Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
  • D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
  • D07B1/0606—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles
  • D07B1/0613—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles the reinforcing cords being characterised by the rope configuration
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
  • D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
  • D07B1/0606—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles
  • D07B1/062—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles the reinforcing cords being characterised by the strand configuration
  • D07B1/0633—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles the reinforcing cords being characterised by the strand configuration having a multiple-layer configuration
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
  • D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
  • D07B1/0606—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles
  • D07B1/062—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles the reinforcing cords being characterised by the strand configuration
  • D07B1/0626—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles the reinforcing cords being characterised by the strand configuration the reinforcing cords consisting of three core wires or filaments and at least one layer of outer wires or filaments, i.e. a 3+N configuration
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
  • D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
  • D07B1/0606—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles
  • D07B1/066—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles the wires being made from special alloy or special steel composition
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
  • D07B1/16—Ropes or cables with an enveloping sheathing or inlays of rubber or plastics
  • D07B1/165—Ropes or cables with an enveloping sheathing or inlays of rubber or plastics characterised by a plastic or rubber inlay
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/10—Rope or cable structures
  • D07B2201/104—Rope or cable structures twisted
  • D07B2201/1044—Rope or cable structures twisted characterised by a value or range of the pitch parameter given
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/10—Rope or cable structures
  • D07B2201/104—Rope or cable structures twisted
  • D07B2201/1064—Rope or cable structures twisted characterised by lay direction of the strand compared to the lay direction of the wires in the strand
  • D07B2201/1068—Rope or cable structures twisted characterised by lay direction of the strand compared to the lay direction of the wires in the strand having the same lay direction
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
  • D07B2201/2001—Wires or filaments
  • D07B2201/2009—Wires or filaments characterised by the materials used
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
  • D07B2201/2015—Strands
  • D07B2201/2024—Strands twisted
  • D07B2201/2029—Open winding
  • D07B2201/203—Cylinder winding, i.e. S/Z or Z/S
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
  • D07B2201/2015—Strands
  • D07B2201/2024—Strands twisted
  • D07B2201/2029—Open winding
  • D07B2201/2031—Different twist pitch
  • D07B2201/2032—Different twist pitch compared with the core
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
  • D07B2201/2015—Strands
  • D07B2201/2038—Strands characterised by the number of wires or filaments
  • D07B2201/2039—Strands characterised by the number of wires or filaments three to eight wires or filaments respectively forming a single layer
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
  • D07B2201/2047—Cores
  • D07B2201/2052—Cores characterised by their structure
  • D07B2201/2059—Cores characterised by their structure comprising wires
  • D07B2201/2061—Cores characterised by their structure comprising wires resulting in a twisted structure
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
  • D07B2201/2047—Cores
  • D07B2201/2052—Cores characterised by their structure
  • D07B2201/2065—Cores characterised by their structure comprising a coating
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
  • D07B2205/30—Inorganic materials
  • D07B2205/3021—Metals
  • D07B2205/3025—Steel
  • D07B2205/3046—Steel characterised by the carbon content
  • D07B2205/3057—Steel characterised by the carbon content having a high carbon content, e.g. greater than 0,8 percent respectively SHT or UHT wires
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2207/00—Rope or cable making machines
  • D07B2207/40—Machine components
  • D07B2207/4072—Means for mechanically reducing serpentining or mechanically killing of rope
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2401/00—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage
  • D07B2401/20—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage related to ropes or cables
  • D07B2401/2005—Elongation or elasticity
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2501/00—Application field
  • D07B2501/20—Application field related to ropes or cables
  • D07B2501/2046—Tyre cords
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2801/00—Linked indexing codes associated with indexing codes or classes of D07B
  • D07B2801/12—Strand
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2801/00—Linked indexing codes associated with indexing codes or classes of D07B
  • D07B2801/24—Rope

Definitions

• the invention relates to cables and a tire comprising these cables.
• a tire for a civil engineering vehicle with a radial carcass reinforcement comprising a tread, two inextensible beads, two sidewalls connecting the beads to the tread and a crown reinforcement, disposed circumferentially between the carcass reinforcement and the tread.
• This crown reinforcement comprises four plies reinforced by reinforcing elements such as metal cables, the cables of a ply being embedded in an elastomeric matrix of the ply.
• This crown reinforcement comprises several working plies comprising several wire reinforcement elements.
• the diameter of the non-shrunken cable is equal to 3.72 mm for a breaking force of 17,572 N.
• the object of the invention is a cable making it possible to reduce, or even eliminate, the number of breaks and the number of perforations.
