WO2021104332A1 - 电池模块、装置及失效电池单体的失效处理方法 - Google Patents

电池模块、装置及失效电池单体的失效处理方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021104332A1
WO2021104332A1 PCT/CN2020/131573 CN2020131573W WO2021104332A1 WO 2021104332 A1 WO2021104332 A1 WO 2021104332A1 CN 2020131573 W CN2020131573 W CN 2020131573W WO 2021104332 A1 WO2021104332 A1 WO 2021104332A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery cell
arrangement structure
battery
cell arrangement
mounting beam
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/131573
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王鹏
陈兴地
谢名迪
周灵刚
孙占宇
吴凯
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to EP20892646.9A priority Critical patent/EP3930083A4/en
Priority to KR1020227017272A priority patent/KR102517184B1/ko
Priority to JP2022530972A priority patent/JP7256335B2/ja
Publication of WO2021104332A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021104332A1/zh
Priority to US17/488,497 priority patent/US11588186B2/en
Priority to US18/152,956 priority patent/US20230170535A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/66—Arrangements of batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/262—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks
    • H01M50/264—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks for cells or batteries, e.g. straps, tie rods or peripheral frames
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/271—Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/514—Methods for interconnecting adjacent batteries or cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/547—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells
    • H01M50/55—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells on the same side of the cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/564—Terminals characterised by their manufacturing process
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0405—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion characterised by their position
    • B60K2001/0438—Arrangement under the floor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • This application relates to the technical field of energy storage devices, in particular to a battery module, a device, and a failure processing method for a failed battery cell.
  • the battery module includes a plurality of battery cells stacked on each other, and the plurality of battery cells are electrically connected, so as to realize the output of electric energy of the battery module and supply power to the electric equipment.
  • the battery module During the charging and discharging process of the battery cell, there is a risk of failure, and when a certain battery cell fails, the entire circuit of the battery module will fail, and the battery module will not work normally.
  • a battery cell fails it is usually solved by replacing the entire battery module.
  • the other battery cells can still work normally, and the entire battery module is directly replaced. The waste of resources, and the time required for battery module disassembly and assembly is long, which reduces work efficiency.
  • the present application provides a battery module, a device, and a failure processing method for a failed battery cell, which can simplify the maintenance process of the battery module, reduce the maintenance cost, and improve the working efficiency (utilization rate) of the battery module.
  • a first aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a battery module, the battery module includes: a battery cell arrangement structure, including a plurality of battery cells arranged along a length direction of the battery module, the battery cells including electrode terminals , The electrode terminals are arranged along the length direction and face the width direction of the battery module, the battery cells include failed battery cells; a box body, the box body has an accommodating cavity, and the battery cell arrangement structure is located The accommodating cavity; a mounting beam, the mounting beam is located in the accommodating cavity, and is located at the end of the battery cell arrangement structure in the width direction, along the height direction of the battery module, the mounting beam has a second Upper end surface; pressure plate, at least part of the pressure plate is located at the end of the battery cell arrangement structure in the height direction, and the pressure plate is detachably connected to the mounting beam; a conductive component, the conductive component is connected to the failure The positive terminal and the negative terminal of the battery cell; wherein, along the height direction, at least part of the conductive member is located between the second upper
  • the connection operation between the conductive component and the electrode terminal of the failed battery cell is facilitated, that is, there is no need to remove the mounting beam, and there is no need to remove the battery cell arrangement structure from the accommodating cavity. It can further simplify the maintenance process and reduce the maintenance cost.
  • the pressure plate includes a body portion and a connecting portion, the body portion is located at an end portion of the battery cell arrangement structure in a height direction; one end of the connecting portion is connected to the body portion, The other end is detachably connected with the mounting beam.
  • the connecting part of the pressure plate When the connecting part of the pressure plate is detachably connected to the mounting beam, not only the pressure plate can be installed on the mounting beam to improve the stability of the battery cell in the accommodating cavity, but also the connecting part can be easily removed from the mounting beam to facilitate Make connections to conductive parts.
  • the uppermost battery cell has a first upper end surface, and the body portion is connected to the first upper end surface; the height of the first upper end surface is greater than that of the first upper end surface.
  • the height of the second upper end surface; the connecting portion includes a first connecting section, a second connecting section and a transition section, the transition section connecting the first connecting section and the second connecting section; the first connecting section It is connected to the body part, or the first connecting section is connected to the body part and the first upper end surface; the second connecting section is detachably connected to the second upper end surface.
  • connection reliability between the connection part and the battery cell and the main body part is high.
  • the battery cell has a top cover plate, and the electrode terminals are arranged on the top cover plate; along the width direction, there is a preset distance between the top cover plate and the mounting beam
  • the box body, the mounting beam and the pressure plate enclose a containing space, and the conductive component is located in the containing space.
  • the preset distance between the top cover plate and the mounting beam is used to provide an electrical gap between the electrode terminals of the battery cell and the mounting beam, thereby avoiding electrical connection between the battery cell and the mounting beam and ensuring that the battery module can work normally.
  • the box body, the mounting beam and the pressure plate enclose an accommodating space, which can facilitate the connection of the conductive components.
  • the main body is bonded to the first upper end surface; the first connecting section is overlapped with the main body, and the overlap length between the two is 10 millimeters (mm) ⁇ 200 millimeters (mm).
  • the battery module includes a row of the battery cell arrangement structure, and along the width direction, the body part does not exceed the battery cell arrangement structure, or along the width direction ,
  • the battery module includes two rows of the battery cell arrangement structure, and the electrode terminals of the two rows of the battery cell arrangement structure are away from each other, and along the width direction, one end of the body part does not exceed one row of the battery cells.
  • Body arrangement structure, the other end does not exceed the battery cell arrangement structure of another row.
  • the battery module further includes a first connecting piece and a second connecting piece, and the first connecting piece and the second connecting piece are connected to the electrode terminals of the battery cell;
  • the conductive component connects the first connecting piece and the second connecting piece connected to the failed battery cell; along the height direction, at least part of the first connecting piece and the second connecting piece are located on the second Between the end surface and the highest point of the pressure plate.
  • the conductive component can be easily connected to the first connecting piece and the second connecting piece And compared with the conductive member directly connected to the electrode terminal, when the conductive member is connected to the connecting piece, the connection area between the two is larger, so that the flow area between the two can be increased, and the risk of excessive temperature at the connection position can be reduced.
  • connection position of the conductive component and the first connecting piece is located between the second upper end surface and the pressure plate, and the conductive component is connected to the first connecting piece.
  • the connecting position of the two connecting pieces is located between the second upper end surface and the highest point of the pressing plate.
  • connection position of the conductive component with the first and second connection pieces is located above the second upper end surface of the mounting beam, so that the connection between the conductive component and the first connection piece and the second connection piece can be facilitated.
  • the battery cell arrangement structure includes a first battery cell arrangement structure and a second battery cell arrangement structure.
  • the first battery cell arrangement structure is located in the second battery cell arrangement structure.
  • the first connecting piece connects the battery cells of the first battery cell arrangement structure and the battery cells of the second battery cell arrangement structure, and the second connecting piece is connected The battery cells of the first battery cell arrangement structure and the battery cells of the second battery cell arrangement structure.
  • connection method makes the first connecting piece and the second connecting piece connected to the battery cells of the second battery cell arrangement structure located in the lower layer, at least part of the two connecting pieces are located above the second upper end surface of the mounting beam , which can be connected by conductive components, that is, the connection method makes the battery module include a two-layer battery cell arrangement structure, and when the battery cell of the second battery cell arrangement structure in the lower layer fails, the failed battery cell can also be connected through the conductive member. The battery cell (located in the lower layer), so that the maintenance of the failed battery cell can be achieved without disassembling the battery cell arrangement structure.
  • a second aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a device that uses a battery cell as a power source.
  • the device includes: a power source for providing driving force to the device; and, configured to provide driving force to the device; A battery module as described above in which a power source provides electrical energy.
  • the device When one or several battery cells fail during the operation of the battery module of the device, it is only necessary to connect the electrode terminals of the failed battery cells through the conductive parts, and there is no need to repair or replace the entire battery module.
  • the device When a vehicle is used, the vehicle can be directly repaired in a 4S shop without the need for the whole vehicle to be returned to the factory for processing, or without the need to replace a new battery module, thereby improving the working efficiency of the battery module, simplifying the maintenance process and reducing maintenance costs.
  • the third aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a failure processing method for failed battery cells.
  • the battery cell arrangement structure includes a plurality of battery cells, the battery cells include failed battery cells, and the failed battery cells include a positive electrode. Terminal and negative terminal, the end of the battery cell array structure in the width direction is provided with a mounting beam, and the end of the battery cell array structure in the height direction is provided with a pressure plate; the failure processing method includes: At least part of the pressure plate is removed from the mounting beam; the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the failed battery cell are electrically connected through the conductive component.
  • the pressure plate includes a body portion and a connecting portion.
  • the failure processing method includes: removing the connecting portion from the mounting beam. The beam is removed.
