WO2021093292A1 - 一种2-(2-氨基-丙氧基)乙醇和聚醚多元醇的联产方法 - Google Patents

一种2-(2-氨基-丙氧基)乙醇和聚醚多元醇的联产方法 Download PDF

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WO2021093292A1
WO2021093292A1 PCT/CN2020/090673 CN2020090673W WO2021093292A1 WO 2021093292 A1 WO2021093292 A1 WO 2021093292A1 CN 2020090673 W CN2020090673 W CN 2020090673W WO 2021093292 A1 WO2021093292 A1 WO 2021093292A1
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product
reaction
catalyst
production method
ethanol
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邢益辉
黄东平
芮辉辉
张蒙蒙
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红宝丽集团股份有限公司
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G65/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G65/02Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
    • C08G65/26Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds
    • C08G65/2603Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds the other compounds containing oxygen
    • C08G65/2606Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds the other compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxyl groups
    • C08G65/2609Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds the other compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxyl groups containing aliphatic hydroxyl groups
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C213/00Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C213/02Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton by reactions involving the formation of amino groups from compounds containing hydroxy groups or etherified or esterified hydroxy groups
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C41/00Preparation of ethers; Preparation of compounds having groups, groups or groups
    • C07C41/01Preparation of ethers
    • C07C41/02Preparation of ethers from oxiranes
    • C07C41/03Preparation of ethers from oxiranes by reaction of oxirane rings with hydroxy groups
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G65/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G65/02Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
    • C08G65/26Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds
    • C08G65/2642Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds characterised by the catalyst used
    • C08G65/2645Metals or compounds thereof, e.g. salts
    • C08G65/2648Alkali metals or compounds thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G65/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G65/02Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
    • C08G65/26Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds
    • C08G65/2696Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds characterised by the process or apparatus used

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of chemical synthesis, and specifically relates to a co-production method of 2-(2-amino-propoxy) ethanol and polyether polyol.
  • 2-(2-Amino-propoxy)ethanol is a kind of alcohol amine compound containing hydroxyl and amino structure.
  • This kind of compound can be used as acid gas absorbent, surfactant and wetting agent, etc., can also be used for polymerization Raw materials.
  • the synthesis methods can generally be divided into the following categories: synthetic methods using amino acids (or their derivatives), epoxy compounds, and aziridine derivatives as raw materials, using aldehydes (or ketones) and imines (or nitro compounds).
  • Etc. Etc.
  • the synthesis method using epoxy compound as raw material is one of the commonly used methods, which is mainly carried out by the nucleophilic reaction of epoxy compound and amine
  • US patent US2649483A discloses a method for synthesizing diethanol monoisopropanolamine, which is obtained by reacting diethanolamine and propylene oxide
  • Chinese patent CN102557960A discloses a method for producing alkyl alcohol amines, mainly using alkylene oxide and alkylene oxide. Amine is prepared as a raw material. Although this type of method is commonly used, it has certain drawbacks, such as many by-products, long reaction time, large equipment energy consumption, complex process, and low yield.
  • Polyether polyol is the main raw material of polyurethane products. Its preparation usually uses potassium hydroxide as a catalyst, small molecular polyols as initiators, and epoxides as monomers to carry out ring-opening polymerization at a certain temperature and pressure.
  • Chinese patent CN103554471A discloses a preparation method of polyether polyol for thermal insulation materials, which uses any three of propylene glycol, glycerin, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, sucrose or xylitol as the initiator, and the ring Prepared by the reaction of propane oxide.
  • CN102617848A discloses a preparation method of sorbitol polyether polyol, which is prepared by polymerizing sorbitol and propylene oxide as raw materials under the action of a catalyst and a regulator.
  • the preparation of 2-(2-amino-propoxy)ethanol and polyether polyols will be prepared separately by choosing corresponding independent process routes, which will increase the input cost and the process will take a long time.
  • the reaction raw materials are all related to epoxide. If a suitable raw material can be matched with epoxide to achieve the co-production of 2-(2-amino-propoxy)ethanol and polyether polyol, it will be greatly improved. Reduce capital and time investment.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to achieve the desire for co-production of 2-(2-amino-propoxy)ethanol and polyether polyol, and specifically adopts the following technical solutions:
  • a method for co-production of 2-(2-amino-propoxy)ethanol and polyether polyol including the following steps:
  • the components of the dealkalization mixture have high boiling points and are easy to oxidize, so in step (2), vacuum distillation can be used.
  • the pressure in the kettle is reduced, the boiling point of the components will be reduced accordingly, so it can achieve a better separation effect, reduce energy consumption, and improve production efficiency.
