WO2021073009A1 - 一种聚酰胺海岛纤维及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种聚酰胺海岛纤维及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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WO2021073009A1
WO2021073009A1 PCT/CN2020/072229 CN2020072229W WO2021073009A1 WO 2021073009 A1 WO2021073009 A1 WO 2021073009A1 CN 2020072229 W CN2020072229 W CN 2020072229W WO 2021073009 A1 WO2021073009 A1 WO 2021073009A1
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island
sea
polyamide
component
temperature
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PCT/CN2020/072229
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English (en)
French (fr)
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孙朝续
刘修才
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上海凯赛生物技术股份有限公司
Cibt美国公司
凯赛（金乡）生物材料有限公司
凯赛(乌苏)生物材料有限公司
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Application filed by 上海凯赛生物技术股份有限公司, Cibt美国公司, 凯赛（金乡）生物材料有限公司, 凯赛(乌苏)生物材料有限公司 filed Critical 上海凯赛生物技术股份有限公司
Priority to EP20877073.5A priority Critical patent/EP4047113A4/en
Priority to US17/769,779 priority patent/US20220389623A1/en
Priority to JP2022523097A priority patent/JP2022552567A/ja
Priority to KR1020227016440A priority patent/KR20220107171A/ko
Publication of WO2021073009A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021073009A1/zh

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
    • D01F8/12—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyamide as constituent
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D10/00—Physical treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture, i.e. during a continuous production process before the filaments have been collected
    • D01D10/02—Heat treatment
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
    • D01D5/088—Cooling filaments, threads or the like, leaving the spinnerettes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
    • D01D5/088—Cooling filaments, threads or the like, leaving the spinnerettes
    • D01D5/092—Cooling filaments, threads or the like, leaving the spinnerettes in shafts or chimneys
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/12—Stretch-spinning methods
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/28—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like while mixing different spinning solutions or melts during the spinning operation; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D01D5/30—Conjugate filaments; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D01D5/34—Core-skin structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/28—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like while mixing different spinning solutions or melts during the spinning operation; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D01D5/30—Conjugate filaments; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D01D5/36—Matrix structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
    • D01F8/06—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyolefin as constituent
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
    • D01F8/14—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyester as constituent
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of polyamide materials, and relates to a polyamide sea-island fiber and a preparation method and application thereof.
  • the island-in-the-sea composite fiber also known as super conjugate fiber, is formed by embedding a polymer in a very fine form (fibril) in another polymer (matrix).
  • the cross-section of the fiber is island-shaped and is called sea-island fiber.
  • the sea-island fiber dissolves the sea component to obtain superfine fiber.
  • it can be divided into fixed islands and indefinite islands.
  • the distribution of island-shaped fiber islands is uniform and fixed.
  • composite spinning is adopted, that is, two polymers are spun by a melt composite spinning machine and a special spinning assembly, and one of the components is as uniform as an island. Distributed in another polymer (sea component). Indefinite island fiber islands are not fixed and not uniform enough.
  • the thickness varies greatly.
  • the thinnest fiber is thinner than the fixed island fiber, but the thickness can be more than 0.1dtex.
  • Blended spinning is mainly used.
  • the sea component in the sea-island composite fiber is a water-soluble polymer. Through hydrolysis, the sea component is dissolved to obtain each island component to form ultra-fine fibers with a linear density of 0.03-0.3dtex, which are mainly used for imitating suede materials. Or dissolve the island components to obtain hollow fibers, which are mainly used in adsorption materials.
  • the ultra-fine special effects of sea-island fiber make it have excellent performance that ordinary fiber can't reach: 1 soft and delicate hand, and significantly reduced bending rigidity; 2 good flexibility, increased bending rigidity; 3 soft gloss and increased diffuse light; 4 high cleaning ability , The contact area increases; 5 high water and oil absorption; 6 high-density structure; 7 warmth retention, more still air.
  • the product has the hygroscopicity, softness and comfort of natural leather, and has the advantages of good chemical resistance, high physical performance, waterproof and light weight. It is mainly used in clothing, home textiles and industrial applications. Clothing includes imitation wool, imitation silk, imitation leather, imitation peach skin, imitation suede, high-density waterproof fabric, thermal insulation materials, safety shoes, etc.; home textiles include high-performance cleaning cloth, sofa cloth, curtain cloth, luggage, etc.; industry Application areas include electronic product protection equipment, automotive interiors, high-performance suction filter materials, high oil absorption materials, and high water absorption materials.
  • Sea-island composite fiber has low linear density, large specific surface area, more and fast adsorption of dyes, and small fiber radius.
  • the distance for the dye to diffuse into the fiber is short, the diffusion time is short, and the dye is easy to dye through.
  • the fiber has a high content of amorphous areas and dyes up. Fast, resulting in poor level dyeing of sea-island fibers. Due to the large surface area of the microfiber, the surface is not smooth enough, the amount of dye is large, the stained dye is too much and it is difficult to wash out, so the wet fastness of the microfiber fabric is lower than that of the conventional fiber.
  • CN 106987923 A discloses a dope-colored black sea-island fiber, and provides a dope-colored black sea-island fiber to solve the problem of difficult dyeing and poor color fastness of the sea-island fiber. It contains a sea component and an island component, and the island component contains weight The content is 1%-60% black masterbatch and 10%-90% polyamide 6 or polyester. The sea component is alkali-soluble polyester. After fiber opening treatment, the fineness is less than 0.08 dtex, and the blackness L value is less than 15 , The color fastness is not lower than level 4. The sea-island fiber is black and the color is too single, which limits its application field.
  • CN 106435821 A discloses a blended melted sea-island fiber and ultrafine fiber and a preparation method thereof.
  • the island component is polyamide
  • the sea component is a water-soluble polyester compound.
  • the polyamide and water-soluble polyester are blended and melt-spun, and the sea-island fiber is placed in hot water for water-alkali treatment to remove the polyester sea component. After separation, polyamide ultrafine fibers are obtained.
  • the island component is selected from polyamide 6 and polyamide 66, and the sea component is selected from water-soluble polyester.
  • the sea-island fiber is prepared by blending spinning method.
  • the island component is used as the dispersed phase and the sea component is used as the matrix.
  • the uneven blending during the processing can easily cause uneven distribution of the island component.
  • the thickness of the component after opening is very different, which affects the subsequent dyeing and causes color difference. phenomenon.
  • the first object of the present invention is to provide a polyamide sea-island fiber with better mechanical properties, better softness and good dyeing properties at the same time.
  • the second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing polyamide sea-island fiber, in which the island component polyamide is made of materials from non-petroleum-based sources (ie, bio-based sources), which will not cause major pollution and is beneficial to Environmental protection.
  • non-petroleum-based sources ie, bio-based sources
  • the third object of the present invention is to provide an application of polyamide sea-island fiber.
  • the solution of the present invention is:
  • the polyamide sea-island fiber wherein the island component is a polyamide resin, selected from polyamide 56, polyamide 510, polyamide 511, polyamide 512, polyamide 513, polyamide 514, polyamide 515, polyamide 516
  • the sea component is one of polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, polystyrene, water-soluble polyester, polyester, and polyurethane, preferably polyethylene, Low-density polyethylene, water-soluble polyester.
  • the island component may be bright, semi-dull, full-dull, and mixtures thereof.
  • the relative viscosity of the island component polyamide resin is 2.4-3.0, preferably 2.5-2.9, more preferably 2.6-2.8; and/or,
  • the mass ratio of the island component to the sea component of the sea-island fiber is 20-80:80-20, more preferably 30-70:70-30.
  • the sea-island fibers include fixed-island sea-island fibers and unfixed-island sea-island fibers; and/or,
  • the number of islands of the fixed island type sea-island fiber is 16-500;
  • the polyamide sea-island fiber has a fineness of 10-300 dtex, preferably 20-200 dtex, more preferably 30-100 dtex; and/or,
  • the breaking strength of the polyamide sea-island fiber is 2.0-5.0 cN/dtex, preferably 2.5-4.5 cN/dtex, more preferably 3.0-4.0 cN/dtex; and/or,
  • the elongation at break of the polyamide sea-island fiber is 30-80%, preferably 40-70%, more preferably 45-60%; and/or,
  • the initial modulus of the polyamide sea-island fiber is 20-50 cN/dtex, preferably 23-45 cN/dtex, more preferably 28-38 cN/dtex; and/or,
  • the monofilament fineness of the island component of the polyamide sea-island fiber after opening is 0.001-0.2 dtex, preferably 0.005-0.1 dtex, more preferably 0.01-0.05 dtex; and/or,
  • the polyamide sea-island fiber has a K/S value ⁇ 15, preferably a K/S value ⁇ 20, more preferably a K/S value ⁇ 25; and/or,
  • the dye uptake rate of the polyamide sea-island fiber is ⁇ 90%, preferably ⁇ 93%, more preferably ⁇ 96%; and/or,
  • the dyeing uniformity (grey card) of the polyamide sea-island fiber is ⁇ 3.5 grade, preferably ⁇ 4.0 grade, more preferably ⁇ 4.5 grade; and/or,
  • the soaping fastness of the polyamide sea-island fiber fading fastness ⁇ 3.0 grade, preferably ⁇ 3.5 grade, more preferably ⁇ 4.0 grade, even more preferably ⁇ 4.5 grade; and/or,
  • the color fastness of the polyamide sea-island fiber is ⁇ 3.0 grade, preferably ⁇ 3.5 grade, more preferably ⁇ 4.0 grade, and even more preferably ⁇ 4.5 grade.
  • a method for preparing the above-mentioned island-shaped sea-island fiber includes the following steps:
  • the island component and the sea component resin are respectively heated and melted according to a certain ratio to obtain two melts.