  • the two electrode terminals of the failed battery cell are respectively connected to the first connecting piece and the second connecting piece, and the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the failed battery cell are passed through the conductive component.
  • the failure processing method includes: electrically connecting the first connecting piece and the second connecting piece connected to the failed battery cell through the conductive component.
  • the conductive component indirectly connects the two electrode terminals of the failed battery cell, thereby realizing the short circuit of the failed battery cell, and when the conductive component is connected to the two connecting pieces, the connection area between the two is larger, thereby increasing the flow area and reducing the conductivity There is a risk of excessive temperature at the connection point between the component and the connecting piece.
  • the failure processing method further includes: the pressure plate removed from the mounting beam At least part of it is installed on the mounting beam.
  • the maintenance of the failed battery cell can be completed, and the battery cell arrangement structure in the battery module can also be limited by the pressure plate and the mounting beam.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a structure in a specific embodiment of the device provided by this application;
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery module in Fig. 1 in a specific embodiment, in which the pressure plate is connected to the mounting beam;
  • Figure 3 is a partial enlarged view of part I in Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is an exploded view of Figure 2;
  • FIG. 5 Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view with the connecting part of the pressure plate removed;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of connecting the first connecting piece and the second connecting piece through a conductive member in FIG. 5;
  • Figure 7 is a partial enlarged view of part II in Figure 6;
  • Fig. 8 is an exploded view of Fig. 2, wherein the conductive component connects the first connecting piece and the second connecting piece;
  • Figure 9 is a partial enlarged view of part III in Figure 8.
  • Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view of Figure 3;
  • Figure 11 is a partial enlarged view of part IV in Figure 10 in the first specific embodiment
  • Figure 12 is a partial enlarged view of part IV in Figure 10 in a second specific embodiment
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery cell arrangement structure in the battery module in FIG. 2 in another specific embodiment
  • Figure 14 is a partial enlarged view of part V in Figure 13;
  • Figure 15 is a partial enlarged view of part VI in Figure 13;
  • Figure 16 is a schematic view of the structure of the conductive component.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a device D and a battery module M that use the battery cell 13 as a power source.
  • the device D that uses the battery cell 1 as a power source includes mobile equipment such as vehicles, ships, and small airplanes.
  • the device D includes power
  • the power source is used to provide driving force to the device D, and the power source may be configured as a battery module M that provides electrical energy to the device D.
  • the driving force of the device D may be all electric energy, and may also include electric energy and other energy sources (such as mechanical energy).
  • the power source may be a battery module M, and the power source may also be a battery module M and an engine. Therefore, any device D capable of using the battery cell 13 as a power source is within the protection scope of the present application.
  • the device D in the embodiment of the present application may be a new energy vehicle.
  • the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or a range-extended vehicle.
  • the vehicle may include a battery module M and a vehicle body.
  • the battery module M is provided on the vehicle body.
  • the vehicle body is also provided with a drive motor, and the drive motor is electrically connected to the battery module M.
  • the battery module M provides electrical energy to drive the motor.
  • the transmission mechanism is connected with the wheels on the vehicle body to drive the vehicle to travel.
  • the battery module M may be horizontally arranged at the bottom of the vehicle body.
  • the battery module M may include a box body 5 (the box body 5 shown in FIG. 2 is a structure with an upper cover omitted), and the box body 5 has a receiving cavity 51 for placing battery cells.
  • the body 13 (see FIG. 4), and a plurality of battery cells 13 are stacked in the accommodating cavity 51.
  • the type of the box 5 is not limited, and may be a frame-shaped box, a disk-shaped box, or a box-shaped box.
  • the box 5 may be a box 5 with a rectangular parallelepiped structure.
  • the battery module M includes one or more battery cell array structures 1 (see FIG. 10), and the battery cell array structure 1 includes a plurality of battery cells arranged along the length direction X. 13, that is, in the battery cell arrangement structure 1, the electrode terminals 131 of each battery cell 13 are arranged along the length direction X and face the width direction Y.
  • the width direction Y refers to the width direction Y of the battery module M.
  • the battery module M may include one battery cell arrangement structure 1 or two battery cell arrangement structures 1 along the width direction Y.
  • the electrode terminals 131 of the battery cells 13 in the two battery cell arrangement structures 1 are away from each other, and their bottoms are close to each other.
  • the electrode terminal 131 of the battery cell 13 in one of the battery cell arrangement structure 1 faces one direction in the width direction Y
  • the electrode terminal 131 of the battery cell 13 in the other battery cell arrangement structure 1 faces the other direction in the width direction Y.
  • the two battery cell arrangement structures 1 approach or abut each other along the width direction Y.
  • the battery module M may include one layer of battery cell arrangement structure 1, or two layers of battery cell arrangement structure 1, wherein each layer may include a structure arranged along the width direction Y Two battery cell arrangement structure 1.
  • the battery module M includes two layers of battery cell arrangement structures 1, namely a first battery cell arrangement structure 11 and a second battery cell arrangement structure 12, which are along the height direction Z Stacked on top of each other.
  • each battery cell 13 includes a positive terminal 131a and a negative terminal 131b (see FIG. 9).
  • a plurality of battery cells 13 are electrically connected to form a circuit of the battery module M.
  • Each battery cell 13 can be connected in series and/or in parallel, and the battery cells 13 are connected by connecting pieces (the first connecting piece 2 and the second connecting piece 3).
  • the positive terminal 131a of one battery cell 13 and the negative terminal 131b of the other battery cell 13 are connected by a connecting piece.
  • each battery cell 13 is continuously charged and discharged, and during the charging and discharging process, the battery cell 13 has the risk of failure (such as thermal runaway), which causes the battery cell 13 to fail to work normally.
  • the battery cell 13 that fails and fails, that is, the failed battery cell 133 causes the circuit of the battery module M to malfunction and cannot supply power normally.
  • this application solves the technical problem by short-circuiting the failed battery cell 133 and re-forming the circuit.
  • the box body 5 of the battery module M further includes a mounting beam 52, which is located in the accommodating cavity 51 of the box body 5 and located in the battery cell arrangement structure 1 along the width direction.
  • the end of Y, that is, the electrode terminal 131 of the battery cell arrangement structure 1 faces the mounting beam 52.
  • the battery module M may also include a pressing plate 4, at least part of which is located at the end of the battery cell arrangement structure 1 along the height direction Z, and the pressing plate 4 is detachably connected to the mounting beam 52. After the two are connected, The pressing plate 4 can be used to provide a limit to the battery cell arrangement structure 1 along the height direction Z, thereby improving its stability in the containing cavity 51.
  • the battery module M may also include a conductive component 6.
  • the conductive component 6 is used to directly or indirectly connect the positive terminal 131a of the failed battery cell 133 and The negative terminal 131b, wherein the conductive member 6 can be connected to the electrode terminal 131 of the failed battery cell 133 inside the failed battery cell 133, or can be connected to the electrode of the failed battery cell 133 outside the failed battery cell 133 Terminal 131, and the conductive member 6 may be directly connected to the electrode terminal 131 of the failed battery cell 133, or when the electrode terminal 131 is connected to the connecting piece, the conductive member 6 may be connected to the connecting piece connected to the electrode terminal 131 Therefore, a short circuit between the positive terminal 131 a and the negative terminal 131 b of the failed battery cell 133 can be realized by the conductive member 6, so that the failed battery cell 133 is removed from the charge and discharge circuit of the battery module M.
  • the battery cell 13 involved in the embodiment of the present application may be a soft pack battery, a square battery or a cylindrical battery, etc.
  • the electrode terminal 131 (including the positive terminal 131a and the negative terminal 131b) of the battery cell 13 It can be the electrode terminal 131 of a soft pack battery, or the electrode terminal 131 of a square battery or a cylindrical battery.
  • the electrode terminal 131 It can also be a structure in which the pole and the transfer piece are connected.
  • the battery module M when one or several battery cells 13 fail during the operation of the battery module M, it is only necessary to connect the electrode terminals 131 of the failed battery cell 133 through the conductive member 6 without replacing the entire battery module M.
  • the battery module M when one or several battery cells 13 fail, the vehicle can be directly repaired in a 4S shop without the need to return the vehicle to the factory for processing, or to replace a new battery module M , Thereby improving the working efficiency of maintenance and the working efficiency (utilization rate) of the battery module M, and simplifying the maintenance process and maintenance cost.
  • the current passing through the failed battery unit 133 is relatively small, so that the battery capacity of the battery module M will not be greatly reduced, so that the battery module M can work normally.
  • the method of short-circuiting the failed battery cell 133 by the conductive member 6 has the advantages of convenient operation and high efficiency.
  • the point refers to the position where the height of the pressing plate 4 is the highest along the height direction Z (based on the same plane, for example, the bottom surface of the box 5 of the battery module M).
  • the pressing plate 4 includes a body portion 41 and a connecting portion 42, wherein the body portion 41 is a flat plate structure (the height of each part is the same), and the connecting portion 42 may include a first The connecting section 421, the second connecting section 422, and the transition section 423, wherein, along the width direction Y, the transition section 423 connects the first connecting section 421 and the second connecting section 422, the first connecting section 421 connects the body 41, and the second connecting section 421
  • the connecting section 422 is connected to the mounting beam 52.
