WO2021093901A1 - 一种变量喷施喷头装置及植保无人机 - Google Patents

一种变量喷施喷头装置及植保无人机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021093901A1
WO2021093901A1 PCT/CN2021/070774 CN2021070774W WO2021093901A1 WO 2021093901 A1 WO2021093901 A1 WO 2021093901A1 CN 2021070774 W CN2021070774 W CN 2021070774W WO 2021093901 A1 WO2021093901 A1 WO 2021093901A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
spraying
spray
atomization
cover
atomizing
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Application number
PCT/CN2021/070774
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
伊丽丽
张博远
兰玉彬
孔凡霞
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山东理工大学
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Application filed by 山东理工大学 filed Critical 山东理工大学
Priority to US17/414,099 priority Critical patent/US20220062926A1/en
Publication of WO2021093901A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021093901A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M7/00—Special adaptations or arrangements of liquid-spraying apparatus for purposes covered by this subclass
    • A01M7/0003—Atomisers or mist blowers
    • A01M7/0014—Field atomisers, e.g. orchard atomisers, self-propelled, drawn or tractor-mounted
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M7/00—Special adaptations or arrangements of liquid-spraying apparatus for purposes covered by this subclass
    • A01M7/0025—Mechanical sprayers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M7/00—Special adaptations or arrangements of liquid-spraying apparatus for purposes covered by this subclass
    • A01M7/0089—Regulating or controlling systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/14—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with multiple outlet openings; with strainers in or outside the outlet opening
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B12/00—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area
    • B05B12/08—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material to be discharged, of ambient medium or of target ; responsive to condition of spray devices or of supply means, e.g. pipes, pumps or their drive means
    • B05B12/085—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material to be discharged, of ambient medium or of target ; responsive to condition of spray devices or of supply means, e.g. pipes, pumps or their drive means responsive to flow or pressure of liquid or other fluent material to be discharged
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B13/00—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00
    • B05B13/005—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00 mounted on vehicles or designed to apply a liquid on a very large surface, e.g. on the road, on the surface of large containers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B3/00—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements
    • B05B3/02—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements
    • B05B3/10—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements discharging over substantially the whole periphery of the rotating member, i.e. the spraying being effected by centrifugal forces
    • B05B3/1007—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements discharging over substantially the whole periphery of the rotating member, i.e. the spraying being effected by centrifugal forces characterised by the rotating member
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B3/00—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements
    • B05B3/02—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements
    • B05B3/10—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements discharging over substantially the whole periphery of the rotating member, i.e. the spraying being effected by centrifugal forces
    • B05B3/1007—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements discharging over substantially the whole periphery of the rotating member, i.e. the spraying being effected by centrifugal forces characterised by the rotating member
    • B05B3/1021—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements discharging over substantially the whole periphery of the rotating member, i.e. the spraying being effected by centrifugal forces characterised by the rotating member with individual passages at its periphery
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B3/00—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements
    • B05B3/02—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements
    • B05B3/10—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements discharging over substantially the whole periphery of the rotating member, i.e. the spraying being effected by centrifugal forces
    • B05B3/1035—Driving means; Parts thereof, e.g. turbine, shaft, bearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/12—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/24—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with means, e.g. a container, for supplying liquid or other fluent material to a discharge device
    • B05B7/26—Apparatus in which liquids or other fluent materials from different sources are brought together before entering the discharge device
    • B05B7/28—Apparatus in which liquids or other fluent materials from different sources are brought together before entering the discharge device in which one liquid or other fluent material is fed or drawn through an orifice into a stream of a carrying fluid
    • B05B7/32—Apparatus in which liquids or other fluent materials from different sources are brought together before entering the discharge device in which one liquid or other fluent material is fed or drawn through an orifice into a stream of a carrying fluid the fed liquid or other fluent material being under pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C39/00—Aircraft not otherwise provided for
    • B64C39/02—Aircraft not otherwise provided for characterised by special use
    • B64C39/024—Aircraft not otherwise provided for characterised by special use of the remote controlled vehicle type, i.e. RPV
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D1/00—Dropping, ejecting, releasing, or receiving articles, liquids, or the like, in flight
    • B64D1/16—Dropping or releasing powdered, liquid, or gaseous matter, e.g. for fire-fighting
    • B64D1/18—Dropping or releasing powdered, liquid, or gaseous matter, e.g. for fire-fighting by spraying, e.g. insecticides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U2101/00—UAVs specially adapted for particular uses or applications
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U2101/00—UAVs specially adapted for particular uses or applications
    • B64U2101/45—UAVs specially adapted for particular uses or applications for releasing liquids or powders in-flight, e.g. crop-dusting

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of plant protection drone spraying, more specifically, it relates to a variable spray nozzle device and a plant protection drone.
