WO2021072840A1 - 一种半轴齿轮内花键渗碳淬火方法及渗碳淬火设备 - Google Patents

一种半轴齿轮内花键渗碳淬火方法及渗碳淬火设备 Download PDF

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WO2021072840A1
WO2021072840A1 PCT/CN2019/116256 CN2019116256W WO2021072840A1 WO 2021072840 A1 WO2021072840 A1 WO 2021072840A1 CN 2019116256 W CN2019116256 W CN 2019116256W WO 2021072840 A1 WO2021072840 A1 WO 2021072840A1
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quenching
shaft gear
quenching furnace
carburizing
furnace
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PCT/CN2019/116256
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English (en)
French (fr)
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洪新阳
黄刚敏
周学平
张信伟
郑敏敏
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洪新阳
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Publication of WO2021072840A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021072840A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
    • C21D1/613—Gases; Liquefied or solidified normally gaseous material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/32—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for gear wheels, worm wheels, or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/20—Carburising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/80—After-treatment

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a gear internal spline carburizing and quenching method and its quenching equipment, in particular to a semi-shaft gear internal spline carburizing and quenching method and its quenching equipment.
  • the common gear quenching on the market is to put the gears in a high-temperature quenching furnace, and pass methane, propane and other gases into the quenching furnace to carburize the surface of the gears, and then directly apply the carburized gears to the gears.
  • the overall heating effect of the internal spline is not uniform, and the internal spline will undergo greater deformation after quenching; at the same time, the thickness of the two ends of the half shaft gear is uneven, and the deformation degree of the two ends of the internal spline is different during quenching.
  • the spline is prone to large distortion. Therefore, the existing carburizing and quenching method and equipment for side gears have the problems that the carburizing effect at the position of the internal spline is poor and the internal spline is deformed greatly.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a carburizing and quenching method and a carburizing and quenching equipment for the internal spline of a half-shaft gear.
  • the invention can not only improve the carburizing effect at the position of the inner spline, but also has the advantage of less deformation of the inner spline.
  • a method for carburizing and quenching the internal spline of a half-shaft gear includes the following steps:
  • the propane is input in a spiral shape from the bottom to the top along the placement column.
  • the nitrogen is input in a spiral shape from the bottom to the top along the placement column.
  • the carburizing and quenching equipment used according to the aforementioned method for carburizing and quenching the internal spline of a half-shaft gear includes a quenching furnace.
  • the quenching furnace is provided with a pressure gauge and a temperature gauge; the quenching furnace is provided with a hollow placing column and the quenching furnace
  • the bottom of the column is connected with an exhaust pipe; the side of the column is connected with an intake pipe in the tangential direction, and the first branch pipe and the second branch pipe are connected to the intake pipe;
  • the top of the column is provided with a horizontal ring-shaped placing rack, and the corresponding placing rack on the side of the quenching furnace
  • a furnace door is arranged at the position of the quenching furnace; the top end of the quenching furnace is connected with a vertically arranged telescopic cylinder, the bottom end of the telescopic cylinder is fixed with a motor, and the bottom end of the motor is fixed with a resistance heating coil.
  • a suction pump is connected to the suction pipe, and a check valve is provided on the suction pipe.
  • both the first branch pipe and the second branch pipe are connected with on-off valves.
  • a sealing strip is provided on the furnace door.
  • the present invention improves the existing method of carburizing and quenching of the internal spline of the half shaft gear.
  • the two sides of the half shaft gear at 12 o’clock are thus improved.
  • the thickness of the ends is the same, so that during the later quenching, the deformation of the two ends of the half-shaft gear is as consistent as possible, so as to prevent the two ends of the internal spline from being twisted;
  • the quenching furnace is pumped to a low-pressure vacuum state for carburizing, and the propane is used as the carburizing gas
  • the resistance heating coil (height is greater than or equal to the length of the inner spline) uniformly heats the inner spline, so that the carburizing uniformity is higher;
  • the high-pressure high-purity is passed from bottom to top along the placed column Nitrogen makes the nitrogen gas continuously and quickly pass through the position of the inner spline to quench the inner spline, so that
  • the propane and nitrogen in the present invention are input from bottom to top as optional equipment, so that propane and nitrogen can pass through the position of the inner spline evenly, so that the carburizing and quenching of the inner spline is more uniform and the deformation is small.