  • the preferred distillation pressure is -0.1 ⁇ -0.0995MPa, corresponding to the top temperature of 60 ⁇ 80°C; the distillation pressure is -0.0995 ⁇ -0.095MPa, corresponding to the top temperature of 80 ⁇ 110°C;
  • the outlet pressure is -0.095 ⁇ -0.05MPa, corresponding to the top temperature of 110 ⁇ 160°C; the distillation pressure is -0.05 ⁇ -0.02MPa, which corresponds to the top temperature of 160 ⁇ 180°C; the distillation pressure is -0.02 ⁇ 0MPa, which corresponds to the tower
  • the top temperature is 180 ⁇ 200°C.
  • Refining techniques such as neutralization separation method, adsorption method, neutralization-adsorption method, cation exchange resin method and extraction-adsorption method in the prior art can all be used in this step.
  • the present invention utilizes the same process route to simultaneously produce 2-(2-amino-propoxy) ethanol and polyether polyol, and successfully solves the complex process, many by-products, and difficult-to-use by-products in the current synthesis technology.
  • (2-Amino-propoxy) ethanol and polyether polyols are prepared by a step-by-step method, and the production costs are high and time-consuming.
  • this application analyzes the commonalities and differences, studies the process path for further utilization, and finally designs a targeted production process that combines hydroxyl amination and polyether synthesis.
  • 2-(2-amino-propoxy)ethanol and polyether polyol can be co-produced, the process flow is simplified, and various intermediate products produced during the production process can be recycled.
  • the intermediate product is used as the raw material for the synthesis of polyether polyols to achieve the most optimization and maximum utilization of raw materials, reduce waste generation and resource waste, and make 2-(2-amino-propoxy) ethanol and polyether polyols Co-production has become a cycle, high-efficiency, energy-saving and environmentally-friendly co-production process.
  • the molar ratio of ethylene glycol to propylene oxide is 1:(0.05-2), more preferably 1:(0.4-1.5).
  • the molar ratio of ethylene glycol to propylene oxide is controlled to be 1:(0.05-2).
  • 2-(2-amino-propoxy)ethanol mainly exists in the form of by-products, which is not conducive to the efficient use of raw materials.
  • the molar ratio of ethylene glycol to propylene oxide is 1:1, which is the best ratio.
  • small molecule by-products are mostly, 1:(1.5 ⁇ In the range of 2), there are many by-products of macromolecules, therefore, 1:(0.4-1.5) is preferred.
  • the overhead product B is ethylene glycol and 1-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy) isopropanol.
  • the bottom product C is a low molecular weight glycol.
  • the bottom product C is a low molecular weight glycol.
  • a variety of by-products are often produced, such as a diol with a molecular weight of 178 and a molecular weight of The diol of 236 and the diol of molecular weight 294.
  • the 1-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy) isopropanol is separated from the polymerization reaction product as the top product, which can simplify the production process, facilitate purification and improve 2-(2-amino -Conversion rate of propoxy) ethanol.
  • the bottom product C is mainly a low-molecular-weight glycol, which can be directly used as a raw material for polyether synthesis, so that the process of polyether synthesis is free of impurities and by-products, and is simple, efficient, and environmentally friendly.
  • the alkali metal catalyst is at least one of potassium alkoxide, sodium alkoxide, and alkali metal hydroxide. In the specific use process, any one or a mixture of two or more of the above-mentioned alkali metal catalysts can be used.
  • the above-mentioned catalyst can achieve catalysis with a small amount of use, increase the reaction efficiency and the conversion rate of the target product, and reduce the generation of by-products, and the above-mentioned catalyst can be used after the reaction is completed.
  • the reaction system can be easily removed, the product purity can be improved, and the production process can be simplified.
  • the catalyst D is a supported catalyst, including a support material and a catalytic material.
  • the support material has a porous structure and is aluminum oxide and/or titanium dioxide.
  • the activity of the catalytic material is
  • the component is a mixture of at least two of metallic nickel, palladium, cobalt, chromium, molybdenum and copper.
  • the mass ratio of the carrier material to the active component is 20:80-30:70.
  • the preparation method of the catalyst D is as follows: the metal salt is prepared into a metal salt solution with a mass concentration of 68-73%, and then the carrier is added, preheated at 70-75°C and stirred for 20 minutes, and the mass concentration is added dropwise to the solution 35-45% Na 2 CO 3 solution, aged for 2 h at 65-75 °C after the dropwise addition; suction filtration, vacuum drying and calcination, the resulting product is ground to 40-50 mesh, and the volume ratio is 30% H 2 / Under the condition of 70% N 2 mixed gas, reduce at 160 ⁇ 170°C for 2h.