  • the two melts are transported to the spinning box through the melt pipeline, and the two melts are accurately measured by the metering pump, and then injected To the island-in-the-sea composite component in the spinning box, after being distributed through the distribution pipe in the component, the two melts are converged and extruded at the entrance of the spinneret; wherein the water content of the island component is less than 1500 ppm, and the The water content of sea components is less than 300ppm;
  • step 2) Cooling, oiling, stretching, shaping, and winding the nascent fiber extruded in step 1) to obtain the island-shaped sea-island fiber.
  • the heating in step 1) is carried out in a screw extruder, and the screw extruder is preferably divided into five zones for heating;
  • Island component screw the temperature in the first zone is 200-260°C; the temperature in the second zone is 230-280°C; the temperature in the third zone is 240-290°C; the temperature in the fourth zone is 260-300°C; the temperature in the fifth zone is 270-310°C;
  • the temperature in zone one is 120-220°C; the temperature in zone two is 140-240°C; the temperature in zone three is 160-260°C; the temperature in zone four is 180-280°C; the temperature in zone five is 160-290°C;
  • the temperature of the two melts is the key to controlling the cross-sectional shape of the two components after the composite.
  • the temperature is too high or too low, the cross-sectional shape of the nascent yarn will change, and the uniformity of the cross-sectional shape will also decrease.
  • the difference in the viscosity of the two polymer melts will affect the cross-sectional shape.
  • step 1) the temperature of the spinning box is 200-300°C; the pressure of the island component is 10.0-15.0 MPa; the pressure of the sea component is 8.0-15.0 MPa, and the pressure difference of the island component is controlled to be less than 4.0 MPa.
  • step 2) the cooling is performed by side blowing or ring blowing; the wind speed is 0.2-1.2m/s, preferably 0.2-1.0m/s, more preferably 0.3-0.8m/s;
  • the wind temperature for blowing is 15-30°C, preferably 20-27°C, more preferably 22-25°C; and/or,
  • the oiling concentration is 0.2-1.0% by weight, preferably 0.3-0.8% by weight, more preferably 0.4-0.6% by weight, and the oiling concentration is calculated relative to the weight of the fiber; and/or,
  • the stretching process is as follows: the nascent silk after being oiled is guided to a hot stretching roller through a feeding roller for stretching, and the stretching ratio of the stretching is preferably 2.0-5.0, more preferably 2.5-3.0; and / or,
  • the setting temperature is 150-220°C, preferably 160-200°C, more preferably 170-180°C; and/or,
  • the winding speed is 1000-6000 m/min, preferably 2000-5000 m/min, more preferably 2500-4000 m/min.
  • the method further includes subjecting the sea-island fiber obtained in step 2) to fiber opening treatment in a solvent to remove sea components;
  • the solvent is toluene, xylene, 1-10wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution;
  • the opening temperature is 60-100°C, preferably 65-95°C, more preferably 75-85°C;
  • the opening time is 10-70min, Preferably it is 20-60min, more preferably 30-50min;
  • the bath ratio is 1:10-1:80, preferably 1:20-1:60, more preferably 1:30-1:40;
  • the weight loss rate of the sea-island fiber is 20-50wt%, preferably 25-45wt%, more preferably 30-40wt%.
  • a method for preparing the above-mentioned indefinite island-shaped sea-island fiber includes the following steps:
  • the island component and the sea component are uniformly mixed according to a certain ratio and then heated and melted.
  • the blended melt is transported to the spinning box through the melt pipeline, and after being accurately measured by the metering pump, it is injected into the spinning box.
  • the blended melt is extruded from the spinneret; the water content of the island component is less than 1500 ppm, and the water content of the sea component is less than 300 ppm;
  • the heating in step a) is carried out in a screw extruder.
  • the screw extruder is preferably divided into five heating zones: the temperature in the first zone is 180-240°C; the temperature in the second zone is 200-260°C; the temperature in the third zone is 220-270°C; temperature in zone four is 240-280°C; temperature in zone five is 200-300°C;
  • step a the temperature of the spinning box is 200-300°C; the component pressure is 10.0-25.0 MPa.
  • step b) the cooling is performed by side blowing or ring blowing; the wind speed is 0.2-1.2m/s, preferably 0.4-1.0m/s, more preferably 0.6-0.8m/s; The wind temperature for blowing is 15-30°C, preferably 23-27°C, more preferably 24-25°C; and/or,
  • the oiling concentration is 0.2-1.0% by weight, preferably 0.3-0.8% by weight, more preferably 0.4-0.6% by weight, and the oiling concentration is calculated relative to the weight of the fiber; and/or,
  • the stretching process is as follows: the nascent silk after being oiled is guided to a hot stretching roller through a feeding roller for stretching, and the stretching ratio of the stretching is preferably 2.0-5.0, more preferably 2.5-3.0; and / or,
  • the setting temperature is 150-220°C, preferably 160-200°C, more preferably 170-180°C; and/or,
  • the winding speed is 1000-6000 m/min, preferably 2000-5000 m/min, more preferably 2500-4000 m/min.
  • the method further includes subjecting the sea-island fiber obtained in step b) to fiber opening treatment in a solvent to remove sea components;
  • the solvent is toluene, xylene, 1-10wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution;
  • the opening temperature is 60-100°C, preferably 65-95°C, more preferably 75-85°C;
  • the opening time is 10- 70min, preferably 20-60min, more preferably 30-50min;
  • bath ratio is 1:10-1:80, preferably 1:20-1:60, more preferably 1:30-1:40;
  • the weight loss rate of the sea-island fiber is 20-50wt%, preferably 25-45wt%, more preferably 30-40wt%.
  • Polyamide sea-island fibers include filaments and short fibers, mainly in the preparation of wool, silk, leather, jeanette, suede, high-density waterproof fabric, high-performance cleaning cloth, high-performance suction filter material, high oil absorption Materials, super absorbent materials, thermal insulation materials, medical materials, automotive interior materials, safety shoes, luggage, handbags, sofas and other fields.
  • the fabric processed by the polyamide sea-island fiber of the present invention has a softer hand feel, good permeability and dyeability than general sea-island fabrics.
  • This kind of fabric is more suitable for wiping cloth, with good effect and not easy to damage the surface of the object to be wiped.
  • the super-complete matting effect of this fabric is fully reflected in down jacket fabrics and nurse clothes.
  • the production method is simple and easy to operate.
  • the raw material for the production of the island component of the polyamide sea-island fiber of the present invention is made by a biological method, which is a green material, does not depend on petroleum resources and does not cause serious pollution to the environment, and can reduce carbon dioxide emissions and reduce the greenhouse effect. .
  • the polyamide sea-island fiber of the present invention has better mechanical properties and better softness.
  • the polyamide sea-island fiber of the present invention has good dyeing properties, high dyeing gray card grade, high dye uptake, deep dyeing and high color fastness.
  • the polyamide sea-island fiber of the present invention has a monofilament fineness of 0.01-0.2dtex after opening.
  • the monofilament is thinner, the fiber feels soft and delicate, the bending stiffness is significantly reduced, the gloss is soft, the fiber specific surface area is larger, and the structure is high-density.
  • It is more suitable for use in imitation wool, imitation silk, imitation leather, imitation peach skin, imitation suede, high-density waterproof fabric, high-performance cleaning cloth, high-performance suction filter material, high oil-absorbing material, high water-absorbing material, thermal insulation material, medical Materials, automotive interior materials, safety shoes, electronic product protection equipment, luggage, handbags, sofas and other fields.
  • the breaking strength is measured in accordance with GB/T 14344-2008.
  • the elongation at break is measured in accordance with GB/T 14344-2008.
  • the initial modulus is defined as the breaking strength when the elongation at break is 1%.
  • Weight loss rate (wt%) (fiber weight before fiber opening-fiber weight after fiber opening)/fiber weight before fiber opening ⁇ 100%
  • the K/S value of the dyed fabric is measured with a computer color measuring and color matching instrument.
  • the K/S value represents the apparent color depth.
  • S dispersion coefficient
  • K absorption coefficient
  • R reflectivity
  • Dyeing rate (%) (A 0 -A t )/A 0 ⁇ 100%
  • a 0 is the absorbance value of the characteristic absorption peak of the dye before treatment
  • a t is the absorbance value of the dye at the treatment time t.
  • the relative viscosity of the polyamide 5X resin is measured by the Ubbelohde viscometer concentrated sulfuric acid method. The steps are as follows: accurately weigh 0.25 ⁇ 0.0002 g of the dried polyamide 5X resin sample, add 50 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid (96%) to dissolve it, and dissolve it in 25 Measure and record the flow time t 0 of concentrated sulfuric acid and the flow time t of the polyamide 5X continuous expanded filament sample solution in a constant temperature water bath at °C.
  • the water-soluble polyester COPET was purchased from Shanghai Puyuan Chemical Fiber Co., Ltd., the specification is fiber grade, the intrinsic viscosity is 0.6-0.8, the polyamide 56 chips, the relative viscosity is 2.4-3.0, and it is purchased from Cathay (Jinxiang) Biomaterials Co., Ltd. ; Polyamide 6 slices, relative viscosity 2.5 ⁇ 2.7, purchased from Jiangsu Ruimeifu Industrial Co., Ltd.; Polyamide 66 slices, relative viscosity 2.4-2.7, purchased from Pingdingshan Shenma Plastic Technology Co., Ltd.; polyethylene resin purchased from Beijing Yanshan Petrochemical Co., Ltd. has a melt index of 10-80g/10min.
  • This embodiment provides a preparation method of polyamide 56/polyethylene fixed island type sea-island fiber, which includes the following steps:
  • the number of islands in a single fiber of the island-shaped sea-island fiber is 51, and the cross-sectional shape of the fiber is circular.
  • Step 1) The relative viscosity of the island component polyamide 56 resin is 2.5.
