WO2021117692A1 - パターン形成用組成物 - Google Patents
パターン形成用組成物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2021117692A1 WO2021117692A1 PCT/JP2020/045547 JP2020045547W WO2021117692A1 WO 2021117692 A1 WO2021117692 A1 WO 2021117692A1 JP 2020045547 W JP2020045547 W JP 2020045547W WO 2021117692 A1 WO2021117692 A1 WO 2021117692A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- group
- carbon atoms
- pattern
- triazine ring
- represented
- Prior art date
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- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005375 organosiloxane group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002923 oximes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003854 p-chlorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C1Cl 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000636 p-nitrophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)[N+]([O-])=O 0.000 description 1
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- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004817 pentamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N phenyl(114C)methanol Chemical compound O[14CH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003356 phenylsulfanyl group Chemical group [*]SC1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000259 polyoxyethylene lauryl ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000256 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010486 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000249 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010483 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001818 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010989 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001816 polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010988 polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002572 propoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003217 pyrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013558 reference substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940035044 sorbitan monolaurate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001593 sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011069 sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 235000011078 sorbitan tristearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960004129 sorbitan tristearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- BSYVTEYKTMYBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1CCCO1 BSYVTEYKTMYBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001029 thermal curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010023 transfer printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- 229940096522 trimethylolpropane triacrylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004072 triols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LZTRCELOJRDYMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylmethanol Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LZTRCELOJRDYMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000404 tripotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019798 tripotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- JODJRDDQVZMRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trityloxyboronic acid Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(OB(O)O)C1=CC=CC=C1 JODJRDDQVZMRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N urethane group Chemical group NC(=O)OCC JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/0005—Production of optical devices or components in so far as characterised by the lithographic processes or materials used therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/0622—Polycondensates containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C08G73/0638—Polycondensates containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with at least three nitrogen atoms in the ring
- C08G73/0644—Poly(1,3,5)triazines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/10—Esters; Ether-esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
- C08L79/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/04—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of organic materials, e.g. plastics
- G02B1/041—Lenses
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
- G02B3/0006—Arrays
- G02B3/0012—Arrays characterised by the manufacturing method
- G02B3/0031—Replication or moulding, e.g. hot embossing, UV-casting, injection moulding
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/0005—Production of optical devices or components in so far as characterised by the lithographic processes or materials used therefor
- G03F7/0007—Filters, e.g. additive colour filters; Components for display devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
- G03F7/032—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with binders
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/10—Apparatus or processes specially adapted to the manufacture of electroluminescent light sources
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
- H05B33/22—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of auxiliary dielectric or reflective layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/10—Esters; Ether-esters
- C08K5/101—Esters; Ether-esters of monocarboxylic acids
- C08K5/103—Esters; Ether-esters of monocarboxylic acids with polyalcohols
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a pattern-forming composition.
- a polymer containing a repeating unit having a triazine ring and an aromatic ring has a high refractive index, and the polymer alone has high heat resistance, high transparency, high refractive index, and high solubility. It has already been found that low volume shrinkage can be achieved and that it is suitable as a film-forming composition for producing electronic devices (Patent Document 1).
- an organic electroluminescence display generally has a problem that the light extraction efficiency, that is, the efficiency at which the generated light is emitted to the outside of the device is low.
- Various technologies have been conventionally developed as light extraction methods to solve this problem, and one of them is to eliminate the difference in refractive index between layers, which is one of the causes of loss of light before it goes out.
- Techniques using a high refractive index layer and a high refractive index pattern are known.
- Many negative photosensitive compositions have been proposed for this high refractive index pattern, and the applicant has also reported various materials capable of forming a negative high refractive index pattern (Patent Documents). See 2-4).
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a pattern-forming composition capable of forming a pattern having a high refractive index and excellent transparency.
- the present inventor has made a composition containing a triazine ring-containing polymer in which at least a part of the triazine ring terminal is sealed with a hydroxyl group-substituted arylamino group and a cross-linking agent. , And found that a transparent fine pattern can be formed with a high refractive index, and completed the present invention.
- a pattern-forming composition comprising coalescence, a cross-linking agent, and an organic solvent.
- R and R' represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, or an aralkyl group independently of each other.
- Ar 1 represents at least one selected from the group represented by the following formulas (2) to (13).
- R 1 to R 92 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a sulfo group, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- R 93 and R 94 represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- W 1 and W 2 are independent of each other and single bond, CR 95 R 96 (R 95 and R 96 are independent of each other and are hydrogen atoms or alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms (however, they are together).
- R 97 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or Represents a phenyl group.
- X 1 and X 2 are independent of each other and have a single bond, an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or the following formula (14).
- R 98 to R 101 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a sulfo group, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- Y 1 and Y 2 independently represent a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the electronic device of [9] which is organic electroluminescence, [11].
- An optical member comprising a base material and a cured product of [7] or [8] formed on the base material. [12].
- the pattern-forming composition according to any one of [1] to [5] is applied to a substrate, the organic solvent is evaporated, light is irradiated through a mask on which a pattern is formed, then developed, and further fired. How to make a pattern, which is characterized by [13].
- R and R' represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, or an aralkyl group independently of each other.
- Ar 1 represents at least one selected from the group represented by the following formulas (2) to (13).
- R 1 to R 92 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a sulfo group, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- R 93 and R 94 represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- X 1 and X 2 are independent of each other and have a single bond, an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or the following formula (14).
- R 98 to R 101 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a sulfo group, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- Y 1 and Y 2 independently represent a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the triazine ring-containing polymer of [13], wherein the hydroxyl group-substituted arylamino group is represented by the following formula (15). [15].
- the triazine ring-containing polymer of [14] represented by the following formula (16), wherein the hydroxyl group-substituted arylamino group is used.
- the Ar 1 is a triazine ring-containing polymer according to any one of [13] to [15] represented by the following formula (17). I will provide a.
- the composition of the present invention is exposed and cured in a pattern by masking or the like, then alkaline-developed and then fired to give a fine pattern having a high refractive index and excellent transparency. Since the pattern produced from the composition of the present invention can exhibit the characteristics of high heat resistance, high refractive index, and low volume shrinkage due to the triazine ring-containing polymer, a liquid crystal display, an organic electroluminescence (EL) display, and a touch panel , Optical semiconductor (LED) element, solid-state imaging element, organic thin film solar cell, dye-sensitized solar cell, organic thin film transistor (TFT), lens, prism, camera, binoculars, microscope, semiconductor exposure device, etc. It can be suitably used in the fields of electronic devices and optical materials. In particular, the pattern produced from the composition of the present invention can be suitably used as a pattern forming product for light extraction of an organic EL display.
- FIG. FIG. 5 is a 1 1 H-NMR spectrum diagram of the polymer compound [5] obtained in Example 2. It is an optical micrograph of the patterning film produced in Example 3. It is an electron micrograph of the patterning film produced in Example 3. It is an optical micrograph of the patterning film produced in Example 4. It is an electron micrograph of the patterning film produced in Example 4. It is an optical micrograph of the patterning film produced in Example 5.
- the pattern-forming composition according to the present invention contains a repeating unit structure represented by the following formula (1), has at least one triazine ring terminal, and at least a part of the triazine ring terminal is a hydroxyl group-substituted arylamino. It is characterized by containing a triazine ring-containing polymer sealed with a group, a cross-linking agent, and an organic solvent.
- Triazine ring-containing polymer The triazine ring-containing polymer used in the present invention contains a repeating unit structure represented by the following formula (1).
- the triazine ring-containing polymer is, for example, a so-called hyperbranched polymer.
- the hyperbranched polymer is a highly branched polymer having an irregular branched structure. Irregularity here means that it is more irregular than the branched structure of the dendrimer, which is a highly branched polymer having a regular branched structure.
- the triazine ring-containing polymer which is a hyperbranched polymer, has a structure larger than the repeating unit structure represented by the formula (1), and has each of the three bonds of the repeating unit structure represented by the formula (1).
- the structure A is distributed throughout the polymer except the terminal of the triazine ring-containing polymer.
- the repeating unit structure may be essentially composed only of the repeating unit structure represented by the formula (1).
- R and R' represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, or an aralkyl group independently of each other, but both may be hydrogen atoms from the viewpoint of further increasing the refractive index. preferable.
- the carbon number of the alkyl group is not particularly limited, but 1 to 20 is preferable, and considering that the heat resistance of the polymer is further enhanced, the carbon number of the alkyl group is 1 to 10. More preferably, 1 to 3 is even more preferable.
- the structure of the alkyl group is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, chain-like, branched, cyclic, or a combination of two or more of these.
- alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, cyclobutyl, 1-methyl-cyclopropyl, 2-methyl-cyclopropyl.
- N-pentyl 1-methyl-n-butyl, 2-methyl-n-butyl, 3-methyl-n-butyl, 1,1-dimethyl-n-propyl, 1,2-dimethyl-n-propyl, 2 , 2-Dimethyl-n-propyl, 1-ethyl-n-propyl, cyclopentyl, 1-methyl-cyclobutyl, 2-methyl-cyclobutyl, 3-methyl-cyclobutyl, 1,2-dimethyl-cyclopropyl, 2,3- Dimethyl-cyclopropyl, 1-ethyl-cyclopropyl, 2-ethyl-cyclopropyl, n-hexyl, 1-methyl-n-pentyl, 2-methyl-n-pentyl, 3-methyl-n-pentyl, 4-methyl -N-pentyl, 1,1-dimethyl-n-butyl, 1,2-dimethyl-n-butyl, 1,3-dimethyl-n-butyl, 1,
- the carbon number of the alkoxy group is not particularly limited, but 1 to 20 is preferable, and 1 to 10 is more preferable as the carbon number of the alkoxy group in consideration of further enhancing the heat resistance of the polymer. 1 to 3 are even more preferable.
- the structure of the alkyl moiety is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, chain-like, branched, cyclic, or any combination of two or more thereof.
- alkoxy group examples include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, s-butoxy, t-butoxy, n-pentoxy, 1-methyl-n-butoxy, 2-methyl-n.
- the number of carbon atoms of the aryl group is not particularly limited, but 6 to 40 is preferable, and 6 to 16 carbon atoms are more preferable and 6 to 13 carbon atoms are further more preferable in consideration of further enhancing the heat resistance of the polymer. preferable.
- the aryl group includes an aryl group having a substituent. Examples of the substituent include a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a nitro group, a cyano group and the like.
- aryl group examples include phenyl, o-chlorophenyl, m-chlorophenyl, p-chlorophenyl, o-fluorophenyl, p-fluorophenyl, o-methoxyphenyl, p-methoxyphenyl, p-nitrophenyl, and the like.