  • the present invention improves the original carburizing and quenching equipment, by providing a hollow placement column in the quenching furnace, the top of the placement column is provided with a ring-shaped placement frame (after the compensation sleeve on the half shaft gear sleeve can be placed smoothly Put the half-shaft gear in the rack through the furnace door on the quenching furnace, then close the furnace door, and then evacuate the quenching furnace through the exhaust pipe, so that the interior of the quenching furnace forms a low pressure state; the top of the quenching furnace is telescopic The cylinder extends downward so that the resistance heating coil at the bottom of the motor is located inside the inner spline of the side gear.
  • the inner spline is heated by thermal radiation, and the motor is started to drive the resistance heating coil to rotate.
  • the first branch pipe passes the carburizing gas such as propane to the tangential direction of the column through the air inlet pipe , So that the carburizing gas rises spirally.
  • the carburizing gas evenly rises to the position of the inner spline (the exhaust pipe continues to pump air to maintain the low pressure in the quenching furnace), thereby ensuring the carburizing at the position of the inner spline
  • the amount and uniformity of the gas improve the carburizing effect of the internal spline; after the carburizing is completed, the first branch pipe is closed, the resistance heating coil is turned off and the telescopic rod is contracted, and then the second branch pipe passes through the air inlet pipe along the quenching furnace
  • the quenching gas such as high-pressure and high-purity nitrogen is introduced in the tangential direction, and the quenching gas uniformly cools and quenches the internal splines of the half-shaft gears (stop the exhaust pipe to make the pressure in the quenching furnace gradually increase), and reduce the internal flowers.
  • the degree of quenching deformation of the key; and the use of low-pressure carburizing and high-pressure gas quenching further reduces the degree of deformation of the spline in the gear, and ensures the yield of the half-shaft gear.
  • the air extraction pipe on the carburizing and quenching equipment of the present invention An air extraction pump is connected to the quenching furnace to help pump the quenching furnace into a low pressure state.
  • the air extraction pipe is equipped with a check valve to prevent the gas from entering the quenching furnace from the air extraction pipe; on the first branch pipe and the second branch pipe All are connected with on-off valves, and by controlling the opening and closing of the two on-off valves, the steps of carburizing and quenching of the spline in the gear can be adjusted; a sealing strip is provided on the furnace door to ensure the airtightness of the furnace door, thereby ensuring the quenching furnace
  • the internal low-pressure carburized state Therefore, the present invention can not only improve the carburizing effect at the position of the internal spline, but also has the advantage of less deformation of the internal spline.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.
  • the marks in the drawings are: 1-quenching furnace, 2-placement column, 3-exhaust pipe, 4-intake pipe, 5-first branch pipe, 6-placement frame, 7-furnace door, 8-telescopic cylinder, 9- Motor, 10- resistance heating coil, 11- air pump, 12- check valve, 13- switch valve, 14- sealing strip, 15- second branch, 16- pressure gauge, 17- temperature gauge.
  • Example 1 A method for carburizing and quenching the internal splines of a half-shaft gear includes the following steps:
  • the propane is input in a spiral shape along the placing column from bottom to top; the nitrogen is input in a spiral shape along the placing column from bottom to top.
  • a carburizing and quenching equipment for shaft gear internal splines The structure is shown in Figure 1. It includes a quenching furnace 1. A pressure gauge 16 and a temperature gauge 17 are provided on the quenching furnace 1; a hollow placing column 2 is provided in the quenching furnace 1 , The bottom of the quenching furnace 1 is connected with an exhaust pipe 3; the tangential direction of the side of the column 2 is connected with an intake pipe 4, and the first branch pipe 5 and the second branch pipe 15 are connected to the intake pipe 4; the top of the column 2 is provided with a horizontal A ring-shaped placing frame 6 is provided with a furnace door 7 on the side of the quenching furnace 1 at a position corresponding to the placing frame 6; the top of the quenching furnace 1 is connected with a vertically arranged telescopic cylinder 8, and the bottom end of the telescopic cylinder 8 is fixed with a motor 9. A resistance heating coil 10 is fixed at the bottom end of the motor 9.