• the invention relates to a two-layer multi-strand cable, comprising:
• - D is the diameter of the cable in mm
• - Cfrag is the embrittlement coefficient of the unitless cable with d3 and d3 'are expressed in mm
• af is the contact angle between the external metal wires of the internal strand and the external metal wires of the external strands expressed in radians
• at is the helix angle of each external strand (TE ) expressed in radians
• the cable according to the invention makes it possible to reduce perforations and therefore to extend the life of the tire and also to reduce the number of breaks.
• the inventors at the origin of the invention have discovered that the determining criterion for reducing cable breaks was not only the breaking force as is widely taught in the state of the art but the energy. at surface fracture represented in the present application by an indicator equal to the product of the force at break, the elongation at break and the coefficient of embrittlement of the cable divided by the diameter of the cable.
• the embrittlement coefficient makes it possible to take into account the loss of efficiency of the cable in traction due to transverse embrittlement in the inter-son contacts at the level of the outer metal son of the inner layer and of the outer layer.
• This embrittlement coefficient depends on the number of external metal wires of the internal layer, on the contact angle between the internal strand and the or each external strand, on the diameters d3 and d3 'respectively of the external metal wires of the internal layer and of the outer metal wires of the outer layer, the helix angle of an outer strand, and the breaking force of an outer strand.
• a solid cable will have an embrittlement coefficient close to 1 and an embrittled cable will have a non-optimal embrittlement coefficient, rather close to 0.5.
• the cables of the state of the art have either a relatively high breaking force but a not optimal embrittlement coefficient, or an optimal embrittlement coefficient, that is to say close to 1 but. relatively low breaking force like example 8 of WO2016017655.
• the cables of the state of the art have a relatively low surface breaking energy.
• the cable according to the invention due to its relatively high embrittlement coefficient and its breaking strength, exhibits a relatively high elongation at break as well as a relatively high surface breaking energy.
• Any interval of values designated by the expression “between a and b” represents the domain of values ranging from more than a to less than b (that is to say limits a and b excluded) while any interval of values designated by the expression “from a to b” signifies the range of values going from the limit “a” to the limit “b”, that is to say including the strict limits “a” and “b ".
• the diameter of a strand is the diameter of the smallest circle in which the strand is circumscribed.
• the diameter of the cable is the diameter of the smallest circle in which the cable is circumscribed without the hoop.
• the cable has a diameter D such that D ⁇ 6.0 mm, preferably such that 5.0 mm ⁇ D ⁇ 5.5 mm. Diameter D is measured on the cable according to ASTM D2969-04.
• the cable has two layers of strands, that is to say it comprises an assembly made up of two layers of strands, neither more nor less, that is to say that the assembly has two layers of strands, not one, not three, but only two.
• the inner strand of the cable is surrounded by a polymeric composition and then by the outer layer.
• the internal strand has cylindrical layers.
• each outer strand has cylindrical layers.
• the inner strand and each outer strand have cylindrical layers. It is recalled that such cylindrical layers are obtained when the different layers of a strand are wound at different pitches and / or when the winding directions of these layers are different from one layer to another.
• a strand with cylindrical layers is very strongly penetrable unlike a strand with compact layers in which the pitches of all the layers are equal and the winding directions of all the layers are identical which has a much lower penetrability.
• the internal strand has two layers.
• the inner strand consists of a wire assembly made up of two layers of wires, no more and no less, that is, the wire assembly has two layers of wires, not one, not three, but only two.
• the outer strand has two layers.
• the outer strand comprises a wire assembly made up of two layers of wires, no more and no less, that is, the wire assembly has two layers of wires, not one, not three, but only two.
• the pitch of a strand represents the length of this strand, measured parallel to the axis of the cable, at the end of which the strand having this pitch makes a complete turn around said axis of the cable.
• the pitch of a wire represents the length of this wire, measured parallel to the axis of the strand in which it is located, at the end of which the wire having this pitch makes a complete turn around said axis of the strand.
• the direction of winding of a layer of strands or wires is understood to mean the direction formed by the strands or wires with respect to the axis of the cable or strand.
• the direction of winding is commonly designated by the letter either Z or S.
• the contact angle between the outer metal son of the inner strand and the outer metal son of the outer strands is the angle af shown in Figure 7.
• Figure 7 In this schematic representation of the cable according to the invention, there is shown l 'A-A axis' of the cable around which the inner layer and outer layer are wound.
• angle af which is the contact angle between the outer metal wire of the inner strand and the outer metal wire of the outer strand. This is one of the relevant parameters for determining the cable embrittlement coefficient because the smaller the contact angle, the less the cable embrittlement.