- p-Cyanophenyl ⁇ -naphthyl, ⁇ -naphthyl, o-biphenylyl, m-biphenylyl, p-biphenylyl, 1-anthryl, 2-anthryl, 9-anthryl, 1-phenanthryl, 2-phenanthryl, 3-phenanthryl, 4 -Phenyl trill, 9-phenyl group and the like can be mentioned.
- the number of carbon atoms of the aralkyl group is not particularly limited, but the number of carbon atoms is preferably 7 to 20, and the structure of the alkyl moiety thereof is not particularly limited, for example, linear, branched, cyclic, and two or more of these.
- the aralkyl group includes an aralkyl group having a substituent. Examples of the substituent include a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a nitro group, a cyano group and the like.
- the above Ar 1 represents at least one selected from the group represented by the formulas (2) to (13).
- R 1 to R 92 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a sulfo group, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- R 93 and R 94 represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- W 1 and W 2 are independent of each other and single bond, CR 95 R 96 (R 95 and R 96 are independent of each other and are hydrogen atoms or alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms (however, they are together).
- R 97 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or Represents a phenyl group.
- the halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom.
- the alkyl group and the alkoxy group include the same as above.
- X 1 and X 2 independently represent a single bond, an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or a group represented by the formula (14).
- the structures of these alkyl groups, alkoxy groups, and alkylene groups are not particularly limited, and may be, for example, chain-like, branched, cyclic, or any combination of two or more thereof.
- R 98 to R 101 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a sulfo group, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- Y 1 and Y 2 independently represent a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples of these halogen atoms, alkyl groups, and alkoxy groups include those similar to the halogen atoms, alkyl groups, and alkoxy groups in R 1 to R 92.
- the structures of the alkyl group and the alkoxy group in R 98 to R 101 are not particularly limited, and may be, for example, chain-like, branched, cyclic, or a combination of two or more thereof.
- the structure of the alkylene group in Y 1 and Y 2 is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, chain-like, branched, cyclic, or a combination of two or more thereof.
- Examples of the alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms include methylene, ethylene, propylene, trimethylene, tetramethylene, and pentamethylene group.
- the structure of the alkylene group is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, chain-like, branched, cyclic, or any combination of two or more thereof.
- Ar 1 at least one type represented by the formulas (2), (5) to (13) is preferable, and the formulas (2), (5), (7), (8), (11) to (11) to ( At least one type shown in 13) is more preferable.
- Specific examples of the aryl group represented by the above formulas (2) to (13) include, but are not limited to, those represented by the following formulas.
- Ph represents a phenyl group
- the aryl group represented by the following formula is more preferable because a polymer having a higher refractive index can be obtained.
- the m-phenylene group represented by the formula (17) is preferable as Ar 1.
- the triazine ring-containing polymer used in the present invention at least a part of the triazine ring terminal is hydroxyl group-substituted arylamino from the viewpoint of improving the solubility of the thin film or cured film obtained by using the triazine ring-containing polymer in an alkaline developer. It is sealed with a base.
- the hydroxyl group is a hydroxyl group directly bonded to an aryl group, and is a so-called phenolic hydroxyl group.
- Examples of the aryl group include the same groups as those exemplified above, but a phenyl group is particularly preferable.
- the number of hydroxyl groups on the aryl group is not particularly limited, but one is preferable in consideration of the balance between developability in an alkaline developer and solubility in an organic solvent. From these viewpoints, in the present invention, the hydroxyl group substituted phenylamino group represented by the formula (15) is preferable as the hydroxyl group substituted arylamino group, and the phenylamino group having a hydroxyl group at the meta position of the amino group represented by the formula (16). Is more preferable.
- the weight average molecular weight of the triazine ring-containing polymer in the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 500 to 500,000, more preferably 500 to 100,000, further improving heat resistance and shrinkage rate. From the viewpoint of lowering the amount, 2,000 or more is preferable, and from the viewpoint of further increasing the solubility and lowering the viscosity of the obtained solution, 50,000 or less is preferable, and 30,000 or less is more preferable. It is even more preferably 000 or less, and even more preferably 10,000 or less.
- the weight average molecular weight in the present invention is the average molecular weight obtained in terms of standard polystyrene by gel permeation chromatography (hereinafter referred to as GPC) analysis.
- the triazine ring-containing polymer (hyperbranched polymer) of the present invention can be produced according to the method disclosed in International Publication No. 2010/128661 described above.
- the triazine ring-containing polymer (19) can be obtained by reacting the triazine compound (18) and the aryldiamino compound (20) in a suitable organic solvent.
- the charging ratio of the aryldiamino compound (20) is arbitrary as long as the desired polymer can be obtained, but the amount of the diamino compound (20) is 0.01 to 10 equivalents with respect to 1 equivalent of the triazine compound (18). Is preferable, and 0.7 to 5 equivalents is more preferable.
- the aryldiamino compound (20) may be added in a neat manner or in a solution dissolved in an organic solvent, but the latter method is preferable in consideration of ease of operation and controllability of the reaction. ..
- the reaction temperature may be appropriately set in the range from the melting point of the solvent to be used to the boiling point of the solvent, and is particularly preferably about ⁇ 30 to 150 ° C., more preferably ⁇ 10 to 100 ° C.
- organic solvent various solvents usually used in this kind of reaction can be used, for example, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dimethylsulfoxide; N, N-dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, tetramethylurea, etc.
- amide-based solvents such as acid amide, N, N-dimethylisobutylamide, N-methylformamide, N, N'-dimethylpropylene urea, and mixed solvents thereof.
- N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylacetamide, 3-methoxy-N, N-dimethylpropanamide, 3-butoxy-N, N-dimethylpropanamide and A mixed system thereof is preferable, and N, N-dimethylacetamide, 3-methoxy-N, N-dimethylpropanamide, 3-butoxy-N, N-dimethylpropanamide, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone are particularly preferable. is there.
- various bases usually used at the time of polymerization or after polymerization may be added.
- this base include potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodium ethoxydo, sodium acetate, lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, lithium oxide, potassium acetate, magnesium oxide, and oxidation.
- Calcium calcium, barium hydroxide, trilithium phosphate, trisodium phosphate, tripotassium phosphate, cesium fluoride, aluminum oxide, ammonia, n-propylamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, diisopropylamine, diisopropylethylamine, N-methylpiperidine, Examples thereof include 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-N-methylpiperidin, pyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, N-methylmorpholin, 2-aminoethanol, ethyldiethanolamine, diethylaminoethanol and the like.
- the amount of the base added is preferably 1 to 100 equivalents, more preferably 1 to 10 equivalents, relative to 1 equivalent of the triazine compound (18).
- these bases may be used as an aqueous solution. It is preferable that no raw material component remains in the obtained polymer, but a part of the raw material may remain as long as the effect of the present invention is not impaired. After completion of the reaction, the product can be easily purified by a reprecipitation method or the like.
- the triazine ring-containing polymer of the present invention has at least one triazine ring terminal, and at least a part of the triazine ring terminal is sealed with a hydroxyl group-substituted arylamino group.
- this end-sealing method a known method may be adopted.
- the triazine ring-containing polymer (19) obtained by the above method is amino, which is an end-sealing agent that gives an end-sealing group. It may be treated with an arylamine compound having a phenolic hydroxyl group such as phenol.
- the amount of the end-capping agent used is preferably about 0.05 to 10 equivalents, more preferably 0.1 to 5 equivalents, relative to 1 equivalent of the halogen atom derived from the surplus triazine compound not used in the polymerization reaction. Preferably, 0.5 to 2 equivalents are even more preferred.
- the reaction solvent and the reaction temperature include the same conditions as described in Scheme 1 above, and the terminal encapsulant may be charged at the same time as the aryldiamino compound (20).
- an arylamine compound having no substituent may be used, and terminal encapsulation may be performed with two or more types of groups.
- triazine ring-containing polymers include those represented by the formulas (21) to (24), but are not limited thereto.
- R 1 to R 4 have the same meanings as above.
- the cross-linking agent used in the present invention may be a compound capable of forming a cross-linking structure by causing a cross-linking reaction alone or in combination with the above-mentioned triazine ring-containing polymer.
- Such compounds include melamine compounds having cross-linking substituents such as methylol groups and methoxymethyl groups (eg, phenoplast compounds, aminoplast compounds, etc.), substituted urea compounds, and cross-linking of epoxy or oxetane groups.
- Examples include compounds containing forming substituents (for example, polyfunctional epoxy compounds, polyfunctional oxetane compounds, etc.), compounds containing block isocyanate groups, compounds having acid anhydride groups, compounds having (meth) acrylic groups, and the like.
- compounds containing an epoxy group, a blocked isocyanate group, and a (meth) acrylic group are preferable, and in particular, a compound having a blocked isocyanate group or a photocurable compound can be photocured without using an initiator.
- Polyfunctional epoxy compounds and / or polyfunctional (meth) acrylic compounds that provide the same composition are preferred.
- these compounds need to have at least two cross-linking substituents when used for the cross-linking treatment between polymers or when forming a cross-linking structure alone.
- the polyfunctional epoxy compound is not particularly limited as long as it has two or more epoxy groups in one molecule. Specific examples thereof include tris (2,3-epoxypropyl) isocyanurate, 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether, 1,2-epoxy-4- (epoxyethyl) cyclohexane, glycerol triglycidyl ether, and diethylene glycol diglycidyl.
- YH-434 and YH434L manufactured by Nittetsu Chemical & Materials Co., Ltd.
- Epolide GT-401 which is an epoxy resin having a cyclohexene oxide structure
- the polyfunctional (meth) acrylic compound is not particularly limited as long as it has two or more (meth) acrylic groups in one molecule. Specific examples thereof include ethylene glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, ethoxylated bisphenol A diacrylate, ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate, ethoxylated trimethyl propantriacrylate, and ethoxylated.
- Trimethylol propantrimethacrylate glycerin triacrylate ethoxylated, glycerin trimethacrylate ethoxylated, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate ethoxylated, pentaerythritol tetramethacrylate ethoxylated, dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate ethoxylated, polyglycerin monoethylene oxide polyacrylate, polyglycerin Polyethylene glycol polyacrylate, dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate, dipentaerythritol hexamethacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, pentaerythritol trimethacrylate, trimethylol propanetriacrylate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate , Tricyclodecan
- the polyfunctional (meth) acrylic compound is available as a commercially available product, and specific examples thereof include NK ester A-200, A-400, A-600, A-1000, and A-. 9300 (Tris isocyanurate (2-acryloyloxyethyl)), A-9300-1CL, A-TMPT, UA-53H, 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 9G, 14G, 14G 23G, ABE-300, A-BPE-4, A-BPE-6, A-BPE-10, A-BPE-20, A-BPE-30, BPE-80N, BPE- 100N, BPE-200, BPE-500, BPE-900, BPE-1300N, A-GLY-3E, A-GLY-9E, A-GLY-20E, A-TMPT-3EO, Same A-TMPT-9EO, Same AT-20E, Same ATM-4E, Same ATM-35E, A-DPH, Same A-TMPT, Same A-DCP, Same A-HD-
- ACA PEG400DA-D
- polybasic acid-modified acrylic oligomer is also available as a commercially available product, and specific examples thereof include Aronix M-510, 520 (all manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.) and the like.
