は炭素繊維以外の繊維強化樹脂で形成することも可能である。他の繊維強化樹脂を使用する場合にも、その繊維の配置に関して上記と同様の積層構造を採用するのがよい。
なお、例示のワイヤ13に代えてロープ(たとえばケブラー繊維でできたもの)を使用することも可能である。ワイヤやロープ等の線材のみに限らず、可撓性のある棒材、または、ネジ部を介し他の部品と結合していて回転することにより当該他の部品を引上げ・引下げできる部材(つまりネジ部を有する棒状のもの)など各種の牽引用部材を使用することも考えられる。
図1の装置1では操作機構25としてモータ26付きのスイッチ操作式のものを構成しているが、これを手動操作式にすることも可能である。モータ26に代えて手動で駆動するギヤボックス(たとえばラチェット機構等を含む)を上部に配置し、それを下部(床上)から操作ロッド等のハンドルや伝達手段により駆動してシャフト27を回転させる、といった機構を構成可能である。
また、被介助者Xの前後方向(図3の紙面と直角の方向)への動きについては、パイプ10の基端部11がその方向へは限定された一定範囲でのみ角度変位し得るため、パイプ10は、必要な範囲の動きを許容しながらも元に戻す向きの力を発揮する。すなわち、被介助者Xがふらついたりして胴部支持具30が前後に過度に変位した場合、パイプ10がその変位の側に撓んで被介助者Xを元の位置や姿勢に戻す向きの力を及ぼす。
被介助者Xのそれぞれの身長や姿勢に応じた好ましい高さまで毎回適切に引き上げるためには、パイプ10の細い方の管の表面に目盛(図3における符号10s)を付けたり、目盛に相当する色分けをしたりするのもよい。被介助者ごとに最適な目盛や色を記憶しておいて、細い管に対する太い管の端部がその最適な目盛等の位置に来たとき引き上げを停止すると、過不足なく引き上げることができる。
上部支持器20を、たとえば前後方向(図5(b)~(e)の紙面上での左右の方向)に水平移動させ得るように構成すると、被介助者Xが最も動作しやすいパイプ10の角度を選べる等の点で好ましい。その場合、少なくとも、被介助者Xが腰かける位置の真上とそれよりも前方の位置とを含む範囲で当該パイプの基端部が移動し得るようにするのがよい。
上部支持器20が水平移動できると、パイプ10とともに胴部支持具30が前後へ移動するため、被介助者Xの前後方向への動作を支援することができる。適切な位置から適切な向きに引き上げることもできるので、立つ・座る等の動作を最もスムーズに支援することも可能である。被介助者Xの後方(便座Yの後方)へも移動できるようにすると、使用しないときにパイプ10等を後方の壁際等に片付けておくこともできる。
上部支持器20が水平回転するなら、車椅子から立ち上がって身体の向きを変えたうえトイレの便座に腰かけ、その後に再び向きを変えて車椅子に戻る、といった動作をする被介助者Xを、介助用装置3が適切に支援することができる。
支持フレーム40は、図9(b)に示すとおり安定的に自立する縦長の枠体であって、最上部の高さが1.8m~4m程度である。直線部分41を炭素繊維強化樹脂で製造し、屈曲部・連結用部分42をアルミ合金等で製造しており、分解・組立が可能である。主要部が炭素繊維強化樹脂製であるために軽量で、連結用部分で分離して複数のパーツに分解したうえ持ち運ぶことも容易である。
なお、この支持フレーム40についても、炭素繊維以外の繊維強化樹脂で形成することができる。持ち運ぶことのない支持フレーム40とする場合には、主要部分等を金属製とすることも差し支えない。
パイプ10の中にワイヤ等を通したうえ、上部支持器20に、前記のようなモータ付きではない手動式の操作機構を設けることも可能である。手動のハンドルやラチェット、連結ロッド、伝動機器等を含む手動機構を用いてワイヤを上昇・下降させると、被介助者Xを引き上げて立たせたり逆に下ろして座らせたりすることができる。
なお、ここに例示したワイヤについても、それに代えてロープ等の線材や他の牽引用部材を使用することができる。
この介助用装置5は、図1等に示した介助用装置1~4と同様のパイプ10を2本使用して胴部支持具30を支えるものではあるが、上部の支持具22に取り付けた両パイプ10の基端部11について、それらの間隔W1を両パイプ10と下方の胴部支持具30との連結部での間隔W2よりも広くしたことにより、両パイプ10に左右外側向きに凸となる弾性的な撓みをもたせた点に特徴がある。上部の支持具22はパイプ10を左右へ傾くことのないように支持しているため、間隔W1を間隔W2よりも広くすることにより、両パイプ10は外側向きに凸の曲線状に弾性変形することになる。なお、図1等の例と同じく各パイプ10は繊維強化樹脂製の複数の管が伸縮可能なテレスコピック構造に連結されたもので、内側には牽引のためのワイヤ等が通されている。