• the helix radius Re of the outer layer of the cable is the radius of the theoretical circle passing through the centers of the outer strands of the outer layer in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the cable.
• the total elongation At a quantity well known to those skilled in the art, is determined, for example, by applying the standard ASTM D2969-04 of 2014 to a yarn tested so as to obtain a force-elongation curve.
• the At on the curve obtained is deduced as the elongation, in%, corresponding to the projection on the axis of the elongations of the breaking point of the wire on the force-elongation curve, that is to say the point at which the load increases up to a maximum value of breaking force (Fm) and then decreases abruptly after breaking.
• breaking force Fm
• the strands do not undergo preformation.
• the cable is metallic.
• metallic cable is meant by definition a cable formed of wires consisting mainly (that is to say for more than 50% of these wires) or entirely (for 100% of the wires) of a metallic material.
• a metallic material is preferably used with a material of steel, more preferably of pearlitic (or ferrito-pearlitic) carbon steel designated hereinafter by "carbon steel”, or even stainless steel (by definition, steel comprising at least 11% chromium and at least 50% iron). But it is of course possible to use other steels or other alloys.
• its carbon content (% by weight of steel) is preferably between 0.4% and 1.2%, in particular between 0.5% and 1.1. %; these contents represent a good compromise between the mechanical properties required for the tire and the feasibility of the cords.
• the metal or steel used can itself be coated with a metal layer improving for example the setting properties.
• a metal layer improving for example the setting properties.
• the steel used is covered with a layer of brass (Zn-Cu alloy) or of zinc.
• the wires of the same layer of a predetermined strand all have substantially the same diameter.
• the outer strands all have substantially the same diameter.
• substantially the same diameter is meant that the wires or strands have the same diameter within industrial tolerances.
• the outer strands are wound helically around the inner strand at a pitch pe ranging from 40 mm to 100 mm and preferably ranging from 50 mm to 90 mm.
• the cable according to the invention has a surface energy which is greatly improved compared to the cable of the state of the art which has a surface energy of 120 N.mm- 1 .
• the inventors behind the invention hypothesize that the more inter-wire contacts there are and more particularly in the inter-strand areas which are the most stressful, that is to say the more contact there is between. the external metal wires of the internal strand and the external metal wires of the external strands, the more the weakening force is diluted on the number of contacts. This contact force is dependent on the force which each strand can take up, that is to say the force of the cable divided by the number of strands.
• ES ⁇ 160 N. mm -1 preferably ES ⁇ 165 N. mm -1 and more preferably ES ⁇ 170 N. mm -1 .
• the breaking force Fr is such that Fr ⁇ 25000 N, preferably Fr ⁇ 26,000 N and more preferably Fr ⁇ 28,000 N.
• the breaking force is measured according to standard ASTM D2969-04.
• the cable exhibits a relatively high breaking force so as to maximize the surface breaking energy.
• the subject of the invention is also a cable extracted from a polymer matrix, the cable comprising:
• - D is the diameter of the cable in mm
• Cp is the penetrability coefficient of the cable d3 and d3 'are expressed in mm
• ⁇ f is the contact angle between the external metal wires of the internal strand and the external metal wires of the external strands expressed in radians
• ⁇ t is the angle d helix of the outer strands expressed in radians
• the total elongation At of the extracted cable is measured in a manner similar to the total elongation At of the cable defined previously.
• the extracted cable has a diameter D such that D ⁇ 6.0 mm, of preferably such that 5.0 mm ⁇ D ⁇ 5.5 mm.
• the diameter D is measured on the extracted cable according to the ASTM D2969-04 standard.
• the embrittlement coefficient Cfrag takes into account the penetration of the cable by the polymer matrix using the inter-strand penetration coefficient Cp.
• a cross section of the cable extracted with a saw is made. This operation is repeated ten times to obtain ten cross sections on which we will calculate an average penetration coefficient Cp.
• the filling zones of the polymeric composition of each extracted cable are then observed under an electron microscope by quantifying, using an image processing software, the ratio of the non-metal surface without polymeric composition to the surface filled with polymeric composition. in the Sep contact zone shown in figure 8 between the outer strands and the inner strand.
• a well penetrated cable will have a penetration coefficient close to 1 and a less well penetrated cable will have a penetration coefficient close to 0.5.
• the polymeric matrix is an elastomeric matrix.
• the polymeric matrix preferably elastomeric, is based on a polymeric composition, preferably elastomeric.
• polymeric matrix is meant a matrix comprising at least one polymer.
• the polymeric matrix is thus based on a polymeric composition.