  • the heating in step 2) is carried out in a screw extruder, and the screw extruder is divided into five heating zones;
  • Island component screw the temperature in the first zone is 230°C; the temperature in the second zone is 250°C; the temperature in the third zone is 270°C; the temperature in the fourth zone is 290°C; the temperature in the fifth zone is 285°C;
  • the temperature in zone one is 120°C; the temperature in zone two is 140°C; the temperature in zone three is 160°C; the temperature in zone four is 180°C; the temperature in zone five is 220°C;
  • step 2) the temperature of the spinning box is 280°C; the pressure of the island component is 13.0 MPa; the pressure of the sea component is 11.0 MPa, and the pressure difference of the island component is controlled to be less than 4.0 MPa.
  • step 3 side air blowing is used for cooling, the wind speed is 0.5m/s, and the wind temperature is 23°C; the oiling concentration is 0.3wt%, and the oiling concentration is calculated relative to the weight of the fiber;
  • the nascent silk after oiling is guided to the hot stretching roll through the feeding roll for stretching, the stretching ratio is 3.0, the setting temperature is 180°C, and the winding speed is 3500m/min.
  • the opening process of the sea-island fiber is as follows: the solvent is xylene; the opening temperature is 70°C, the opening time is 30min; the bath ratio is 1:30; the fiber weight loss rate is 29wt%.
  • test data indexes of the sea-island fibers are shown in Table 1.
  • This embodiment provides a preparation method of polyamide 56/low density polyethylene fixed island type sea-island fiber, which includes the following steps:
  • the number of islands in a single fiber of the island-shaped sea-island fiber is 37, and the cross-sectional shape of the fiber is circular.
  • Step 1) The relative viscosity of the island component polyamide 56 resin is 2.8.
  • the heating in step 2) is carried out in a screw extruder, and the screw extruder is divided into five heating zones;
  • Island component screw the temperature in the first zone is 240°C; the temperature in the second zone is 260°C; the temperature in the third zone is 280°C; the temperature in the fourth zone is 290°C; the temperature in the fifth zone is 280°C;
  • the temperature in zone one is 120°C; the temperature in zone two is 150°C; the temperature in zone three is 180°C; the temperature in zone four is 190°C; the temperature in zone five is 210°C;
  • step 2) the temperature of the spinning box is 270°C; the pressure of the island component is 14.0 MPa; the pressure of the sea component is 13.0 MPa, and the pressure difference of the island component is controlled to be less than 4.0 MPa.
  • step 3 side air blowing is used for cooling, the wind speed is 0.3m/s, and the wind temperature is 22°C; the oiling concentration is 0.6% by weight, and the oiling concentration is calculated relative to the weight of the fiber;
  • the nascent silk after oiling is guided to the hot stretching roll through the feeding roll for stretching, the stretching ratio is 3.2, the setting temperature is 120°C, and the winding speed is 4000m/min.
  • the opening process of the sea-island fiber is as follows: the solvent is toluene; the opening temperature is 80°C, the opening time is 40min; the bath ratio is 1:40; the fiber weight loss rate is 38wt%.
  • test data indexes of the sea-island fibers are shown in Table 1.
  • This embodiment provides a preparation method of polyamide 56/water-soluble polyester fixed island type sea-island fiber, which includes the following steps:
  • the number of islands in a single fiber of the island-shaped sea-island fiber is 37, and the cross-sectional shape of the fiber is circular.
  • Step 1) The relative viscosity of the island component polyamide 56 resin is 2.8.
  • the heating in step 2) is carried out in a screw extruder, and the screw extruder is divided into five heating zones;
  • Island component screw the temperature in the first zone is 240°C; the temperature in the second zone is 260°C; the temperature in the third zone is 280°C; the temperature in the fourth zone is 290°C; the temperature in the fifth zone is 290°C;
  • the temperature in zone one is 180°C; the temperature in zone two is 220°C; the temperature in zone three is 240°C; the temperature in zone four is 260°C; the temperature in zone five is 240°C;
  • step 2) the temperature of the spinning box is 285°C; the pressure of the island component is 14.0 MPa; the pressure of the sea component is 13.0 MPa, and the pressure difference of the island component is controlled to be less than 4.0 MPa.
  • step 3 side blowing is used for cooling, the wind speed is 0.6m/s, and the wind temperature is 25°C; the oiling concentration is 0.5wt%, and the oiling concentration is calculated relative to the weight of the fiber;
  • the nascent silk after oiling is guided to the hot stretching roller through the feeding roller for stretching, the stretching ratio is 2.5, the setting temperature is 160°C, and the winding speed is 2500m/min.
  • the opening process of the sea-island fiber is as follows: the solvent is 2.0wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution; the opening temperature is 90°C, the opening time is 40min; the bath ratio is 1:20; the fiber weight loss rate is 19wt%.
  • test data indexes of the sea-island fibers are shown in Table 1.
  • This embodiment provides a preparation method of polyamide 510/polyethylene fixed island type sea-island fiber, which includes the following steps:
  • the number of islands in a single fiber of the island-shaped sea-island fiber is 51, and the cross-sectional shape of the fiber is circular.
  • Step 1) The relative viscosity of the island component polyamide 510 resin is 2.6.
  • the heating in step 2) is carried out in a screw extruder, and the screw extruder is divided into five heating zones;
  • Island component screw the temperature in the first zone is 220°C; the temperature in the second zone is 230°C; the temperature in the third zone is 240°C; the temperature in the fourth zone is 260°C; the temperature in the fifth zone is 260°C;
  • the temperature in zone one is 130°C; the temperature in zone two is 150°C; the temperature in zone three is 170°C; the temperature in zone four is 180°C; the temperature in zone five is 230°C;
  • step 2) the temperature of the spinning box is 255°C; the pressure of the island component is 12.0 MPa; the pressure of the sea component is 10.0 MPa, and the pressure difference of the island component is controlled to be less than 4.0 MPa.
  • step 3 side air blowing is used for cooling, the wind speed is 0.8m/s, and the wind temperature is 22°C; the oiling concentration is 0.4wt%, and the oiling concentration is calculated relative to the weight of the fiber;
  • the nascent silk after oiling is guided to the hot stretching roller through the feeding roller for stretching, the stretching ratio is 2.5, the setting temperature is 130°C, and the winding speed is 3000m/min.
  • the opening process of the sea-island fiber is as follows: the solvent is xylene; the opening temperature is 70°C, the opening time is 30min; the bath ratio is 1:30; the fiber weight loss rate is 34wt%.
  • test data indexes of the sea-island fibers are shown in Table 1.
  • This embodiment provides a preparation method of polyamide 56/water-soluble polyester indefinite island-type sea-island fiber, which includes the following steps:
  • Step 1) The relative viscosity of the island component polyamide 56 resin is 2.7.
  • the heating in step 2) is carried out in a screw extruder.
  • the screw extruder is divided into five heating zones: the temperature in the first zone is 220°C; the temperature in the second zone is 240°C; the temperature in the third zone is 260°C; the fourth zone The temperature is 280°C; the temperature of five zones is 280°C;
  • step 2) the temperature of the spinning box is 280°C; the component pressure is 16.0 MPa.
  • step 3 side air blowing is used for cooling, the wind speed is 0.4m/s, and the wind temperature is 24°C; the oiling concentration is 0.3wt%, and the oiling concentration is calculated relative to the weight of the fiber;
  • the nascent silk after oiling is guided to the hot stretching roll through the feeding roll for stretching, the stretching ratio is 3.0, the setting temperature is 170°C, and the winding speed is 4200m/min.
  • the parameters of the sea-island fiber opening process are: the solvent is 3.0wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution; the opening temperature is 90°C, the opening time is 40min; the bath ratio is 1:30; the fiber weight loss rate is 28wt%.
  • test data indexes of the sea-island fibers are shown in Table 1.
  • Embodiment 6 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 6
  • This embodiment provides a preparation method of polyamide 510/water-soluble polyester indefinite island-type sea-island fiber, which includes the following steps:
  • a certain proportion of the above-mentioned island component and the sea component resin are uniformly mixed and then heated and melted.
  • the mass ratio of the island component to the sea component in the sea-island fiber is 60:40, and the blended melt is transported through the melt pipeline In the spinning box, after being accurately measured by the metering pump, it is injected into the single-component component in the spinning box, and the blended melt is extruded from the spinning hole;
  • Step 1) The relative viscosity of the island component polyamide 510 resin is 2.7.
  • the heating in step 2) is carried out in a screw extruder.
  • the screw extruder is divided into five heating zones: the temperature in the first zone is 220°C; the temperature in the second zone is 230°C; the temperature in the third zone is 260°C; The temperature is 270°C; the temperature of the five zones is 280°C;
  • step 2) the temperature of the spinning box is 270°C; the component pressure is 14.0 MPa.
  • step 3 side blowing is used for cooling, the wind speed is 0.6m/s, and the wind temperature is 25°C; the oiling concentration is 0.5wt%, and the oiling concentration is calculated relative to the weight of the fiber;
  • the nascent silk after oiling is guided to the hot stretching roll through the feeding roll for stretching, the stretching ratio is 1.5, the setting temperature is 180°C, and the winding speed is 4000m/min.
  • the opening process of the sea-island fiber is: the solvent is 5.0wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution; the opening temperature is 85°C, the opening time is 50min; the bath ratio is 1:20; the fiber weight loss rate is 38wt%.
  • test data indexes of the sea-island fibers are shown in Table 1.
  • This comparative example provides a preparation method of polyamide 6/polyethylene fixed island type sea-island fiber, which includes the following steps:
  • the number of islands in a single fiber of the island-shaped sea-island fiber is 51, and the cross-sectional shape of the fiber is circular.
  • Step 1) The relative viscosity of the island component polyamide 6 resin is 2.5.