- the compound having an acid anhydride group is not particularly limited as long as it is a carboxylic acid anhydride obtained by dehydrating and condensing two molecules of carboxylic acid, and specific examples thereof include phthalic anhydride and tetrahydrophthalic anhydride. , Hexahydrophthalic anhydride, methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride, methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride, nadicic anhydride, methylnadic anhydride, maleic anhydride, succinic anhydride, octyl anhydride, succinic anhydride, etc.
- a compound containing a blocked isocyanate group when an isocyanate group (-NCO) has two or more blocked isocyanate groups in one molecule blocked by an appropriate protective group and is exposed to a high temperature during thermal curing, It is not particularly limited as long as the protective group (block portion) is thermally dissociated and released, and the generated isocyanate group causes a urethane bond reaction with the phenolic hydroxyl group of the triazine ring-containing polymer of the present invention.
- a compound having two or more groups represented by the following formulas in one molecule (note that these groups may be the same or different from each other) can be mentioned.
- R b represents an organic group in the block portion.
- Such a compound can be obtained, for example, by reacting a compound having two or more isocyanate groups in one molecule with an appropriate blocking agent.
- the compound having two or more isocyanate groups in one molecule include isophorone diisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, methylenebis (4-cyclohexamethylene diisocyanate), polyisocyanate of trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, and dimer thereof. , Trimers, and reactants of these with diols, triols, diamines, or triamines.
- the blocking agent examples include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, 2-ethoxyhexanol, 2-N, N-dimethylaminoethanol, 2-ethoxyethanol and cyclohexanol; phenol, o-nitrophenol. , P-chlorophenols, o-, m- or p-cresols and other phenols; ⁇ -caprolactam and other lactams, acetone oxime, methyl ethyl ketone oxime, methyl isobutyl ketone oxime, cyclohexanol oxime, acetophenone oxime, benzophenone oxime and other oximes.
- Classes; pyrazoles such as pyrazole, 3,5-dimethylpyrazole and 3-methylpyrazole; thiols such as dodecanethiol and benzenethiol.
- Compounds containing a blocked isocyanate group are also available as commercial products, and specific examples thereof include Takenate (registered trademark) B-830, B-815N, B-842N, B-870N, and B-874N. B-882N, B-7005, B-7030, B-7075, B-5010 (all manufactured by Mitsui Kagaku Co., Ltd.), Duranate (registered trademark) 17B-60PX, TPA-B80E, MF-B60X, same MF-K60X, E402-B80T (above, manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation), Karenz MOI-BM (registered trademark) (above, manufactured by Showa Denko KK), TRIXENE (registered trademark) BI7950, 7951, 7960, 7961, 7982, 7990, 7991, 7992 (all manufactured by Baxenden Chemical) and the like.
- the aminoplast compound is not particularly limited as long as it has two or more methoxymethyl groups in one molecule.
- hexamethoxymethylmelamine CYMEL registered trademark
- tetrabutoxymethylglycolyl uryl 1170 examples include hexamethoxymethylmelamine CYMEL (registered trademark) 303 and tetrabutoxymethylglycolyl uryl 1170.
- Tetramethoxymethylbenzoguanamine 1123 (above, manufactured by Nippon Cytec Industries Co., Ltd.), etc., Nikalac (registered trademark) MW-30HM, MW-390, MW-100LM, which is a methylated melamine resin, Examples thereof include MX-750LM, MX-270, which is a methylated urea resin, MX-280, and MX-290 (all manufactured by Sanwa Chemical Co., Ltd.) and other melamine compounds such as the Nicarac series.
- the polyfunctional oxetane compound is not particularly limited as long as it has two or more oxetanyl groups in one molecule. For example, OXT-221, OX-SQ-H, and OX-SC containing an oxetane group. (The above is manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.) and the like.
- the phenoplast compound has two or more hydroxymethyl groups in one molecule, and when exposed to a high temperature during thermosetting, a dehydration condensation reaction with the phenolic hydroxyl group of the triazine ring-containing polymer of the present invention.
- the cross-linking reaction proceeds as a result.
- the phenoplast compound include 2,6-dihydroxymethyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4-dihydroxymethyl-6-methylphenol, bis (2-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-5-methylphenyl) methane, and the like.
- the phenoplast compound is also available as a commercially available product, and specific examples thereof include 26DMPC, 46DMOC, DM-BIPC-F, DM-BIOC-F, TM-BIP-A, BISA-F, and BI25X-DF. , BI25X-TPA (all manufactured by Asahi Organic Materials Co., Ltd.) and the like.
- a polyfunctional (meth) acrylic compound is preferable because it can suppress a decrease in the refractive index due to the addition of a cross-linking agent and the curing reaction proceeds rapidly. Among them, the point of controlling the shape of a fine pattern. Therefore, dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate and its EO adduct are preferable.
- Examples of such a polyfunctional (meth) acrylic compound include NK ester A-DPH and A-DPH-12E (both manufactured by Shin Nakamura Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.).
- the above-mentioned cross-linking agent may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the cross-linking agent used is preferably 1 to 200 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the triazine ring-containing polymer, but the lower limit thereof is preferably 2 parts by mass, more preferably 5 parts by mass in consideration of solvent resistance. Further, considering controlling the refractive index and the residue of the unexposed portion, the upper limit thereof is preferably 150 parts by mass, more preferably 100 parts by mass, and even more preferably 90 parts by mass.
- composition of the present invention may be formulated with an initiator corresponding to each cross-linking agent.
- an initiator corresponding to each cross-linking agent.
- photocuring proceeds to give a cured film without using an initiator.
- Initiators may be used in some cases.
- a photoacid generator or a photobase generator can be used.
- the photoacid generator a known one may be appropriately selected and used.
- an onium salt derivative such as a diazonium salt, a sulfonium salt or an iodonium salt can be used.
- aryldiazonium salts such as phenyldiazonium hexafluorophosphate, 4-methoxyphenyldiazonium hexafluoroantimonate and 4-methylphenyldiazonium hexafluorophosphate; diphenyliodonium hexafluoroantimonate and di (4-methylphenyl).
- Diaryliodonium salts such as iodonium hexafluorophosphate, di (4-tert-butylphenyl) iodonium hexafluorophosphate; triphenylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate, tris (4-methoxyphenyl) sulfonium hexafluorophosphate, diphenyl-4-thiophenoxy Phenylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate, diphenyl-4-thiophenoxyphenylsulfonium hexafluorophosphate, 4,4'-bis (diphenylsulfonio) phenylsulfide-bishexafluoroantimonate, 4,4'-bis (diphenylsulfoni) E) Phenylsulfide-bishexafluorophosphate, 4,4'-bis [di ( ⁇ -hydroxyethoxy) phenylsul
- onium salts Commercially available products may be used as these onium salts, and specific examples thereof include Sun Aid SI-60, SI-80, SI-100, SI-60L, SI-80L, SI-100L, SI-L145, and SI-. L150, SI-L160, SI-L110, SI-L147 (above, manufactured by Sanshin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), UVI-6950, UVI-6970, UVI-6974, UVI-6990, UVI-6992 (above, Union Carbide) CPI-100P, CPI-100A, CPI-200K, CPI-200S (manufactured by Sun Appro Co., Ltd.), Adecaoptomer SP-150, SP-151, SP-170, SP-171 (manufactured by Sun Appro Co., Ltd.), CPI-100P, CPI-100A, CPI-200K, CPI-200S Asahi Denka Kogyo Co., Ltd.), Irgacure 261 (BA
- the photobase generator may be appropriately selected from known ones and used, for example, a Co-amine complex type, an oxime carboxylic acid ester type, a carbamic acid ester type, a quaternary ammonium salt type photobase generator and the like.
- a Co-amine complex type for example, an oxime carboxylic acid ester type, a carbamic acid ester type, a quaternary ammonium salt type photobase generator and the like.
- a photoacid or a base generator When a photoacid or a base generator is used, it is preferably used in the range of 0.1 to 15 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polyfunctional epoxy compound. If necessary, the epoxy resin curing agent may be added in an amount of 1 to 100 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polyfunctional epoxy compound.
- a photoradical polymerization initiator when a polyfunctional (meth) acrylic compound is used, a photoradical polymerization initiator can be used.
- the photoradical polymerization initiator may also be appropriately selected from known ones and used, for example, acetophenones, benzophenones, Michler's benzoylbenzoate, amyroxime esters, oxime esters, tetramethylthium monosulfide, thioxanthones and the like. Can be mentioned.
- a photocleavable photoradical polymerization initiator is preferable.
- the photocleavable photoradical polymerization initiator is described in the latest UV curing technology (page 159, publisher: Kazuhiro Takausu, publisher: Technical Information Association, 1991).
- Examples of commercially available photoradical polymerization initiators include BASF's trade names: Irgacure 127, 184, 369, 379, 379EG, 651, 500, 754, 819, 903, 907, 784, 2959, CGI1700, CGI1750, CGI1850. , CG24-61, OXE01, OXE02, OXE03, OXE04, DaroCure 1116, 1173, MBF, BASF Product Name: Lucillin TPO, UCB Product Name: Yubekrill P36, Flateturi Lamberti Product Name: EzaCure KIP150, Examples thereof include KIP65LT, KIP100F, KT37, KT55, KTO46, and KIP75 / B.
- a photoradical polymerization initiator When a photoradical polymerization initiator is used, it is preferably used in the range of 0.1 to 200 parts by mass, preferably in the range of 1 to 150 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polyfunctional (meth) acrylate compound. Is more preferable.
- Organic solvent examples include toluene, p-xylene, o-xylene, m-xylene, ethylbenzene, styrene, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol, and propylene glycol.
- Examples thereof include lu-2-imidazolidinone, dimethyl sulfoxide, and N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidinone, which may be used alone or in admixture of two or more.
- the solid content concentration in the composition is not particularly limited as long as it does not affect the storage stability, and may be appropriately set according to the target film thickness.
- the solid content concentration is preferably 0.1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 40% by mass.
- composition of the present invention contains other components other than the triazine ring-containing polymer, the cross-linking agent and the solvent, for example, leveling agents, surfactants, etc., as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- Silane coupling agents, polymerization inhibitors, antioxidants, rust inhibitors, mold release agents, plasticizers, defoamers, thickeners, dispersants, antistatic agents, antisettling agents, pigments, dyes, UV absorbers , Light stabilizer, inorganic fine particles and other additives may be included.