  • the height of the first connecting section 421 is greater than the height of the second connecting section 422, and the transition section 423 extends along the height direction Z, so that the cross section of the connecting portion 42 is generally Z-shaped.
  • the connecting portion 42 of the structure can facilitate the connection with the mounting beam 52 and the body portion 41.
  • the first connecting section 421 of the connecting portion 42 overlaps the upper part of the main body 41. At this time, the highest point of the pressing plate 4 is the first connecting section 421. Therefore, in this embodiment, along the height direction Z, the conductive member 6 At least partly located between the second upper end surface 521 of the mounting beam 52 and the first connecting section 421 of the pressure plate 4, that is, located above the second upper end surface 521 (not necessarily in contact with the second upper end surface 521), the first connecting section 421 (Not necessarily in contact with the first connecting section 421), that is, there may be no connection relationship between the conductive component 6 and the mounting beam 52 and the pressure plate 4, or the conductive component 6 and the mounting beam 52 are connected and insulated by other components , The conductive component 6 and the first connecting section 421 are connected and insulated by other components.
  • the battery module M further includes a first connecting piece 2 and a second connecting piece 3, the first connecting piece 2 and the second connecting piece 3 and the electrode terminals of the battery cell 13 131 connection, the above-mentioned conductive member 6 is connected to the first connecting piece 2 and the second connecting piece 3 connected to the failed battery cell 133, that is, in this embodiment, the conductive member 6 can indirectly connect the two electrode terminals of the failed battery cell 133 131.
  • the first connecting piece 2 and the second connecting piece 3 is located between the mounting beam 52 and the highest point of the pressure plate 4.
  • the conductive member 6 when at least part of the first connecting piece 2 and the second connecting piece 3 connected to the electrode terminal 131 of the failed battery cell 133 is located above the second upper end surface 521 of the mounting beam 52, the conductive member 6 can be facilitated. Compared with the first connection piece 2 and the second connection piece 3, and compared with the conductive member 6 directly connected to the electrode terminal 131, when the conductive member 6 is connected to the connection piece, the connection area between the two is larger, which can improve both The over-current area between them reduces the risk of excessively high temperature at the connection location.
  • the connecting position of the conductive member 6 and the first connecting piece 2 is located between the mounting beam 52 and the pressure plate 4, and the connecting position of the conductive member 6 and the second connecting piece 3 is located on the mounting beam 52
  • the connection position between the conductive member 6 and the first connecting piece 2 and the second connecting piece 3 is located above the second upper end surface 521 of the mounting beam 52 between the highest point of the pressing plate 4 and the conductive member 6 to facilitate the realization of the conductive member 6 and the second upper end surface 521.
  • the battery cell 13 has a top cover 134, the electrode terminal 131 is disposed on the top cover 134, along the width direction Y, the top cover 134 and the mounting beam 52 There is a preset distance between them, and the preset distance is used to provide an electrical gap between the electrode terminal 131 of the battery cell 13 and the mounting beam 52, thereby avoiding electrical connection between the battery cell 13 and the mounting beam 52, and ensuring that the battery module M can be normal jobs.
  • the box body 5 when the pressure plate 4 is connected to the mounting beam 52, the box body 5, the mounting beam 52 and the pressure plate 4 enclose a receiving space 53, and the conductive component 6 is located in the receiving space 53, which can also facilitate the realization of the conductive component 6 and the first The connection between the connecting piece 2 and the second connecting piece 3.
  • the conductive member 6 is connected to the electrode terminal 131. Specifically, when the failed battery cell 133 is located in the uppermost battery cell arrangement structure 1, the conductive member 6 can be directly connected to the electrode terminal 131 of the failed battery cell 133. As shown in FIG. 14, since the positive terminal 131a of the failed battery cell 133 is connected to the first connecting piece 2, the negative terminal 131b is connected to the second connecting piece 3.
  • the conductive member 6 when the conductive member 6 is directly connected to the positive terminal 131a and the negative terminal 131b, along the width direction Y, at least part of the conductive member 6 is located between the two connecting pieces and the top cover plate 134 of the failed battery cell 133 Therefore, it can be connected to the positive terminal 131a and the negative terminal 131b.
  • the failed battery cell 133 When the failed battery cell 133 is located in the lower battery cell arrangement structure 1, the failed battery cell 133 is located below the second upper end surface 521 of the mounting beam 52, and the direct connection of the conductive member 6 and the failed battery cell 133 is not easy to achieve , And because the positive terminal 131a of the failed battery cell 133 is connected to the first connecting piece 2, the negative terminal 131b is connected to the second connecting piece 3. At the same time, the first connecting piece 2 is also connected to the upper battery cell 11, The second connecting piece 3 is also connected to the battery cell 11 located on the upper layer. Therefore, the conductive member 6 can also connect the electrode terminal 131 connected to the first connecting piece 2 and the electrode terminal 131 connected to the second connecting piece 3 located on the upper layer. , Thereby indirectly connecting the electrode terminal 131 of the failed battery cell 133.
  • the conductive member 6 and the electrode terminal 131 when they are connected, they can be connected by welding, of course, they can also be connected by other structures.
  • the conductive member 6 includes two mating grooves 61 spaced apart along the length direction X, and the distance between the two mating grooves 61 is greater than that between the two electrode terminals 131 connected to the conductive member 6 The distance is the same.
  • FIG. 14 when the conductive member 6 connects the positive terminal 131a and the negative terminal 131b of the failed battery cell 133, at least part of the two electrode terminals 131 are respectively located in the corresponding matching groove 61, thereby realizing the conductive member 6 and the negative terminal 131b.
  • the connection between the electrode terminals 131 when the conductive member 6 connects the positive terminal 131a and the negative terminal 131b of the failed battery cell 133, at least part of the two electrode terminals 131 are respectively located in the corresponding matching groove 61, thereby realizing the conductive member 6 and the negative terminal 131b. The connection between
  • the matching groove 61 has a downward opening, and also has a top wall 612 disposed opposite to the opening.
  • the matching groove 61 includes two opposite side walls 611.
  • the electrode terminal 131 abuts against the top wall 612, and the electrode terminal 131 also abuts against the two side walls 611, so that the electrode terminal 131 and the mating groove 61 61 is adapted to improve the reliability of the connection between the conductive component 6 and the electrode terminal 131.
  • the conductive component 6 and the corresponding electrode terminal 131 can also be connected by welding or by conductive glue.
  • the pressing plate 4 may include a body portion 41 and a connecting portion 42.
  • the body portion 41 is located at the end of the battery cell arrangement structure 1 along the height direction Z, and is connected to One end of the portion 42 is connected to the body portion 41, and the other end is detachably connected to the mounting beam 52, thereby realizing the connection between the pressure plate 4 and the mounting beam 52.
  • the connecting portion 42 of the pressure plate 4 and the mounting beam 52 may be directly connected, and a rubber pad may also be included between the two, that is, between the connecting portion 42 and the mounting beam 52
  • the rubber pad can be connected to each other. Therefore, when the battery module M vibrates, the rubber pad can cushion the vibration between the connecting portion 42 and the mounting beam 52, and improve the reliability of the connection between the pressure plate 4 and the mounting beam 52.
  • the connecting portion 42 of the pressing plate 4 when the connecting portion 42 of the pressing plate 4 is detachably connected to the mounting beam 52, not only the pressing plate 4 can be installed on the mounting beam 52, so as to improve the stability of the battery cell 13 in the accommodating cavity 51, but also to facilitate
  • the connecting portion 42 is removed from the mounting beam 52, so that at least part of the first connecting piece 2 and the second connecting piece 3 can be exposed from the mounting beam 52, so that the first connecting piece 2 and the second connecting piece 2 can be connected through the conductive member 6.
  • the connecting portion 42 detachably connected to the mounting beam 52 can be easily removed, thereby facilitating the realization of the conductive member 6 and the first connection The connection of the sheet 2 and the second connecting sheet 3.
  • the uppermost battery cell 13 has a first upper end surface 132, and the body portion 41 is connected to the first upper end surface 132.
  • the two can be specifically structured Adhesion, or the two can also be connected in other ways.
  • the mounting beam 52 has a second upper end surface 521, and the height of the first upper end surface 132 is greater than the height of the second upper end surface 521, that is, the first upper end surface 132 is located above the second upper end surface 521 .
  • the first connecting section 421 may be connected to the upper end surface of the body portion 41, thereby increasing the contact area between the two, and the first connecting section 421 may be overlapped with the upper end surface of the body portion 41.
  • the upper end, and the first connecting section 421 and the main body 41 can be fixedly connected by screws, or the two can also be connected by means of structural glue.
  • the second connecting section 422 is connected to the second upper part of the mounting beam 52.
  • the end surface 521 can be detachably connected, and the two can be specifically locked by bolts.
  • the connecting portion 42 may further include a pressing block 424, and the pressing block 424 is connected below the first connecting section 421, and the thickness of the pressing block 424 along the height direction Z is the same as that of the body part. 41 has the same thickness.