2) 図10(c)の状態から、被介助者Xが左右いずれかへ少し傾いたとき(同(d))は、一方のパイプ10の撓みが増して被介助者Xを中央に戻そうとする力(反発力)が増すものの他方のパイプ10がほぼ直線状になって被介助者Xへの力がほぼゼロとなる。そのため、双方のパイプの合力としては、被介助者Xを元に戻そうとする力が僅かに(すなわち1本のパイプ10の撓みの分だけ)増加して被介助者Xに作用する。
3) 図10(d)の状態から被介助者Xがさらに大きく傾いたとき(同(e))は、2本のパイプ10がともに大きく撓むため、それらの弾性力に基づいて被介助者Xを元に戻そうとする力が強く作用する。
被介助者Xがふらついて左右へ少し傾いたときからその傾きが大きくなるまでの間、2本のパイプ10から胴部支持具30を介して被介助者Xに作用して傾きを戻そうとする力は、上記2)の状態を経由してゆっくりと増加する。そのため、急に強い力が作用する結果として逆の向きにまで被介助者Xを揺らしてしまうような不都合が生じない。
i) 被介助者Xが中央位置にいる状態(同(a))では、2本のパイプ10が真っ直ぐであるためいずれのパイプ10も被介助者に力を及ぼさない。
ii) 被介助者Xが左右いずれかへ少し傾いたとき(同(b))は、双方のパイプ10が同じ向きに撓んで被介助者Xを中央に戻そうとする力を発揮するため、双方のパイプからの合力として、被介助者Xを元に戻そうとする力が大きめに作用する。
iii) 被介助者Xがさらに大きく傾いたとき(同(c))は、2本のパイプ10がともに大きく撓んで被介助者Xを元に戻そうとする力を強く発揮する。
被介助者Xがふらついて左右へ少し傾いた上記ii)の時点で、2本のパイプ10から被介助者Xの傾きを戻そうとする力が強めに作用しがちであるため、パイプ10の強度の設定状況によっては、中央位置を超えた逆の向きに被介助者Xを動かしてしまうなど、揺れが円滑には収束しない可能性がある。
連結具50は同(b)に示すオス側部材51とメス側部材52とからなり、同(a)のようにオス側部材51をパイプ10の先端(連結部12)に固着させ、メス側部材52を接続ベルト53を介して胴部支持具30に一体化する。その場合、パイプ10の内側に通してあるワイヤ等はオス側部材51につないでおく。
パイプ10の先端部と胴部支持具30との連結にこのような連結具50を使用すると、被介助者がそれぞれの体格に適した大きさの胴部支持具30を選んで使用することができる。また、あらかじめその胴部支持具30を被介助者Xに装着しておくなら、トイレ等できわめて短時間内(たとえば20秒以内)にパイプ10との接続が行えて介助用装置が使用可能になる。
なお、このような連結具50によるパイプ10と胴部支持具30との連結は、上述の各例に示した介助用装置1~5のいずれにも採用することができる。
10 パイプ
10a・10b・10c 管
10ax・10bx 係止用段部
11 基端部
12 連結部
13 ワイヤ(線材)
20 上部支持器
25 操作機構
30 胴部支持具
40 支持フレーム
50 連結具
X 被介助者
Y 便座
Claims (17)
- 被介助者の身体を支えるための介助用装置であって、
繊維強化樹脂製のパイプの基端部が室内上方位置に取り付けられていて、そのパイプの先端部が、被介助者の胴部に装着される胴部支持具に連結されていることを特徴とする介助用装置。 - 上記のパイプの基端部は、
少なくとも一方向へは角度変位ができず、また、角度変位する方向について変位可能な角度範囲が制限されているという拘束状態で、
室内上方位置に取り付けられていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の介助用装置。 - 上記のパイプが2本あり、各パイプの先端部が、被介助者の左右各側において上記の胴部支持具に連結されていることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の介助用装置。