- surfactant examples include polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers such as polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene stearyl ether, polyoxyethylene cetyl ether, and polyoxyethylene oleyl ether; polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether, and polyoxyethylene nonylphenol.
- Polyoxyethylene alkylallyl ethers such as ethers; polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene block copolymers; sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan trioleate, sorbitan tristearate
- sorbitan fatty acid esters polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan trioleate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearate, etc.
- Nonionic surfactants such as sorbitan fatty acid esters, trade names Ftop EF301, EF303, EF352 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Materials Denshi Kasei Co., Ltd. (formerly manufactured by Gemco Co., Ltd.)), trade names Megafuck F171, F173, R- 08, R-30, R-40, R-41, F-114, F-410, F-430, F-444, F-477, F-552, F-553, F-554, F-555, F-556, F-557, F-558, F-559, F-561, F-562, F-563, RS-75, RS-72-K, RS-76-E, RS-76NS, RS- 77 (manufactured by DIC Co., Ltd.), Florard FC430, FC431 (manufactured by Sumitomo 3M Co., Ltd.), trade name Asahi Guard AG710, Surflon S-382, SC101, SC102, SC103
- surfactants may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the surfactant used is preferably 0.0001 to 5 parts by mass, more preferably 0.001 to 1 part by mass, and 0.01 to 0.5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the triazine ring-containing polymer. Even more preferable.
- Pattern production method and cured product In the pattern production method using the composition of the present invention, the mixture is applied to a substrate and then heated as necessary to evaporate the solvent, and then heated or light. A desired cured film can be obtained by irradiation, and when the cured film is produced by light irradiation, a fine pattern is produced by irradiating light through a mask on which the desired pattern is formed and then developing with a developing solution. Can be formed. Further, a cured product can be obtained by using the pattern-forming composition of the present invention. The cured product is, for example, a convex lens-shaped fine pattern (lens).
- pattern-shaped light irradiation by a laser may be performed instead of light irradiation through a mask on which a desired pattern is formed.
- the coating method of the composition is arbitrary, for example, spin coating method, dip method, flow coating method, inkjet method, jet dispenser method, spray method, bar coating method, gravure coating method, slit coating method, roll coating.
- a method such as a method, a transfer printing method, a brush coating method, a blade coating method, or an air knife coating method can be adopted.
- the base material silicon, glass on which indium tin oxide (ITO) is formed, glass on which indium zinc oxide (IZO) is formed, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), plastic, glass, quartz, ceramics.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- IZO indium zinc oxide
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- plastic glass, quartz, ceramics.
- the firing temperature is not particularly limited for the purpose of evaporating the solvent, and can be performed at, for example, 70 to 400 ° C.
- the firing time may be any time as long as the solvent evaporates, and for example, 1 to 600 seconds can be adopted.
- the firing method is not particularly limited, and for example, it may be evaporated using a hot plate or an oven in an atmosphere, an inert gas such as nitrogen, or an appropriate atmosphere such as in a vacuum.
- an inert gas such as nitrogen
- an appropriate atmosphere such as in a vacuum.
- conditions suitable for the process process of the target electronic device may be selected, and firing conditions may be selected so that the physical property values of the obtained film match the required characteristics of the electronic device.
- the conditions for light irradiation are not particularly limited, and appropriate irradiation energy and time may be adopted depending on the triazine ring-containing polymer and the cross-linking agent used.
- Development after exposure can be performed by immersing the exposure resin in, for example, an organic solvent developer or an aqueous developer.
- organic solvent developing solution include PGME (propylene glycol monomethyl ether), PGMEA (propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate), a mixed solvent of PGME and PGMEA, NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone), ⁇ -butyrolactone, and DMSO. (Dimethylsulfoxide) and the like can be mentioned, while specific examples of the aqueous developing solution include alkaline aqueous solutions such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and tetramethylammonium hydroxide.
- the composition of the present invention By firing the composition of the present invention after the development, the pattern reflows and a fine pattern (lens) having a desired convex lens shape can be obtained.
- the lens has a high refractive index and excellent transparency. Therefore, the composition of the present invention is suitable as a lens-forming composition.
- the firing temperature in this case is not particularly limited, but is preferably 70 to 400 ° C, more preferably 80 to 200 ° C, and even more preferably 85 to 150 ° C.
- the firing time is also arbitrary, but considering that the desired lens shape is obtained by reflow, 1 to 60 minutes is preferable, 5 to 35 minutes is more preferable, and 7 to 15 minutes is even more preferable.
- the firing method the same method as described above can be adopted.
- the composition of the present invention may further contain an oxylane ring-containing compound and a photocurable catalyst.
- the oxylan ring-containing compound include those having one or more, preferably two or more oxylan rings in the molecule, and specific examples thereof include a glycidyl ether type epoxy resin, a glycidyl ester type epoxy resin, and an alicyclic epoxy. Examples thereof include resins, epoxy-modified polybutadiene resins, and oxetane compounds. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the blending amount of the oxylan ring-containing compound is not particularly limited, but may be about 10 to 400 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the triazine ring-containing polymer.
- the photocurable catalyst examples include a photocation generator.
- the photocation generator include triarylsulfonium salts such as triphenylsulfonium hexafluorophosphate and triphenylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate; triarylselenium salts; diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate, diphenyliodonium hexafluoroantimonate and the like.
- Diaryliodonium salt and the like can be mentioned. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the blending amount of the photocurable catalyst is not particularly limited, but can be about 0.1 to 100 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the triazine ring-containing polymer.
- These oxylane ring-containing compounds and the photocurable catalyst can be blended with each component constituting the composition of the present invention in any order.
- the above-mentioned organic solvent may be used.
- the composition containing these by the above-mentioned method for example, it can be cured by irradiating with ultraviolet light or the like at 1 to 4000 mJ / cm 2.
- Light irradiation may be performed by using various known methods such as a high-pressure mercury lamp, a metal halide lamp, a xenon lamp, an LED, and a laser beam. If necessary, it may be heated at about 85 to 150 ° C. before and after exposure. Development after exposure can be performed by immersing the exposure resin in the above-mentioned organic solvent developer or aqueous developer.
- the size of the lens of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can be used as a high refraction pattern of an organic EL element, but the width is preferably 0.1 to 1,000 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.5 to 500 ⁇ m, and 1 to 1 to 1. 100 ⁇ m is even more preferable, and the height is preferably 0.1 to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.5 to 50 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 1 to 25 ⁇ m.
- the lens of the present invention obtained as described above can achieve high heat resistance, high refractive index, and low volume shrinkage, a liquid crystal display, an organic electroluminescence (EL) display, a touch panel, and an optical semiconductor (LED) element.
- Electronic devices and optical materials such as solid-state imaging devices, organic thin-film solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells, organic thin film transistors (TFTs), lenses, prism cameras, binoculars, microscopes, semiconductor exposure equipment, etc. Can be suitably used for.
- the lens of the present invention has a convex lens shape, high transparency, and high refractive index, applications requiring a high refractive index pattern, such as light extraction applications for organic EL displays and black matrix applications, are used. Can be suitably used for.
- 1,3-phenylenediamine [2] (228.70 g, 2.115 mol, manufactured by Amino-Chem) and dimethylacetamide 3464.72 g (DMAc, manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.).
- 1,3-phenylenediamine [2] was dissolved in DMAc by stirring. Then, it was cooled to -10 ° C by an ethanol-dry ice bath, and 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine [1] (390.00 g, 2.115 mol, manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.).
- the obtained precipitate was filtered off and dried in a vacuum drier at 120 ° C. for 8 hours to obtain 536.2 g of the target polymer compound [4] (hereinafter referred to as P-1).
- the weight average molecular weight Mw of compound P-1 measured by GPC in terms of polystyrene was 5,970, and the polydispersity Mw / Mn was 2.5.
- the measurement result of 1 H-NMR spectrum of compound P-1 is shown in FIG.
- P-1 solution a uniform transparent film-forming composition (varnish) of 15% by mass (hereinafter referred to as P-1 solution).
- the obtained P-1 solution was spin-coated on a 50 mm ⁇ 50 mm ⁇ 0.7 t (0.7 mm) non-alkali glass substrate using a spin coater aiming at 1000 nm, and calcined on a hot plate at 100 ° C. for 1 minute. Then, the film was fired at 250 ° C. for 5 minutes to obtain a cured film (hereinafter referred to as P-1 film) (film thickness 929 nm).
- P-1 film film thickness 929 nm
- 1,3-phenylenediamine [2] (45.15 g, 0.418 mol, manufactured by Amino-Chem) and 685.16 g of dimethylacetamide (DMAc, manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.).
- DMAc dimethylacetamide
- 1,3-phenylenediamine [2] was dissolved in DMAc by stirring. Then, it was cooled to -10 ° C by an ethanol-dry ice bath, and 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine [1] (70.00 g, 0.380 mol, manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.).
- the obtained precipitate was filtered off and dried in a vacuum drier at 120 ° C. for 8 hours to obtain 95.1 g of the target polymer compound [5] (hereinafter referred to as P-2).
- the weight average molecular weight Mw of compound P-2 measured by GPC in terms of polystyrene was 12,384, and the polydispersity Mw / Mn was 3.3.
- the measurement results of the 1 H-NMR spectrum of compound P-2 are shown in FIG.
- the cured film obtained from the SP-1 solution has an excellent effect of maintaining a high transmittance while maintaining a high refractive index even if the film thickness is thick.
- a mask provided with the above was placed on the coating film, and an exposure amount of 150 mJ / cm 2 was irradiated with light having a wavelength of 365 nm. After UV irradiation, it was developed with a 2.38% tetramethylammonium hydroxide (hereinafter abbreviated as TMAH) solution for 40 seconds, and then rinsed with ultrapure water for 30 seconds. After rinsing, it was dried at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes using a hot plate to obtain a patterning film. Optical micrographs and electron micrographs of the obtained patterning film are shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
- TMAH tetramethylammonium hydroxide
- Example 4 The SP-1 solution prepared in Example 3 was spin-coated on a 50 mm ⁇ 50 mm ⁇ 0.7 t non-alkali glass substrate with a spin coater at 200 rpm for 5 seconds and 590 rpm for 30 seconds, and then spin-coated at 100 ° C. using a hot plate. After temporary drying for 1 minute, a mask with a circular opening with a diameter of 15 ⁇ m arranged at intervals of 15 ⁇ m and a space (ultraviolet ray shielding part) corresponding to the rest other than the opening is applied using a mask aligner MA6 manufactured by SUSS.
- a mask aligner MA6 manufactured by SUSS.
- the patterning film fired after development has a convex lens shape
- the patterning film not fired after development has a reverse taper shape like a normal negative pattern. It can be seen that it does not have a convex lens shape, although no undercut is seen.