  • the heating in step 2) is carried out in a screw extruder, and the screw extruder is divided into five heating zones;
  • Island component screw the temperature in the first zone is 220°C; the temperature in the second zone is 230°C; the temperature in the third zone is 240°C; the temperature in the fourth zone is 260°C; the temperature in the fifth zone is 275°C;
  • the temperature in zone one is 120°C; the temperature in zone two is 140°C; the temperature in zone three is 160°C; the temperature in zone four is 180°C; the temperature in zone five is 220°C;
  • step 2) the temperature of the spinning box is 250°C; the pressure of the island component is 12.0 MPa; the pressure of the sea component is 11.0 MPa, and the pressure difference of the island component is controlled to be less than 4.0 MPa.
  • step 3 side air blowing is used for cooling, the wind speed is 0.5m/s, and the wind temperature is 23°C; the oiling concentration is 0.3wt%, and the oiling concentration is calculated relative to the weight of the fiber;
  • the nascent silk after oiling is guided to the hot stretching roll through the feeding roll for stretching, the stretching ratio is 3.0, the setting temperature is 180°C, and the winding speed is 3500m/min.
  • the opening process of the sea-island fiber is: the solvent is xylene; the opening temperature is 70°C, the opening time is 30min; the bath ratio is 1:30; the fiber weight loss rate is 28wt%.
  • test data indexes of the sea-island fibers are shown in Table 1.
  • This comparative example provides a preparation method of polyamide 6/water-soluble polyester indefinite island-shaped sea-island fiber, which includes the following steps:
  • Step 1) The relative viscosity of the island component polyamide 6 resin is 2.7.
  • the heating in step 2) is carried out in a screw extruder.
  • the screw extruder is divided into five heating zones: the temperature in the first zone is 220°C; the temperature in the second zone is 240°C; the temperature in the third zone is 250°C; the fourth zone The temperature is 260°C; the temperature of five zones is 260°C;
  • step 2) the temperature of the spinning box is 260°C; the component pressure is 12.0 MPa.
  • step 3 side air blowing is used for cooling, the wind speed is 0.4m/s, and the wind temperature is 24°C; the oiling concentration is 0.3wt%, and the oiling concentration is calculated relative to the weight of the fiber;
  • the nascent silk after oiling is guided to the hot stretching roll through the feeding roll for stretching, the stretching ratio is 3.0, the setting temperature is 170°C, and the winding speed is 4200m/min.
  • the opening process of the sea-island fiber is: the solvent is 3.0wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution; the opening temperature is 90°C, the opening time is 40min; the bath ratio is 1:30; the fiber weight loss rate is 28wt%.
  • test data indexes of the sea-island fibers are shown in Table 1.
  • This comparative example provides a preparation method of polyamide 66/water-soluble polyester indefinite island-type sea-island fiber, which includes the following steps:
  • Step 1) The relative viscosity of the island component polyamide 66 resin is 2.7.
  • the heating in step 2) is carried out in a screw extruder.
  • the screw extruder is divided into five heating zones: the temperature in the first zone is 230°C; the temperature in the second zone is 250°C; the temperature in the third zone is 270°C; the fourth zone The temperature is 280°C; the temperature of five zones is 290°C;
  • step 2) the temperature of the spinning box is 290°C; the component pressure is 13.0 MPa.
  • step 3 side air blowing is used for cooling, the wind speed is 0.4m/s, and the wind temperature is 24°C; the oiling concentration is 0.3wt%, and the oiling concentration is calculated relative to the weight of the fiber;
  • the nascent silk after oiling is guided to the hot stretching roll through the feeding roll for stretching, the stretching ratio is 3.0, the setting temperature is 170°C, and the winding speed is 4200m/min.
  • the opening process of the sea-island fiber is: the solvent is 3.0wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution; the opening temperature is 90°C, the opening time is 40min; the bath ratio is 1:30; the fiber weight loss rate is 28wt%.
  • test data indexes of the sea-island fibers are shown in Table 1.
  • This comparative example provides a preparation method of polyamide 56/water-soluble polyester fixed island type sea-island fiber, which includes the following steps:
  • the polyamide 56 was used as the island component polymer and the water-soluble polyester was used as the sea component polymer.