  • the suction pipe 3 is connected with a suction pump 11, and the suction pipe 3 is provided with a check valve 12; the first branch pipe 5 and the second branch pipe 15 are both connected with an on-off valve 13; the furnace door 7 is provided with Sealing strip 14.
  • a carburizing and quenching method for internal splines of a half-shaft gear includes a carburizing and quenching method for internal splines of a half-shaft gear, including the following steps:
  • the propane is input in a spiral shape along the placing column from bottom to top; the nitrogen is input in a spiral shape along the placing column from bottom to top.
  • a carburizing and quenching equipment for shaft gear internal splines The structure is shown in Figure 1. It includes a quenching furnace 1. A pressure gauge 16 and a temperature gauge 17 are provided on the quenching furnace 1; a hollow placing column 2 is provided in the quenching furnace 1 , The bottom of the quenching furnace 1 is connected with an exhaust pipe 3; the tangential direction of the side of the column 2 is connected with an intake pipe 4, and the first branch pipe 5 and the second branch pipe 15 are connected to the intake pipe 4; the top of the column 2 is provided with a horizontal A ring-shaped placing frame 6 is provided with a furnace door 7 on the side of the quenching furnace 1 at a position corresponding to the placing frame 6; the top of the quenching furnace 1 is connected with a vertically arranged telescopic cylinder 8, and the bottom end of the telescopic cylinder 8 is fixed with a motor 9. A resistance heating coil 10 is fixed at the bottom end of the motor 9.
  • the suction pipe 3 is connected with a suction pump 11, and the suction pipe 3 is provided with a check valve 12; the first branch pipe 5 and the second branch pipe 15 are both connected with an on-off valve 13; the furnace door 7 is provided with Sealing strip 14.
  • the working principle of the above embodiment open the furnace door 7 hinged on the side of the quenching furnace 1 on one side, place the half-axle gear on the placement frame 6 at the top of the placement column 2, and then close the furnace door 7 (close the furnace door 7 and buckle The buckle on the other side of the upper side), the sealing strip 14 on the furnace door 7 seals the furnace door 7 and the quenching furnace 1; then the suction pump 11 is started to pump the quenching furnace 1 to the bottom of the quenching furnace 1 through the suction pipe 3 In a low pressure state (the temperature gauge 17 and pressure gauge 16 are provided on the quenching furnace to easily know the temperature and pressure in the quenching furnace), the check valve 12 on the suction pipe 3 will not be pumped from the gas after the suction pump 11 stops pumping.
  • the air pipe 3 returns; then, the telescopic cylinder 8 at the top of the quenching furnace 1 extends downward, so that the motor 9 is lowered and the resistance heating coil 10 extends into the inside of the half-shaft gear, and the motor 9 is started to drive the resistance heating coil 10 to rotate.
  • the switch valve 13 on the first branch pipe 5 is opened, so that the carburizing gas passes through the intake pipe 4
  • the tangential direction of the column 2 passes into the column 2, and the carburizing gas evenly passes through the inner spline position after spirally rising, so that the inner spline position can be evenly carburized; after the carburizing is completed, stop the resistance heating coil 10 to be energized and connected Reset, then close the on-off valve 13 on the first branch pipe 5, and open the on-off valve 13 on the second branch pipe 15, so that the high-pressure quenching gas enters the placement column 2 along the tangential direction of the quenching furnace 1, and spirals upward.