  • the above catalyst and preparation method have high conversion rate and high primary amine selectivity, low reaction cost, meet the production process requirements of the present invention, can make the reaction conditions mild and controllable, and reduce the risk in the operation process.
  • the adsorption method in step (2) is a direct adsorption method.
  • the specific steps of the adsorption method are: adding 1 to 6 wt% of pure water to the mixed product A based on the mass of the mixed product A, Put in 0.1-5wt% of adsorbent, stir, vacuum dehydration and then filter, the filtrate is the alkali-removed mixture;
  • the adsorbent in step (2) is at least one of magnesium silicate, aluminum silicate, bentonite, and montmorillonite.
  • adsorbent and adsorption method can be well adapted to the material processing of this application, improve the adsorption effect, shorten the filtration time, can efficiently remove the impurity part in the system, reduce the generation of by-products in the adsorption process, and simplify the process flow. .
  • the bottom product is used as the starting material for polyether synthesis, which realizes the recycling of the products of each process, avoids the waste of raw materials and environmental pollution, and has the characteristics of green energy saving and environmental protection;
  • the catalyst D is self-made, and the remaining components are all commercially available.
  • the pressure in the kettle was vented and the material was discharged.
  • the obtained material was suction filtered and distilled under reduced pressure at 80°C under an absolute pressure of 5 kPa for 1 hour to obtain compound 1 #.
  • the conversion rate is 98%, and the primary amine selectivity is 96%.
  • the 1-6# compounds prepared in the above embodiments are all 2-(2-amino-propoxy)ethanol.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Polyethers (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种2-(2-氨基-丙氧基)乙醇和聚醚多元醇的联产方法,步骤为:(1)将乙二醇和环氧丙烷进行接链反应,得到混合产物A;(2)对混合产物A进行吸附、过滤后进行分馏,得到塔顶产物B和塔底产物C;(3)将塔顶产物B进行临氢氨化反应,得到粗品,提纯后得到2-(2-氨基-丙氧基)乙醇;(4)将塔底产物C与环氧丙烷和/或环氧乙烷反应,精制后得到醚多元醇。本发明利用同一工艺路线,将2-(2-氨基-丙氧基)乙醇与聚醚多元醇同时产出,成功解决目前合成技术中的工艺复杂、副产物多,且副产物难利用的问题以及2-(2-氨基-丙氧基)乙醇与聚醚多元醇分步制备法生产投入成本大、耗时长的问题。