  • the metering pump was used to measure the polymer and flow into the spinning die at a spinning temperature of 298°C.
  • the combined sea/island ratio is set to 20/80.
  • the sea-island component melt is introduced into the sea-island composite spinning assembly and extruded from the spinneret.
  • the yarn ejected from the spinneret is cooled by an air cooling device, and after oiling, it is wound into an unstretched 175dtex-112 filament through a winder at 1500 m/min.
  • sea-island composite fiber was immersed in a 1 wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution at 80°C to dissolve and remove the sea component.
  • test data indexes of the sea-island fibers are shown in Table 1.
  • the polyamide sea-island fibers prepared in Examples 1 to 6 of the present invention have a lower initial modulus. Therefore, the polyamide sea-island fibers prepared in Examples 1 to 6 have better softness. performance.
  • the polyamide sea-island fiber of the present invention has good dyeing properties. The dye uptake, dyeing gray card grade, dyeing depth, and color fastness of the polyamide sea-island fiber prepared in Examples 1 to 6 are also significantly better than those of Comparative Example 1. ⁇ 3.
  • the polyamide sea-island fiber monofilament prepared by the present invention is thinner, the fiber feels soft and fine, the bending rigidity is obviously reduced, the gloss is soft, the fiber specific surface area is larger, and the high-density structure is more suitable for use in wool, silk, Imitation leather, imitation peach skin, imitation suede, high-density waterproof fabric, high-performance cleaning cloth, high-performance suction filter material, high oil absorption material, high water absorption material, thermal insulation material, medical material, automotive interior material, safety shoes, Luggage, handbags, sofas and other fields.

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Abstract

本发明涉及聚酰胺材料技术领域，具体涉及一种聚酰胺海岛纤维及其制备方法和应用。所述聚酰胺海岛纤维中，岛组分为聚酰胺树脂，选自聚酰胺56、聚酰胺510、聚酰胺511、聚酰胺512、聚酰胺513、聚酰胺514、聚酰胺515、聚酰胺516中的一种，优选为聚酰胺56、聚酰胺510；海组分为聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯、聚苯乙烯、水溶性聚酯、聚酯、聚氨酯中的一种，优选为聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯、水溶性聚酯。本发明的聚酰胺海岛纤维有较好的力学性能、较佳的柔软性能，并且，具有良好的染色性能，染色灰卡等级高、上染率大、染色深、色牢度高。

Description

一种聚酰胺海岛纤维及其制备方法和应用 技术领域
本发明属于聚酰胺材料技术领域，涉及一种聚酰胺海岛纤维及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
海岛型复合纤维，又称为超共轭纤维，是由一种聚合物以极细的形式(原纤)包埋在另一种聚合物(基质)之中形成的，又因为分散相原纤在纤维截面中呈岛屿状而称为海岛纤维。海岛纤维溶去海组分后获得超细纤维。根据岛屿分布规律不同可分为定岛和不定岛两种。定岛型纤维岛屿分布是均匀和固定的，一般采用复合法纺丝，即两种聚合物通过熔融复合纺丝机和特殊的纺丝组件纺制而成，其中一种组分像岛一样均匀分布在另一种聚合物中(海组分)。不定岛型纤维岛屿不固定，也不够均匀，粗细相差很大，最细的比定岛型的细，但粗的可以在0.1dtex以上，主要采用共混纺丝。海岛型复合纤维中海组分为水溶性聚合物，通过水解，溶去海组分，得到一个个岛组分，形成线密度为0.03～0.3dtex超细纤维，主要用于仿麂皮绒材料。或者溶去岛组分，得到中空纤维，主要应用于吸附材料。
海岛纤维超细特效使其具有普通纤维所不能达到的优异性能：1手感柔软、细腻，抗弯刚度明显降低；2柔韧性好，弯曲刚度提高；3光泽柔和，漫射光增加；4高清洁能力，接触面积增大；5高吸水与吸油性；6高密结构；7保暖性，静止空气多。
产品具有天然皮革的吸湿性、柔软性、舒适性，又具有耐化学性好、物理性能高、防水、质轻等优点，主要用在服装、家纺与工业用等领域。服装包括仿毛、仿丝绸、仿皮、仿桃皮绒、仿麂皮绒、高密防水织物、保暖材料、安全鞋等；家纺领域包括高性能清洁布、沙发布、窗帘布、箱包等；工业用领域包括电子产品保护装备、汽车内饰、高性能吸滤材料、高吸油材料、高吸水材料。
海岛复合纤维线密度小、比表面积大，吸附染料多且快，且纤维半径小，染料扩散进入纤维的路程短，扩散时间短，染料容易染透，其次纤维无定型区含量高，染料上染快，造成海岛纤维匀染性差。由于超细纤维表面积大，表面不够光滑，染料用量多，沾染的染料多且难以洗尽，因此超细纤维织物的染色湿牢度比常规纤维低。
CN 106987923 A公开了一种原液着色黑色海岛纤维，提供一种原液着色黑色海 岛纤维，来解决海岛纤维难以染色、色牢度差的问题，包含海组分和岛组分，岛组分包含重量含量为1％-60％的黑色色母粒和10％-90％的聚酰胺6或聚酯，海组分为碱溶性聚酯，开纤处理后纤度＜0.08dtex，黑度L值＜15，色牢度不低于4级。所述海岛纤维为黑色，颜色太单一，限制其应用领域。
CN 106435821 A公开了一种共混熔融海岛纤维、超细纤维及其制备方法。其中岛成分为聚酰胺，海成分为水溶性聚酯化合物，将聚酰胺与水溶性聚酯共混熔融纺丝，进一步将海岛纤维置于热水中，进行水碱量处理去除聚酯海组分后得到聚酰胺超细纤维。实施例中岛成分选自聚酰胺6与聚酰胺66，海成分选自水溶性聚酯。采用共混纺丝方法制备海岛纤维，岛成分作为分散相，海成分作为基体，加工过程中共混不均匀，容易造成岛成分分布不均匀，开纤后成分粗细相差很大，影响后续染色，造成色差现象。
发明内容
本本发明的第一个目的在于提供一种同时具有较好的力学性能、较佳的柔软性能、良好的染色性能的聚酰胺海岛纤维。
本发明的第二个目的在于提供一种聚酰胺海岛纤维的制备方法，其中岛组分聚酰胺采用非石油基来源(即生物基来源)的材料，不会产生具有较大的污染，有利于环保。
本发明的第三个目的在于提供一种聚酰胺海岛纤维的应用。
为达到上述目的，本发明的解决方案是：
[一种聚酰胺海岛纤维]
所述聚酰胺海岛纤维，其中，岛组分为聚酰胺树脂，选自聚酰胺56、聚酰胺510、聚酰胺511、聚酰胺512、聚酰胺513、聚酰胺514、聚酰胺515、聚酰胺516中的一种，优选为聚酰胺56、聚酰胺510；海组分为聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯、聚苯乙烯、水溶性聚酯、聚酯、聚氨酯中的一种，优选为聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯、水溶性聚酯。
所述岛组分可以是大有光、半消光、全消光的以及其混合物。
本发明一些优选实施例中，所述岛组分聚酰胺树脂的相对粘度为2.4-3.0，优选为2.5-2.9，更优选为2.6-2.8；和/或，
所述海岛纤维的岛组分与海组分的质量比为20-80:80-20，进一步优选为30-70:70-30。
本发明一些优选实施例中，所述海岛纤维包括定岛型海岛纤维与不定岛型海岛纤维；和/或，
所述定岛型海岛纤维的岛数目为16-500；
本发明一些优选实施例中，所述聚酰胺海岛纤维的纤度为10-300dtex，优选为20-200dtex，更优选为30-100dtex；和/或，
所述聚酰胺海岛纤维的断裂强度为2.0-5.0cN/dtex，优选为2.5-4.5cN/dtex，更优选为3.0-4.0cN/dtex；和/或，
所述聚酰胺海岛纤维的断裂伸长率为30-80％，优选为40-70％，更优选为45-60％；和/或，
所述聚酰胺海岛纤维的初始模量为20-50cN/dtex，优选为23-45cN/dtex，更优选为28-38cN/dtex；和/或，
所述聚酰胺海岛纤维开纤后岛组分单丝纤度为0.001-0.2dtex，优选为0.005-0.1dtex，更优选为0.01-0.05dtex；和/或，
所述聚酰胺海岛纤维的K/S值≥15，优选为K/S值≥20，更优选为K/S值≥25；和/或，
所述聚酰胺海岛纤维的上染率≥90％，优选为≥93％，更优选为≥96％；和/或，
所述聚酰胺海岛纤维的染色均匀度(灰卡)≥3.5级，优选为≥4.0级，更优选为≥4.5级；和/或，
所述聚酰胺海岛纤维的皂洗牢度：褪色牢度≥3.0级，优选≥3.5级，进一步优选≥4.0级，更进一步优选≥4.5级；和/或，
所述聚酰胺海岛纤维的沾色牢度≥3.0级，优选≥3.5级，进一步优选≥4.0级，更进一步优选≥4.5级。