  • the plant protection machinery and spraying technology are relatively backward, the pesticide utilization rate is less than 30%, the loss of pesticides is as high as 60% to 70%, and the uneven distribution of pesticides is as high as 46.6%.
  • Insufficient utilization of pesticides results in the need to spray a large amount of pesticides to achieve the expected spraying effect. This undoubtedly causes a large amount of pesticide waste and environmental pollution. Therefore, the improvement of spraying technology is very important for improving the effective utilization of pesticides. .
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a variable spray nozzle device and a plant protection drone, which implement variable spraying of pesticides, save pesticides and avoid environmental pollution.
  • a variable spray nozzle device including a medicine supply assembly for supplying liquid medicine and an atomizing spraying assembly for spraying liquid medicine, so
  • the atomized spraying assembly includes a plurality of spraying housings arranged in sequence from top to bottom.
  • a medicinal solution channel is provided between the insides of two adjacent spraying housings for the liquid medicine to pass through, and the multiple spraying housings are combined to form an inverted exterior.
  • each spraying cover is densely distributed with spray holes along the circumferential direction; each spraying cover is connected with an atomizing power mechanism, and the atomizing power mechanism includes a plurality of atomizers fixed coaxially with the corresponding spraying cover A rotating shaft and a power mechanism for driving the rotation of the atomizing shaft, the power mechanism including a motor and a transmission mechanism connecting the motor main shaft and the atomizing shaft; the atomizing shafts in the atomizing power mechanism corresponding to a plurality of spray covers are arranged coaxially; The motor in the power mechanism is connected with the speed control module;
  • the medicine supply component includes a water tank, a medicine tank, a medicine mixer, a pump, and a pipeline.
  • the water tank and medicine tank are connected to the medicine mixer through the pipeline and the pump, and the medicine outlet end of the medicine mixer is connected to the uppermost sprayer through the pipeline. Inside the cover.
  • the inner bottom of the spray outer cover has a tapered structure, and a diversion groove is provided on the inner bottom, and the diversion groove extends downward from the spray hole along the inner bottom, and the plurality of diversion grooves are along the circumferential direction. Evenly distributed.
  • the atomization shaft corresponding to the spraying cover at the lowermost layer is a hollow shaft, and the center of the inner bottom of the spraying cover is provided with a liquid sink, the diversion groove on the spraying cover is connected to the liquid sink, and the hollow shaft is
  • the inner cavity of the atomizing rotating shaft is in communication with the liquid collecting tank, and the inner cavity of the atomizing rotating shaft is provided with a drain pipe for discharging excess liquid medicine.
  • the medicinal liquid passage is arranged at a part of the spraying cover that is connected to the atomizing shaft, and the number of the medicinal liquid passage is multiple, arranged along the circumferential direction.
  • the liquid medicine channel is also arranged at the area where the diversion groove in the spraying cover is located, and the liquid medicine channel penetrates the spraying cover from top to bottom.
  • the corresponding atomization shafts increase in order, and their diameters decrease in sequence, and the atomization shafts corresponding to the spray housings located below are coaxially arranged on the atomization shafts corresponding to the spray housings located above.
  • a bearing is arranged between two adjacent atomization rotating shafts from the inside to the outside.
  • the motor is fixed on the motor fixing frame, and the transmission mechanism is a gear transmission mechanism; the gear transmission mechanisms corresponding to the multiple spray housings are arranged on the mounting frame above the uppermost spray housing, and the multiple gear transmission mechanisms Staggered in the height direction; the driving gear in the gear transmission mechanism is connected with the main shaft of the motor, and the driven gear is connected with the corresponding atomizing shaft.
  • the speed regulation control module is a motor speed regulation control module adopting a PWM control mode.
  • the number of the spraying covers is three, from top to bottom, they are the first layer of spraying covers, the second layer of spraying covers and the third layer of spraying covers.
  • the present invention also provides a planting protection drone, which is provided with the variable spray nozzle device described above.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the number of working spraying covers can be selected macroscopically to adjust the spraying volume, and the spraying range of each spraying cover is different, and it may be necessary to select spraying covers with different spraying ranges to work.
  • the speed of the motor can be controlled by the speed control module, and the spraying volume of each spraying cover can be changed.
  • variable spray nozzle device of the present invention cooperates with the advantages of high ergonomics operation of unmanned plant protection aircraft, and can realize variable and efficient plant protection operations on field cash crops; the present invention realizes "air preparation” and “air spraying” of medicaments , Macro variable spraying and micro variable spraying assist each other, spraying on demand, reducing pesticide waste and pollution and damage to the environment.