• elastomeric matrix is meant a matrix comprising at least one elastomer.
• the preferred elastomeric matrix is thus based on the elastomeric composition.
• the composition comprises the mixture and / or the reaction product in situ of the various constituents used, some of these constituents being able to react and / or being intended to react between them, at least partially, during the various phases of manufacture of the composition; the composition may thus be in the fully or partially crosslinked state or in the non-crosslinked state.
• polymeric composition that the composition comprises at least one polymer.
• a polymer can be a thermoplastic, for example a polyester or a polyamide, a thermosetting polymer, an elastomer, for example natural rubber, a thermoplastic elastomer or a mixture of these polymers.
• elastomeric composition is meant that the composition comprises at least one elastomer and at least one other component.
• the composition comprising at least one elastomer and at least one other component comprises an elastomer, a crosslinking system and a filler.
• compositions which can be used for these webs are conventional compositions for calendering wire reinforcing elements and comprise a diene elastomer, for example natural rubber, a reinforcing filler, for example carbon black and / or silica, a system of crosslinking, for example a vulcanization system, preferably comprising sulfur, stearic acid and zinc oxide, and optionally a vulcanization accelerator and / or retarder and / or various additives.
• a metal coating for example a layer of brass.
• the values of the characteristics described in the present application for the extracted cord are measured on or determined from cables extracted from a polymeric matrix, in particular elastomeric, for example from a tire.
• the strip of material is removed radially outside the cable to be extracted so as to see the cable to be extracted radially flush with the polymer matrix. This withdrawal can be done by shelling using pliers and knives or by planing.
• the end of the cable to be extracted is released by means of a knife.
• the cable is pulled so as to extract it from the matrix by applying a relatively small angle so as not to plasticize the cable to be extracted.
• the extracted cables are then cleaned carefully, for example by means of a knife, so as to detach the remains of the polymer matrix attached locally to the cable and taking care not to degrade the surface of the metal wires.
• the extracted cable has a breaking force Fr 'such that x Cfrag' such that Fr ' ⁇ 24,000 N, preferably Fr' ⁇ 25,000 N and more. preferably Fr ' ⁇ 27,000 N.
• the breaking force is measured on the cable extracted according to standard ASTM D2969-04.
• af is greater than or equal to 0 ° and preferably greater than or equal to 5 °.
• af is less than or equal to 25 ° and preferably less than or equal to 20 °.
• At is greater than or equal to 0 ° and preferably greater than or equal to 5 °.
• At is less than or equal to 20 °, preferably less than or equal to 15 ° and more preferably less than or equal to 10 °.
• each metal wire of the cable comprises a steel core having a composition in accordance with the standard.
• Such steel compositions include non-alloy steels (points 3.2.1 and 4.1 of standard NF EN 10020 of September 2000), stainless steels (points 3.2.2 and 4.2 of standard NF EN 10020 of September 2000) and other alloy steels (point 3.2.3 and 4.3 of standard NF EN 10020 of September 2000).
• a relatively high carbon content makes it possible to achieve the mechanical strength of the metal wires of the cables according to the invention.
• each metal wire of the cable comprises a steel core having a composition in accordance with the standard.
• the use of too much carbon is on the one hand relatively expensive and on the other hand leads to a decrease in fatigue-corrosion endurance of metallic wires.
• d 1, d1 ′, d3, d3 ′ range, independently of each other, from 0.25 mm to 0.50 mm, preferably from 0.30 mm to 0.45 mm and more preferably from 0.32 mm to 0.42 mm.
• the outer layer of the cable is saturated so that the inter-strand distance of the outer strands is strictly less than 20 ⁇ m.
• a saturated cable layer is such that the inter-strand distance of the outer strands is strictly less than 20 ⁇ m.
• the inter-strand distance of the outer layer of outer strands is defined, on a section of the cable perpendicular to the main axis of the cable, as the shortest distance which separates, on average, the circular envelopes in which two strands are inscribed. external adjacent.
• the inter-strand distance E is the distance between the 2 centers of 2 adjacent outer strands, points A and B as shown in FIG. 9, minus the diameter of the outer strand.
• the wires of the same layer of a predetermined strand all have substantially the same diameter.
• the strands external all have substantially the same diameter.
• substantially the same diameter is meant that the wires or strands have the same diameter within industrial tolerances.
• Re minTE is the winding radius that is obtained in case of supersaturation of the layer. This is the minimum radius for all the strands to be in contact.