[聚酰胺海岛纤维的制备方法]
一种制备上述的定岛型海岛纤维的方法，所述方法包括如下步骤：
1)将岛组分与海组分树脂按照一定比例分别加热熔融，得两种熔体，将两种熔体通过熔体管道输送到纺丝箱体中，分别经计量泵准确计量后，注入到纺丝箱体中的海岛型复合组件中，通过组件内的分配管分配后，两种熔体在喷丝孔入口处汇合挤出；其中，所述岛组分含水率＜1500ppm，所述海组分含水率＜300ppm；
2)对步骤1)挤出的初生纤维进行冷却、上油、拉伸、定型，卷绕，得到所述定岛型海岛纤维。
步骤1)中的加热是在螺杆挤出机中进行的，该螺杆挤出机优选分为五区加热；
岛组分螺杆：一区温度为200-260℃；二区温度为230-280℃；三区温度为240-290℃；四区温度为260-300℃；五区温度为270-310℃；
海组分螺杆：一区温度为120-220℃；二区温度为140-240℃；三区温度为160-260℃；四区温度为180-280℃；五区温度为160-290℃；对于海岛纤维来说，合理调节两种熔体的温度，是控制两种组份复合后截面形状的关键。当温度过高或过低时，初生丝的截面形状会有所变化，截面形状的均匀性也会有所下降，一般来说两种聚合物熔体粘度差异会影响到截面形状，如果两种熔体的粘度相差太多，就会影响到截面形状的均匀性，甚至会造成岛组份粘连，更甚者会出现“实心”，使得后加工开纤过程中岛组份无法分离，因此在纺丝时要选择合适的纺丝温度，经过调整工艺，确定纺丝温度在上述温度下，海岛组份熔体粘度相匹配。
步骤1)中，所述纺丝箱体的温度为200-300℃；岛组分组件压力为10.0-15.0MPa；海组分组件压力为8.0-15.0MPa，海岛组件压力差控制＜4.0MPa。
步骤2)中，所述冷却采用侧吹风或环吹风进行冷却；所述风速为0.2-1.2m/s，优选为0.2-1.0m/s，更优选为0.3-0.8m/s；所述侧吹风的风温为15-30℃，优选为20-27℃，更优选为22-25℃；和/或，
所述上油浓度为0.2-1.0wt％，优选为0.3-0.8wt％，更优选为0.4-0.6wt％，所述上油浓度为相对纤维的重量计算得到；和/或，
所述拉伸的过程为：使上油后的初生丝经过喂入辊引向热拉伸辊进行拉伸，所述拉伸的拉伸倍数优选为2.0-5.0，更优选为2.5-3.0；和/或，
所述定型的温度为150-220℃，优选为160-200℃，更优选为170-180℃；和/或，
所述卷绕速度为1000-6000m/min，优选为2000-5000m/min，更优选为2500-4000m/min。
本发明一些优选实施例中，所述方法还包括，将步骤2)制得的海岛纤维在溶剂中进行开纤处理，去除海组分；
所述溶剂为甲苯、二甲苯、1-10wt％氢氧化钠水溶液；开纤温度为60-100℃，优选为65-95℃，更优选为75-85℃；开纤时间为10-70min，优选为20-60min，更优选为30-50min；浴比为1:10-1:80，优选为1:20-1:60，更优选为1:30-1:40；
所述海岛纤维的失重率为20-50wt％，优选为25-45wt％，更优选为30-40wt％。
一种制备上述的不定岛型海岛纤维的方法，所述方法包括如下步骤：
a)将岛组分与海组分按照一定比例均匀混合后加热熔融，共混熔体通过熔体管道输送到纺丝箱体中，经计量泵准确计量后，注入到纺丝箱体中的单组分组件中，共混熔体从喷丝孔挤出；所述岛组分含水率＜1500ppm，所述海组分含水率＜300ppm；
b)对挤出的初生纤维进行冷却、上油、拉伸、定型，卷绕，得到所述不定岛型 海岛纤维。
步骤a)中的加热是在螺杆挤出机中进行的，该螺杆挤出机优选分为五区加热：一区温度为180-240℃；二区温度为200-260℃；三区温度为220-270℃；四区温度为240-280℃；五区温度为200-300℃；
步骤a)中，所述纺丝箱体的温度为200-300℃；组件压力为10.0-25.0MPa。
步骤b)中，所述冷却采用侧吹风或环吹风进行冷却；所述风速为0.2-1.2m/s，优选为0.4-1.0m/s，更优选为0.6-0.8m/s；所述侧吹风的风温为15-30℃，优选为23-27℃，更优选为24-25℃；和/或，
所述上油浓度为0.2-1.0wt％，优选为0.3-0.8wt％，更优选为0.4-0.6wt％，所述上油浓度为相对纤维的重量计算得到；和/或，
所述拉伸的过程为：使上油后的初生丝经过喂入辊引向热拉伸辊进行拉伸，所述拉伸的拉伸倍数优选为2.0-5.0，更优选为2.5-3.0；和/或，
所述定型的温度为150-220℃，优选为160-200℃，更优选为170-180℃；和/或，
所述卷绕速度为1000-6000m/min，优选为2000-5000m/min，更优选为2500-4000m/min。
本发明一些优选实施例中，所述方法还包括，将步骤b)制得的海岛纤维在溶剂中进行开纤处理，去除海组分；
所述溶剂为甲苯、二甲苯、1-10wt％氢氧化钠水溶液；开纤的温度为60-100℃，优选为65-95℃，更优选为75-85℃；开纤的时间为10-70min，优选为20-60min，更优选为30-50min；浴比为1:10-1:80，优选为1:20-1:60，更优选为1:30-1:40；
所述海岛纤维的失重率为20-50wt％，优选为25-45wt％，更优选为30-40wt％。
[聚酰胺海岛纤维的应用]
聚酰胺海岛纤维包括长丝与短纤维，主要在制备仿毛、仿丝绸、仿皮、仿桃皮绒、仿麂皮绒、高密防水织物、高性能清洁布、高性能吸滤材料、高吸油材料、高吸水材料、保暖材料、医用材料、汽车内饰材料、安全鞋、箱包、手袋、沙发等领域。
用本发明的聚酰胺海岛纤维加工出来的织物比一般海岛织物具有更柔软的手感，防透性好、染色性佳。这种织物更适用于做擦拭布，效果好且不易损伤被擦物表面。而这种织物的超全消光效果在羽绒服面料及护士服上就得到充分的体现。且该种纤维经开纤处理后能得到纤度比一般海岛极细丝更小、手感柔软、防透性好的 超极细丝。生产方法简单、易操作。
由于采用上述方案，相对于现有技术，本发明的有益效果是：
第一、本发明的聚酰胺海岛纤维的岛组分生产原料由生物法制成，为绿色材料，不依赖于石油资源并且不对环境造成严重的污染，并且能够降低二氧化碳的排放，减少温室效应的产生。
第二、本发明的聚酰胺海岛纤维有较好的力学性能、较佳的柔软性能。
第三、本发明的聚酰胺海岛纤维具有良好的染色性能，染色灰卡等级高、上染率大、染色深、色牢度高。
第四、本发明的聚酰胺海岛纤维开纤后单丝纤度为0.01-0.2dtex，单丝更细，纤维手感柔软细腻，抗弯刚度明显降低，光泽柔和，纤维比表面积更大，高密结构，更适合用在仿毛、仿丝绸、仿皮、仿桃皮绒、仿麂皮绒、高密防水织物、高性能清洁布、高性能吸滤材料、高吸油材料、高吸水材料、保暖材料、医用材料、汽车内饰材料、安全鞋、电子产品保护装备、箱包、手袋、沙发等领域。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明的实施例，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
(1)、纤度：
按照GB/T 14343测定。
(2)、断裂强度：
断裂强度按照GB/T 14344-2008测定。
(3)、断裂伸长率：
断裂伸长率按照GB/T 14344-2008来测定。
(4)、初始模量：
按照GB/T 14344测定，初始模量的定义为断裂伸长率为1％时对应的断裂强度。
(5)失重率：
失重率(wt％)＝(开纤前纤维重量-开纤后纤维重量)/开纤前纤维重量×100％；
(6)染色均匀度(灰卡)/级：
FZ/T 50008锦纶长丝染色均匀度试验方法。
(7)K/S值：
用计算机测色配色仪测定染色织物的K/S值K/S值代表表观色深值。
Figure PCTCN2020072229-appb-000001
其中S：散色系数，K：吸收系数，R：反射率。
(8)上染率：
用分光光度计测试染色前后染液浓度变化。
上染率(％)＝(A 0-A t)/A 0×100％；
式中：A 0为处理前的染料特征吸收峰的吸光度值，A t为处理时间t时的染料吸光度值。
(9)皂洗牢度：
按照国标GB/T 3921.1—1997测定。
(10)相对粘度：
聚酰胺5X树脂的相对粘度通过乌氏粘度计浓硫酸法进行测定，其步骤如下：准确称量干燥后的聚酰胺5X树脂样品0.25±0.0002g，加入50mL浓硫酸(96％)溶解，在25℃恒温水浴槽中测量并记录浓硫酸的流经时间t 0和聚酰胺5X连续膨体长丝样品溶液的流经时间t。
相对粘度计算公式为：相对粘度VN＝t/t 0；
t—溶液流经时间；
t 0—溶剂流经时间。
(11)含水率：
按照卡尔费休水份滴定仪测定。
水溶性聚酯COPET购自上海浦源化纤有限公司，规格为纤维级，特性粘度为0.6-0.8，聚酰胺56切片，相对粘度为2.4～3.0，购自凯赛(金乡)生物材料有限公司；聚酰胺6切片，相对粘度为2.5～2.7，购自江苏瑞美福实业有限公司；聚酰胺66切片，相对粘度为2.4-2.7，购自平顶山神马塑料科技有限公司；聚乙烯树脂购自北京燕山石油化工有限公司，熔融指数为10-80g/10min。
实施例一：
本实施例提供了一种聚酰胺56/聚乙烯定岛型海岛纤维制备方法，其包括如下步骤：
1)将岛组分聚酰胺56与海组分聚乙烯树脂分别干燥，干燥后岛组分含水率控制为800ppm，干燥后海组分含水率控制为60ppm；
2)将一定比例的上述岛组分与海组分树脂分别加热熔融，所述海岛纤维中岛组分与海组分质量比为70:30，两种熔体通过熔体管道输送到纺丝箱体中，分别经计量泵准确计量后，注入到纺丝箱体中的海岛型复合组件中，通过组件内的分配管均匀分配，最后两种熔体在喷丝孔入口处汇合挤出；
3)对挤出的初生纤维进行冷却、上油、拉伸、定型，卷绕，得到所述定岛型海岛纤维。
所述定岛型海岛纤维单根纤维中岛的个数为51个，纤维截面形状为圆形。
步骤1)中岛组分聚酰胺56树脂的相对粘度为2.5。
步骤2)中的加热是在螺杆挤出机中进行的，该螺杆挤出机分为五区加热；
岛组分螺杆：一区温度为230℃；二区温度为250℃；三区温度为270℃；四区温度为290℃；五区温度为285℃；
海组分螺杆：一区温度为120℃；二区温度为140℃；三区温度为160℃；四区温度为180℃；五区温度为220℃；
步骤2)中，所述纺丝箱体的温度为280℃；岛组分组件压力为13.0MPa；海组分组件压力为11.0MPa，海岛组件压力差控制＜4.0MPa。
步骤3)中，采用侧吹风进行冷却，风速为0.5m/s，风温为23℃；上油浓度为0.3wt％，所述上油浓度为相对纤维的重量计算得到；
上油后的初生丝经过喂入辊引向热拉伸辊进行拉伸，拉伸倍数为3.0，定型的温度为180℃，卷绕速度为3500m/min。
海岛纤维开纤工艺为：溶剂为二甲苯；开纤温度为70℃，开纤时间为30min；浴比为1:30；纤维失重率为29wt％。
制得的海岛纤维的测试数据指标见表1。
实施例二：
本实施例提供了一种聚酰胺56/低密度聚乙烯定岛型海岛纤维制备方法，其包括如下步骤：
1)将岛组分聚酰胺56与海组分低密度聚乙烯树脂分别干燥，干燥后岛组分含水率控制为1000ppm，干燥后海组分含水率控制为90ppm；