  • the plant protection drone of the present invention can realize variable plant protection operations on field cash crops, effectively improve the utilization rate of pesticides, make it easier to carry out one spray and double reduction of field crops, and can replace the existing variable spray mode and realize it from the source Variable spraying and flying prevention operations in the true sense.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of the structure of one specific embodiment of the variable spray nozzle device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 to 4 are schematic diagrams of the structure of the atomizing spray assembly in FIG. 1, wherein FIG. 2 is a front cross-sectional view, FIG. 3 is a perspective view, and FIG. 4 is a perspective view from another perspective.
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view of the first layer of spraying cover.
  • Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the second layer spraying cover.
  • Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the third layer spraying cover.
  • Figures 8-10 are schematic diagrams of the atomized spray assembly of the present invention in different working modes, in which Figure 8 is a schematic diagram when only the first layer of spraying cover is sprayed with liquid medicine, and Figure 9 is the first layer of spraying cover and the second layer The schematic diagram of the spraying cover when the liquid medicine is sprayed at the same time.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the three spraying covers when the liquid medicine is sprayed at the same time.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a variable spray nozzle device and a plant protection drone to solve the problems existing in the prior art.
  • a variable spray nozzle device includes a medicine supply assembly for supplying liquid medicine and an atomizing spray assembly A for spraying the medicine liquid. among them:
  • the atomized spraying assembly A includes a plurality of spraying housings arranged sequentially from top to bottom, and a medicinal liquid channel 24 for letting medicinal liquid passes is provided between the insides of two adjacent spraying housings, and the plurality of spraying housings are combined together
  • An inverted cone structure is formed on the outside; spray holes 15 are densely distributed along the circumferential direction of each spraying cover; each spraying cover is connected with an atomizing power mechanism, which includes a plurality of coaxially fixed spraying covers An atomizing shaft and a power mechanism for driving the atomizing shaft to rotate.
  • the power mechanism includes a motor and a transmission mechanism connecting the motor main shaft and the atomizing shaft; the atomizing shafts in the atomizing power mechanism corresponding to a plurality of spray housings are coaxial Setting; the motor in the atomization power mechanism is connected with the speed control module;
  • the medicine supply component includes a water tank B, a medicine tank C, a medicine mixer (in this embodiment, a medicine mixing pipe D), a water supply pump E, a liquid supply pump F, and a pipeline.
  • the water tank B and the medicine tank C are mixed with each other through the pipeline.
  • the medicine device is connected, and the medicine outlet end of the medicine mixer is connected to the uppermost spraying cover through the pipe 9.
  • the number of spraying covers is three, from top to bottom, the first layer of spraying covers 6, the second layer of spraying covers, and the third layer of spraying covers 7 .
  • the atomization rotation shaft of the atomization power mechanism is arranged corresponding to the three sprays, and is a first atomization rotation shaft 22, a second atomization rotation shaft 21, and a third atomization rotation shaft 20, respectively.
  • the inner bottoms of the three spray housings are all tapered, and the inner bottom is provided with a diversion groove 16 which extends downward from the spray hole 15 along the inner bottom.
  • the two guide grooves 16 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction.
  • the inner bottom of the spraying cover is arranged in a tapered structure, so that the liquid medicine in the spraying outer cover flows downward along the inner bottom in a concentrated manner, thereby facilitating the flow of the liquid medicine through the corresponding liquid medicine channel 24 into the spraying cover located below.
  • the liquid medicine in the spraying cover can be guided by the guide groove 16 to be thrown to the spray hole 15 with the centrifugal effect, thereby throwing out the spraying cover.
  • the diversion groove 16 can better allow the liquid medicine to leave the spraying cover through the spray hole 15, so that the spraying effect is better.
  • the third atomization shaft 20 corresponding to the third layer spraying cover 7 is a hollow shaft, the third layer of spraying cover 7 is provided with a sink 23 at the center of the inner bottom, and the diversion on the third layer of spraying cover 7
  • the tank 16 is in communication with the liquid collecting tank 23, the inner cavity of the third atomizing shaft 20 is in communication with the liquid collecting groove 23, and the inner cavity of the third atomizing shaft 20 is provided with a drain to discharge excess liquid medicine.
  • Liquid pipe 17 17. During the spraying process of the liquid medicine, since the liquid medicine flows from top to bottom through the liquid medicine channel 24 into each spraying housing in turn, the liquid medicine remaining in the lowest third layer of the spraying housing 7 will gradually increase.