• Re_min TE 1 / [(sin 2 ( ⁇ / L) / D TE / 2) 2 -cos 2 ( ⁇ / L) x (2 ⁇ / pe) 2 ] with L: the number of external strands, pe is the pitch expressed in millimeters in which each outer strand is wound and D TE the diameter of the outer strand in mm, and
• Re1 ' 1 / [(sin 2 ( ⁇ / Q') / d1 '/ 2) 2 -cos 2 ( ⁇ / Q') x (2 ⁇ / p1) 2 ] with Q ': the number of children of the inner layer of the outer strand, d1 'the diameter of the metal wires of the inner layer of the outer strand in mm and the pitch p1' is the pitch of the inner layer of the outer strand in mm.
• a desaturated cable layer is such that the inter-strand distance of the outer strands is greater than or equal to 20 ⁇ m.
• the outer layer of the inner strand is desaturated.
• a desaturated layer is such that there is sufficient space between the threads so as to allow the passage of a polymeric composition, preferably elastomeric.
• a desaturated layer means that the threads do not touch each other and that there is sufficient space between two adjacent threads allowing the passage of a polymeric composition, preferably elastomeric.
• a saturated layer is such that there is not enough space between the threads of the layer to allow the passage of a polymeric composition, preferably elastomeric, for example because the threads of the layer touch each other two. together.
• the interwire distance of a layer is defined, on a section of the cable perpendicular to the main axis of the cable, as the shortest distance which separates, on average, two adjacent wires of the layer.
• Re3 ’ Re1’ + d1 / 2 + d3 / 2 with Re1 ’is the winding radius of the inner layer of the outer strand as defined above.
• the interwire distance I3 ’ is the distance between 2 wire centers minus the wire diameter as shown in figure 9, the calculation method is the same as that for the outer strands:
• A'B ' [(xb'-xa') 2 + (yb'-ya ') 2 ] 1/2
• the sum SI3 ’ is the sum of the interwire distances separating each pair of adjacent outer yarns from the outer layer.
• the interwire distance of the outer layer of the inner strand is greater than or equal to 5 ⁇ m.
• the interwire distance of the outer layer of the inner strand is greater than or equal to 15 ⁇ m, more preferably greater than or equal to 35 ⁇ m, even more preferably greater than or equal to 50 ⁇ m and very preferably greater than or equal to 60 ⁇ m.
• the interwire distance of the outer layer of the inner strand is less than or equal to 100 ⁇ m.
• the sum SI3 of the interwire distances I3 of the outer layer of the inner strand is greater than the diameter d3 of the outer yarns of the outer layer.
• each strand is of the type not gummed in situ.
• the term “not gummed in situ” is understood to mean that, before assembling the strands together, each strand consists of the wires of the different layers and devoid of any polymeric composition, in particular of an elastomeric composition.
• the outer layer of each outer strand is desaturated.
• the interwire distance of the outer layer of each outer strand is greater than or equal to 5 ⁇ m.
• the interwire distance of the outer layer of each outer strand is greater than or equal to 15 ⁇ m, more preferably greater than or equal to 35 ⁇ m, even more preferably greater than or equal to 50 ⁇ m and very preferably greater than or equal to 60 ⁇ m.
• the interwire distance of the outer layer of each outer strand is less than or equal to 100 ⁇ m.
• the sum SI3 ’of the interwire distances I3’ of the outer layer of each outer strand is greater than or equal to the diameter d3 ’of the outer yarns of the outer layer.
• each internal metal wire of the internal strand has a diameter d1 greater than or equal to the diameter d3 of each external metal wire of the internal strand, preferably 1.00 ⁇ d1 / d3 ⁇ 1.20.
• each inner metal wire of each outer strand has a diameter d1 'greater than or equal to the diameter d3' of each outer metal wire of each outer strand (TE), preferably 1.00 ⁇ d1 '/ d3'. ⁇ 1, 20.
• each inner wire has a diameter d1 or d1 'greater than or equal respectively to the diameter d3 or d3' of each outer wire.
• the use of diameters such as d 1> d3 or d1 ’> d3’ makes it possible to promote the penetrability of the polymeric composition, for example of the elastomeric composition, through the outer layer.
• the outer layer of the inner strand is wound around the inner layer of the inner strand in contact with the inner layer of the inner strand.
• the most severe transverse forces are the transverse forces exerted by the external strands on the internal strand.
• each internal wire of the internal strand has a diameter d1 equal to the diameter d3 of each external wire of the internal strand.
• the same wire diameter is preferably used on the internal and external layers of the internal strand, which limits the number of different wires to be managed during the manufacture of the cable.
• each inner wire of the outer strand has a diameter d1 'equal to the diameter d3' of each outer wire of the outer strand.