  • the internal splines of the side gears are uniformly cooled to prevent stress concentration in some positions during the quenching of the internal splines, resulting in excessive deformation and damage to the internal s

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种半轴齿轮内花键渗碳淬火方法及渗碳淬火设备，其方法包括在半轴齿轮上套接补偿套，并放入内部低压的淬火炉内，接着将内花键加热至900℃，并在内花键位置处通入丙烷，持续240min；然后将内花键的温度降至840℃，并持续通入丙烷45min；停止加热和丙烷的通入，并改为通入高压高纯度氮气，持续20min，最后从淬火炉内取出半轴齿轮冷却至室温；其设备包括淬火炉，淬火炉内设置有中空的放置柱，淬火炉的底部连接有抽气管；放置柱侧面的切线方向上通过进气管连接有第一支管和第二支管；所述淬火炉的顶端连接有伸缩缸，伸缩缸的底端通过电机固定有电阻式加热线圈。本发明不仅能够提高内花键位置处的渗碳效果，还具有内花键变形较小的优点。

Description

一种半轴齿轮内花键渗碳淬火方法及渗碳淬火设备 技术领域
本发明涉及一种齿轮内花键渗碳淬火方法及其淬火设备，特别是一种半轴齿轮内花键渗碳淬火方法及其淬火设备。
背景技术
目前，市场上常见的齿轮淬火，都是将齿轮放入内部高温的淬火炉中，并向淬火炉中通入甲烷、丙烷等气体，使得齿轮表面进行渗碳，接着将渗碳完成的齿轮直接浸入淬火油中进行降温淬火，从而使得齿轮表面具有较好的耐磨性和硬度，而齿轮内部依旧保持有韧性；但对于有内花键的半轴齿轮采用此类装置进行淬火，直接向淬火炉内充入甲烷等气体，气体不易到达内花键位置处，使得内花键位置处的渗碳效果较差；且淬火炉中加热位置处的一端部温度较高，内部温度分布不均匀，使得内花键的整体加热效果不均匀，淬火后内花键会发生较大的变形；同时，半轴齿轮两端部的厚度不均匀，淬火时内花键两端部的变形程度不同，内花键容易发生较大的扭曲。因此，现有的半轴齿轮渗碳淬火方法和设备存在着内花键位置处的渗碳效果较差和内花键变形较大的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，提供一种半轴齿轮内花键渗碳淬火方法及渗碳淬火设备。本发明不仅能够提高内花键位置处的渗碳效果，还具有内花键变形较小的优点。
本发明的技术方案：一种半轴齿轮内花键渗碳淬火方法，包括以下步骤：
a、在半轴齿轮上的半轴部位套接补偿套，得A品；此时，半轴齿轮两端的厚度相同；
b、将A品竖直放入淬火炉内中空的放置柱顶端，并将淬火炉进行抽气，直至淬火炉内的压强为150～2000pa；
c、将电阻式加热线圈设置在半轴齿轮中部的内花键位置处，然后对电阻式加热线圈进行通电，将半轴齿轮上的内花键加热至880～950℃；
d、接着通过中空的放置柱从下往上通入流量为0.08～0.15m 3/h的丙烷，持续220～280min，得D品；
e、然后将D品中半轴齿轮内花键上的温度降至820～840℃，并持续通入流量为0.08～0.15m 3/h的丙烷40～50min，得E品；
f、移走电阻式加热线圈，停止丙烷通入，并通过中空的放置柱从下往上向E品中半轴齿轮内花键位置处通入压强为1～1.5Mpa的氮气，持续15～20min，得F品；
g、从淬火炉内取出F品冷却至室温，接着取下半轴齿轮上的补偿套，得成品。
前述的一种半轴齿轮内花键渗碳淬火方法中，所述丙烷沿着放置柱呈螺旋状从下往上输入。
前述的一种半轴齿轮内花键渗碳淬火方法中，所述氮气沿着放置柱呈螺旋状从下往上输入。