2)将一定比例的上述岛组分与海组分树脂分别加热熔融，所述海岛纤维中岛组 分与海组分质量比为60:40，两种熔体通过熔体管道输送到纺丝箱体中，分别经计量泵准确计量后，注入到纺丝箱体中的海岛型复合组件中，通过组件内的分配管均匀分配，最后两种熔体在喷丝孔入口处汇合挤出；
3)对挤出的初生纤维进行冷却、上油、拉伸、定型，卷绕，得到所述定岛型海岛纤维。
所述定岛型海岛纤维单根纤维中岛的个数为37个，纤维截面形状为圆形。
步骤1)中岛组分聚酰胺56树脂的相对粘度为2.8。
步骤2)中的加热是在螺杆挤出机中进行的，该螺杆挤出机分为五区加热；
岛组分螺杆：一区温度为240℃；二区温度为260℃；三区温度为280℃；四区温度为290℃；五区温度为280℃；
海组分螺杆：一区温度为120℃；二区温度为150℃；三区温度为180℃；四区温度为190℃；五区温度为210℃；
步骤2)中，所述纺丝箱体的温度为270℃；岛组分组件压力为14.0MPa；海组分组件压力为13.0MPa，海岛组件压力差控制＜4.0MPa。
步骤3)中，采用侧吹风进行冷却，风速为0.3m/s，风温为22℃；上油浓度为0.6wt％，所述上油浓度为相对纤维的重量计算得到；
上油后的初生丝经过喂入辊引向热拉伸辊进行拉伸，拉伸倍数为3.2，定型的温度为120℃，卷绕速度为4000m/min。
海岛纤维开纤工艺为：溶剂为甲苯；开纤温度为80℃，开纤时间为40min；浴比为1:40；纤维失重率为38wt％。
制得的海岛纤维的测试数据指标见表1。
实施例三：
本实施例提供了一种聚酰胺56/水溶性聚酯定岛型海岛纤维制备方法，其包括如下步骤：
1)将岛组分聚酰胺56与海组分水溶性聚酯树脂分别干燥，干燥后岛组分含水率控制为500ppm，干燥后海组分含水率控制为30ppm；
2)将一定比例的上述岛组分与海组分树脂分别加热熔融，所述海岛纤维中岛组分与海组分质量比为80:20，两种熔体通过熔体管道输送到纺丝箱体中，分别经计量泵准确计量后，注入到纺丝箱体中的海岛型复合组件中，通过组件内的分配管均匀分配，最后两种熔体在喷丝孔入口处汇合挤出；
3)对挤出的初生纤维进行冷却、上油、拉伸、定型，卷绕，得到所述定岛型海岛纤维。
所述定岛型海岛纤维单根纤维中岛的个数为37个，纤维截面形状为圆形。
步骤1)中岛组分聚酰胺56树脂的相对粘度为2.8。
步骤2)中的加热是在螺杆挤出机中进行的，该螺杆挤出机分为五区加热；
岛组分螺杆：一区温度为240℃；二区温度为260℃；三区温度为280℃；四区温度为290℃；五区温度为290℃；
海组分螺杆：一区温度为180℃；二区温度为220℃；三区温度为240℃；四区温度为260℃；五区温度为240℃；
步骤2)中，所述纺丝箱体的温度为285℃；岛组分组件压力为14.0MPa；海组分组件压力为13.0MPa，海岛组件压力差控制＜4.0MPa。
步骤3)中，采用侧吹风进行冷却，风速为0.6m/s，风温为25℃；上油浓度为0.5wt％，所述上油浓度为相对纤维的重量计算得到；
上油后的初生丝经过喂入辊引向热拉伸辊进行拉伸，拉伸倍数为2.5，定型的温度为160℃，卷绕速度为2500m/min。
海岛纤维开纤工艺为：溶剂为2.0wt％氢氧化钠水溶液；开纤温度为90℃，开纤时间为40min；浴比为1:20；纤维失重率为19wt％。
制得的海岛纤维的测试数据指标见表1。
实施例四：
本实施例提供了一种聚酰胺510/聚乙烯定岛型海岛纤维制备方法，其包括如下步骤：
1)将岛组分聚酰胺510与海组分聚乙烯分别干燥，干燥后岛组分含水率控制为900ppm，干燥后海组分含水率控制为80ppm；
2)将一定比例的上述岛组分与海组分树脂分别加热熔融，所述海岛纤维中岛组分与海组分质量比为65:35，两种熔体通过熔体管道输送到纺丝箱体中，分别经计量泵准确计量后，注入到纺丝箱体中的海岛型复合组件中，通过组件内的分配管均匀分配，最后两种熔体在喷丝孔入口处汇合挤出；
3)对挤出的初生纤维进行冷却、上油、拉伸、定型，卷绕，得到所述定岛型海岛纤维。
所述定岛型海岛纤维单根纤维中岛的个数为51个，纤维截面形状为圆形。
步骤1)中岛组分聚酰胺510树脂的相对粘度为2.6。
步骤2)中的加热是在螺杆挤出机中进行的，该螺杆挤出机分为五区加热；
岛组分螺杆：一区温度为220℃；二区温度为230℃；三区温度为240℃；四区温度为260℃；五区温度为260℃；
海组分螺杆：一区温度为130℃；二区温度为150℃；三区温度为170℃；四区温度为180℃；五区温度为230℃；
步骤2)中，所述纺丝箱体的温度为255℃；岛组分组件压力为12.0MPa；海组分组件压力为10.0MPa，海岛组件压力差控制＜4.0MPa。
步骤3)中，采用侧吹风进行冷却，风速为0.8m/s，风温为22℃；上油浓度为0.4wt％，所述上油浓度为相对纤维的重量计算得到；
上油后的初生丝经过喂入辊引向热拉伸辊进行拉伸，拉伸倍数为2.5，定型的温度为130℃，卷绕速度为3000m/min。
海岛纤维开纤工艺为：溶剂为二甲苯；开纤温度为70℃，开纤时间为30min；浴比为1:30；纤维失重率为34wt％。
制得的海岛纤维的测试数据指标见表1。
实施例五：
本实施例提供了一种聚酰胺56/水溶性聚酯不定岛型海岛纤维制备方法，其包括如下步骤：
1)将岛组分与海组分树脂分别干燥，干燥后岛组分含水率800ppm，干燥后海组分含水率90ppm；
2)将一定比例的上述岛组分与海组分树脂均匀混合后加热熔融，所述海岛纤维中岛组分与海组分质量比为70:30，共混熔体通过熔体管道输送到纺丝箱体中，经计量泵准确计量后，注入到纺丝箱体中的单组分组件中，共混熔体从喷丝孔挤出；
3)对挤出的初生纤维进行冷却、上油、拉伸、定型，卷绕，得到所述不定岛型海岛纤维。
步骤1)中岛组分聚酰胺56树脂的相对粘度为2.7。
步骤2)中的加热是在螺杆挤出机中进行的，该螺杆挤出机分为五区加热：一区温度为220℃；二区温度为240℃；三区温度为260℃；四区温度为280℃；五区温度为280℃；
步骤2)中，所述纺丝箱体的温度为280℃；组件压力为16.0MPa。
步骤3)中，采用侧吹风进行冷却，风速为0.4m/s，风温为24℃；上油浓度为0.3wt％，所述上油浓度为相对纤维的重量计算得到；
上油后的初生丝经过喂入辊引向热拉伸辊进行拉伸，拉伸倍数为3.0，定型的温度为170℃，卷绕速度为4200m/min。
海岛纤维开纤工艺的参数为：溶剂为3.0wt％氢氧化钠水溶液；开纤温度为90℃，开纤时间为40min；浴比为1:30；纤维失重率为28wt％。
制得的海岛纤维的测试数据指标见表1。
实施例六：
本实施例提供了一种聚酰胺510/水溶性聚酯不定岛型海岛纤维制备方法，其包括如下步骤：
1)将岛组分与海组分树脂分别干燥，干燥后岛组分含水率700ppm，干燥后海组分含水率60ppm；
2)将一定比例的上述岛组分与海组分树脂均匀混合后加热熔融，所述海岛纤维中岛组分与海组分质量比为60:40，共混熔体通过熔体管道输送到纺丝箱体中，经计量泵准确计量后，注入到纺丝箱体中的单组分组件中，共混熔体从喷丝孔挤出；
3)对挤出的初生纤维进行冷却、上油、拉伸、定型，卷绕，得到所述不定岛型海岛纤维。
步骤1)中岛组分聚酰胺510树脂的相对粘度为2.7。
步骤2)中的加热是在螺杆挤出机中进行的，该螺杆挤出机分为五区加热：一区温度为220℃；二区温度为230℃；三区温度为260℃；四区温度为270℃；五区温度为280℃；
步骤2)中，所述纺丝箱体的温度为270℃；组件压力为14.0MPa。
步骤3)中，采用侧吹风进行冷却，风速为0.6m/s，风温为25℃；上油浓度为0.5wt％，所述上油浓度为相对纤维的重量计算得到；
上油后的初生丝经过喂入辊引向热拉伸辊进行拉伸，拉伸倍数为1.5，定型的温度为180℃，卷绕速度为4000m/min。
海岛纤维开纤工艺为：溶剂为5.0wt％氢氧化钠水溶液；开纤温度为85℃，开纤时间为50min；浴比为1:20；纤维失重率为38wt％。
制得的海岛纤维的测试数据指标见表1。
对比例一：
本对比例提供了一种聚酰胺6/聚乙烯定岛型海岛纤维制备方法，其包括如下步骤：
1)将岛组分聚酰胺6与海组分聚乙烯树脂分别干燥，干燥后岛组分含水率控制为800ppm，干燥后海组分含水率控制为60ppm；
2)将一定比例的上述岛组分与海组分树脂分别加热熔融，所述海岛纤维中岛组分与海组分质量比为70:30，两种熔体通过熔体管道输送到纺丝箱体中，分别经计量泵准确计量后，注入到纺丝箱体中的海岛型复合组件中，通过组件内的分配管均匀分配，最后两种熔体在喷丝孔入口处汇合挤出；
3)对挤出的初生纤维进行冷却、上油、拉伸、定型，卷绕，得到所述定岛型海岛纤维。
所述定岛型海岛纤维单根纤维中岛的个数为51个，纤维截面形状为圆形。
步骤1)中岛组分聚酰胺6树脂的相对粘度为2.5。
步骤2)中的加热是在螺杆挤出机中进行的，该螺杆挤出机分为五区加热；
岛组分螺杆：一区温度为220℃；二区温度为230℃；三区温度为240℃；四区温度为260℃；五区温度为275℃；
海组分螺杆：一区温度为120℃；二区温度为140℃；三区温度为160℃；四区温度为180℃；五区温度为220℃；
步骤2)中，所述纺丝箱体的温度为250℃；岛组分组件压力为12.0MPa；海组分组件压力为11.0MPa，海岛组件压力差控制＜4.0MPa。
步骤3)中，采用侧吹风进行冷却，风速为0.5m/s，风温为23℃；上油浓度为0.3wt％，所述上油浓度为相对纤维的重量计算得到；
上油后的初生丝经过喂入辊引向热拉伸辊进行拉伸，拉伸倍数为3.0，定型的温度为180℃，卷绕速度为3500m/min。
海岛纤维开纤工艺为：溶剂为二甲苯；开纤温度为70℃，开纤时间为30min；浴比为1:30；纤维失重率为28wt％。
制得的海岛纤维的测试数据指标见表1。
对比例二：
本对比例提供了一种聚酰胺6/水溶性聚酯不定岛型海岛纤维制备方法，其包括如下步骤：
1)将岛组分与海组分树脂分别干燥，干燥后岛组分含水率800ppm，干燥后海 组分含水率90ppm；
2)将一定比例的上述岛组分与海组分树脂均匀混合后加热熔融，所述海岛纤维中岛组分与海组分质量比为70:30，共混熔体通过熔体管道输送到纺丝箱体中，经计量泵准确计量后，注入到纺丝箱体中的单组分组件中，共混熔体从喷丝孔挤出；
3)对挤出的初生纤维进行冷却、上油、拉伸、定型，卷绕，得到所述不定岛型海岛纤维。
步骤1)中岛组分聚酰胺6树脂的相对粘度为2.7。
步骤2)中的加热是在螺杆挤出机中进行的，该螺杆挤出机分为五区加热：一区温度为220℃；二区温度为240℃；三区温度为250℃；四区温度为260℃；五区温度为260℃；
步骤2)中，所述纺丝箱体的温度为260℃；组件压力为12.0MPa。
步骤3)中，采用侧吹风进行冷却，风速为0.4m/s，风温为24℃；上油浓度为0.3wt％，所述上油浓度为相对纤维的重量计算得到；
上油后的初生丝经过喂入辊引向热拉伸辊进行拉伸，拉伸倍数为3.0，定型的温度为170℃，卷绕速度为4200m/min。
海岛纤维开纤工艺为：溶剂为3.0wt％氢氧化钠水溶液；开纤温度为90℃，开纤时间为40min；浴比为1:30；纤维失重率为28wt％。
制得的海岛纤维的测试数据指标见表1。