  • the liquid discharge pipe 17 in this embodiment can be connected with a liquid suction pump, and the liquid medicine of the spraying cover of the bottom layer can be pumped away under the action of the liquid suction pump; in addition, a liquid level sensor can be provided in the spraying cover of the bottom layer , According to the actual balance of the liquid medicine to carry out the pumping work.
  • the liquid medicine channel 24 is arranged at the part of the spraying cover that is connected to the atomizing shaft, and there are multiple liquid medicine channels 24 arranged along the circumferential direction. Further, the liquid medicine channel 24 is also arranged at the area where the diversion groove 16 is located in the spraying cover, and the liquid medicine channel 24 penetrates the spraying cover from top to bottom.
  • the first layer of spraying cover 6 is provided with two sets of liquid medicine channels 24, one of which is provided in the area where the diversion groove 16 is located, and the other is provided on the first layer of spraying cover 6 and the third atomizing shaft 20 connected part; there is only one set of liquid medicine channels 24 on the second-layer spraying cover, which is set at the connecting part of the second-layer spraying cover and the second atomizing shaft 21. Since the medicine outlet end of the medicine mixer is connected to the first layer of spraying cover 6 through a pipe, it is easy to store more liquid medicine in the first layer of spraying cover 6.
  • the flow direction of the liquid medicine can be accelerated
  • the speed of the second layer of spraying cover prevents the liquid from staying in the first layer of spraying cover 6 for a long time, and when the height of the first layer of spraying cover 6 is lower than the liquid medicine channel 24 in the area of the diversion groove 16 ,
  • the flow rate of the liquid medicine returns to normal, try to store a certain amount of liquid medicine in the first layer of spraying cover 6; because the inner cavity of the third layer of outer cover is relatively small, a group of medicines is set on the second layer of outer cover.
  • the liquid channel 24 is sufficient to prevent excessive liquid medicine from being stored in the third layer of the outer cover.
  • the corresponding atomization shafts increase in order, and the diameters decrease in sequence.
  • the atomization shafts corresponding to the spray covers located below are coaxially arranged on the corresponding spray covers above.
  • a bearing is arranged between two adjacent atomizing rotating shafts from the inside to the outside. This can make the whole device more compact, save space, and facilitate the rotation of the corresponding spraying cover; all the atomization rotating shafts are arranged coaxially without interfering with each other, and the design is ingenious.
  • the motor is fixed on the motor fixing frame 1
  • the transmission mechanism is a gear transmission mechanism
  • the gear transmission mechanisms corresponding to a plurality of spray housings are arranged on the mounting frame 18 above the uppermost spray housing.
  • a plurality of gear transmission mechanisms are staggered in the height direction; the driving gear in the gear transmission mechanism is connected with the main shaft of the motor, and the driven gear is connected with the corresponding atomizing shaft.
  • this embodiment includes a first motor 3, a second motor 2 and a third motor 4; the first motor 3 is connected to the first driving gear 8, and the first driving gear 8 is connected to the first driving gear 8.
  • a driven gear 9 is matched, and the first driven gear 9 is arranged on the first atomizing shaft 22; the second motor 2 is connected with the second driving gear 10, and the second driving gear 10 is matched with the second driven gear 11 ,
  • the second driven gear 11 is arranged on the second atomizing shaft 21;
  • the third motor 4 is connected to the third driving gear 13, and the third driving gear 13 cooperates with the third driven gear 14, and the third driven gear 14 is arranged on the third atomization shaft 20.
  • the speed regulation control module is a motor speed regulation control module adopting a PWM control mode.
  • the spraying volume of each spraying cover can be changed, so as to realize the micro-adjustment of the spraying volume.
  • the precise control of pesticide spraying variables can be realized.
  • a planting protection drone of this embodiment is provided with the variable spray nozzle device described above.
  • three atomized spraying components A can be installed on the plant protection drone at the same time, so as to expand the spraying range.
  • the three atomized spraying components A are connected to the drone through carbon tubes; of course, different settings can also be provided according to needs.
  • the number of atomized spray components A is not limited to.
  • variable spray nozzle device of the present invention can also be sprayed on the ground on the working device.
  • the water in the water tank and the medicament in the medicine tank in the medicine supply component are delivered by the pump to the mixer according to the set ratio, and after mixing, the liquid medicine is formed and delivered to the first layer spraying cover 6, and the first layer spraying cover 6
  • the liquid medicine flows down through the liquid medicine channel 24 to the second layer spraying cover and the third layer spraying cover 7.
  • Multiple power mechanisms select one or more of them to work according to the spraying volume requirements.
  • the motor transmits the power to the corresponding atomization shaft through the transmission mechanism during work, thereby driving the corresponding spraying cover to rotate.