Description

一种2-(2-氨基-丙氧基)乙醇和聚醚多元醇的联产方法 技术领域
本发明属于化工合成技术领域,具体涉及一种2-(2-氨基-丙氧基)乙醇和聚醚多元醇的联产方法。
背景技术
2-(2-氨基-丙氧基)乙醇是一种含有羟基和氨基结构的醇胺类化合物,该类化合物可作为酸性气体吸收剂、表面活性剂和润湿剂等,也可用作聚合物的原料。其合成方法通常可分为如下几大类:以氨基酸(或其衍生物)、环氧化合物、氮杂环丙烷衍生物为原料合成法,用醛(或酮)与亚胺(或硝基物等)的反应合成法,以及氨基羟基化反应合成法等,其中以环氧化合物为原料的合成方法为常用方法之一,其主要是通过环氧化合物与胺的亲核反应进行的,如美国专利US2649483A公开了一种二乙醇单异丙醇胺的合成方法,其以二乙醇胺与环氧丙烷反应得到;中国专利CN102557960A公开了一种生产烷基醇胺的方法,主要以环氧烷与烷基胺为原料制备。此类方法虽然常用,但是存在一定的缺陷,如副产物多、反应时间长、设备能耗大、工艺复杂、产率低等。
聚醚多元醇是聚氨酯产品的主要原料,其制备通常以氢氧化钾为催化剂,以小分子多元醇为起始剂,以环氧化物为单体,在一定的温度及压力下进行开环聚合而成,如中国专利CN103554471A公开了一种保温材料用聚醚多元醇的制备方法,其以丙二醇、甘油、季戊四醇、山梨醇、蔗糖或木糖醇中的任意三种为起始剂,与环氧丙烷反应制得。如CN102617848A公开了一种山梨醇聚醚多元醇的制备方法,其以结晶山梨醇和环氧丙烷为原料,在催化剂和调节剂的作用下进行聚合反应制得。
目前,制备2-(2-氨基-丙氧基)乙醇和聚醚多元醇,会分别选择相应独立的工艺路线来分别制备,这便会带来投入成本的增加且工艺耗时长,由于两者的反应原料均涉及到环氧化物,若能找到一种适合的原料与环氧化物相配合以达到联产2-(2-氨基-丙氧基)乙醇和聚醚多元醇,将会大幅度地减少资金和时间的投入。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于达到2-(2-氨基-丙氧基)乙醇和聚醚多元醇联产的愿望,具体采用如下 技术方案:
一种2-(2-氨基-丙氧基)乙醇和聚醚多元醇的联产方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将乙二醇和环氧丙烷在碱催化剂的作用下,升温至60~160℃进行接链反应,得到混合产物A;
(2)采用吸附法去除混合产物A中的碱催化剂,过滤,得到去碱混合物,将去碱混合物投入精馏塔进行分馏,得到塔顶产物B和塔底产物C,馏出压力为-0.1~0MPa,塔顶温度为60~200℃;
去碱混合物组分的沸点高且易氧化,因此在步骤(2)中,可采用减压精馏。当釜内压力降低后,组分的沸点会相应的降低,因此可以达到更好地分离效果、降低能耗、提高生产效率。步骤(2)中,优选的馏出压力为-0.1~-0.0995MPa,对应塔顶温度为60~80℃;馏出压力为-0.0995~-0.095MPa,对应塔顶温度80~110℃;馏出压力为-0.095~-0.05MPa,对应塔顶温度110~160℃;馏出压力为-0.05~-0.02MPa,对应塔顶温度160~180℃;馏出压力为-0.02~0MPa,对应塔顶温度180~200℃。
(3)将塔顶产物B在催化剂D的作用下进行临氢氨化反应,得到粗品,临氢氨化反应时,反应温度为80~300℃,反应压力为0.5~20MPa;对粗品提纯后得到2-(2-氨基-丙氧基)乙醇,分子式为式(1):
Figure PCTCN2020090673-appb-000001
(4)将塔底产物C与环氧丙烷和/或环氧乙烷在碱金属催化剂的作用下进行反应,反应温度为60~160℃,反应压力为-0.1~1MPa,得到粗聚醚多元醇,粗聚醚多元醇经过精制处理后得到聚醚多元醇。
现有技术中的中和分离法、吸附法、中和-吸附法、阳离子交换树脂法和萃取-吸附法等精制技术均可用于该步骤中。
本发明利用同一工艺路线,将2-(2-氨基-丙氧基)乙醇与聚醚多元醇同时产出,成功解决目前合成技术中的工艺复杂、副产物多,副产物难利用以及2-(2-氨基-丙氧基)乙醇与聚醚多元醇分步制备法生产投入成本大、耗时长的问题。