  • the pressing block 424 can abut the first upper end surface 132 of the battery cell 13, that is, the first connecting section 421 is connected to the main body 41 and the first upper end surface 132.
  • One upper end surface 132 is connected, and at the same time, the second connecting section 422 is detachably connected to the second upper end surface 521 of the mounting beam 52.
  • the reliability of the connection between the connecting portion 42 and the battery cell 13 and the main body portion 41 is relatively high.
  • the pressing plate 4 may include two connecting portions 42, and along the width direction Y, the two connecting portions 42 are connected to both ends of the body portion 41, so that both ends of the pressing plate 4 in the width direction Y are equal. Connect with the installation beam 52.
  • the first connecting section 421 is overlapped with the main body 41, and the overlap length between the two is 10mm ⁇ 200mm.
  • the overlap length can be 150mm, 180mm, etc., and when the overlap length between the two is larger At this time, the reliability of the connection between the connecting portion 42 and the main body portion 41 is high.
  • the body portion 41 does not exceed the battery cell arrangement structure 1, so that the body portion 41 will not affect
  • the conductive member 6 connects the first connecting piece 2 and the second connecting piece 3.
  • the width direction Y when the battery module M includes two rows of battery cell arrangement structure 1, along the width direction Y, one end of the main body 41 does not exceed one row of battery cells. In the arrangement structure 1, the other end does not exceed the battery cell arrangement structure 2 of the other row, that is, the width of the body portion 41 is smaller than the sum of the widths of the two rows of battery cell arrangement structures 1.
  • the battery module M includes a two-layer battery cell arrangement structure 1, specifically: a first battery cell arrangement structure 11 and a second battery cell arrangement structure 1.
  • Body arrangement structure 12, and along the height direction Z, the first battery cell arrangement structure 11 is located above the second battery cell arrangement structure 12, and the first connecting piece 2 is connected to the battery cells of the first battery cell arrangement structure 11
  • the body 13 and the battery cell 13 of the second battery cell arrangement structure 12, the second connecting piece 3 connects the battery cell 13 of the first battery cell arrangement structure 11 and the battery cell 13 of the second battery cell arrangement structure 12 That is, the battery cells 13 of the first battery cell arrangement structure 11 and the battery cells 13 of the second battery cell arrangement structure 12 are connected in series through the first connecting piece 2 and the second connecting piece 3. Therefore, the first A connecting piece 2 and a second connecting piece 3 are arranged obliquely along the height direction Z.
  • connection is such that in the first connecting piece 2 and the second connecting piece 3 connected to the battery cell 13 of the second battery cell arrangement structure 12 located in the lower layer, at least part of the two connecting pieces are located Above the second upper end surface 521 of the mounting beam 52, it can be connected by the conductive member 6. That is, the connection method enables the battery module M to include a two-layer battery cell arrangement structure 1, and a second battery cell arrangement structure 12 located on the lower layer When the battery cell 13 fails, the failed battery cell 133 (located in the lower layer) can also be connected through the conductive member 6, so that the maintenance of the failed battery cell 133 can be achieved without disassembling the battery cell arrangement structure 1.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a failure processing method for a failed battery cell 133, and the failure processing method includes the following steps:
  • the positive terminal 131a and the negative terminal 131b of the failed battery cell 133 are electrically connected through the conductive member 6, wherein the conductive member 6 can be directly connected to the positive terminal 131a and the negative terminal 131b, or indirectly connected to the positive terminal 131a and the negative terminal 131b (For example, the first connecting piece 2 and the second connecting piece 3 are connected).
  • the conductive member 6 may be a metal sheet or the like, so as to realize a short circuit between the positive terminal 131a and the negative terminal 131b, and the cross-sectional area of the conductive member 6 should be able to meet the overcurrent requirement of the battery module M, thereby avoiding electrical conduction.