  • the liquid is rapidly moved and atomized under the rotation of the spraying cover, and the atomized liquid medicine particles are sprayed from the spray hole 15 under the action of centrifugal force.
  • the number of spraying covers to be selected can achieve macroscopic variable control, and because multiple spraying covers are combined together to form an inverted cone structure, the spraying operation ranges of each spraying cover are mutually exclusive. No interference, the spraying radius of the upper spraying cover is larger than the spraying radius of the lower spraying cover; on the other hand, by controlling the motor speed through the speed control module, the spraying volume of each spraying cover can be changed to achieve the spraying volume Micro adjustment, through the combination of macro and micro adjustment means, to achieve precise control of the variables of pesticide spraying.

Abstract

一种变量喷施喷头装置包括供药组件和对药液进行雾化喷洒的雾化喷洒组件（A）。雾化喷洒组件（A）包括从上向下依次设置的多个喷洒外罩，相邻两个喷洒外罩的内部之间设有药液通道（24），多个喷洒外罩组合在一起外部形成倒锥形结构；每个喷洒外罩上设有喷洒孔（15）；每个喷洒外罩内均与雾化动力机构连接，该雾化动力机构包括雾化转轴以及动力机构，该动力机构包括电机以及连接电机主轴和雾化转轴的传动机构；多个喷洒外罩对应的雾化动力机构中的雾化转轴同轴设置；雾化动力机构中的电机与调速控制模块连接。此变量喷施喷头装置实现农药的变量喷施，节省农药，避免环境污染。还提供一种植保无人机。

Description

一种变量喷施喷头装置及植保无人机 技术领域
本发明涉及植保无人机喷施技术领域，更具体地说，它涉及一种变量喷施喷头装置及植保无人机。
背景技术
目前植保机械和喷施技术相对落后，农药利用率不足30％，农药的流失量高达60％～70％以上，农药分布的不均匀程度高达46.6％。农药利用率不足，导致需要喷施大量的农药才能实现预期的喷施效果，这无疑造成了农药的大量浪费和环境污染，因此喷施技术的提高对于提高农药的有效利用率有着非常重要的意义。
常规的植保无人机喷施作业时往往进行全面积等量农药喷施，即就是在植保无人机喷药过程中，喷药的量是不变的，因此不能做到因地制宜，导致农药有效利用率低和环境污染等问题，严重危害了农业的可持续发展。为了达到“精准农业”的目的，必须对每一块耕地采用最合理资源投入以及最精准作业定位，以获取经济和环境上的最大效益。根据这一原则，有必要提出一种可变量喷施农药的喷头装置以及植保无人机。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种变量喷施喷头装置及植保无人机，该装置实现农药的变量喷施，节省农药，避免环境污染。
本发明的上述技术目的是通过以下技术方案得以实现的：一种变量喷施喷头装置，包括用于供给药液的供药组件和用于对药液进行雾化喷洒的雾化喷洒组件，所述雾化喷洒组件包括从上向下依次设置的多个喷洒外罩，相邻两个喷洒外罩的内部之间设有用于让药液通过的药液通道，多个喷洒外罩组合在一起外部形成倒锥形结构；每个喷洒外罩上沿圆周方向密布有喷洒孔；每个喷洒外罩内均与雾化动力机构连接，该雾化动力机构包括多个与对应的喷洒外罩同轴固定设置的雾化转轴以及驱动雾化转轴转动的动力机构，所述动力机构包括电机以及连接电机主轴和雾化转轴的传 动机构；多个喷洒外罩对应的雾化动力机构中的雾化转轴同轴设置；雾化动力机构中的电机与调速控制模块连接；