• the same wire diameter is preferably used on the internal and external layers of the outer strand, which limits the number of different wires to be managed during the manufacture of the cable.
• Another object of the invention is a reinforced product comprising a polymer matrix and at least one cable or extracted cable as defined above.
• the reinforced product comprises one or more cables according to the invention embedded in the polymer matrix, and in the case of several cables, the cables are arranged side by side in a main direction.
• Another object of the invention is a tire comprising at least one cable or a reinforced product as defined above.
• the tire comprises a carcass reinforcement anchored in two beads and surmounted radially by a crown reinforcement itself surmounted by a tread, the crown reinforcement being joined to said beads by two sidewalls and comprising at least one cable as defined above.
• the crown frame comprises a protective frame and a working frame, the working frame comprising at least one cable as defined above, the protective frame being radially interposed between the tread and the working reinforcement.
• the cable is most particularly intended for industrial vehicles chosen from heavy vehicles such as "HGV” - ie, metro, bus, road transport equipment. (trucks, tractors, trailers), off-road vehicles -, agricultural or civil engineering machinery, other transport or handling vehicles.
• the tire is for a vehicle of the civil engineering type.
• the tire has a dimension in which the diameter, in inches, of the seat of the rim on which the tire is intended to be mounted is greater than or equal to 40 inches.
• the invention also relates to a rubber article comprising an assembly according to the invention, or an impregnated assembly according to the invention.
• rubber article is meant any type of rubber article such as a balloon, a non-pneumatic object such as a non-pneumatic tire, a conveyor belt or a track.
• FIG. 1 is a sectional view perpendicular to the circumferential direction of a tire according to the invention
• FIG. 2 is a detail view of zone II of Figure 1;
• FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a reinforced product according to the invention.
• FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view perpendicular to the cable axis (assumed rectilinear and at rest) of a cable (50) according to a first embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 5 a schematic sectional view perpendicular to the cable axis (assumed rectilinear and at rest) of an extracted cable (50 ’) according to a first embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 6 is a view similar to that of Figure 4 of a cable (60) according to a second embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of the angle af of the cable (50) of Figure 4.
• FIG. 8 is a photograph of a cable (50) according to a first embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 9 is a schematic view of various geometric parameters of the cable.
• FIG. 1 and 2 there is shown a reference X, Y, Z corresponding to the usual respectively axial (X), radial (Y) and circumferential (Z) orientations of a tire.
• the "median circumferential plane" M of the tire is the plane which is normal to the axis of rotation of the tire and which is located equidistant from the annular reinforcing structures of each bead.
• the tire 10 is for a heavy vehicle of the civil engineering type, for example of the “dumper” type.
• the tire 10 has a size of the 53 / 80R63 type.
• the tire 10 comprises a crown 12 reinforced by a crown reinforcement 14, two sidewalls 16 and two beads 18, each of these beads 18 being reinforced with an annular structure, here a bead wire 20.
• the crown reinforcement 14 is radially surmounted by a tread 22 and joined to the beads 18 by the sidewalls 16.
• a carcass reinforcement 24 is anchored in the two beads 18, and is here wound around the two bead wires 20 and comprises an upturn 26 disposed towards the exterior of the tire 20 which is shown here mounted on a rim 28.
• the carcass reinforcement 24 is surmounted radially by the crown reinforcement 14.
• the carcass reinforcement 24 comprises at least one carcass ply 30 reinforced by radial carcass cables (not shown).
• the carcass cables are arranged substantially parallel to each other and extend from one bead 18 to the other so as to form an angle of between 80 ° and 90 ° with the median circumferential plane M (plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the tire which is located midway between the two beads 18 and passes through the middle of the crown reinforcement 14).
• the tire 10 also comprises a sealing ply 32 made of an elastomer (commonly called an inner rubber) which defines the radially internal face 34 of the tire 10 and which is intended to protect the carcass ply 30 from the diffusion of air. air coming from the space inside the tire 10.
• a sealing ply 32 made of an elastomer (commonly called an inner rubber) which defines the radially internal face 34 of the tire 10 and which is intended to protect the carcass ply 30 from the diffusion of air. air coming from the space inside the tire 10.
• the crown reinforcement 14 comprises, radially from the outside towards the inside of the tire 10, a protective reinforcement 36 arranged radially inside the tread 22, a working reinforcement 38 arranged radially on the inside. inside the protective frame 36 and an additional frame 40 arranged radially inside the working frame 38.
• the protective frame 36 is thus radially interposed between the tread 22 and the reinforcement. working 38.