- the negative type material has a reverse taper shape because the portion exposed to light from the upper part is cured, but it is difficult to form the lens shape because it is the reverse shape.
- the negative type material is negative. It was found that the pattern was reflowed by firing after development regardless of the mold, and a desired convex lens shape was obtained. As described above, it can be said that the present invention exerts an unexpected effect in an unusual combination of negative type and reflow.
- Example 5 The SP-1 solution prepared in Example 3 was spin-coated on a 50 mm ⁇ 50 mm ⁇ 0.7 t non-alkali glass substrate with a spin coater at 200 rpm for 5 seconds and at 930 rpm for 30 seconds, and then spin-coated at 100 ° C. using a hot plate. After temporary drying for 1 minute, a mask with a linear opening with a width of 15 ⁇ m and a linear space with a width of 15 ⁇ m (ultraviolet ray shielding part) called line & space is applied using a mask aligner MA6 manufactured by SUSS.
- a mask aligner MA6 manufactured by SUSS.
- the present invention can form not only a dot shape but also a linear pattern.
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Abstract
Description
求められる具体的な特性としては、1)耐熱性、2)透明性、3)高屈折率、4)高溶解性、5)低体積収縮率、6)高温高湿耐性、7)高膜硬度などが挙げられる。
この点に鑑み、本出願人は、トリアジン環および芳香環を有する繰り返し単位を含む重合体が高屈折率を有し、ポリマー単独で高耐熱性、高透明性、高屈折率、高溶解性、低体積収縮を達成でき、電子デバイスを作製する際の膜形成用組成物として好適であることを既に見出している(特許文献1)。
この問題を解決する光取り出し法として、従来種々の技術が開発されており、その一つとして、光が外部に出るまでに損失されてしまう原因の一つである層間の屈折率差をなくすため、高屈折率層や高屈折率パターンを用いる技術が知られている。
この高屈折率パターンには、多くのネガ型感光性組成物が提案されてきており、本出願人も、これまでネガ型の高屈折率パターンを形成できる各種材料を報告している(特許文献2~4参照)。
本発明は、上記事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、高屈折率で透明性に優れたパターンを形成し得るパターン形成用組成物を提供することを目的とする。
[1]. 下記式(1)で表される繰り返し単位構造を含むとともに、少なくとも1つのトリアジン環末端を有し、そのトリアジン環末端の少なくとも一部が水酸基置換アリールアミノ基で封止されているトリアジン環含有重合体と、架橋剤と、有機溶媒とを含むことを特徴とするパターン形成用組成物、
Ar1は、下記式(2)~(13)で示される群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を表す。
R93およびR94は、水素原子または炭素数1~10のアルキル基を表し、
W1およびW2は、互いに独立して、単結合、CR95R96(R95およびR96は、互いに独立して、水素原子または炭素数1~10のアルキル基(ただし、これらは一緒になって環を形成していてもよい。)を表す。)、C=O、O、S、SO、SO2、またはNR97(R97は、水素原子、炭素数1~10のアルキル基またはフェニル基を表す。)を表し、
X1およびX2は、互いに独立して、単結合、炭素数1~10のアルキレン基、または下記式(14)
Y1およびY2は、互いに独立して、単結合または炭素数1~10のアルキレン基を表す。)で示される基を表す。〕
[2]. 前記水酸基置換アリールアミノ基が、下記式(15)で示される[1]のパターン形成用組成物、
[6]. 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の光取り出し層用である[1]~[5]のいずれかのパターン形成用組成物、
[7]. [1]~[5]のいずれかのパターン形成用組成物から作製された硬化物、
[8]. レンズである[7]の硬化物、
[9]. 基材と、前記基材上に形成された[7]または[8]の硬化物とを備える電子デバイス、
[10]. 有機エレクトロルミネッセンスである[9]の電子デバイス、
[11]. 基材と、前記基材上に形成された[7]または[8]の硬化物とを備える光学部材、
[12]. [1]~[5]のいずれかのパターン形成用組成物を基材に塗布し、有機溶媒を蒸発させ、パターンが形成されたマスクを介して光照射した後、現像し、さらに焼成することを特徴とするパターンの作製方法、
[13]. 下記式(1)で表される繰り返し単位構造を含むとともに、少なくとも1つのトリアジン環末端を有し、そのトリアジン環末端の少なくとも一部が水酸基置換アリールアミノ基で封止されているトリアジン環含有重合体、
Ar1は、下記式(2)~(13)で示される群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を表す。
R93およびR94は、水素原子または炭素数1~10のアルキル基を表し、
W1およびW2は、互いに独立して、単結合、CR95R96(R95およびR96は、互いに独立して、水素原子または炭素数1~10のアルキル基(ただし、これらは一緒になって環を形成していてもよい。)を表す。)、C=O、O、S、SO、SO2、またはNR97(R97は、水素原子、炭素数1~10のアルキル基またはフェニル基を表す。)を表し、
X1およびX2は、互いに独立して、単結合、炭素数1~10のアルキレン基、または下記式(14)
Y1およびY2は、互いに独立して、単結合または炭素数1~10のアルキレン基を表す。)で示される基を表す。〕
[14]. 前記水酸基置換アリールアミノ基が、下記式(15)で示される[13]のトリアジン環含有重合体、
本発明の組成物から作製されたパターンは、トリアジン環含有重合体による、高耐熱性、高屈折率、低体積収縮という特性を発揮し得るため、液晶ディスプレイ、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス(EL)ディスプレイ、タッチパネル、光半導体(LED)素子、固体撮像素子、有機薄膜太陽電池、色素増感太陽電池、有機薄膜トランジスタ(TFT)、レンズ、プリズム、カメラ、双眼鏡、顕微鏡、半導体露光装置等を作製する際の一部材など、電子デバイスや光学材料の分野に好適に利用できる。
特に、本発明の組成物から作製されたパターンは、有機ELディスプレイの光取出し用のパターン形成物として好適に用いることができる。
本発明に係るパターン形成用組成物は、下記式(1)で表される繰り返し単位構造を含むとともに、少なくとも1つのトリアジン環末端を有し、そのトリアジン環末端の少なくとも一部が水酸基置換アリールアミノ基で封止されているトリアジン環含有重合体と、架橋剤と、有機溶媒とを含むことを特徴とする。
本発明で用いるトリアジン環含有重合体は、下記式(1)で表される繰り返し単位構造を含む。
トリアジン環含有重合体は、例えば、いわゆるハイパーブランチポリマーである。ハイパーブランチポリマーとは、不規則な分岐構造を有する高分岐ポリマーである。ここでの不規則とは、規則的な分岐構造を有する高分岐ポリマーであるデンドリマーの分岐構造よりも不規則であることを意味する。
例えば、ハイパーブランチポリマーであるトリアジン環含有重合体は、式(1)で表される繰り返し単位構造よりも大きな構造として、式(1)で表される繰り返し単位構造の3つの結合手のそれぞれに、式(1)で表される繰り返し単位構造が結合してなる構造(構造A)を含む。ハイパーブランチポリマーであるトリアジン環含有重合体においては、構造Aがトリアジン環含有重合体の末端を除く全体に分布している。
ハイパーブランチポリマーであるトリアジン環含有重合体においては、繰り返し単位構造が、本質的に式(1)で表される繰り返し単位構造のみからであってもよい。
本発明において、アルキル基の炭素数としては特に限定されるものではないが、1~20が好ましく、ポリマーの耐熱性をより高めることを考慮すると、アルキル基の炭素数としては、1~10がより好ましく、1~3がより一層好ましい。また、アルキル基の構造は、特に限定されず、例えば、鎖状、分岐状、環状、およびこれらの2以上の組み合わせのいずれでもよい。
本発明において上記アリール基には、置換基を有するアリール基が含まれる。置換基としては、例えば、ハロゲン原子、炭素数1~6のアルキル基、炭素数1~6のアルコキシ基、ニトロ基、シアノ基などが挙げられる。
アリール基の具体例としては、フェニル、o-クロルフェニル、m-クロルフェニル、p-クロルフェニル、o-フルオロフェニル、p-フルオロフェニル、o-メトキシフェニル、p-メトキシフェニル、p-ニトロフェニル、p-シアノフェニル、α-ナフチル、β-ナフチル、o-ビフェニリル、m-ビフェニリル、p-ビフェニリル、1-アントリル、2-アントリル、9-アントリル、1-フェナントリル、2-フェナントリル、3-フェナントリル、4-フェナントリル、9-フェナントリル基等が挙げられる。
本発明において、アラルキル基には、置換基を有するアラルキル基が含まれる。置換基としては、例えば、ハロゲン原子、炭素数1~6のアルキル基、炭素数1~6のアルコキシ基、ニトロ基、シアノ基などが挙げられる。
その具体例としては、ベンジル、p-メチルフェニルメチル、m-メチルフェニルメチル、o-エチルフェニルメチル、m-エチルフェニルメチル、p-エチルフェニルメチル、2-プロピルフェニルメチル、4-イソプロピルフェニルメチル、4-イソブチルフェニルメチル、α-ナフチルメチル基等が挙げられる。
R93およびR94は、水素原子または炭素数1~10のアルキル基を表し、
W1およびW2は、互いに独立して、単結合、CR95R96(R95およびR96は、互いに独立して、水素原子または炭素数1~10のアルキル基(ただし、これらは一緒になって環を形成していてもよい。)を表す。)、C=O、O、S、SO、SO2、またはNR97(R97は、水素原子、炭素数1~10のアルキル基またはフェニル基を表す。)を表す。
ハロゲン原子としては、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子が挙げられる。
なお、アルキル基、アルコキシ基としては上記と同様のものが挙げられる。
また、X1およびX2は、互いに独立して、単結合、炭素数1~10のアルキレン基、または式(14)で示される基を表す。
これらのアルキル基、アルコキシ基、及びアルキレン基の構造は、特に限定されず、例えば、鎖状、分岐状、環状、およびこれらの2以上の組み合わせのいずれでもよい。
Y1およびY2は、互いに独立して、単結合または炭素数1~10のアルキレン基を表す。
これらハロゲン原子、アルキル基、アルコキシ基としては、R1~R92におけるハロゲン原子、アルキル基、アルコキシ基と同様のものが挙げられる。