所述供药组件包括水箱、药箱、混药器、泵以及管道，所述水箱和药箱通过管道和泵与混药器连接，混药器的出药端通过管道连接到最上层的喷洒外罩内。
优选地，所述喷洒外罩的内底部为锥形结构，且内底部上设置有导流槽，该导流槽由喷洒孔处沿着内底部向下延伸，多个导流槽沿着圆周方向均匀分布。
优选地，位于最下层的喷洒外罩对应的雾化转轴为中空轴，该喷洒外罩内底部中心设有汇液槽，该喷洒外罩上的导流槽与所述汇液槽相连通，中空的所述雾化转轴的内腔与所述汇液槽连通，雾化转轴的内腔中设有向外排出多余药液的排液管。
优选地，所述药液通道设置在喷洒外罩中与雾化转轴连接的部位，且设置的药液通道的数量为多个，沿着圆周方向排列。
优选地，所述药液通道还设置在喷洒外罩中导流槽所在区域处，该药液通道从上向下贯穿喷洒外罩。
优选地，从上向下的多个喷洒外罩中，对应的雾化转轴依次增加，直径依次缩小，位于下方的喷洒外罩对应的雾化转轴同轴设置在位于上方的喷洒外罩对应的雾化转轴内；从内到外相邻的两个雾化转轴之间设置有轴承。
优选地，所述电机固定在电机固定架上，所述传动机构为齿轮传动机构；多个喷洒外罩对应的齿轮传动机构设置于最上层的喷洒外罩上方的安装架上，且多个齿轮传动机构在高度方向上错开设置；齿轮传动机构中的主动齿轮与电机的主轴连接，从动齿轮与对应的雾化转轴连接。
优选地，所述调速控制模块为采用PWM控制方式的电机调速控制模块。
优选地，所述喷洒外罩的数量为三个，从上到下依次为第一层喷洒外罩、第二层喷洒外罩和第三层喷洒外罩。
本发明还提供了一种植保无人机，该无人机上设置有上述变量喷施喷头装置。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下有益效果：
1、本发明通过设置多层的喷洒外罩，从宏观上可以选择工作的喷洒外罩的数量来进行喷量调节，并且各个喷洒外罩的喷幅不同，可以需要选择不同喷幅的喷洒外罩进行工作，从微观上可以通过调速控制模块控制电机的转速，改变每个喷洒外罩的喷洒量，通过宏观和微观相结合的调节手段，实现农药喷施的变量精准控制。
2、本发明的变量喷施喷头装置配合无人驾驶植保飞机的高工效作业优势，可以实现对大田经济作物的变量高效植保作业；本发明实现了对药剂的“空中制备”和“空中喷洒”，宏观变量喷施和微观变量喷施相互辅助，按需喷洒，减低农药浪费及对环境等的污染和破坏。
3、本发明的植保无人机能够实现对大田经济作物的变量植保作业，有效的提高农药的利用率，使得大田作物一喷双减更易开展，可替代现有变量喷施模式，从源头实现真正意义上的变量喷施飞防作业。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明的变量喷施喷头装置的其中一种具体实施方式的主视结构示意图。
图2-图4为图1中的雾化喷洒组件的结构示意图，其中，图2为主视剖视图，图3为立体图，图4为另一视角的立体图。
图5为第一层喷洒外罩的立体图。
图6为第二层喷洒外罩的立体图。
图7为第三层喷洒外罩的立体图。
图8-图10为本发明的雾化喷洒组件在不同工作模式时的示意图，其中图8为只有第一层喷洒外罩喷洒药液时的示意图，图9为第一层喷洒外罩与第二层喷洒外罩同时喷洒药液时的示意图，图10为三个喷洒外罩同 时喷洒药液时的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明的目的是提供一种变量喷施喷头装置及植保无人机，以解决现有技术存在的问题。
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
如图1-10所示，一种变量喷施喷头装置，包括用于供给药液的供药组件和用于对药液进行雾化喷洒的雾化喷洒组件A。其中：
所述雾化喷洒组件A包括从上向下依次设置的多个喷洒外罩，相邻两个喷洒外罩的内部之间设有用于让药液通过的药液通道24，多个喷洒外罩组合在一起外部形成倒锥形结构；每个喷洒外罩上沿圆周方向密布有喷洒孔15；每个喷洒外罩内均与雾化动力机构连接，该雾化动力机构包括多个与对应的喷洒外罩同轴固定设置的雾化转轴以及驱动雾化转轴转动的动力机构，所述动力机构包括电机以及连接电机主轴和雾化转轴的传动机构；多个喷洒外罩对应的雾化动力机构中的雾化转轴同轴设置；雾化动力机构中的电机与调速控制模块连接；
所述供药组件包括水箱B、药箱C、混药器(本实施例为混药管D)、供水泵E、供液泵F以及管道，所述水箱B和药箱C通过管道与混药器连接，混药器的出药端通过管道9连接到最上层的喷洒外罩内。
如图图2-图4所示，本实施例中，所述喷洒外罩的数量为三个，从上到下依次为第一层喷洒外罩6、第二层喷洒外罩和第三层喷洒外罩7。所述雾化动力机构的雾化转轴与三个喷洒对应设置，且分别为第一雾化转轴22、第二雾化转轴21以及第三雾化转轴20。