  • the temperature of component 6 is too high.
  • the pressing plate 4 may include a body portion 41 and a connecting portion 42, the body portion 41 is connected to the connecting portion 42, and in the pressing plate 4, the body portion 41 is connected to the battery cell arrangement structure 1, and the connecting portion 42 Connected to the installation beam, therefore, the above step S1 may specifically be:
  • the connecting portion 42 is detachably connected to the mounting beam 52 and the body portion 41.
  • the entire pressing plate 4 does not need to be disassembled, and the failed battery cell 133 can be removed only by disassembling the connecting portion 42. At least part of the exposed, thus facilitating maintenance.
  • the two electrode terminals 131 of the failed battery cell 133 are respectively connected to the first connecting piece 2 and the second connecting piece 3. Therefore, the foregoing step S2 may specifically be:
  • the conductive member 6 indirectly connects the two electrode terminals 131 of the failed battery cell 133, thereby realizing a short circuit of the failed battery cell 133, and when the conductive member 6 is connected to the two connecting pieces, the connection area between the two is relatively large. Large, thereby increasing the overcurrent area, and reducing the risk of excessively high temperature at the connecting position of the conductive component 6 and the connecting piece.
  • the conductive component 6 and the two connecting pieces may be connected by welding, or may also be connected by bonding, riveting and other methods.
  • the failure processing method may further include:
  • this step S3 may specifically be:
  • the maintenance of the failed battery cell 133 can be completed, and in the battery module M, the battery cell arrangement structure 1 can also be installed through the pressing plate 4 and Beam 52 is limited.

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Abstract

一种电池模块（M）、压板（D）及失效电池单体（133）的失效处理方法，电池模块（M）包括：电池单体排列结构（1），包括沿长度方向（X）排列的多个电池单体（13），电池单体（13）包括电极端子（131），电极端子（131）沿长度方向（X）布置，并朝向宽度方向（Y），电池单体（13）包括失效电池单体（133）；箱体（5），具有容纳腔（51），电池单体排列结构（1）位于容纳腔（51）；安装梁（52），位于容纳腔（51），并位于电池单体排列结构（1）沿宽度方向（Y）的端部；压板（4），至少部分位于电池单体排列结构（1）沿高度方向（Z）的端部，且压板（4）与安装梁（52）可拆卸连接；导电部件（6），连接失效电池单体（133）的正极端子（131a）和负极端子（131b）；其中，沿高度方向（Z），导电部件（6）的至少部分位于安装梁（52）与压板（4）之间。导电部件（6）与失效的电池单体（13）的电极端子（131）之间的连接操作便于实现，从而能够简化维护流程降低维护成本。

Description

电池模块、装置及失效电池单体的失效处理方法
交叉引用
本申请引用于2019年11月29日递交的名称为“电池模块、装置及失效电池单体的失效处理方法”的第201911205489.5号中国专利申请，其通过引用被全部并入本申请。
技术领域
本申请涉及储能器件技术领域，尤其涉及一种电池模块、装置及失效电池单体的失效处理方法。
背景技术
电池模块包括多个相互堆叠的电池单体，且多个电池单体电连接，从而实现电池模块电能的输出，为用电设备供电。电池单体充放电过程中，存在故障的风险，且当某一电池单体发生故障时，导致电池模块的整个电路发生故障，从而导致电池模块无法正常工作。目前，电池单体发生故障时，通常采用更换整个电池模块的方式解决，但是，该电池模块的某一电池单体故障时，其他电池单体仍然能够正常工作，直接更换整个电池模块的方式造成资源的浪费，且电池模块拆装所需的时间较长，降低工作效率。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种电池模块、装置及失效电池单体的失效处理方法，能够简化电池模块的维护流程，降低维护成本，并提高电池模块的工作效率(利用率)。
本申请实施例第一方面提供一种电池模块，所述电池模块包括：电池 单体排列结构，包括沿所述电池模块的长度方向排列的多个电池单体，所述电池单体包括电极端子，所述电极端子沿长度方向布置，并朝向所述电池模块的宽度方向，所述电池单体包括失效电池单体；箱体，所述箱体具有容纳腔，所述电池单体排列结构位于所述容纳腔；安装梁，所述安装梁位于所述容纳腔，并位于所述电池单体排列结构沿宽度方向的端部，沿所述电池模块的高度方向，所述安装梁具有第二上端面；压板，所述压板的至少部分位于所述电池单体排列结构沿高度方向的端部，且所述压板与所述安装梁可拆卸连接；导电部件，所述导电部件连接所述失效电池单体的正极端子和负极端子；其中，沿高度方向，所述导电部件的至少部分位于所述第二上端面与所述压板的最高点之间。
因此，当电池模块工作过程中存在某一个或某几个电池单体失效时，仅需通过导电部件将失效电池单体的电极端子连接即可，无需维修或更换整个电池模块。同时，经过上述处理后，经过失效电池单体的电流较小，从而不会导致该电池模块电池容量的大幅度降低，使得电池模块能够正常工作。
同时，该导电部件的至少部分位于安装梁的上方时，使得导电部件与失效电池单体的电极端子的连接操作便于实现，即无需将安装梁拆除，也无需将电池单体排列结构从容纳腔中取出，从而能够进一步简化维护流程降低维护成本。
在一种可能的设计中，所述压板包括本体部和连接部，所述本体部位于所述电池单体排列结构沿高度方向的端部；所述连接部的一端与所述本体部连接，另一端与所述安装梁可拆卸连接。
压板的连接部与安装梁可拆卸连接时，不仅能够将压板安装于安装梁，以便提高电池单体在容纳腔中的稳定性，同时，还能够便于将连接部从安装梁上拆下，以便进行导电部件的连接。
在一种可能的设计中，沿高度方向，最上层的所述电池单体具有第一 上端面，所述本体部与所述第一上端面连接；所述第一上端面的高度大于所述第二上端面的高度；所述连接部包括第一连接段、第二连接段和过渡段，所述过渡段连接所述第一连接段和所述第二连接段；所述第一连接段与所述本体部连接，或者，所述第一连接段与所述本体部和所述第一上端面连接；所述第二连接段与所述第二上端面可拆卸连接。
通过上述连接方式，连接部与电池单体和本体部的连接可靠性较高。
在一种可能的设计中，所述电池单体具有顶盖板，所述电极端子设置于所述顶盖板；沿宽度方向，所述顶盖板与所述安装梁之间具有预设距离；所述压板与所述安装梁连接时，所述箱体、所述安装梁与所述压板围成容纳空间，所述导电部件位于所述容纳空间。
顶盖板与安装梁之间的预设距离，用于提供电池单体的电极端子与安装梁之间的电气间隙，从而避免电池单体与安装梁电连接，保证电池模块能够正常工作。同时，箱体、安装梁与压板围成容纳空间，能够便于实现导电部件的连接。
在一种可能的设计中，所述本体部与所述第一上端面粘接；所述第一连接段与所述本体部搭接，且二者的搭接长度为10毫米(mm)～200毫米(mm)。
通过设置搭接长度范围，当搭接长度较大时，连接部与本体部之间的连接可靠性较高。
在一种可能的设计中，沿宽度方向，所述电池模块包括一排所述电池单体排列结构，沿宽度方向，所述本体部不超出所述电池单体排列结构，或者；沿宽度方向，所述电池模块包括两排所述电池单体排列结构，且两排所述电池单体排列结构的电极端子相互背离，沿宽度方向，所述本体部的一端不超出一排所述电池单体排列结构，另一端不超出另一排所述电池单体排列结构。
这样，在连接导电部件时，即使不拆除本体部，该本体部也不会影响 导电部件的连接操作。
在一种可能的设计中，所述电池模块还包括第一连接片和第二连接片，所述第一连接片和所述第二连接片与所述电池单体的电极端子连接；所述导电部件连接与所述失效电池单体连接的第一连接片和第二连接片；沿所述高度方向，所述第一连接片和所述第二连接片的至少部分位于所述第二上端面与所述压板的最高点之间。
当与失效电池单体的电极端子连接的第一连接片和第二连接片的至少部分位于安装梁的第二上端面上方时，能够便于导电部件与该第一连接片和第二连接片连接，且与导电部件直接连接电极端子相比，导电部件与连接片连接时，二者的连接面积较大，从而能够提高二者之间的过流面积，降低连接位置温度过高的风险。