• the working frame 38 is radially interposed between the protective frame 36 and the additional frame 40.
• the protective frame 36 comprises first and second protective plies 42, 44 comprising metal cables protection, the first ply 42 being arranged radially inside the second ply 44.
• the protective metal cables form an angle at least equal to 10 °, preferably ranging from 10 ° to 35 ° and preferably from 15 ° to 30 ° with the circumferential direction Z of the tire.
• the working reinforcement 38 comprises first and second working plies 46, 48, the first ply 46 being arranged radially inside the second ply 48.
• Each ply 46, 48 comprises at least one cable 50.
• the cables 50 working metals are crossed from one working ply to another and form an angle at most equal to 60 °, preferably ranging from 15 ° to 40 ° with the circumferential direction Z of the tire.
• the additional reinforcement 40 also called a limiter block, the function of which is to partially take up the mechanical inflation stresses, comprises, for example and in a manner known per se, additional metallic reinforcing elements, for example such as described in FR 2419 181 or FR 2 419 182 forming an angle at most equal to 10 °, preferably ranging from 5 ° to 10 ° with the circumferential direction Z of the tire 10.
• FIG. 3 shows a reinforced product according to the invention and designated by the general reference 100.
• the reinforced product 100 comprises at least one cable 50, in the species several cables 50, embedded in the polymer matrix 102.
• the reinforced product 100 comprises several cables 50 arranged side by side in the main direction X and extending parallel to each other within the reinforced product 100 and collectively embedded in the polymer matrix 102.
• the polymeric matrix 102 is an elastomeric matrix based on an elastomeric composition.
• FIG. 4 shows the cable 50 according to a first embodiment of the invention.
• each protective reinforcing element 43, 45 and each hooping reinforcing element 53, 55 is formed, after extraction of the tire 10, by an extracted cable 50 'as described below.
• the cable 50 is obtained by embedding in a polymeric matrix, in this case in a polymeric matrix respectively forming each polymeric matrix of each protective ply 42, 44 and of each hooping layer 52, 54 in which the reinforcing elements are respectively embedded. protection 43, 45 and hooping 53, 55.
• the cable 50 and the extracted cable 50 ’ are metallic and of the multi-strand type with two cylindrical layers.
• the layers of strands constituting the cable 50 or 50 ’ are two in number, no more, no less.
• the external layer CE consists of L> 1 external strands TE wound around the internal layer C1 of the cable.
• the cable 50 has a surface breaking energy:
• the cable 50 also includes a hoop F, not shown, consisting of a single hoop wire.
• the extracted cable 50 ′ exhibits a surface breaking energy:
• the ratio of the non-metal surface without polymeric composition to the surface filled with polymeric composition in the zone is determined using software. contact Sep between the outer strands and the inner strand. Here the ratio averaged over 10 cross sections is equal to 0.9.
• Af is greater than or equal to 0 ° and preferably greater than or equal to 5 ° and less than or equal to 25 ° and preferably less than or equal to 20 °.
• ⁇ f 18.9 °.
• At is greater than or equal to 0 ° and preferably greater than or equal to 5 ° and less than or equal to 20 °, preferably less than or equal to 15 ° and more preferably less than or equal to 10 °.
• ⁇ t 9.1 °.
• the outer layer C3 of each inner strand Tl is desaturated.
• the interwire distance of the outer layer of the inner strand is greater than or equal to 15 ⁇ m, more preferably greater than or equal to 35 ⁇ m, even more preferably greater than or equal to 50 ⁇ m and very preferably greater than or equal to 60 ⁇ m and here equal to 61 ⁇ m.
• the sum SI3 of the interwire distances I3 of the outer layer C3 is greater than the diameter d3 of the outer yarns F3 of the outer layer C3.
• Each internal and external wire of each internal strand Tl has a diameter d1 and d3 respectively.
• Each inner metal wire F1 of each inner strand Tl has a diameter d1 greater than or equal to the diameter d3 of each outer metal wire F3 of each inner strand Tl, preferably 1.00 d1 / d3 1.20.
• d1 and d3 range, independently of one another, from 0.25 mm to 0.50 mm, preferably from 0.30 mm to 0.45 mm and more preferably from 0.32 mm to 0 , 42 mm.
• the outer layer C3 ′ of each TE outer strand is desaturated. Being desaturated, the interwire distance I3 ’of the outer layer C3’ separating on average the N ’outer wires is greater than or equal to 5 ⁇ m.
• the interwire distance I3 'of the outer layer of each outer strand is greater than or equal to 15 ⁇ m, more preferably greater than or equal to 35 ⁇ m, even more preferably greater than or equal to 50 ⁇ m and very preferably greater than or equal to 60 ⁇ m and here equal to 61 ⁇ m.