参见图2-图4，三个喷洒外罩的内底部均为锥形结构，且内底部上设 置有导流槽16，该导流槽16由喷洒孔15处沿着内底部向下延伸，多个导流槽16沿着圆周方向均匀分布。将喷洒外罩的内底部设置为锥形结构，使得喷洒外罩内的药液沿着内底部集中往下流动，从而有利于药液通过相应的药液通道24流到位于下方的喷洒外罩中。通过导流槽16的设置，使得在喷洒外罩随雾化转轴转动时，喷洒外罩内的药液能够到导流槽16的引导下随离心作用甩向喷洒孔15处，从而甩出喷洒外罩，实现药液喷洒，导流槽16能够让药液更好地通过喷洒孔15离开喷洒外罩，使得喷洒效果更佳。
如图2所示，第三层喷洒外罩7对应的第三雾化转轴20为中空轴，第三层喷洒外罩7内底部中心设有汇液槽23，第三层喷洒外罩7上的导流槽16与所述汇液槽23相连通，第三雾化转轴20的内腔与所述汇液槽23连通，第三雾化转轴20的内腔中设有向外排出多余药液的排液管17。在药液喷洒过程中，由于药液从上往下通过药液通道24依次流到各个喷洒外罩中，而残留在最低层的第三层喷洒外罩7内的药液会逐渐增加，此时，通过将残留的药液导流到汇液槽23中，并通过排液管17排出第三层喷洒外罩7外，从而避免第三层喷洒外罩7内的药液过多，增加整个装置的重量；同时，排出后的药液返回到混药箱或其他药液回收箱中，重复使用。本实施例中的排液管17可通过与抽液泵连接，在抽液泵的作用下将最底层的喷洒外罩的药液抽走；另外，可在最底层的喷洒外罩中设置液位传感器，根据药液的实际余量进行抽液工作。
如图5-7所示，所述药液通道24设置在喷洒外罩中与雾化转轴连接的部位，且设置的药液通道24的数量为多个，沿着圆周方向排列。进一步地，所述药液通道24还设置在喷洒外罩中导流槽16所在区域处，该药液通道24从上向下贯穿喷洒外罩。本实施例中，第一层喷洒外罩6上设有两组药液通道24，其中一组设置在导流槽16所在区域，另一组设置在第一层喷洒外罩6与第三雾化转轴20连接的部位；第二层喷洒外罩上的药液通道24只有一组，设置在第二层喷洒外罩与第二雾化转轴21连接的部位处。由于混药器的出药端通过管道连接到第一层喷洒外罩6内，使得第一层喷洒外罩6内容易储存较多的药液，通过设置两组药液通道24，能够加快药液流向第二层喷洒外罩的速度，避免药液长时间停留在第一层 喷洒外罩6内，而当第一层喷洒外罩6的药液高度低于位于导流槽16所在区域的药液通道24后，药液的流动速度返回正常，尽量地让一定量的药液储存在第一层喷洒外罩6内；由于第三层外罩的内腔相对较小，因此在第二层外罩上设置一组药液通道24即可，避免第三层外罩内储存过多的药液。
如图2所示，从上向下的三个喷洒外罩中，对应的雾化转轴依次增加，直径依次缩小，位于下方的喷洒外罩对应的雾化转轴同轴设置在位于上方的喷洒外罩对应的雾化转轴内；从内到外相邻的两个雾化转轴之间设置有轴承。这样能够使得整个装置更加紧凑，节省空间，便于带动对应的喷洒外罩转动；所有的雾化转轴同轴设置，同时又不会相互干涉，设计巧妙。
如图2-4所示，所述电机固定在电机固定架1上，所述传动机构为齿轮传动机构；多个喷洒外罩对应的齿轮传动机构设置于最上层的喷洒外罩上方的安装架18上，且多个齿轮传动机构在高度方向上错开设置；齿轮传动机构中的主动齿轮与电机的主轴连接，从动齿轮与对应的雾化转轴连接。
如图2-4所示，本实施例中，包括第一电机3、第二电机2以及第三电机4；所述第一电机3与第一主动齿轮8连接，第一主动齿轮8与第一从动齿轮9配合，第一从动齿轮9设置在第一雾化转轴22上；所述第二电机2与第二主动齿轮10连接，第二主动齿轮10与第二从动齿轮11配合，第二从动齿轮11设置在第二雾化转轴21上；所述第三电机4与第三主动齿轮13连接，第三主动齿轮13与第三从动齿轮14配合，第三从动齿轮14设置在第三雾化转轴20上。
本实施例中，所述调速控制模块为采用PWM控制方式的电机调速控制模块。通过PWN的控制方式，可以改变每个喷洒外罩的喷洒量，从而实现喷洒量的微观调节，通过宏观和微观相结合的调节手段，实现农药喷施的变量精准控制。
如图1所示，本实施例的一种植保无人机，该无人机上设置有上述变量喷施喷头装置。其中，可以在植保无人机上同时设置三个所述雾化喷洒组件A，从而实现扩大喷洒范围，三个雾化喷洒组件A通过碳管与无人机连接；当然，也可根据需要设置不同数量的雾化喷洒组件A。
此外，也可以将本发明的变量喷施喷头装置地面喷施作业装置上。
本实施例的变量喷施喷头装置工作原理是：