R98~R101におけるアルキル基、及びアルコキシ基の構造は、特に限定されず、例えば、鎖状、分岐状、環状、およびこれらの2以上の組み合わせのいずれでもよい。
Y1およびY2におけるアルキレン基の構造は、特に限定されず、例えば、鎖状、分岐状、環状、およびこれらの2以上の組み合わせのいずれでもよい。
炭素数1~10のアルキレン基としては、メチレン、エチレン、プロピレン、トリメチレン、テトラメチレン、ペンタメチレン基等が挙げられる。
上記アルキレン基の構造は、特に限定されず、例えば、鎖状、分岐状、環状、およびこれらの2以上の組み合わせのいずれでもよい。
このアリール基としては、上記で例示した基と同様のものが挙げられるが、特に、フェニル基が好ましい。
アリール基上の水酸基の数は、特に限定されるものではないが、アルカリ現像液での現像性および有機溶媒に対する溶解性のバランスを考慮すると、1つが好適である。
これらの観点から、本発明では、水酸基置換アリールアミノ基として、式(15)で示される水酸基置換フェニルアミノ基が好ましく、式(16)で示されるアミノ基のメタ位に水酸基を有するフェニルアミノ基がより好ましい。
なお、本発明における重量平均分子量は、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(以下、GPCという)分析による標準ポリスチレン換算で得られる平均分子量である。
例えば、下記スキーム1に示されるように、トリアジン環含有重合体(19)は、トリアジン化合物(18)、およびアリールジアミノ化合物(20)を適当な有機溶媒中で反応させて得ることができる。
アリールジアミノ化合物(20)は、ニートで加えても、有機溶媒に溶かした溶液で加えてもよいが、操作の容易さや反応のコントロールのし易さなどを考慮すると、後者の手法が好適である。
反応温度は、用いる溶媒の融点から溶媒の沸点までの範囲で適宜設定すればよいが、特に、-30~150℃程度が好ましく、-10~100℃がより好ましい。
中でもN,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、3-メトキシ-N,N-ジメチルプロパンアミド、3-ブトキシ-N,N-ジメチルプロパンアミドおよびそれらの混合系が好ましく、特に、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、3-メトキシ-N,N-ジメチルプロパンアミド、3-ブトキシ-N,N-ジメチルプロパンアミド、N-メチル-2-ピロリドンが好適である。
この塩基の具体例としては、炭酸カリウム、水酸化カリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、水酸化ナトリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム、ナトリウムエトキシド、酢酸ナトリウム、炭酸リチウム、水酸化リチウム、酸化リチウム、酢酸カリウム、酸化マグネシウム、酸化カルシウム、水酸化バリウム、リン酸三リチウム、リン酸三ナトリウム、リン酸三カリウム、フッ化セシウム、酸化アルミニウム、アンモニア、n-プロピルアミン、トリメチルアミン、トリエチルアミン、ジイソプロピルアミン、ジイソプロピルエチルアミン、N-メチルピペリジン、2,2,6,6-テトラメチル-N-メチルピペリジン、ピリジン、4-ジメチルアミノピリジン、N-メチルモルホリン、2-アミノエタノール、エチルジエタノールアミン、ジエチルアミノエタノール等が挙げられる。
塩基の添加量は、トリアジン化合物(18)1当量に対して1~100当量が好ましく、1~10当量がより好ましい。なお、これらの塩基は水溶液にして用いてもよい。
得られる重合体には、原料成分が残存していないことが好ましいが、本発明の効果を損なわなければ一部の原料が残存していてもよい。
反応終了後、生成物は再沈法等によって容易に精製できる。
この末端封止方法としては、公知の方法を採用すればよく、例えば、上記の手法により得られたトリアジン環含有重合体(19)を、末端封止基を与える末端封止剤である、アミノフェノール等のフェノール性水酸基を有するアリールアミン化合物で処理すればよい。
この場合、末端封止剤の使用量は、重合反応に使われなかった余剰のトリアジン化合物由来のハロゲン原子1当量に対し、0.05~10当量程度が好ましく、0.1~5当量がより好ましく、0.5~2当量がより一層好ましい。
反応溶媒や反応温度としては、上記スキーム1で述べたのと同様の条件が挙げられ、また、末端封止剤は、アリールジアミノ化合物(20)と同時に仕込んでもよい。
なお、上記水酸基置換アリールアミン化合物とともに、置換基を有しないアリールアミン化合物を用い、2種類以上の基で末端封止を行ってもよい。
本発明で用いる架橋剤としては、単独で架橋反応を起こして、又は上述したトリアジン環含有重合体と一緒になって架橋反応を起こして、架橋構造を形成しうる化合物であれば特に限定されるものではない。
そのような化合物としては、メチロール基、メトキシメチル基などの架橋形成置換基を有するメラミン系化合物(例えば、フェノプラスト化合物、アミノプラスト化合物など)、置換尿素系化合物、エポキシ基またはオキセタン基などの架橋形成置換基を含有する化合物(例えば、多官能エポキシ化合物、多官能オキセタン化合物など)、ブロックイソシアナート基を含有する化合物、酸無水物基を有する化合物、(メタ)アクリル基を有する化合物等が挙げられるが、耐熱性や保存安定性の観点からエポキシ基、ブロックイソシアネート基、(メタ)アクリル基を含有する化合物が好ましく、特に、ブロックイソシアネート基を有する化合物や、開始剤を用いなくとも光硬化可能な組成物を与える多官能エポキシ化合物および/または多官能(メタ)アクリル化合物が好ましい。
なお、これらの化合物は、重合体同士の架橋処理に用いる場合又は単独で架橋構造を形成する場合は少なくとも2個の架橋形成置換基を有する必要がある。
その具体例としては、トリス(2,3-エポキシプロピル)イソシアヌレート、1,4-ブタンジオールジグリシジルエーテル、1,2-エポキシ-4-(エポキシエチル)シクロヘキサン、グリセロールトリグリシジルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、2,6-ジグリシジルフェニルグリシジルエーテル、1,1,3-トリス[p-(2,3-エポキシプロポキシ)フェニル]プロパン、1,2-シクロヘキサンジカルボン酸ジグリシジルエステル、4,4’-メチレンビス(N,N-ジグリシジルアニリン)、3,4-エポキシシクロヘキシルメチル-3,4-エポキシシクロヘキサンカルボキシレート、トリメチロールエタントリグリシジルエーテル、ビスフェノール-A-ジグリシジルエーテル、ペンタエリスリトールポリグリシジルエーテル等が挙げられる。
その具体例としては、エチレングリコールジアクリレート、エチレングリコールジメタクリレート、ポリエチレングリコールジアクリレート、ポリエチレングリコールジメタクリレート、エトキシ化ビスフェノールAジアクリレート、エトキシ化ビスフェノールAジメタクリレート、エトキシ化トリメチロールプロパントリアクリレート、エトキシ化トリメチロールプロパントリメタクリレート、エトキシ化グリセリントリアクリレート、エトキシ化グリセリントリメタクリレート、エトキシ化ペンタエリスリトールテトラアクリレート、エトキシ化ペンタエリスリトールテトラメタクリレート、エトキシ化ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサアクリレート、ポリグリセリンモノエチレンオキサイドポリアクリレート、ポリグリセリンポリエチレングリコールポリアクリレート、ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサアクリレート、ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサメタクリレート、ネオペンチルグリコールジアクリレート、ネオペンチルグリコールジメタクリレート、ペンタエリスリトールトリアクリレート、ペンタエリスリトールトリメタクリレート、トリメチロールプロパントリアクリレート、トリメチロールプロパントリメタクリレート、トリシクロデカンジメタノールジアクリレート、トリシクロデカンジメタノールジメタクリレート、1,6-ヘキサンジオールジアクリレート、1,6-ヘキサンジオールジメタクリレート、多塩基酸変性アクリルオリゴマー等が挙げられる。
上記多塩基酸変性アクリルオリゴマーも市販品として入手が可能であり、その具体例としては、アロニックスM-510,520(以上、東亞合成(株)製)等が挙げられる。
一分子中2個以上のイソシアネート基を有する化合物としては、例えば、イソホロンジイソシアネート、1,6-ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート、メチレンビス(4-シクロヘキシルイソシアネート)、トリメチルヘキサメチレンジイソシアネートのポリイソシアネートや、これらの二量体、三量体、および、これらとジオール類、トリオール類、ジアミン類、またはトリアミン類との反応物などが挙げられる。
ブロック剤としては、例えば、メタノール、エタノール、イソプロパノール、n-ブタノール、2-エトキシヘキサノール、2-N,N-ジメチルアミノエタノール、2-エトキシエタノール、シクロヘキサノール等のアルコール類;フェノール、o-ニトロフェノール、p-クロロフェノール、o-、m-またはp-クレゾール等のフェノール類;ε-カプロラクタム等のラクタム類、アセトンオキシム、メチルエチルケトンオキシム、メチルイソブチルケトンオキシム、シクロヘキサノンオキシム、アセトフェノンオキシム、ベンゾフェノンオキシム等のオキシム類;ピラゾール、3,5-ジメチルピラゾール、3-メチルピラゾール等のピラゾール類;ドデカンチオール、ベンゼンチオール等のチオール類などが挙げられる。
多官能オキセタン化合物としては、オキセタニル基を一分子中2個以上有するものであれば、特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、オキセタニル基を含有するOXT-221、OX-SQ-H、OX-SC(以上、東亜合成(株)製)等が挙げられる。
フェノプラスト化合物としては、例えば、2,6-ジヒドロキシメチル-4-メチルフェノール、2,4-ジヒドロキシメチル-6-メチルフェノール、ビス(2-ヒドロキシ-3-ヒドロキシメチル-5-メチルフェニル)メタン、ビス(4-ヒドロキシ-3-ヒドロキシメチル-5-メチルフェニル)メタン、2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシ-3,5-ジヒドロキシメチルフェニル)プロパン、ビス(3-ホルミル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)メタン、ビス(4-ヒドロキシ-2,5-ジメチルフェニル)ホルミルメタン、α,α-ビス(4-ヒドロキシ-2,5-ジメチルフェニル)-4-ホルミルトルエン等が挙げられる。
フェノプラスト化合物は、市販品としても入手が可能であり、その具体例としては、26DMPC、46DMOC、DM-BIPC-F、DM-BIOC-F、TM-BIP-A、BISA-F、BI25X-DF、BI25X-TPA(以上、旭有機材(株)製)等が挙げられる。
このような多官能(メタ)アクリル化合物としては、例えば、NKエステルA-DPH、同A-DPH-12E(いずれも、新中村化学工業(株)製)等が挙げられる。
本発明の組成物には、それぞれの架橋剤に応じた開始剤を配合することもできる。なお、上述のとおり、架橋剤として多官能エポキシ化合物および/または多官能(メタ)アクリル化合物を用いる場合、開始剤を使用せずとも光硬化が進行して硬化膜を与えるものであるが、その場合に開始剤を使用しても差し支えない。
光酸発生剤としては、公知のものから適宜選択して用いればよく、例えば、ジアゾニウム塩、スルホニウム塩やヨードニウム塩などのオニウム塩誘導体を用いることができる。