• the sum SI3 ’of the interwire distances I3’ of the outer layer C3 ’ is greater than the diameter d3’ of the outer wires F3 ’of the outer layer C3’.
• each internal and external layer C1 ′, C3 ′ of each external strand TE is wound in the same direction of winding of the cable and of the internal and external layers C1, C3 of the internal strand Tl.
• the direction of winding of the cable. each layer of the cable and of the cable is Z.
• Each internal and external wire of each external strand TE has a diameter d1 ′ and d3 ′ respectively.
• Each inner metal wire F1 'of each outer strand TE has a diameter d1' greater than or equal to the diameter d3 'of each outer metal wire F3' of each outer strand TE, preferably 1.00 £ d 1 '/ d3' £ 1 , 20.
• d T and d3 range, independently of one another, from 0.25 mm to 0.50 mm, preferably from 0.30 mm to 0.45 mm and more preferably from 0.32 mm to 0.42 mm.
• At least 50% of the metal wires, preferably at least 60%, plus preferably at least 70% of the metal wires, and very preferably each metal wire of the cable comprises a steel core having a composition in accordance with standard NF EN 10020 of September 2000 and a carbon content C> 0.80% and preferably C ⁇ 0.82% and at least 50% of the metal wires, preferably at least 60%, more preferably at least 70% of the metal wires, and very preferably each metal wire of the cable comprises a steel core having a composition in accordance with the NF EN 10020 standard of September 2000 and a carbon content C ⁇ 1, 20% and preferably C ⁇ 1, 10%.
• Each wire has a tensile strength, denoted Rm, such that 2500 Rm 3100 MPa.
• the steel of these wires is said to be SHT ("Super High Tensile") grade.
• Other yarns can be used, for example lower grade yarns, for example of grade NT ("Normal Tensile") or HT ("High Tensile"), such as higher grade yarns, for example of UT grade (“ Ultra Tensile ”) or MT (“ Mega Tensile ”).
• torsional balancing is meant here in a manner well known to those skilled in the art. looming the cancellation of residual torque (or elastic return of torsion) exerted on each wire of the strand, in the intermediate layer as in the outer layer.
• each strand is wound on one or more receiving spools, for storage, before the subsequent cabling operation of the elementary strands to obtain the multi-strand cable.
• the manufacture of the multi-strand cable of the invention one proceeds in a manner well known to those skilled in the art, by cabling or twisting the strands obtained previously, using cabling or twisting machines dimensioned for assemble strands.
• the L outer strands TE are assembled around the inner strand Tl at the pitch pe and in the Z direction to form the cable 50.
• the hoop F is wound at the pitch pf in the S direction around the assembly obtained previously.
• the cord 50 is then incorporated by calendering into composite fabrics formed from a known composition based on natural rubber and carbon black as reinforcing filler, conventionally used for the manufacture of crown reinforcements for radial tires.
• This composition essentially comprises, in addition to the elastomer and the reinforcing filler (carbon black), an antioxidant, stearic acid, an extender oil, cobalt naphthenate as an adhesion promoter, finally a vulcanization system (sulfur, accelerator, ZnO).
• the composite fabrics reinforced by these cables comprise a matrix of elastomeric composition formed of two thin layers of elastomeric composition which are superimposed on either side of the cables and which respectively have a thickness ranging from 1 and 4 mm.
• the calendering pitch (laying the cables in the fabric of elastomeric composition) ranges from 4 mm to 8 mm.
• FIG. 6 shows a cable 60 according to a second embodiment of the invention.
• Table 1 summarizes the characteristics for the different cables 50, 50 ’and 60.
• Table 2 summarizes the characteristics of the control cable T1 and the cable of the state of the art EDT (example 8 of WO2016017655).
• Tables 1 and 2 show that the cables 50, 50 'and 60 have an improved surface breaking energy compared to the cables of the state of the art EDT and EDT'. Indeed, the EDT and EDT 'cables have a relatively high embrittlement coefficient but a relatively low breaking force resulting in insufficient surface breaking energy to reduce the number of breaks and the number of perforations of the cables in the tire. Thus the cables according to the invention have a surface breaking energy ES ⁇ 150 N. mm -1 sufficiently high to remedy these drawbacks.

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• 2019
  • 2019-11-22 FR FR1913078A patent/FR3103500A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
• 2020
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  • 2020-11-05 WO PCT/FR2020/051999 patent/WO2021099712A1/fr not_active Ceased
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