按照前述的一种半轴齿轮内花键渗碳淬火方法用的渗碳淬火设备，包括淬火炉，淬火炉上设置有压力表和温度表；淬火炉内设置有中空的放置柱，淬火炉的底部连接有抽气管；放置柱侧面的切线方向上连接有进气管，进气管上连接有第一支管和第二支管；放置柱的顶部设置有水平环形的放置架，淬火炉侧面上对应放置架的位置处设有炉门；所述淬火炉的顶端连接有竖直设置的伸缩缸，伸缩缸的底端固 定有电机，电机的底端固定有电阻式加热线圈。
前述的渗碳淬火设备中，所述抽气管上连接有抽气泵，抽气管上设置有止回阀。
前述的渗碳淬火设备中，所述第一支管和第二支管上均连接有开关阀。
前述的渗碳淬火设备中，所述炉门上设置有密封条。
与现有技术相比，本发明改进了现有的半轴齿轮内花键渗碳淬火方法，通过先将半轴齿轮上的半轴部位套接补偿套，从而十二点半轴齿轮的两端厚度相同，从而使得后期淬火时，半轴齿轮两端的变形程度尽可能一致，从而防止内花键两端扭曲；并将淬火炉抽气至低压真空状态进行渗碳，作为渗碳气体的丙烷沿着放置柱从下往上均匀经过内花键位置处，且电阻式加热线圈(高度大于等于内花键的长度)对内花键进行均匀加热，使得渗碳的匀度较高；渗碳经过880～950℃的强渗和扩散期，再经过820～840℃的保温期，使得内花键位置处的渗碳效果较好；最后沿着放置柱从下往上通入高压的高纯度氮气，使得氮气持续快速经过内花键位置处将内花键淬火，使得内花键淬火降温较均匀变形较小。此外，本发明中的丙烷和氮气均是呈楼选装从下往上输入，进一步使得丙烷和氮气能均匀地经过内花键位置处，使得内花键的渗碳淬火较均匀，变形较小；且本发明改进了原有的渗碳淬火设备，通过在淬火炉内设置有中空的放置柱，放置柱的顶端设置有环形的放置架(半轴齿轮套上补偿套后能平稳地放置在放置架内，将半轴齿轮通过淬火炉上的炉门放在放置架内再关闭炉门，然后通过抽气管对淬火炉进行抽气，从而使得淬火炉内部形成低压状态；淬火炉顶端的伸缩缸向下伸动使得电机底端的电阻式加热线圈位于半轴齿轮内花键的内部，电阻式加热线圈通电加热后通过热辐射对内花键进行加热，同时启动电机带动电阻式加热线圈转动，防止电阻式加热 线圈内部电阻不均匀从而导致内花键加热不均匀的问题，保证了内花键加热较均匀；同时，第一支管通过进气管向放置柱的切线方向通入丙烷等渗碳气体，使得渗碳气体螺旋状上升，上升一端高度后渗碳气体均匀上升至内花键位置处(抽气管持续抽气，保持淬火炉内的低压状态)，从而保证了内花键位置处渗碳气体的量和匀度，提高内花键的渗碳效果；渗碳完成后，关闭第一支管，将电阻式加热线圈断电并收缩伸缩杆，然后第二支管通过进气管沿着淬火炉的切线方向通入高压高纯度氮气等淬火气体，淬火气体对半轴齿轮的内花键进行均匀地降温淬火(停止抽气管抽气，使得淬火炉内的压力逐渐变大)，减小了内花键的淬火变形程度；且采用低压渗碳和高压气体淬火进一步减小了齿轮内花键的变形程度，保证了半轴齿轮的成品率。此外，本发明中的渗碳淬火设备上的抽气管上连接有抽气泵，有助于将淬火炉进行抽气形成低压状态，抽气管上设置有止回阀，止回阀能防止气体从抽气管重新进入淬火炉；第一支管和第二支管上均连接有开关阀，通过控制两个开关阀的开闭，从而调整齿轮内花键的渗碳和淬火的步骤；炉门上设置有密封条，保证炉门位置处的密闭，从而保证淬火炉内部的低压渗碳状态。因此，本发明不仅能够提高内花键位置处的渗碳效果，还具有内花键变形较小的优点。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图。
附图中的标记为：1-淬火炉，2-放置柱，3-抽气管，4-进气管，5-第一支管，6-放置架，7-炉门，8-伸缩缸，9-电机，10-电阻式加热线圈，11-抽气泵，12-止回阀，13-开关阀，14-密封条，15-第二支管，16-压力表，17-温度表。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的说明，但并不作为对 本发明限制的依据。
实施例1。一种半轴齿轮内花键渗碳淬火方法，包括以下步骤：
a、在半轴齿轮上的半轴部位套接补偿套，得A品；此时，半轴齿轮两端的厚度相同；