供药组件中水箱中的水和药箱中的药剂由泵按设定比例输送至混药器中，经混合后形成药液输送至第一层喷洒外罩6内，第一层喷洒外罩6中的药液通过药液通道24向下流动至第二层喷洒外罩和第三层喷洒外罩7中。多个动力机构根据喷洒量的要求选择其中的一个或多个进行工作，对于单个喷洒外罩，工作时由电机通过传动机构将动力传递给对应的雾化转轴，从而带动对应的喷洒外罩转动，药液在喷洒外罩的旋转带动下，快速运动并雾化，雾化后的药液颗粒在离心力的作用下从喷洒孔15中喷出。在进行喷洒量的调节时，一方面，选择工作的喷洒外罩的数量可以实现宏观的变量调控，并且由于多个喷洒外罩组合在一起外部形成倒锥形结构，因此各个喷洒外罩的喷洒作业范围互不干涉，位于上部的喷洒外罩的喷洒半径大于位于下部的喷洒外罩的喷洒半径；另一方面，通过调速控制模块控制电机的转速，可以改变每个喷洒外罩的喷洒量，从而实现喷洒量的微观调节，通过宏观和微观相结合的调节手段，实现农药喷施的变量精准控制。
本发明应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本发明的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处。综上，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种变量喷施喷头装置，包括用于供给药液的供药组件和用于对药液进行雾化喷洒的雾化喷洒组件，其特征在于：
    所述雾化喷洒组件包括从上向下依次设置的多个喷洒外罩，相邻两个喷洒外罩的内部之间设有用于让药液通过的药液通道，多个喷洒外罩组合在一起外部形成倒锥形结构；每个喷洒外罩上沿圆周方向密布有喷洒孔；每个喷洒外罩内均与雾化动力机构连接，该雾化动力机构包括多个与对应的喷洒外罩同轴固定设置的雾化转轴以及驱动雾化转轴转动的动力机构，所述动力机构包括电机以及连接电机主轴和雾化转轴的传动机构；多个喷洒外罩对应的雾化动力机构中的雾化转轴同轴设置；雾化动力机构中的电机与调速控制模块连接；
    所述供药组件包括水箱、药箱、混药器、泵以及管道，所述水箱和药箱通过管道和泵与混药器连接，混药器的出药端通过管道连接到最上层的喷洒外罩内。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种变量喷施喷头装置，其特征在于：所述喷洒外罩的内底部为锥形结构，且内底部上设置有导流槽，该导流槽由喷洒孔处沿着内底部向下延伸，多个导流槽沿着圆周方向均匀分布。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种变量喷施喷头装置，其特征在于：位于最下层的喷洒外罩对应的雾化转轴为中空轴，该喷洒外罩内底部中心设有汇液槽，该喷洒外罩上的导流槽与所述汇液槽相连通，中空的所述雾化转轴的内腔与所述汇液槽连通，雾化转轴的内腔中设有向外排出多余药液的排液管。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种变量喷施喷头装置，其特征在于：所述药液通道设置在喷洒外罩中与雾化转轴连接的部位，且设置的药液通道的数量为多个，沿着圆周方向排列。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种变量喷施喷头装置，其特征在于：所述药液通道还设置在喷洒外罩中导流槽所在区域处，该药液通道从上向下贯穿喷洒外罩。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的一种变量喷施喷头装置，其特征在于：从上向下的多个喷洒外罩中，对应的雾化转轴依次增加，直径依次缩小，位于下方的喷洒外罩对应的雾化转轴同轴设置在位于上方的喷洒外罩对应的雾化转轴内；从内到外相邻的两个雾化转轴之间设置有轴承。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种变量喷施喷头装置，其特征在于：所述电机固定在电机固定架上，所述传动机构为齿轮传动机构；多个喷洒外罩对应的齿轮传动机构设置于最上层的喷洒外罩上方的安装架上，且多个齿轮传动机构在高度方向上错开设置；齿轮传动机构中的主动齿轮与电机的主轴连接，从动齿轮与对应的雾化转轴连接。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种变量喷施喷头装置，其特征在于：所述调速控制模块为采用PWM控制方式的电机调速控制模块。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种变量喷施喷头装置，其特征在于：所述喷洒外罩的数量为三个，从上到下依次为第一层喷洒外罩、第二层喷洒外罩和第三层喷洒外罩。
  10. 一种植保无人机，其特征在于，该无人机上设置有权利要求1-9任一项所述的变量喷施喷头装置。
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