对比例三：
本对比例提供了一种聚酰胺66/水溶性聚酯不定岛型海岛纤维制备方法，其包括如下步骤：
1)将岛组分与海组分树脂分别干燥，干燥后岛组分含水率800ppm，干燥后海组分含水率90ppm；
2)将一定比例的上述岛组分与海组分树脂均匀混合后加热熔融，所述海岛纤维中岛组分与海组分质量比为70:30，共混熔体通过熔体管道输送到纺丝箱体中，经计量泵准确计量后，注入到纺丝箱体中的单组分组件中，共混熔体从喷丝孔挤出；
3)对挤出的初生纤维进行冷却、上油、拉伸、定型，卷绕，得到所述不定岛型海岛纤维。
步骤1)中岛组分聚酰胺66树脂的相对粘度为2.7。
步骤2)中的加热是在螺杆挤出机中进行的，该螺杆挤出机分为五区加热：一区 温度为230℃；二区温度为250℃；三区温度为270℃；四区温度为280℃；五区温度为290℃；
步骤2)中，所述纺丝箱体的温度为290℃；组件压力为13.0MPa。
步骤3)中，采用侧吹风进行冷却，风速为0.4m/s，风温为24℃；上油浓度为0.3wt％，所述上油浓度为相对纤维的重量计算得到；
上油后的初生丝经过喂入辊引向热拉伸辊进行拉伸，拉伸倍数为3.0，定型的温度为170℃，卷绕速度为4200m/min。
海岛纤维开纤工艺为：溶剂为3.0wt％氢氧化钠水溶液；开纤温度为90℃，开纤时间为40min；浴比为1:30；纤维失重率为28wt％。
制得的海岛纤维的测试数据指标见表1。
对比例四：
本对比例提供了一种聚酰胺56/水溶性聚酯定岛型海岛纤维制备方法，其包括如下步骤：
将聚酰胺56作为岛成分聚合物，水溶性聚酯作为海成分聚合物，分别熔化后，用计量泵进行计量，并在298℃的纺丝温度下流入纺丝模头。海/岛的综合比率设定为20/80。海岛组分熔体被引入到海岛复合纺丝组件中，从喷丝头挤出。从喷丝头喷出的纱，通过空气冷却装置冷却，上油后，在络纱机通过1500米/分钟卷绕成未拉伸175dtex-112长丝。
随后，在拉伸装置进行拉伸，速度为300米/分钟，伸长率控制为20-40％，得到66dtex-112长丝的拉伸丝。将获得的海岛型复合纤维浸入80℃的1wt％氢氧化钠水溶液中以溶解除去海组分。
制得的海岛纤维的测试数据指标见表1。
表1本发明的实施例和对比例的产品的各性能对比
Figure PCTCN2020072229-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2020072229-appb-000003
本发明实施例1～6所制备的聚酰胺海岛纤维相比与对比例1～3，具有较低的初始模量，因此，实施例1～6所制备的聚酰胺海岛纤维具有较佳的柔软性能。并且，本发明的聚酰胺海岛纤维具有良好的染色性能，实施例1～6所制备的聚酰胺海岛纤维的上染率、染色灰卡等级、染色深度、色牢度也显著优于对比例1～3。
因此，本发明所制得的聚酰胺海岛纤维单丝更细，纤维手感柔软细腻，抗弯刚度明显降低，光泽柔和，纤维比表面积更大，高密结构，更适合用在仿毛、仿丝绸、仿皮、仿桃皮绒、仿麂皮绒、高密防水织物、高性能清洁布、高性能吸滤材料、高吸油材料、高吸水材料、保暖材料、医用材料、汽车内饰材料、安全鞋、箱包、手袋、沙发等领域。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种聚酰胺海岛纤维，其特征在于，岛组分为聚酰胺树脂，选自聚酰胺56、聚酰胺510、聚酰胺511、聚酰胺512、聚酰胺513、聚酰胺514、聚酰胺515、聚酰胺516中的一种，优选为聚酰胺56、聚酰胺510；海组分为聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯、聚苯乙烯、水溶性聚酯、聚酯、聚氨酯中的一种，优选为聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯、水溶性聚酯。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的聚酰胺海岛纤维，其特征在于，所述岛组分选自大有光、半消光、全消光的聚酰胺树脂以及其混合物；和/或，
    所述岛组分聚酰胺树脂的相对粘度为2.4-3.0，优选为2.5-2.9，更优选为2.6-2.8；和/或，
    所述海岛纤维的岛组分与海组分的质量比为20-80:80-20，进一步优选为30-70:70-30。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的聚酰胺海岛纤维，其特征在于，所述海岛纤维包括定岛型海岛纤维与不定岛型海岛纤维；和/或，
    所述定岛型海岛纤维的岛数目为16-500。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的聚酰胺海岛纤维，其特征在于，所述聚酰胺海岛纤维的纤度为10-300dtex，优选为20-200dtex，更优选为30-100dtex；和/或，
    所述聚酰胺海岛纤维的断裂强度为2.0-5.0cN/dtex，优选为2.5-4.5cN/dtex，更优选为3.0-4.0cN/dtex；和/或，
    所述聚酰胺海岛纤维的断裂伸长率为30-80％，优选为40-70％，更优选为45-60％；和/或，
    所述聚酰胺海岛纤维的初始模量为20-50cN/dtex，优选为23-45cN/dtex，更优选为28-38cN/dtex；和/或，
    所述聚酰胺海岛纤维开纤后岛组分单丝纤度为0.001-0.2dtex，优选为0.005-0.1dtex，更优选为0.01-0.05dtex；和/或，
    所述聚酰胺海岛纤维的K/S值≥15，优选为K/S值≥20，更优选为K/S值≥25；和/或，
    所述聚酰胺海岛纤维的上染率≥90％，优选为≥93％，更优选为≥96％；和/或，
    所述聚酰胺海岛纤维的染色均匀度(灰卡)≥3.5级，优选为≥4.0级，更优选为≥4.5级；和/或，
    所述聚酰胺海岛纤维的皂洗褪色牢度≥3.0级，优选≥3.5级，进一步优选≥4.0级，更进一步优选≥4.5级；和/或，所述聚酰胺海岛纤维的皂洗沾色牢度≥3.0级，优选≥3.5级，进一步优选≥4.0级，更进一步优选≥4.5级。
  5. 一种制备如权利要求3所述的定岛型海岛纤维的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括如下步骤：
    1)将岛组分与海组分树脂分别加热熔融，得两种熔体，将两种熔体通过熔体管道输送到纺丝箱体中，分别经计量泵准确计量后，注入到纺丝箱体中的海岛型复合组件中，通过组件内的分配管分配后，两种熔体在喷丝孔入口处汇合挤出；其中，所述岛组分的含水率＜1500ppm，所述海组分含水率＜300ppm；
    2)对步骤1)挤出的初生纤维进行冷却、上油、拉伸、定型，卷绕，得到所述定岛型海岛纤维。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤1)中，
    所述的加热是在螺杆挤出机中进行的，该螺杆挤出机优选分为五区加热；
    岛组分螺杆：一区温度为200-260℃；二区温度为230-280℃；三区温度为240-290℃；四区温度为260-300℃；五区温度为270-310℃；
    海组分螺杆：一区温度为120-220℃；二区温度为140-240℃；三区温度为160-260℃；四区温度为180-280℃；五区温度为160-290℃；和/或，
    所述纺丝箱体的温度为200-300℃；和/或，
    岛组分组件压力为10.0-15.0MPa；海组分组件压力为8.0-15.0MPa，海岛组件压力差控制＜4.0MPa。
  7. 如权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤2)中，
    所述冷却采用侧吹风或环吹风进行冷却；所述风速为0.2-1.2m/s，优选为0.2-1.0m/s，更优选为0.3-0.8m/s；所述侧吹风的风温为15-30℃，优选为20-27℃，更优选为22-25℃；和/或，
    所述上油浓度为0.2-1.0wt％，优选为0.3-0.8wt％，更优选为0.4-0.6wt％；和/ 或，
    所述拉伸的过程为：使上油后的初生丝经过喂入辊引向热拉伸辊进行拉伸，所述拉伸的拉伸倍数优选为2.0-5.0，更优选为2.5-3.0；和/或，
    所述定型的温度为150-220℃，优选为160-200℃，更优选为170-180℃；和/或，
    所述卷绕速度为1000-6000m/min，优选为2000-5000m/min，更优选为2500-4000m/min。
  8. 一种制备如权利要求3所述的不定岛型海岛纤维的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括如下步骤：
    a)将岛组分与海组分按照一定比例均匀混合后加热熔融，共混熔体通过熔体管道输送到纺丝箱体中，经计量泵准确计量后，注入到纺丝箱体中的单组分组件中，共混熔体从喷丝孔挤出；其中，所述岛组分含水率＜1500ppm，所述海组分含水率＜300ppm；
    b)对挤出的初生纤维进行冷却、上油、拉伸、定型，卷绕，得到所述不定岛型海岛纤维。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤a)中，
    所述的加热是在螺杆挤出机中进行的，该螺杆挤出机优选分为五区加热：一区温度为180-240℃；二区温度为200-260℃；三区温度为220-270℃；四区温度为240-280℃；五区温度为200-300℃；和/或，
    所述纺丝箱体的温度为200-300℃；组件压力为10.0-25.0MPa。
  10. 如权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤b)中，
    所述冷却采用侧吹风或环吹风进行冷却；所述风速为0.2-1.2m/s，优选为0.4-1.0m/s，更优选为0.6-0.8m/s；所述侧吹风的风温为15-30℃，优选为23-27℃，更优选为24-25℃；和/或，
    所述上油浓度为0.2-1.0wt％，优选为0.3-0.8wt％，更优选为0.4-0.6wt％；和/或，
    所述拉伸的过程为：使上油后的初生丝经过喂入辊引向热拉伸辊进行拉伸，所述拉伸的拉伸倍数优选为2.0-5.0，更优选为2.5-3.0；和/或，
    所述定型的温度为150-220℃，优选为160-200℃，更优选为170-180℃；和/或，
    所述卷绕速度为1000-6000m/min，优选为2000-5000m/min，更优选为2500-4000m/min。
  11. 一种如权利要求1所述的聚酰胺海岛纤维在制备仿毛、仿丝绸、仿皮、仿桃皮绒、仿麂皮绒、高密防水织物、高性能清洁布、高性能吸滤材料、高吸油材料、高吸水材料、保暖材料、医用材料、汽车内饰材料、安全鞋、箱包、手袋或沙发领域中的应用。
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