本申请根据聚合反应主产物及副产物的分子结构及化学特性,分析共性及差异,研究进一步利用的工艺路径,最终有针对性的设计了一条兼并羟基胺化与聚醚合成的生产工艺。利用本申请,可以使2-(2-氨基-丙氧基)乙醇和聚醚多元醇实现联产,简化了工艺流程,且生产 过程所产生的各种中间产物均可循环利用,本申请将中间产物作为聚醚多元醇合成的原料,以实现原材料利用率的最优选和最大化,减少废物的生成和资源浪费,使2-(2-氨基-丙氧基)乙醇和聚醚多元醇的联合生产成为一种循环、高效率、节能环保的联产工艺。
具体地,所述乙二醇与环氧丙烷的投料摩尔比为1:(0.05~2),更为优选的1:(0.4~1.5)。
为了进一步提高本发明所述2-(2-氨基-丙氧基)乙醇的转化率,控制乙二醇与环氧丙烷的摩尔比为1:(0.05~2)。超出此范围,则2-(2-氨基-丙氧基)乙醇主要以副产物的形式存在,不利于原料的高效利用。同时,在此范围内,乙二醇与环氧丙烷的摩尔比为1:1为最佳配比,在1:(0.05~0.4)的范围内,小分子副产物居多,1:(1.5~2)的范围内,大分子副产物居多,因此,优选1:(0.4~1.5)。
具体地,所述塔顶产物B为乙二醇和1-(2-羟基-乙氧基)异丙醇。
具体地,所述塔底产物C为低分子量的二元醇。在聚合反应的过程中,由于乙二醇与环氧丙烷实际反应的摩尔比与理论设计值会有所不同,因此,往往会产生多种副产物,如分子量为178的二元醇,分子量为236的二元醇及分子量为294的二元醇。
利用精馏的方法,将1-(2-羟基-乙氧基)异丙醇作为塔顶产物从聚合反应产物中分离出来,可简化生产工艺流程,方便提纯处理,提高2-(2-氨基-丙氧基)乙醇的转化率。同时,塔底产物C主要为低分子量的二元醇,可以直接作为聚醚合成的原料,使聚醚合成的过程中无杂质无副产物,简单高效环保。
所述碱金属催化剂为醇钾、醇钠、碱金属氢氧化物中的至少一种。在具体使用过程中,可以采用上述碱金属催化剂中任意一种或两种以上的混合物。
在本发明所述的反应体系中,上述催化剂可以在用量很少的情况下即可实现催化作用,提高反应效率和目标产物的转化率,减少副产物的生成,且上述催化剂在反应结束后,可方便的移出反应体系,提高产品纯度,简化生产工艺。
具体地,为保证反应的顺利进行,所述催化剂D为负载型催化剂,包括载体材料和催化材料,所述载体材料具有多孔结构,为三氧化二铝和/或二氧化钛,所述催化材料的活性组分为金属镍、钯、钴、铬、钼、铜中至少两种的混合物。其中的载体材料与活性组分的质量比为20:80~30:70。该催化剂D的制备方法为:将金属盐配制成质量浓度为68~73%的金属盐溶液,然后加入载体,在70~75℃条件下预热并搅拌20min,向溶液中滴加质量浓度为35~45%的Na 2CO 3溶液,滴加结束后在65~75℃条件下老化2h;抽滤、真空干燥并煅烧,所得产物研磨至40~50目,在体积比30%H 2/70%N 2混合气条件下,160~170℃还原2h。
上述催化剂及制备方法具备高转化率与高伯胺选择性,反应成本低,满足本发明生产工艺要求,且可使反应条件温和可控,降低了操作过程中的危险性。
在本申请中,在步骤(2)中的吸附法为直接吸附法,该吸附法的具体步骤为:以混合产物A的质量为基础,向混合产物A中加入1~6wt%的纯水,投入0.1~5wt%的吸附剂,搅拌,进行真空脱水后过滤,滤液为去碱混合物;
步骤(2)中的吸附剂硅酸镁、硅酸铝、膨润土、蒙脱土中的至少一种。
利用上述吸附剂和吸附方法能够很好的适应于本申请的物料处理,提高吸附效果,缩短过滤时间,可高效的脱除体系中的杂质部分,减少吸附过程中副产物的产生,简化工艺流程。
总体而言,本申请的综合优势为:
(1)采用联产的方法,使得在一个工艺过程中可以同时获得2-(2-氨基-丙氧基)乙醇和聚醚多元醇两种产品,工艺过程简单且无废弃物产生,提高了生产效率;
(2)将塔底产物作为聚醚合成的起始原料,实现了各过程产物的循环利用,避免了原料浪费和环境污染,具有绿色节能环保的特点;
(3)通过摩尔配比、催化剂的选择及反应条件限制,使得2-(2-氨基-丙氧基)乙醇的转化率≥98%,选择性≥96%。
具体实施方式:
为了更好地理解本发明,下面结合实施例进一步阐明本发明的内容,但本发明的内容不仅仅局限于下面的实施例。
以下实施例中,催化剂D为自制,其余组分均为市场购得。
催化剂D的制备:
分别称取170g硝酸镍Ni(NO 3) 2,19g硝酸钴Co(NO 3) 2,1g硝酸铬Cr(NO 3) 2,0.9g硝酸钼Mo(NO 3) 2置于90g去离子水中,按照载体材料与活性组分的质量比为20:80加入15.4g的载体Al 2O 3,加热并搅拌至70℃,20min后向其中滴加质量分数为35%的Na 2CO 3溶液,滴加结束后65℃老化2h;抽滤,并分别用去离子水及无水乙醇充分洗涤2次,然后在100℃下真空干燥2h,再在500℃下煅烧2h;煅烧结束后将所得催化剂研磨至40目,再以30%H 2/70%N 2混合气于160℃下还原2h,得黑色固体粉末催化剂D,命名为1#催化剂。