b、将A品竖直放入淬火炉内中空的放置柱顶端，并将淬火炉进行抽气，直至淬火炉内的压强为150～2000pa；
c、将电阻式加热线圈设置在半轴齿轮中部的内花键位置处，然后对电阻式加热线圈进行通电，将半轴齿轮上的内花键加热至880～950℃；
d、接着通过中空的放置柱从下往上通入流量为0.08～0.15m 3/h的丙烷，持续220～280min，得D品；
e、然后将D品中半轴齿轮内花键上的温度降至820～840℃，并持续通入流量为0.08～0.15m 3/h的丙烷40～50min，得E品；
f、移走电阻式加热线圈，停止丙烷通入，并通过中空的放置柱从下往上向E品中半轴齿轮内花键位置处通入压强为1～1.5Mpa的氮气，持续15～20min，得F品；
g、从淬火炉内取出F品冷却至室温，接着取下半轴齿轮上的补偿套，得成品。
所述丙烷沿着放置柱呈螺旋状从下往上输入；所述氮气沿着放置柱呈螺旋状从下往上输入。
一种轴齿轮内花键的渗碳淬火设备，构成如图1所示，包括淬火炉1，淬火炉1上设置有压力表16和温度表17；淬火炉1内设置有中空的放置柱2，淬火炉1的底部连接有抽气管3；放置柱2侧面的切线方向上连接有进气管4，进气管4上连接有第一支管5和第二支管15；放置柱2的顶部设置有水平环形的放置架6，淬火炉1侧面上对应放置架6的位置处设有炉门7；所述淬火炉1的顶端连接有竖直 设置的伸缩缸8，伸缩缸8的底端固定有电机9，电机9的底端固定有电阻式加热线圈10。
所述抽气管3上连接有抽气泵11，抽气管3上设置有止回阀12；所述第一支管5和第二支管15上均连接有开关阀13；所述炉门7上设置有密封条14。
实施例2。一种半轴齿轮内花键渗碳淬火方法，包括一种半轴齿轮内花键渗碳淬火方法，包括以下步骤：
a、在半轴齿轮上的半轴部位套接补偿套，得A品；此时，半轴齿轮两端的厚度相同；
b、将A品竖直放入淬火炉内中空的放置柱顶端，并将淬火炉进行抽气，直至淬火炉内的压强为1000pa；
c、将电阻式加热线圈设置在半轴齿轮中部的内花键位置处，然后对电阻式加热线圈进行通电，将半轴齿轮上的内花键加热至900℃；
d、接着通过中空的放置柱从下往上通入流量为0.1m 3/h的丙烷，持续240min，得D品；
e、然后将D品中半轴齿轮内花键上的温度降至840℃，并持续通入流量为0.1m 3/h的丙烷45min，得E品；
f、移走电阻式加热线圈，停止丙烷通入，并通过中空的放置柱从下往上向E品中半轴齿轮内花键位置处通入压强为1.2Mpa的氮气，持续20min，得F品；
g、从淬火炉内取出F品冷却至室温，接着取下半轴齿轮上的补偿套，得成品。
所述丙烷沿着放置柱呈螺旋状从下往上输入；所述氮气沿着放置柱呈螺旋状从下往上输入。
一种轴齿轮内花键的渗碳淬火设备，构成如图1所示，包括淬火 炉1，淬火炉1上设置有压力表16和温度表17；淬火炉1内设置有中空的放置柱2，淬火炉1的底部连接有抽气管3；放置柱2侧面的切线方向上连接有进气管4，进气管4上连接有第一支管5和第二支管15；放置柱2的顶部设置有水平环形的放置架6，淬火炉1侧面上对应放置架6的位置处设有炉门7；所述淬火炉1的顶端连接有竖直设置的伸缩缸8，伸缩缸8的底端固定有电机9，电机9的底端固定有电阻式加热线圈10。
所述抽气管3上连接有抽气泵11，抽气管3上设置有止回阀12；所述第一支管5和第二支管15上均连接有开关阀13；所述炉门7上设置有密封条14。