在一种可能的设计中，沿所述高度方向，所述导电部件与所述第一连接片的连接位置位于所述第二上端面与所述压板之间，所述导电部件与所述第二连接片的连接位置位于所述第二上端面与所述压板的最高点之间。
导电部件与第一连接片和第二连接片的连接位置位于安装梁的第二上端面的上方，从而能够便于实现导电部件与第一连接片和第二连接片之间的连接。
在一种可能的设计中，所述电池单体排列结构包括第一电池单体排列结构和第二电池单体排列结构，沿高度方向，所述第一电池单体排列结构位于所述第二电池单体排列结构的上方；所述第一连接片连接所述第一电池单体排列结构的电池单体和所述第二电池单体排列结构的电池单体，所述第二连接片连接所述第一电池单体排列结构的电池单体和所述第二电池单体排列结构的电池单体。
该连接方式使得与位于下层的第二电池单体排列结构的电池单体连接的第一连接片和第二连接片中，两个连接片的至少部分均位于安装梁的第二 上端面的上方，从而能够通过导电部件连接，即该连接方式使得电池模块包括两层电池单体排列结构，且位于下层的第二电池单体排列结构的电池单体失效时，也能够通过导电部件连接该失效电池单体(位于下层)，从而无需拆卸电池单体排列结构也能够实现失效电池单体的维护。
本申请实施例的第二方面提供一种装置，使用电池单体作为电源，所述装置包括：动力源，所述动力源用于为所述装置提供驱动力；和，被配置为向所述动力源提供电能的如以上所述的电池模块。
该装置在电池模块工作过程中存在某一个或某几个电池单体失效时，仅需通过导电部件将失效电池单体的电极端子连接即可，无需维修或更换整个电池模块，当该装置为车辆时，使得该车辆能够在4S店直接维修，无需整车返厂处理，或者无需更换新的电池模块，从而提高电池模块的工作效率，并简化维护流程和降低维护成本。
本申请实施例第三方面提供一种失效电池单体的失效处理方法，电池单体排列结构包括多个电池单体，所述电池单体包括失效电池单体，所述失效电池单体包括正极端子和负极端子，所述电池单体排列结构沿宽度方向的端部设置有安装梁，所述电池单体排列结构沿高度方向的端部设置有压板；所述失效处理方法包括：将所述压板的至少部分从所述安装梁拆下；将所述失效电池单体的正极端子和负极端子通过所述导电部件电连接。
通过上述方法，当电池模块工作过程中存在某一个或某几个电池单体失效时，仅需通过导电部件将失效电池单体的电极端子连接即可，无需维修或更换整个电池模块。
在一种可能的设计中，所述压板包括本体部和连接部，将所述压板的至少部分从所述安装梁拆下时，所述失效处理方法包括：将所述连接部从所述安装梁拆下。
当维护失效电池单体时，无需拆卸整个压板，仅通过拆卸连接部即可 将失效电池单体的至少部分露出，从而便于实现维护。
在一种可能的设计中，所述失效电池单体的两个电极端子分别与第一连接片和第二连接片连接，将所述失效电池单体的正极端子和负极端子通过所述导电部件电连接时，所述失效处理方法包括：将与所述失效电池单体连接的所述第一连接片和所述第二连接片通过所述导电部件电连接。
导电部件间接连接失效电池单体的两个电极端子，从而实现失效电池单体的短路，且导电部件与两个连接片连接时，二者的连接面积较大，从而提高过流面积，降低导电部件与连接片连接位置温度过高的风险。
在一种可能的设计中，将所述失效电池单体的正极端子和负极端子通过所述导电部件电连接之后，所述失效处理方法还包括：将从所述安装梁拆下的所述压板的至少部分安装于所述安装梁。
将拆下的连接部重新安装于安装梁后，即可完成失效电池单体的维护，且该电池模块中，电池单体排列结构还可以通过压板和安装梁限位。
应当理解的是，以上的一般描述和后文的细节描述仅是示例性的，并不能限制本申请。
附图说明
图1为本申请所提供装置一种具体实施例中的结构示意图；
图2为图1中的电池模块在一种具体实施例中的结构示意图，其中，压板与安装梁连接；
图3为图2中Ⅰ部分的局部放大图；
图4为图2的爆炸图；
图5图2去掉压板的连接部的结构示意图；
图6为图5中通过导电部件连接第一连接片和第二连接片的结构示意图；
图7为图6中Ⅱ部分的局部放大图；
图8为图2的爆炸图，其中，导电部件连接第一连接片和第二连接片；
图9为图8中Ⅲ部分的局部放大图；
图10为图3的剖视图；
图11为图10中Ⅳ部分在第一种具体实施例中的局部放大图；
图12为图10中Ⅳ部分在第二种具体实施例中的局部放大图；
图13为图2中电池模块中的电池单体排列结构在另一种具体实施例中的结构示意图；
图14为图13中Ⅴ部分的局部放大图；
图15为图13中Ⅵ部分的局部放大图；
图16为导电部件的结构示意图。
附图标记：
D-装置；
M-电池模块；
1-电池单体排列结构；
11-第一电池单体排列结构；
12-第二电池单体排列结构；
13-电池单体；
131-电极端子；
131a-正极端子；
131b-负极端子；
132-第一上端面；
133-失效电池单体；
134-顶盖板；
2-第一连接片；
3-第二连接片；
4-压板；
41-本体部；
42-连接部；
421-第一连接段；
422-第二连接段；
423-过渡段；
424-压块；
5-箱体；
51-容纳腔；
52-安装梁；
521-第二上端面；
53-容纳空间；
6-导电部件；
61-配合槽；
611-侧壁；
612-顶壁。
此处的附图被并入说明书中并构成本说明书的一部分，示出了符合本申请的实施例，并与说明书一起用于解释本申请的原理。
具体实施方式
为了更好的理解本申请的技术方案，下面结合附图对本申请实施例进行详细描述。
应当明确，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
在本申请实施例中使用的术语是仅仅出于描述特定实施例的目的，而 非旨在限制本申请。在本申请实施例和所附权利要求书中所使用的单数形式的“一种”、“所述”和“该”也旨在包括多数形式，除非上下文清楚地表示其他含义。
应当理解，本文中使用的术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
需要注意的是，本申请实施例所描述的“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等方位词是以附图所示的角度来进行描述的，不应理解为对本申请实施例的限定。此外，在上下文中，还需要理解的是，当提到一个元件连接在另一个元件“上”或者“下”时，其不仅能够直接连接在另一个元件“上”或者“下”，也可以通过中间元件间接连接在另一个元件“上”或者“下”。
本申请实施例提供一种使用电池单体13作为电源的装置D和电池模块M，其中，使用电池单体1作为电源的装置D包括车辆、船舶、小型飞机等移动设备，该装置D包括动力源，该动力源用于为装置D提供驱动力，且该动力源可被配置为向装置D提供电能的电池模块M。其中，该装置D的驱动力可全部为电能，也可包括电能和其他能源(例如机械能)，该动力源可为电池模块M，该动力源也可为电池模块M和发动机等。因此，只要能够使用电池单体13作为电源的装置D均在本申请的保护范围内。
如图1所示，以车辆为例，本申请实施例中的装置D可为新能源汽车，该新能源汽车可为纯电动汽车，也可为混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。其中，该车辆可包括电池模块M和车辆主体，该电池模块M设置于车辆主体，该车辆主体还设置有驱动电机，且驱动电机与电池模块M电连接，由电池模块M提供电能，驱动电机通过传动机构与车辆主体上的车轮连接，从而驱动车辆行进。具体地，该电池模块M可水平设置车辆主体的底部。
如图2所示，电池模块M可以包括箱体5(图2所示的箱体5为省略上盖的结构)，且该箱体5具有容纳腔51，该容纳腔51用于放置电池单体13(见图4)，且多个电池单体13堆叠于容纳腔51内。其中，箱体5的类型不受限制，可为框状箱体、盘状箱体或盒状箱体等。具体地，如图2所示的实施例中，该箱体5可以为长方体结构的箱体5。
更具体地，如图4所示，该电池模块M包括一个或多个电池单体排列结构1(见图10)，该电池单体排列结构1包括沿长度方向X排列的多个电池单体13，即该电池单体排列结构1中，各电池单体13的电极端子131沿长度方向X布置，并朝向宽度方向Y。宽度方向Y指的是电池模块M的宽度方向Y。同时，该电池模块M中，沿宽度方向Y，可以包括一个电池单体排列结构1，也可以包括两个电池单体排列结构1。当电池模块M包括两个电池单体排列结构1时，两个电池单体排列结构1中电池单体13的电极端子131相互背离，二者的底部相互靠近。即其中一个电池单体排列结构1中电池单体13的电极端子131朝向宽度方向Y中的一个方向，另一个电池单体排列结构1中电池单体13的电极端子131朝向宽度方向Y的另一个方向，并且，两个电池单体排列结构1沿宽度方向Y相互靠近或抵接。
另外，该电池模块M中，沿高度方向Z，可以包括一层电池单体排列结构1，也可以包括两层电池单体排列结构1，其中，每一层均可以包括沿宽度方向Y布置的两个电池单体排列结构1。如图4所示的实施例中，该电池模块M包括两层电池单体排列结构1，分别为第一电池单体排列结构11和第二电池单体排列结构12，二者沿高度方向Z相互堆叠。
同时，各电池单体13均包括正极端子131a和负极端子131b(见图9)，在电池模块M中，多个电池单体13之间电连接，形成电池模块M的电路，各电池单体13之间具体可采用串联和/或并联等连接方式，且电池单体13之间通过连接片(第一连接片2和第二连接片3)连接，例如，当电池单体13 串联时，一电池单体13的正极端子131a和另一电池单体13的负极端子131b通过连接片连接。
该电池模块M工作过程中，各电池单体13不断充放电，且充放电过程中，电池单体13存在故障(例如热失控)的风险，导致该电池单体13无法正常工作，此时，发生故障而失效的电池单体13，即失效电池单体133(见图7)，导致该电池模块M的电路故障，无法正常供电。为了解决该技术问题，本申请通过将失效电池单体133短接，并重新形成电路来解决该技术问题。
具体地，如图4～6所示，该电池模块M的箱体5还包括安装梁52，该安装梁52位于箱体5的容纳腔51内，并位于电池单体排列结构1沿宽度方向Y的端部，即上述电池单体排列结构1的电极端子131朝向该安装梁52。同时，该电池模块M还可以包括压板4，该压板4的至少部分位于电池单体排列结构1沿高度方向Z的端部，且该压板4与安装梁52可拆卸连接，二者连接后，该压板4能够用于对电池单体排列结构1提供沿高度方向Z的限位，从而提高其在容纳腔51内的稳定性。
同时，该电池模块M还可以包括导电部件6，在电池单体13发生故障，从而产生失效电池单体133时，该导电部件6用于直接或间接连接失效电池单体133的正极端子131a和负极端子131b，其中，该导电部件6可以在失效电池单体133的内部连接该失效电池单体133的电极端子131，也可以在失效电池单体133的外侧连接该失效电池单体133的电极端子131，且该导电部件6可以与失效电池单体133的电极端子131直接连接，或者，当该电极端子131与连接片连接时，该导电部件6可以和与电极端子131连接的连接片连接，从而能够通过导电部件6实现失效电池单体133的正极端子131a和负极端子131b之间的短路，使得该失效电池单体133从电池模块M的充放电电路中去除。