その具体例としては、フェニルジアゾニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート、4-メトキシフェニルジアゾニウムヘキサフルオロアンチモネート、4-メチルフェニルジアゾニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート等のアリールジアゾニウム塩;ジフェニルヨードニウムヘキサフルオロアンチモネート、ジ(4-メチルフェニル)ヨードニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート、ジ(4-tert-ブチルフェニル)ヨードニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート等のジアリールヨードニウム塩;トリフェニルスルホニウムヘキサフルオロアンチモネート、トリス(4-メトキシフェニル)スルホニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート、ジフェニル-4-チオフェノキシフェニルスルホニウムヘキサフルオロアンチモネート、ジフェニル-4-チオフェノキシフェニルスルホニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート、4,4’-ビス(ジフェニルスルフォニオ)フェニルスルフィド-ビスヘキサフルオロアンチモネート、4,4’-ビス(ジフェニルスルフォニオ)フェニルスルフィド-ビスヘキサフルオロホスフェート、4,4’-ビス[ジ(β-ヒドロキシエトキシ)フェニルスルホニオ]フェニルスルフィド-ビスヘキサフルオロアンチモネート、4,4’-ビス[ジ(β-ヒドロキシエトキシ)フェニルスルホニオ]フェニルスルフィド-ビス-ヘキサフルオロホスフェート、4-[4’-(ベンゾイル)フェニルチオ]フェニル-ジ(4-フルオロフェニル)スルホニウムヘキサフルオロアンチモネート、4-[4’-(ベンゾイル)フェニルチオ]フェニル-ジ(4-フルオロフェニル)スルホニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート等のトリアリールスルホニウム塩等が挙げられる。
その具体例としては、2-ニトロベンジルシクロヘキシルカルバメート、トリフェニルメタノール、O-カルバモイルヒドロキシルアミド、O-カルバモイルオキシム、[[(2,6-ジニトロベンジル)オキシ]カルボニル]シクロヘキシルアミン、ビス[[(2-ニトロベンジル)オキシ]カルボニル]ヘキサン1,6-ジアミン、4-(メチルチオベンゾイル)-1-メチル-1-モルホリノエタン、(4-モルホリノベンゾイル)-1-ベンジル-1-ジメチルアミノプロパン、N-(2-ニトロベンジルオキシカルボニル)ピロリジン、ヘキサアンミンコバルト(III)トリス(トリフェニルメチルボレート)、2-ベンジル-2-ジメチルアミノ-1-(4-モルホリノフェニル)-ブタノン、2,6-ジメチル-3,5-ジアセチル-4-(2’-ニトロフェニル)-1,4-ジヒドロピリジン、2,6-ジメチル-3,5-ジアセチル-4-(2’,4’-ジニトロフェニル)-1,4-ジヒドロピリジン等が挙げられる。
また、光塩基発生剤は市販品を用いてもよく、その具体例としては、TPS-OH、NBC-101、ANC-101(いずれも製品名、みどり化学(株)製)等が挙げられる。
なお、必要に応じてエポキシ樹脂硬化剤を、多官能エポキシ化合物100質量部に対して、1~100質量部の量で配合してもよい。
光ラジカル重合開始剤としても、公知のものから適宜選択して用いればよく、例えば、アセトフェノン類、ベンゾフェノン類、ミヒラーのベンゾイルベンゾエート、アミロキシムエステル、オキシムエステル類、テトラメチルチウラムモノサルファイドおよびチオキサントン類等が挙げられる。
特に、光開裂型の光ラジカル重合開始剤が好ましい。光開裂型の光ラジカル重合開始剤については、最新UV硬化技術(159頁、発行人:高薄一弘、発行所:(株)技術情報協会、1991年発行)に記載されている。
市販の光ラジカル重合開始剤としては、例えば、BASF社製 商品名:イルガキュア 127、184、369、379、379EG、651、500、754、819、903、907、784、2959、CGI1700、CGI1750、CGI1850、CG24-61、OXE01、OXE02、OXE03、OXE04、ダロキュア 1116、1173、MBF、BASF社製 商品名:ルシリン TPO、UCB社製 商品名:ユベクリル P36、フラテツリ・ランベルティ社製 商品名:エザキュアー KIP150、KIP65LT、KIP100F、KT37、KT55、KTO46、KIP75/B等が挙げられる。
光ラジカル重合開始剤を用いる場合、多官能(メタ)アクリレート化合物100質量部に対して、0.1~200質量部の範囲で使用することが好ましく、1~150質量部の範囲で使用することがより好ましい。
有機溶媒の具体例としては、トルエン、p-キシレン、o-キシレン、m-キシレン、エチルベンゼン、スチレン、エチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコール、プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノイソプロピルエーテル、エチレングリコールメチルエーテルアセテート、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、エチレングリコールエチルエーテルアセテート、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、トリエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート、ジエチレングリコール、1-オクタノール、エチレングリコール、ヘキシレングリコール、トリメチレングリコール、1-メトキシ-2-ブタノール、シクロヘキサノール、ジアセトンアルコール、フルフリルアルコール、テトラヒドロフルフリルアルコール、プロピレングリコール、ベンジルアルコール、1,3-ブタンジオール、1,4-ブタンジオール、2,3-ブタンジオール、γ-ブチロラクトン、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、メチルイソプロピルケトン、ジエチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトン、メチルノーマルブチルケトン、シクロペンタノン、シクロヘキサノン、酢酸エチル、酢酸イソプロピル、酢酸ノーマルプロピル、酢酸イソブチル、酢酸ノーマルブチル、乳酸エチル、メタノール、エタノール、イソプロパノール、tert-ブタノール、アリルアルコール、ノーマルプロパノール、2-メチル-2-ブタノール、イソブタノール、ノーマルブタノール、2-メチル-1-ブタノール、1-ペンタノール、2-メチル-1-ペンタノール、2-エチルヘキサノール、1-メトキシ-2-プロパノール、テトラヒドロフラン、1,4-ジオキサン、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド(DMAc)、N-メチルピロリドン、1,3-ジメチル-2-イミダゾリジノン、ジメチルスルホキシド、N-シクロヘキシル-2-ピロリジノン等が挙げられ、これらは単独で用いても、2種以上混合して用いてもよい。
本発明の組成物には、本発明の効果を損なわない限りにおいて、トリアジン環含有重合体、架橋剤および溶媒以外のその他の成分、例えば、レベリング剤、界面活性剤、シランカップリング剤、重合禁止剤、酸化防止剤、防錆剤、離型剤、可塑剤、消泡剤、増粘剤、分散剤、帯電防止剤、沈降防止剤、顔料、染料、紫外線吸収剤、光安定剤、無機微粒子などの添加剤が含まれていてもよい。
界面活性剤としては、例えば、ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンステアリルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンセチルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンオレイルエーテル等のポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル類;ポリオキシエチレンオクチルフェノールエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンノニルフェノールエーテル等のポリオキシエチレンアルキルアリルエーテル類;ポリオキシエチレン・ポリオキシプロピレンブロックコポリマー類;ソルビタンモノラウレート、ソルビタンモノパルミテート、ソルビタンモノステアレート、ソルビタンモノオレエート、ソルビタントリオレエート、ソルビタントリステアレート等のソルビタン脂肪酸エステル類;ポリオキシエチレンソルビタンモノラウレート、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタンモノパルミテート、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタンモノステアレート、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタントリオレエート、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタントリステアレート等のポリオキシエチレンソルビタン脂肪酸エステル類等のノニオン系界面活性剤、商品名エフトップEF301、EF303、EF352(三菱マテリアル電子化成(株)製(旧(株)ジェムコ製))、商品名メガファックF171、F173、R-08、R-30、R-40、R-41、F-114、F-410、F-430、F-444、F-477、F-552、F-553、F-554、F-555、F-556、F-557、F-558、F-559、F-561、F-562、F-563、RS-75、RS-72-K、RS-76-E、RS-76NS、RS-77(DIC(株)製)、フロラードFC430、FC431(住友スリーエム(株)製)、商品名アサヒガードAG710,サーフロンS-382、SC101、SC102、SC103、SC104、SC105、SC106(AGC(株)製)等のフッ素系界面活性剤、オルガノシロキサンポリマーKP341(信越化学工業(株)製)、BYK-302、BYK-307、BYK-322、BYK-323、BYK-330、BYK-333、BYK-370、BYK-375、BYK-378(ビックケミー・ジャパン(株)製)等が挙げられる。
本発明の組成物を用いたパターンの作製方法では、基材に塗布し、その後、必要に応じて加熱して溶剤を蒸発させた後、加熱または光照射して所望の硬化膜とすることができ、光照射にて硬化膜を作製するにあたって、所望のパターンが形成されたマスクを介して光照射した後、現像液にて現像することで微細パターンを形成することができる。また、本発明のパターン形成用組成物を利用すると硬化物を得ることができる。硬化物は、例えば、凸レンズ状の微細パターン(レンズ)である。
なお、パターンの作製方法の他の例では、所望のパターンが形成されたマスクを介した光照射に代えて、レーザーによるパターン状の光照射を行ってもよい。
この際、組成物の塗布方法は任意であり、例えば、スピンコート法、ディップ法、フローコート法、インクジェット法、ジェットディスペンサー法、スプレー法、バーコート法、グラビアコート法、スリットコート法、ロールコート法、転写印刷法、刷毛塗り、ブレードコート法、エアーナイフコート法等の方法を採用できる。
焼成温度は、溶媒を蒸発させる目的では特に限定されず、例えば70~400℃で行うことができる。
焼成時間は、溶媒が蒸発する時間であればよく、例えば、1~600秒が採用できる。
焼成方法としては、特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、ホットプレートやオーブンを用いて、大気、窒素等の不活性ガス、真空中等の適切な雰囲気下で蒸発させればよい。
焼成温度および焼成時間は、目的とする電子デバイスのプロセス工程に適合した条件を選択すればよく、得られる膜の物性値が電子デバイスの要求特性に適合するような焼成条件を選択すればよい。
光照射する場合の条件も特に限定されるものではなく、用いるトリアジン環含有重合体および架橋剤に応じて、適宜な照射エネルギーおよび時間を採用すればよい。