上述实施例的工作原理：打开一侧铰接在淬火炉1侧面上的炉门7将半轴齿轮放在放置柱2顶端的放置架6上，再关上炉门7(合上炉门7再扣上另一侧的卡扣)，炉门7上的密封条14将炉门7和淬火炉1密封；接着启动抽气泵11通过与淬火炉1底部连通的抽气管3将淬火炉1内抽至低压状态(淬火炉上设有温度表17和压力表16，方便得知淬火炉内的温度和压力)，抽气管3上的止回阀12在抽气泵11停止抽气后气体不会从抽气管3处回流；随后，淬火炉1顶端的伸缩缸8向下伸动，使得电机9下降并使得电阻式加热线圈10伸入半轴式齿轮内部，启动电机9带动电阻式加热线圈10转动，使得通电后的电阻式加热线圈10通电后自身发热并均匀加热半轴式齿轮内花键至一定温度；然后，打开第一支管5上的开关阀13，使得渗碳气体经过进气管4从放置柱2切线方向通入放置柱2内，渗碳气体螺旋上升后均匀地经过内花键位置处，使得内花键位置处能均匀渗碳；渗碳完成后，停止电阻式加热线圈10通电并进行复位，接着关闭第一支管5上的开关阀13，并打开第二支管15上的开关阀13，使得高压的淬火气体沿着淬火炉1的切线方向进入放置柱2内，并螺旋 上升后对半轴齿轮的内花键进行均匀冷却，防止内花键淬火时部分位置应力集中从而导致变形过大导致内花键损坏的问题。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种半轴齿轮内花键渗碳淬火方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    a、在半轴齿轮上的半轴部位套接补偿套，得A品；此时，半轴齿轮两端的厚度相同；
    b、将A品竖直放入淬火炉内中空的放置柱顶端，并将淬火炉进行抽气，直至淬火炉内的压强为150～2000pa；
    c、将电阻式加热线圈设置在半轴齿轮中部的内花键位置处，然后对电阻式加热线圈进行通电，将半轴齿轮上的内花键加热至880～950℃；
    d、接着通过中空的放置柱从下往上通入流量为0.08～0.15m 3/h的丙烷，持续220～280min，得D品；
    e、然后将D品中半轴齿轮内花键上的温度降至820～840℃，并持续通入流量为0.08～0.15m 3/h的丙烷40～50min，得E品；
    f、移走电阻式加热线圈，停止丙烷通入，并通过中空的放置柱从下往上向E品中半轴齿轮内花键位置处通入压强为1～1.5Mpa的氮气，持续15～20min，得F品；
    g、从淬火炉内取出F品冷却至室温，接着取下半轴齿轮上的补偿套，得成品。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种半轴齿轮内花键渗碳淬火方法，其特征在于：所述丙烷沿着放置柱呈螺旋状从下往上输入。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种半轴齿轮内花键渗碳淬火方法，其特征在于：所述氮气沿着放置柱呈螺旋状从下往上输入。
  4. 按照权利要求1至3中任一权利要求所述的一种半轴齿轮内花键渗碳淬火方法用的渗碳淬火设备，其特征在于：包括淬火炉(1)， 淬火炉(1)上设置有压力表(16)和温度表(17)；淬火炉(1)内设置有中空的放置柱(2)，淬火炉(1)的底部连接有抽气管(3)；放置柱(2)侧面的切线方向上连接有进气管(4)，进气管(4)上连接有第一支管(5)和第二支管(15)；放置柱(2)的顶部设置有水平环形的放置架(6)，淬火炉(1)侧面上对应放置架(6)的位置处设有炉门(7)；所述淬火炉(1)的顶端连接有竖直设置的伸缩缸(8)，伸缩缸(8)的底端固定有电机(9)，电机(9)的底端固定有电阻式加热线圈(10)。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的渗碳淬火设备，其特征在于：所述抽气管(3)上连接有抽气泵(11)，抽气管(3)上设置有止回阀(12)。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的渗碳淬火设备，其特征在于：所述第一支管(5)和第二支管(15)上均连接有开关阀(13)。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的渗碳淬火设备，其特征在于：所述炉门(7)上设置有密封条(14)。
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