另外，本申请实施例涉及的电池单体13可以为软包电池，也可以为方形电池或者圆柱电池等，相应地，该电池单体13的电极端子131(包括正极端子131a和负极端子131b)可以为软包电池的电极端子131，也可以为方形电池和圆柱电池的电极端子131，同时，当该电池单体13的极柱与极耳之间通过转接片连接时，该电极端子131还可以为极柱和转接片连接的结构。
因此，当电池模块M工作过程中存在某一个或某几个电池单体13失效时，仅需通过导电部件6将失效电池单体133的电极端子131连接即可，无需更换整个电池模块M。当该电池模块M应用于车辆时，当存在某一个或某几个电池单体13失效时，使得该车辆能够在4S店直接维修，无需整车返厂处理，或者无需更换新的电池模块M，从而提高维修的工作效率和电池模块M的工作效率(利用率)，并简化维护流程和维护成本。同时，经过上述处理后，经过失效电池单元133的电流较小，从而不会导致该电池模块M电池容量的大幅度降低，使得电池模块M能够正常工作。
另外，对于电池单体13通过结构胶粘贴于箱体5的容纳腔51内的结构，当某一电池单体13失效时，将该失效电池单体133从容纳腔51内拆出的操作不易实现，因此，本实施例中，采用导电部件6将失效电池单体133短路的处理方式具有操作方便和效率高的优点。
同时，对于如图6和图7所示的电池模块M，沿电池模块M的高度方向Z，导电部件6的至少部分位于安装梁52与压板4的最高点之间，其中，压板4的最高点指的是：沿高度方向Z，压板4各处高度最高的位置(以同一平面为基准，例如，以电池模块M的箱体5的底面为基准)。
以图4图、11和图12所示的实施例为例，压板4包括本体部41和连接部42，其中，本体部41为平板结构(各处高度相同)，连接部42可以包括第一连接段421、第二连接段422和过渡段423，其中，沿宽度方向Y，该过渡段423连接第一连接段421和第二连接段422，第一连接段421连接本体 部41，第二连接段422连接安装梁52，因此，第一连接段421的高度大于第二连接段422的高度，过渡段423沿高度方向Z延伸，从而使得该连接部42的截面大体呈Z字型，该结构的连接部42能够便于实现与安装梁52和本体部41的连接。
连接部42的第一连接段421搭接于本体部41的上方，此时，该压板4的最高点为第一连接段421，因此，本实施例中，沿高度方向Z，导电部件6的至少部分位于安装梁52的第二上端面521与压板4的第一连接段421之间，即位于第二上端面521的上方(并非必须与第二上端面521接触)、第一连接段421的下方(并非必须与第一连接段421接触)，即该导电部件6与安装梁52和压板4之间可以无连接关系，或者，导电部件6与安装梁52之间通过其他部件连接并绝缘，导电部件6与第一连接段421之间通过其他部件连接并绝缘。
本实施例中，该导电部件6的至少部分位于第二上端面521的上方时，使得导电部件6与失效电池单体133的电极端子131的连接和拆卸操作便于实现，即无需将安装梁52拆除，也无需将电池单体排列结构1从容纳腔51中取出，从而能够进一简化维护流程和维护成本。
具体地，如图6和图7所示，该电池模块M还包括第一连接片2和第二连接片3，该第一连接片2和第二连接片3与电池单体13的电极端子131连接，上述导电部件6连接与失效电池单体133连接的第一连接片2和第二连接片3，即本实施例中，导电部件6能够间接连接失效电池单体133的两个电极端子131。同时，连接后，沿高度方向Z，该第一连接片2和第二连接片3的至少部分位于安装梁52与压板4的最高点之间。
本实施例中，当与失效电池单体133的电极端子131连接的第一连接片2和第二连接片3的至少部分位于安装梁52的第二上端面521上方时，能够便于导电部件6与该第一连接片2和第二连接片3连接，且与导电部件6 直接连接电极端子131相比，导电部件6与连接片连接时，二者的连接面积较大，从而能够提高二者之间的过流面积，降低连接位置温度过高的风险。
更具体地，沿高度方向Z，该导电部件6与第一连接片2的连接位置位于安装梁52与压板4之间，导电部件6与所述第二连接片3的连接位置位于安装梁52与压板4的最高点之间，即导电部件6与第一连接片2和第二连接片3的连接位置位于安装梁52的第二上端面521的上方，从而能够便于实现导电部件6与第一连接片2和第二连接片3之间的连接。
如图9、图11和图12所示，该电池单体13具有顶盖板134，上述电极端子131设置于该顶盖板134，沿宽度方向Y，该顶盖板134与安装梁52之间具有预设距离，该预设距离用于提供电池单体13的电极端子131与安装梁52之间的电气间隙，从而避免电池单体13与安装梁52电连接，保证电池模块M能够正常工作。
同时，压板4与安装梁52连接时，箱体5、安装梁52与压板4围成容纳空间53，导电部件6位于该容纳空间53，该容纳空间53也能够便于实现导电部件6与第一连接片2和第二连接片3之间的连接。
在另一种具体实施例中，如图13～15所示，该导电部件6与电极端子131连接，具体地，当失效电池单体133位于最上层电池单体排列结构1时，该导电部件6能够与该失效电池单体133的电极端子131直接连接，如图14所示，由于该失效电池单体133的正极端子131a与第一连接片2连接，负极端子131b与第二连接片3连接，因此，当导电部件6直接与正极端子131a和负极端子131b连接时，沿宽度方向Y，导电部件6的至少部分位于两个连接片与该失效电池单体133的顶盖板134之间，从而能够与正极端子131a和负极端子131b连接。
当失效电池单体133位于下层的电池单体排列结构1时，该失效电池单体133位于安装梁52的第二上端面521的下方，导电部件6与该失效电池 单体133直接连接不易实现，而由于该失效电池单体133的正极端子131a与第一连接片2连接，负极端子131b与第二连接片3连接，同时，该第一连接片2还连接位于上层的电池单体11，第二连接片3还连接位于上层的电池单体11，因此，导电部件6还可以连接位于上层的、与第一连接片2连接的电极端子131和与第二连接片3连接的电极端子131，从而间接连接失效电池单体133的电极端子131。
具体地，当导电部件6与电极端子131连接时，二者可以焊接连接，当然，还可以通过其他结构连接。例如，如图16所示，该导电部件6包括沿长度方向X间隔设置的两个配合槽61，两个配合槽61之间的距离与该导电部件6连接的两个电极端子131之间的距离相同。以图14为例，该导电部件6连接该失效电池单体133的正极端子131a与负极端子131b时，两个电极端子131的至少部分分别位于对应的配合槽61内，从而实现导电部件6与电极端子131之间的连接。
更具体地，沿高度方向Z，该配合槽61具有向下的开口，还具有与该开口相对设置的顶壁612，同时，沿长度方向X，该配合槽61包括相对设置的两侧壁611，当电极端子131的至少部分位于该配合槽61内时，该电极端子131与顶壁612抵接，且该电极端子131还与两个侧壁611抵接，从而使得电极端子131与配合槽61相适配，提高导电部件6与电极端子131之间的连接可靠性。
另外，该导电部件6与对应的电极端子131之间还可以焊接连接，或者通过导电胶连接。
在一种具体实施例中，如图3和图11所示，该压板4可以包括本体部41和连接部42，该本体部41位于电池单体排列结构1沿高度方向Z的端部，连接部42的一端与本体部41连接，另一端与安装梁52可拆卸连接，从而实现压板4与安装梁52之间的连接。
需要说明的是，本实施例中，沿高度方向Z，压板4的连接部42与安装梁52之间可以直接连接，二者之间也可以包括橡胶垫，即连接部42与安装梁52之间可以通过橡胶垫连接，因此，当电池模块M存在震动时，该橡胶垫能够缓冲连接部42与安装梁52之间的震动，提高压板4与安装梁52之间的连接可靠性。
另外，当该压板4的连接部42与安装梁52可拆卸连接时，不仅能够将压板4安装于安装梁52，以便提高电池单体13在容纳腔51中的稳定性，同时，还能够便于将连接部42从安装梁52上拆下，从而能够将第一连接片2和第二连接片3的至少部分从安装梁52露出，以便进行通过导电部件6连接第一连接片2和第二连接片3。同时，当压板4的本体部41与电池单体13之间固定连接(例如粘连)时，与安装梁52可拆卸连接的连接部42能够便于拆卸，从而能够便于实现导电部件6与第一连接片2和第二连接片3的连接。
具体地，如图11和图12所示，沿高度方向Z，最上层的电池单体13具有第一上端面132，且该本体部41与第一上端面132连接，二者具体可以通过结构胶粘连，或者，二者也可以通过其他方式连接。同时，沿高度方向Z，安装梁52具有第二上端面521，且该第一上端面132的高度大于第二上端面521的高度，即该第一上端面132位于第二上端面521的上方。
如图11所示的实施例中，该第一连接段421可以与本体部41的上端面连接，从而提高二者之间的接触面积，该第一连接段421可以搭接于本体部41的上端，且该第一连接段421与本体部41之间可以通过螺钉固定连接，或者，二者也可以通过结构胶等方式连接，同时，该第二连接段422与安装梁52的第二上端面521可拆卸连接，二者具体可以通过螺栓锁定。
如图12所示的实施例中，该连接部42还可以包括压块424，且该压块424连接于第一连接段421的下方，且该压块424沿高度方向Z的厚度与本体部41的厚度相同，当第一连接段421搭接于本体部41时，压块424能够抵 接于电池单体13的第一上端面132，即该第一连接段421与本体部41和第一上端面132均连接，同时，第二连接段422与安装梁52的第二上端面521可拆卸连接。该实施例中，连接部42与电池单体13和本体部41的连接可靠性较高。
以上各实施例中，该压板4可以包括两个连接部42，且沿宽度方向Y，两个连接部42连接于本体部41的两端，从而使得该压板4沿宽度方向Y的两端均与安装梁52连接。
其中，该第一连接段421与本体部41搭接，且二者的搭接长度为10mm～200mm，例如，该搭接长度可以为150mm、180mm等，且当二者的搭接长度较大时，连接部42与本体部41之间的连接可靠性较高。
另一方面，沿宽度方向Y，该电池模块M包括一排电池单体排列结构1时，沿宽度方向Y，该本体部41不超出电池单体排列结构1，从而使得本体部41不会影响导电部件6连接第一连接片2和第二连接片3。或者，如图10所示的实施例中，沿宽度方向Y，该电池模块M包括两排电池单体排列结构1时，沿宽度方向Y，该本体部41的一端不超出一排电池单体排列结构1，另一端不超出另一排电池单体排列结构2，即该本体部41的宽度小于两排电池单体排列结构1的宽度之和。
本实施例中，该压板4中，即使不拆除本体部41，该本体部41也不会影响导电部件6与第一连接片2和第二连接片3的连接操作。
另外，如图8和图9所示的实施例中，沿高度方向Z，该电池模块M包括两层电池单体排列结构1，具体为：第一电池单体排列结构11和第二电池单体排列结构12，且沿高度方向Z，该第一电池单体排列结构11位于第二电池单体排列结构12的上方，上述第一连接片2连接第一电池单体排列结构11的电池单体13和第二电池单体排列结构12的电池单体13，第二连接片3连接第一电池单体排列结构11的电池单体13和第二电池单体排列结构12的 电池单体13，即该第一电池单体排列结构11的电池单体13与第二电池单体排列结构12的电池单体13之间通过第一连接片2和第二连接片3串联，因此，该第一连接片2与第二连接片3沿高度方向Z倾斜设置。