- 上記2本のパイプが、それぞれ左右外側向きに凸となるよう弾性的に撓んだ状態で使用されることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の介助用装置。
- 上記パイプの先端部と上記胴部支持具との連結が、着脱可能な挿入式の連結具によるものであることを特徴とする請求項1~4に記載の介助用装置。
- 上記のパイプが、長さ変更の可能なテレスコピック構造のものであり、そのパイプの中に牽引用部材が通されているとともに、その牽引用部材を操作して上記の胴部支持具を移動させる操作機構が設けられていることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の介助用装置。
- 上記の胴部支持具に、被介助者の異状動作を検出し得るセンサーが設けられていることを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の介助用装置。
- 上記のパイプの基端部が、被介助者が腰かける位置の真上またはそれよりも前方の位置にあることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の介助用装置。
- 上記のパイプの基端部は、被介助者が腰かける位置の真上から前方へ0°~45°だけ上記パイプが傾斜する位置にあることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の介助用装置。
- 上記のパイプの基端部が上部支持器に取り付けられていて、被介助者が腰かける位置の真上を含む前方および後方に当該パイプの基端部が移動するよう、上記上部支持器の全部または一部が水平移動可能であることを特徴とする請求項1~9のいずれかに記載の介助用装置。
- 上記のパイプの基端部が上部支持器に取り付けられていて、当該パイプの基端部が円周軌道に沿って水平旋回するよう、上記上部支持器の全部または一部が回転可能であることを特徴とする請求項1~10のいずれかに記載の介助用装置。
- 被介助者が立ち座りおよび車椅子との間での移乗を行うことを、健常者一人によって介助することを可能とする請求項1~11のいずれかに記載の介助用装置。
- 上記のパイプは、太さの異なる複数の管がテレスコピックに連結されたものであり、外側に位置する管の一方の端部に内側向きの係止用段部があり、外側に位置するその管の内側に嵌る管の、上記端部と逆向きの端部に外側向きの係止用段部があることを特徴とする請求項1~12のいずれかに記載の介助用装置。
- 上記のパイプは、繊維強化樹脂製であって、パイプの長さ方向に延びた繊維の層と、パイプの周方向に延びた繊維の層とを重ねて有するものであることを特徴とする請求項1~13のいずれかに記載の介助用装置。
- 上記のパイプにおける太さの異なる複数の管のうち最も外側に嵌る管が、上記の先端部として上記の胴部支持具に連結されていることを特徴とする請求項13または14に記載の介助用装置。
- 上記のパイプの基端部が上部支持器に取り付けられていて、当該上部支持器が、室内床面上に自立し得る支持フレームの上部に着脱可能に取り付けられることを特徴とする請求項1~15のいずれかに記載の介助用装置。
- 請求項1~16のいずれかに記載した介助用装置のための支持フレームであって、
室内床面上に自立することができ、上記パイプの基端部が上部に着脱可能に取り付けられるよう構成されていることを特徴とする支持フレーム。
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CN202080004542.XA CN113316442B (zh) | 2019-12-25 | 2020-09-23 | 护理用装置 |
EP20859631.2A EP3868350A4 (en) | 2019-12-25 | 2020-09-23 | ASSISTANCE DEVICE |
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USD1021080S1 (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2024-04-02 | Deli ZHANG | Lifting sling |
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