分别称取170g硝酸镍Ni(NO 3) 2,20g硝酸钴Co(NO 3) 2,30g硝酸铬Cr(NO 3) 2,30g硝酸钯Pd(NO 3) 2置于100g去离子水中,按照载体材料与活性组分的质量比为25:75加入15.9g的载体Al 2O 3以及12g的TiO 2,加热并搅拌至75℃,20min后向其滴加质量分数40%的Na 2CO 3 溶液,滴加结束后70℃老化2h;抽滤,并分别用去离子水及无水乙醇各洗涤2次,然后在100℃下真空干燥2h,再在500℃下煅烧2h;煅烧结束将所得催化剂研磨至50目,再以30%H 2/70%N 2混合气于165℃下还原2h,得黑色固体粉末催化剂D,命名为2#催化剂。
分别称取132g醋酸镍Ni(CH 3COO) 2,56.7g醋酸钴Co(CH 3COO) 2,19g醋酸铜Cu(CH 3COO) 2,18.9g醋酸钼Mo(CH 3COO) 2置于85g去离子水中,按照载体材料与活性组分的质量比为30:70加入33.3g的载体TiO 2,加热并搅拌至75℃,20min后向其滴加质量分数45%的Na 2CO 3溶液,滴加结束后75℃老化2h;抽滤,并分别用去离子水及无水乙醇各洗涤2次,然后在100℃下真空干燥2h,再在320℃下煅烧3.5h;煅烧结束将催化剂研磨至40目,再以30%H 2/70%N 2混合气于170℃下还原2h,得黑色固体粉末催化剂D,命名为3#催化剂。
实施例1:
向3L的反应釜中加入745g乙二醇和6.4g氢氧化钾,按照乙二醇与环氧丙烷的投料摩尔比为1:2通入1394g环氧丙烷,升温至60℃进行接链反应1h,得到混合产物A。
然后向混合产物A中加入21g的纯水,加入1.8g的硅酸镁和0.3g的硅酸铝作吸附剂,搅拌1h后,真空脱水,过滤,然后进入精馏塔,设定馏出压力为0MPa,塔顶温度为200℃,对混合产物A中的组分进行分离,得到1348g塔顶产物B和578g塔底产物C。
将1348g塔顶产物B、149.7g 1#催化剂置于5L的高压反应釜中,分别进行N 2与H 2置换各两次,向高压反应釜内通入1909g液NH 3,再向高压反应釜内充入H 2,升温至80℃,高压反应釜的釜内压力控制在20MPa,维持此条件进行临氢氨化反应3h。放空釜内压力并出料,所得物料抽滤并在80℃,在绝对压力5kPa的真空度下,减压蒸馏1h后得1#化合物。转化率为98%,伯胺选择性为96%。
将578g塔底产物C、2g氢氧化钾加入到2L的反应釜中,用氮气置换至氧含量低于100ppm,搅拌下升温至60℃,然后开始投入环氧丙烷580g,控制反应温度在60~70℃,反应压力为0.5~1MPa,反应1h后,将釜内压力降至常压。然后向反应釜中加入12g的纯水,加入1.2g的硅酸镁作吸附剂,搅拌1h后,真空脱水,当水含量达到0.05%以下时停止脱水,过滤,得到1#聚醚多元醇,数均分子量为1158。
实施例2:
向3L的反应釜中加入745g乙二醇和2.4g乙二醇钠和3g氢氧化钠,按照乙二醇与环氧丙烷的投料摩尔比为1:1.5通入1045g环氧丙烷,升温至80℃进行接链反应1h,得到混合产物A。
然后向混合产物A中加入36g的纯水后,加入17.9g的硅酸镁,搅拌1h后,真空脱水,过滤,然后进入精馏塔,设定馏出压力为-0.02MPa,塔顶温度为180℃,对混合产物A中的组分进行分离,得到1209g塔顶产物B和403g塔底产物C。
将1209g塔顶产物B、80.6g 2#催化剂置于5L的高压反应釜中,分别进行N 2与H 2置换各两次,向高压反应釜内通入1712g液NH 3,再向高压反应釜内充入H 2,升温至140℃,高压反应釜的釜内压力控制在15MPa,维持此条件进行临氢氨化反应3h。冷却降温至100℃后放空釜内压力并出料,所得物料抽滤并在100℃,在绝对压力5kPa真空度下减压蒸馏1h后得2#化合物。转化率为98.7%,伯胺选择性为97%。
将403g塔底产物C、2g氢氧化钾加入到2L的反应釜中,用氮气置换至氧含量低于100ppm,搅拌下升温至80℃,然后开始投入环氧乙烷440g,控制反应温度在80~90℃,反应压力为0.5~0.8MPa,反应1h后,将釜内压力降至常压。然后向反应釜中加入17g的纯水,加入8.4g的硅酸镁作吸附剂,搅拌1h后,真空脱水,当水含量达到0.05%以下时停止脱水,过滤,得到2#聚醚多元醇,数均分子量为843。
实施例3:
向2L的反应釜中加入745g乙二醇和4.3g氢氧化钠,按照乙二醇与环氧丙烷的投料摩尔比为1:1通入697g环氧丙烷,升温至100℃进行接链反应1h,得到混合产物A。