本实施例中，该连接方式使得与位于下层的第二电池单体排列结构12的电池单体13连接的第一连接片2和第二连接片3中，两个连接片的至少部分均位于安装梁52的第二上端面521的上方，从而能够通过导电部件6连接，即该连接方式使得电池模块M包括两层电池单体排列结构1，且位于下层的第二电池单体排列结构12的电池单体13失效时，也能够通过导电部件6连接该失效电池单体133(位于下层)，从而无需拆卸电池单体排列结构1也能够实现失效电池单体133的维护。
另外，本申请实施例还提供一种失效电池单体133的失效处理方法，该失效处理方法包括下述步骤：
S1：将压板4的至少部分从安装梁52拆下。
该步骤中，将压板4的至少部分拆下后，能够将失效电池单体131的至少部分裸露出，从而能够便于对失效电池单体131进行相应操作。
S2：将失效电池单体133的正极端子131a和负极端子131b通过导电部件6电连接，其中，导电部件6可以直接连接正极端子131a和负极端子131b，也可以间接连接正极端子131a和负极端子131b(例如通过第一连接片2和第二连接片3连接)。
其中，导电部件6具体可以为金属片等结构，从而能够实现正极端子131a和负极端子131b之间的短路，且该导电部件6的截面积应能够满足电池模块M的过流要求，从而避免导电部件6温度过高。
具体地，如上所述，压板4可以包括本体部41和连接部42，该本体部41与连接部42连接，且该压板4中，本体部41与电池单体排列结构1连接，连接部42与安装梁连接，因此，上述步骤S1具体可以为：
S11：将连接部42从安装梁52拆下。
本实施例中，该连接部42与安装梁52和本体部41可拆卸连接，当维护失效电池单体133时，无需拆卸整个压板4，仅通过拆卸连接部42即可将失效电池单体133的至少部分露出，从而便于实现维护。
更具体地，该失效电池单体133的两个电极端子131分别与第一连接片2和第二连接片3连接，因此，上述步骤S2具体可以为：
S21：将与所失效电池单体133连接的第一连接片2和第二连接片3通过导电部件6电连接。
本实施例中，导电部件6间接连接失效电池单体133的两个电极端子131，从而实现失效电池单体133的短路，且导电部件6与两个连接片连接时，二者的连接面积较大，从而提高过流面积，降低导电部件6与连接片连接位置温度过高的风险。
另外，导电部件6与两个连接片之间具体可以采用焊接的方式连接，或者，还可以采用键合、铆接等其他方式连接。
更具体地，上述步骤2之后，该失效处理方法还可以包括：
S3：将从安装梁52拆下的压板4的至少部分安装于安装梁52。
当步骤S1中从安装梁52拆下的压板4的至少部分为连接部42时，该步骤S3具体可以为：
S31：将从安装梁52拆下的连接部42安装于安装梁52。
该步骤中，将拆下的连接部42重新安装于安装梁52后，即可完成失效电池单体133的维护，且该电池模块M中，电池单体排列结构1还可以通过压板4和安装梁52限位。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保 护范围之内。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种电池模块(M)，其中，所述电池模块(M)包括：
    电池单体排列结构(1)，包括沿所述电池模块(M)的长度方向(X)排列的多个电池单体(13)，所述电池单体(13)包括电极端子(131)，所述电极端子(131)沿长度方向(X)布置，并朝向所述电池模块(M)的宽度方向(Y)，所述电池单体(13)包括失效电池单体(133)；
    箱体(5)，所述箱体(5)具有容纳腔(51)，所述电池单体排列结构(1)位于所述容纳腔(51)；
    安装梁(52)，所述安装梁(52)位于所述容纳腔(51)，并位于所述电池单体排列结构(1)沿宽度方向(Y)的端部，沿所述电池模块(M)的高度方向(Z)，所述安装梁(52)具有第二上端面(521)；
    压板(4)，所述压板(4)的至少部分位于所述电池单体排列结构(1)沿高度方向(Z)的端部，且所述压板(4)与所述安装梁(52)可拆卸连接；
    导电部件(6)，所述导电部件(6)连接所述失效电池单体(133)的正极端子(131a)和负极端子(131b)；
    其中，沿高度方向(Z)，所述导电部件(6)的至少部分位于所述第二上端面(521)与所述压板(4)的最高点之间。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池模块(M)，其中，所述压板(4)包括本体部(41)和连接部(42)，所述本体部(41)位于所述电池单体排列结构(1)沿高度方向(Z)的端部；
    所述连接部(42)的一端与所述本体部(41)连接，另一端与所述安装梁(52)可拆卸连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池模块(M)，其中，沿高度方向(Z)，最上层的所述电池单体(13)具有第一上端面(132)，所述本体部(41)与所述第 一上端面(132)连接；
    所述第一上端面(132)的高度大于所述第二上端面(521)的高度；
    所述连接部(42)包括第一连接段(421)、第二连接段(422)和过渡段(423)，所述过渡段(423)连接所述第一连接段(421)和所述第二连接段(422)；
    所述第一连接段(421)与所述本体部(41)连接，或者，所述第一连接段(421)与所述本体部(41)和所述第一上端面(132)连接；
    所述第二连接段(422)与所述第二上端面(521)可拆卸连接。
  4. 根据权利要求1～3中任一项所述的电池模块(M)，其中，所述电池单体(13)具有顶盖板(134)，所述电极端子(131)设置于所述顶盖板(134)；
    沿宽度方向(Y)，所述顶盖板(134)与所述安装梁(52)之间具有预设距离；
    所述压板(4)与所述安装梁(52)连接时，所述箱体(5)、所述安装梁(52)与所述压板(4)围成容纳空间(53)，所述导电部件(6)位于所述容纳空间(53)。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的电池模块(M)，其中，所述本体部(41)与所述第一上端面(132)粘接；
    所述第一连接段(421)与所述本体部(41)搭接，且二者的搭接长度为10mm～200mm。
  6. 根据权利要求2或3所述的电池模块(M)，其中，沿宽度方向(Y)，所述电池模块(M)包括一排所述电池单体排列结构(1)，沿宽度方向(Y)，所述本体部(41)不超出所述电池单体排列结构(1)，或者；
    沿宽度方向(Y)，所述电池模块(M)包括两排所述电池单体排列结构(1)，且两排所述电池单体排列结构(1)的电极端子(131)相互背离，沿宽度方向(Y)，所述本体部(41)的一端不超出一排所述电池单体排列结构(1)，另一端不超出另一排所述电池单体排列结构(1)。
  7. 根据权利要求1～6中任一项所述的电池模块(M)，其中，所述电池模 块(M)还包括第一连接片(2)和第二连接片(3)，所述第一连接片(2)和所述第二连接片(3)与所述电池单体(13)的电极端子(131)连接；
    所述导电部件(6)连接与所述失效电池单体(133)连接的第一连接片(2)和第二连接片(3)；
    沿所述高度方向(Z)，所述第一连接片(2)和所述第二连接片(3)的至少部分位于所述第二上端面(521)与所述压板(4)的最高点之间。
  8. 根据权利要求1～7中任一项所述的电池模块(M)，其中，沿所述高度方向(Z)，所述导电部件(6)与所述第一连接片(2)的连接位置位于所述第二上端面(521)与所述压板(4)之间，所述导电部件(6)与所述第二连接片(3)的连接位置位于所述第二上端面(521)与所述压板(4)的最高点之间。
  9. 根据权利要求1～8中任一项所述的电池模块(M)，其中，所述电池单体排列结构(1)包括第一电池单体排列结构(11)和第二电池单体排列结构(12)，沿高度方向(Z)，所述第一电池单体排列结构(11)位于所述第二电池单体排列结构(12)的上方；
    所述第一连接片(2)连接所述第一电池单体排列结构(11)的电池单体(13)和所述第二电池单体排列结构(12)的电池单体(13)，所述第二连接片(3)连接所述第一电池单体排列结构(11)的电池单体(13)和所述第二电池单体排列结构(12)的电池单体(13)。
  10. 一种装置(D)，使用电池单体(13)作为电源，其中，所述装置(D)包括：
    动力源，所述动力源用于为所述装置(D)提供驱动力；和，
    被配置为向所述动力源提供电能的如权利要求1～9中任一项所述的电池模块(M)。
  11. 一种失效电池单体(133)的失效处理方法，其中，电池单体排列结构(1)包括多个电池单体(13)，所述电池单体(13)包括失效电池单体(133)， 所述失效电池单体(133)包括正极端子(131a)和负极端子(131b)，所述电池单体排列结构(1)沿宽度方向(Y)的端部设置有安装梁(52)，所述电池单体排列结构(1)沿高度方向(Z)的端部设置有压板(4)；
    所述失效处理方法包括：
    将所述压板(4)的至少部分从所述安装梁(52)拆下；
    将所述失效电池单体(133)的正极端子(131a)和负极端子(131b)通过所述导电部件(6)电连接。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的失效处理方法，其中，所述压板(4)包括本体部(41)和连接部(42)，将所述压板(4)的至少部分从所述安装梁(52)拆下时，所述失效处理方法包括：
    将所述连接部(42)从所述安装梁(52)拆下。
  13. 根据权利要求11或12所述的失效处理方法，其中，所述失效电池单体(133)的两个电极端子(131)分别与第一连接片(2)和第二连接片(3)连接，将所述失效电池单体(133)的正极端子(131a)和负极端子(131b)通过所述导电部件(6)电连接时，所述失效处理方法包括：
    将与所述失效电池单体(133)连接的所述第一连接片(2)和所述第二连接片(3)通过所述导电部件(6)电连接。
  14. 根据权利要求11～13任一项所述的失效处理方法，其中，将所述失效电池单体(133)的正极端子(131a)和负极端子(131b)通过所述导电部件(6)电连接之后，所述失效处理方法还包括：
    将从所述安装梁(52)拆下的所述压板(4)的至少部分安装于所述安装梁(52)。
PCT/CN2020/131573 2019-11-29 2020-11-25 电池模块、装置及失效电池单体的失效处理方法 WO2021104332A1 (zh)

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