有機溶媒現像液の具体例としては、PGME(プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル)、PGMEA(プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート)、PGMEとPGMEAの混合溶媒、NMP(N-メチル-2-ピロリドン)、γ-ブチロラクトン、DMSO(ジメチルスルホキシド)等が挙げられ、一方、水性現像液の具体例としては、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム、水酸化ナトリウム,水酸化カリウム,テトラメチルアンモニウムヒドロキシド等のアルカリ水溶液が挙げられる。
この場合の焼成温度も特に限定されるものではないが、70~400℃が好ましく、80~200℃がより好ましく、85~150℃がより一層好ましい。
また、焼成時間も任意であるが、リフローによって所望のレンズ形状とすることを考慮すると、1~60分が好ましく、5~35分がより好ましく、7~15分がより一層好ましい。
なお、焼成方法は上記と同様の手法を採用できる。
オキシラン環含有化合物としては、分子内にオキシラン環を1個以上、好ましくは2個以上有するものが挙げられ、その具体例としては、グリシジルエーテル型エポキシ樹脂、グリシジルエステル型エポキシ樹脂、脂環式エポキシ樹脂、エポキシ変性ポリブタジエン樹脂、オキセタン化合物等が挙げられる。これらは単独で用いても、2種以上組み合わせて用いてもよい。
オキシラン環含有化合物の配合量は、特に限定されるものではないが、トリアジン環含有重合体100質量部に対し、10~400質量部程度とすることができる。
光硬化型触媒の配合量は、特に限定されるものではないが、トリアジン環含有重合体100質量部に対し、0.1~100質量部程度とすることができる。
これらを含む組成物も上述した手法によって塗布した後、例えば、紫外光等を1~4000mJ/cm2にて光照射して硬化させることができる。光照射は、高圧水銀ランプ、メタルハライドランプ、キセノンランプ、LED、レーザー光等の公知の各種手法を用いて行えばよい。
なお、必要に応じ、露光前後に85~150℃程度で加熱してもよい。
露光後の現像は、上述した有機溶媒現像液または水性現像液中に露光樹脂を浸漬して行うことができる。
特に、本発明のレンズは、凸レンズ形状を有し、透明性が高く、屈折率も高いため、有機ELディスプレイの光取出し用途やブラックマトリックス用途をはじめとした、高屈折率パターンが要求される用途に好適に用いることできる。
[1H-NMR]
装置:Bruker NMR System AVANCE III HD 500(500MHz)
測定溶媒:DMSO-d6
基準物質:テトラメチルシラン(TMS)(δ0.0ppm)
[GPC]
装置:東ソー(株)製 HLC-8200 GPC
カラム:東ソーTSKgel α-3000 +東ソーTSKgel α-4000
カラム温度:40℃
溶媒:ジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)
検出器:UV(271nm)
検量線:標準ポリスチレン
[エリプソメーター]
装置:ジェー・エー・ウーラム・ジャパン製 多入射角分光エリプソメーターVASE
[分光測色計]
装置:コニカミノルタ製 CM-3700A
[濁度計]
装置:日本電色工業株式会社製 HAZE METER NDH 5000
[光学顕微鏡]
装置:オリンパス光学工業株式会社製 OLYMPUS BX51
[電子顕微鏡]
装置:日本電子製 JSM-7400F
[露光]
装置:SUSS社製マスクアライナーMA6
[現像]
装置:アクテス京三(株)製 小型現像装置 ADE-3000S
化合物P-1のGPCによるポリスチレン換算で測定される重量平均分子量Mwは5,970、多分散度Mw/Mnは2.5であった。化合物P-1の1H-NMRスペクトルの測定結果を図1に示す。
得られた化合物P-1(3.0g)を、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル(以下、PGMEと略す)(7.0g)、シクロペンタノン(以下、CPNと略す)(7.0g)にそれぞれ溶解させたところ、どちらの溶媒にも溶解し、30質量%の均一なワニスが得られた。
(2)屈折率の確認
得られた化合物P-1(0.749g)、界面活性剤として10質量%PGME溶液のメガファックR-40(DIC(株)製)0.007g、およびCPN4.243gを加えて、15質量%の均一透明な膜形成用組成物(ワニス)を調製した(以下、P-1溶液という)。
得られたP-1溶液を、50mm×50mm×0.7t(0.7mm)の無アルカリガラス基板上にスピンコーターを用いて1000nm狙いでスピンコートし、100℃のホットプレートで1分間仮焼成した後、250℃で5分間本焼成して硬化膜(以下、P-1膜という)を得た(膜厚929nm)。作製した硬化膜の波長550nmにおける屈折率を測定したところ、1.778であった。
化合物P-2のGPCによるポリスチレン換算で測定される重量平均分子量Mwは12,384、多分散度Mw/Mnは3.3であった。化合物P-2の1H-NMRスペクトルの測定結果を図2に示す。
[実施例3]
実施例1で得られた化合物P-1(11.731g)、架橋剤として80質量%CPN溶液のA-DPH-12E(新中村化学社製)13.197g、光ラジカル発生剤として10質量%CPN溶液のOXE-04(BASF社製)3.519g、界面活性剤として10質量%CPN溶液のメガファックR-40(DIC(株)製)0.235g、およびCPN(30.65g)を配合して目視で溶解したことを確認し、固形分38.2質量%のワニスを調製した(以下、SP-1溶液という)。
このSP-1溶液を50mm×50mm×0.7tの無アルカリガラス基板上に、スピンコーターにて200rpmで5秒間、590rpmで30秒間スピンコートし、ホットプレートを用いて100℃で1分間仮乾燥後して硬化膜(以下、SP-1膜という)を得た。
上記で得られた硬化膜について、屈折率、膜厚、b*、400~800nmの透過率、HAZEを測定した。結果を表1に示す。なお、透過率については400~800nmの平均透過率を算出した。
実施例3で調製したSP-1溶液を50mm×50mm×0.7tの無アルカリガラス基板上に、スピンコーターにて200rpmで5秒間、590rpmで30秒間スピンコートし、ホットプレートを用いて100℃で1分間仮乾燥後、SUSS社製マスクアライナーMA6を用いて、15μm間隔で配置された直径15μmの円形の開口部と、開口部以外の残部にあたるスペース(紫外線遮蔽部)を設けたマスクを塗布膜上に設置し、365nmの波長の光にて、150mJ/cm2の露光量を照射した。
UV照射後、2.38%のテトラメチルアンモニウムヒドロキシド(以下、TMAHと略す)溶液を用いて40秒間現像し、その後30秒間超純水でリンスした。リンス後、ホットプレートを用いて100℃で10分間乾燥させ、パターニング膜を得た。
得られたパターニング膜の光学顕微鏡写真および電子顕微鏡写真を図3,4に示す。
実施例3で調製したSP-1溶液を50mm×50mm×0.7tの無アルカリガラス基板上に、スピンコーターにて200rpmで5秒間、590rpmで30秒間スピンコートし、ホットプレートを用いて100℃で1分間仮乾燥後、SUSS社製マスクアライナーMA6を用いて、15μm間隔で配置された直径15μmの円形の開口部と、開口部以外の残部にあたるスペース(紫外線遮蔽部)を設けたマスクを塗布膜上に設置し、365nmの波長の光にて、150mJ/cm2の露光量を照射した。
UV照射後、2.38%のTMAH溶液を用いて40秒間現像し、その後30秒間超純水でリンスし、パターニング膜を得た。
得られたパターニング膜の光学顕微鏡写真および電子顕微鏡写真を図5,6に示す。
通常、ネガ型の材料は上部から光が当たった部分が硬化するため、逆テーパー形状にはなるが、レンズ形状はその逆形状であるため形成しにくいが、実施例3のパターニング膜では、ネガ型にも関わらず、現像後の焼成によりパターンがリフローし、所望の凸レンズ形状が得られることがわかった。このように、本発明は、ネガ型とリフローという通常ありえない組み合わせで予期せぬ効果を発揮したものと言える。
実施例3で調製したSP-1溶液を50mm×50mm×0.7tの無アルカリガラス基板上に、スピンコーターにて200rpmで5秒間、930rpmで30秒間スピンコートし、ホットプレートを用いて100℃で1分間仮乾燥後、SUSS社製マスクアライナーMA6を用いて、ライン&スペースと呼ばれる幅15μmの直線状の開口部と幅15μmの直線状のスペース(紫外線遮蔽部)を設けたマスクを塗布膜上に設置し、365nmの波長の光にて、150mJ/cm2の露光量を照射した。
UV照射後、2.38%のTMAH溶液を用いて60秒間現像し、その後30秒間超純水でリンスし、パターニング膜を得た。
得られたパターニング膜の光学顕微鏡写真を図7に示す。
Claims (16)
- 下記式(1)で表される繰り返し単位構造を含むとともに、少なくとも1つのトリアジン環末端を有し、そのトリアジン環末端の少なくとも一部が水酸基置換アリールアミノ基で封止されているトリアジン環含有重合体と、架橋剤と、有機溶媒とを含むことを特徴とするパターン形成用組成物。
Ar1は、下記式(2)~(13)で示される群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を表す。
R93およびR94は、水素原子または炭素数1~10のアルキル基を表し、
W1およびW2は、互いに独立して、単結合、CR95R96(R95およびR96は、互いに独立して、水素原子または炭素数1~10のアルキル基(ただし、これらは一緒になって環を形成していてもよい。)を表す。)、C=O、O、S、SO、SO2、またはNR97(R97は、水素原子、炭素数1~10のアルキル基またはフェニル基を表す。)を表し、
X1およびX2は、互いに独立して、単結合、炭素数1~10のアルキレン基、または下記式(14)
Y1およびY2は、互いに独立して、単結合または炭素数1~10のアルキレン基を表す。)で示される基を表す。〕 - 前記架橋剤が、多官能(メタ)アクリル化合物である請求項1~4のいずれか1項記載のパターン形成用組成物。
- 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の光取り出し層用である請求項1~5のいずれか1項記載のパターン形成用組成物。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか1項記載のパターン形成用組成物から作製された硬化物。
- レンズである請求項7記載の硬化物。
- 基材と、前記基材上に形成された請求項7または8記載の硬化物とを備える電子デバイス。
- 有機エレクトロルミネッセンスである請求項9記載の電子デバイス。
- 基材と、前記基材上に形成された請求項7または8記載の硬化物とを備える光学部材。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか1項記載のパターン形成用組成物を基材に塗布し、有機溶媒を蒸発させ、パターンが形成されたマスクを介して光照射した後、現像し、さらに焼成することを特徴とするパターンの作製方法。
- 下記式(1)で表される繰り返し単位構造を含むとともに、少なくとも1つのトリアジン環末端を有し、そのトリアジン環末端の少なくとも一部が水酸基置換アリールアミノ基で封止されているトリアジン環含有重合体。
Ar1は、下記式(2)~(13)で示される群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を表す。
R93およびR94は、水素原子または炭素数1~10のアルキル基を表し、
W1およびW2は、互いに独立して、単結合、CR95R96(R95およびR96は、互いに独立して、水素原子または炭素数1~10のアルキル基(ただし、これらは一緒になって環を形成していてもよい。)を表す。)、C=O、O、S、SO、SO2、またはNR97(R97は、水素原子、炭素数1~10のアルキル基またはフェニル基を表す。)を表し、
X1およびX2は、互いに独立して、単結合、炭素数1~10のアルキレン基、または下記式(14)
Y1およびY2は、互いに独立して、単結合または炭素数1~10のアルキレン基を表す。)で示される基を表す。〕
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