然后向混合产物A中加入43g的纯水后,加入18.8g的硅酸镁和10g的膨润土作吸附剂,搅拌1h后,真空脱水,过滤,然后进入精馏塔,设定馏出压力为-0.05MPa,塔顶温度为160℃,对混合产物A中的组分进行分离,得到1103g塔顶产物B和195g塔底产物C。
将1103g塔顶产物B、61.3g 1#催化剂置于5L的高压反应釜中。分别进行N 2与H 2置换各两次,向高压反应釜内通入1563g液NH 3,再向高压反应釜内充入H 2,升温至180℃,高压反应釜的釜内压力控制在10MPa,维持此条件进行临氢氨化反应3h。冷却降温至100℃后放空釜内压力并出料,所得物料抽滤并在100℃,在绝对压力5kPa真空度下减压蒸馏1h后得3#化合物。转化率为99%,伯胺选择性为98%。
将195g塔底产物C、2g氢氧化钾加入到2L的反应釜中,用氮气置换至氧含量低于100ppm,搅拌下升温至100℃,然后开始投入环氧丙烷580g,控制反应温度在100~110℃,反应压力为0.2~0.9MPa,反应1h后,将釜内压力降至常压。然后向反应釜中加入23g的纯水,加入15.5g的硅酸镁,搅拌1h后,真空脱水,当水含量达到0.05%以下时停止脱水,过滤,得到3#聚醚多元醇,数均分子量为775。
实施例4:
向2L的反应釜中加入745g乙二醇和3.9g乙二醇钠,按照乙二醇与环氧丙烷的投料摩尔比为1:0.8通入558g环氧丙烷,升温至120℃进行接链反应1h,得到混合产物A。
然后向混合产物A加入52g的纯水后,加入39.1g的硅酸镁作吸附剂,搅拌1h后,真空脱水,过滤,然后进入精馏塔,设定馏出压力为-0.095MPa,塔顶温度为110℃,对混合产物A中的组分进行分离,得到938g塔顶产物B和394g塔底产物C。
将938g塔顶产物B、83.4g 2#催化剂置于3L的高压反应釜中。分别进行N 2与H 2置换各两次,向高压反应釜内通入1329g液NH 3,再向高压反应釜内充入H 2,升温至230℃,高压反应釜的釜内压力控制在5MPa,维持此条件进行临氢氨化反应3h。冷却降温至100℃后放空釜内压力并出料,所得物料抽滤并在100℃,在绝对压力5kPa真空度下减压蒸馏1h后得4#化合物。转化率为98.5%,伯胺选择性为97.5%。
将394g塔底产物C、2g氢氧化钾加入到2L的反应釜中,用氮气置换至氧含量低于100ppm,搅拌下升温至120℃,然后开始投入环丙580g,控制反应温度在120~130℃,反应压力为0~0.6MPa,反应1h后,将釜内压力降至常压。然后向反应釜中加入39g的纯水,加入29.2g的硅酸镁作吸附剂,搅拌1h后,真空脱水,当水含量达到0.05%以下时停止脱水,过滤,得到4#聚醚多元醇,数均分子量为974。
实施例5:
向2L的反应釜中加入1118g乙二醇和1g乙二醇钾和3.6g氢氧化钾,按照乙二醇与环氧丙烷的投料摩尔比为1:0.4通入418g环氧丙烷,升温至140℃进行接链反应1h,得到混合产物A。
然后向混合产物A加入77g的纯水后,加入50g的硅酸镁和11.4g的蒙脱土作吸附剂,搅拌1h后,真空脱水,过滤,然后进入精馏塔,设定馏出压力为-0.0995MPa,塔顶温度为80℃,对混合产物A中的组分进行分离,得到1037g塔顶产物B和346g塔底产物C。
将1037g塔顶产物B、80.6g 3#催化剂置于3L的高压反应釜中。分别进行N 2与H 2置换各两次,向高压反应釜内通入1468g液NH 3,再向高压反应釜内充入H 2,升温至280℃,高压反应釜的釜内压力控制在2MPa,维持此条件进行临氢氨化反应3h。冷却降温至100℃后放空釜内压力并出料,所得物料抽滤并在100℃,在绝对压力5kPa真空度下减压蒸馏1h后得5#化合物。转化率为99.5%,伯胺选择性为96.5%。
将346g塔底产物C、2g氢氧化钾加入到2L的反应釜中,用氮气置换至氧含量低于100ppm,搅拌下升温至140℃,然后开始投入环丙580g,控制反应温度在140~150℃,反应压力为-0.05~0MPa,反应1h后,将釜内压力降至常压。然后向反应釜中加入46g的纯水,加入37g的硅酸镁,搅拌1h后,真空脱水,当水含量达到0.05%以下时停止脱水,过滤,得到5#聚醚多元醇,数均分子量为926。
实施例6:
向2L的反应釜中加入1490g乙二醇和2.7g氢氧化钾和2g氢氧化钠,按照乙二醇与环氧丙烷的投料摩尔比为1:0.05通入70g环氧丙烷,升温至160℃进行接链反应1h,得到混合产物A。
然后向混合产物A加入94g的纯水后,加入47g的硅酸镁和31g的硅酸铝作吸附剂,搅拌1h后,真空脱水,过滤,然后进入精馏塔,设定馏出压力为-0.1MPa,塔顶温度为60℃,对混合产物A中的组分进行分离,得到983g塔顶产物B和395g塔底产物C。
将983g塔顶产物B、98.3g 3#催化剂置于3L的高压反应釜中。分别进行N 2与H 2置换各两次,向高压反应釜内通入1392g液NH 3,再向高压反应釜内充入H 2,升温至300℃,高压反应釜的釜内压力控制在0.5MPa,维持此条件进行临氢氨化反应3h。冷却降温至100℃后放空釜内压力并出料,所得物料抽滤并在100℃,在绝对压力5kPa真空度下减压蒸馏1h后得6#化合物。转化率为98%,伯胺选择性为96%。
将395g塔底产物C、2g氢氧化钾加入到2L的反应釜中,用氮气置换至氧含量低于100ppm,搅拌下升温至150℃,然后开始投入环丙580g,控制反应温度在150~160℃,反应压力为-0.1~0MPa,反应1h后,将釜内压力降至常压。然后向反应釜中加入59g的纯水,加入48.8g的硅酸镁作吸附剂,搅拌1h后,真空脱水,当水含量达到0.05%以下时停止脱水,过滤,得到6#聚醚多元醇,数均分子量为975。
以上各实施例中所制备的1-6#化合物均为2-(2-氨基-丙氧基)乙醇。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种2-(2-氨基-丙氧基)乙醇和聚醚多元醇的联产方法,其特征在于,步骤如下:
    (1)将乙二醇和环氧丙烷在碱催化剂的作用下,升温至60~160℃进行接链反应,得到混合产物A;
    (2)采用吸附法去除混合产物A中的碱催化剂,过滤,得到去碱混合物,将去碱混合物投入精馏塔进行分馏,得到塔顶产物B和塔底产物C,馏出压力为-0.1~0MPa,塔顶温度为60~200℃;
    (3)将塔顶产物B在催化剂D的作用下进行临氢氨化反应,得到粗品,临氢氨化反应时,反应温度为80~300℃,反应压力为0.5~20MPa;对粗品提纯后得到2-(2-氨基-丙氧基)乙醇,分子式为式(1):
    Figure PCTCN2020090673-appb-100001
    (4)将塔底产物C与环氧丙烷和/或环氧乙烷在碱金属催化剂的作用下进行反应,反应温度为60~160℃,反应压力为-0.1~1MPa,得到粗聚醚多元醇,粗聚醚多元醇经过精制处理后得到聚醚多元醇。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的联产方法,其特征在于,所述乙二醇和环氧丙烷的投料摩尔比为1:(0.05~2)。
  3. 根据权利要求1中所述的联产方法,其特征在于,所述塔顶产物B为乙二醇和1-(2-羟基-乙氧基)异丙醇。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的联产方法,其特征在于,所述塔底产物C为低分子量的二元醇。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的联产方法,其特征在于,所述碱金属催化剂为醇钾、醇钠、碱金属氢氧化物中的至少一种。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的联产方法,其特征在于,所述催化剂D为负载型催化剂,包括载体材料和催化材料,所述载体材料具有多孔结构,为三氧化二铝和/或二氧化钛,所述催化材料的活性组分为金属镍、钯、钴、铬、钼、铜中至少两种的混合物。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的联产方法,其特征在于,所述载体材料与活性组分的质量比为20:80~30:70。
  8. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的联产方法,其特征在于,所述催化剂D的制备方法为:将金属盐配制成质量浓度为68~73%的金属盐溶液,然后加入载体,在70~75℃条件下预热并 搅拌20min,向溶液中滴加质量浓度为35~45%的Na 2CO 3溶液,滴加结束后在65~75℃条件下老化2h;抽滤、真空干燥并煅烧,所得产物研磨至40~50目,在体积比30%H 2/70%N 2混合气条件下,160~170℃还原2h。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的联产方法,其特征在于,
    在步骤(2)中的吸附法为直接吸附法,该吸附法的具体步骤为:以混合产物A的质量为基础,向混合产物A中加入1~6wt%的纯水,投入0.1~5wt%的吸附剂,搅拌,进行真空脱水后过滤,滤液为去碱混合物。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的联产方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中的吸附剂硅酸镁、硅酸铝、膨润土、蒙脱土中的至少一种。
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