WO2021063172A1 - 用于换热器的翅片和换热器 - Google Patents

用于换热器的翅片和换热器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021063172A1
WO2021063172A1 PCT/CN2020/115258 CN2020115258W WO2021063172A1 WO 2021063172 A1 WO2021063172 A1 WO 2021063172A1 CN 2020115258 W CN2020115258 W CN 2020115258W WO 2021063172 A1 WO2021063172 A1 WO 2021063172A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
fin
heat exchanger
core layer
thickness
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/115258
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘玉章
闫志恒
王传廷
周涵
麻琼彤
Original Assignee
杭州三花微通道换热器有限公司
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Application filed by 杭州三花微通道换热器有限公司 filed Critical 杭州三花微通道换热器有限公司
Priority to JP2022519749A priority Critical patent/JP7373653B2/ja
Publication of WO2021063172A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021063172A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B32B15/016—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic all layers being formed of aluminium or aluminium alloys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/24—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
    • F28F1/32—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely the means having portions engaging further tubular elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
    • F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
    • F28F21/084—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from aluminium or aluminium alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/40—Symmetrical or sandwich layers, e.g. ABA, ABCBA, ABCCBA

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of heat exchange technology, and more specifically, to a fin and a heat exchanger for a heat exchanger.
  • the fins are arranged between adjacent heat exchange tubes, and the fins are welded to the adjacent heat exchange tubes to enhance the heat exchange with air.
  • the corrosion resistance of the fin in the air not only affects the heat exchange performance of the heat exchanger, but is also related to the life of the heat exchanger, which is an important indicator of the performance of the fin.
  • the fin of the heat exchanger includes an aluminum alloy core layer and a brazing layer, and the brazing layer directly covers the aluminum alloy core layer to weld the core layer and the heat exchange tube.
  • the material of the brazing layer is also aluminum alloy.
  • the intergranular corrosion resistance of the fin material after welding is greatly reduced compared with that before welding. , Which seriously affects the life of the heat exchanger.
  • an embodiment of one aspect of the present application proposes a fin for a heat exchanger, the fin includes material layers of different alloy element types and/or alloy element contents, and the corrosion resistance after welding is improved, Applying this fin to a heat exchanger can extend the life of the heat exchanger.
  • Another embodiment of the present application also proposes a heat exchanger.
  • the fin for a heat exchanger includes a core layer, a first layer and a second layer, the material of the core layer is industrial pure aluminum or aluminum alloy, and the core layer It includes a first side surface and a second side surface arranged opposite to each other in the thickness direction thereof, the material of the second layer is aluminum alloy, and at least one of the first side surface and the second side surface of the core layer is provided with the The second layer, the element of the material of the first layer includes an alloy element that does not form a binary intermetallic compound with the aluminum element, the thickness direction of the core layer, the thickness direction of the first layer, and the second layer The thickness direction of the second layer is substantially parallel, the second layer includes two sides arranged opposite to each other in the thickness direction thereof, one of the two sides of the second layer is away from the core layer, and the second layer The first layer is arranged outside the one side surface, the material of the second layer and the material of the core layer have different alloying element types and/or different content of at least one alloying
  • the first layer does not form a binary intermetallic compound with the aluminum element
  • the alloying elements diffuse to the second layer, and these alloying elements diffuse more in the grain boundary position of the second layer, but due to the different materials of the second layer and the core layer (different element types and/or element contents), at least part of them
  • the grains of the second layer and the core layer are not fused, forming more grain boundaries, and these grain boundaries are not directly connected with the grain boundaries in the second layer, thus lengthening or blocking the diffusion along the second layer grain boundaries
  • These alloying elements thereby reducing the distribution of these alloying elements on the grain boundaries of the core layer, and improving the corrosion resistance of the fins.
  • the use of the fins in the heat exchanger can prolong the service life of the heat exchanger. .
  • the material of the first layer includes silicon, and the material of the first layer is an Al-Si-based alloy.
  • the solid liquidus temperature of the material of the core layer is higher than or equal to the solid liquidus temperature of the second layer.
  • the second layer includes multiple layers of materials, and the materials of adjacent layers in the multiple layers of the second layer have different types of alloying elements and/or different content of at least one alloying element.
  • the material of the first layer and the material of the core layer have different types of alloying elements and/or different content of at least one alloy element, and the material of the first layer and the material of the second layer
  • the types of alloying elements are different and/or the content of at least one alloying element is different, and at least part of the grain boundaries of the materials of the first layer and the second layer are not shared.
  • the fin includes a first side surface and a second side surface arranged opposite to each other in the thickness direction thereof, and a side surface of the first layer away from the second layer in the thickness direction thereof forms the fin The first side or the second side.
  • the thickness of the first layer accounts for 3%-15% of the thickness of the fin.
  • the thickness of the second layer accounts for 10%-50% of the thickness of the fin.
  • a heat exchanger includes: a first header and a second header, the first header and the second header are arranged at intervals; a plurality of heat exchanges Tube, one end of the heat exchange tube is connected to the first header, and the other end of the heat exchange tube is connected to the second header to communicate the first header and the second header; fins The fins are arranged between the adjacent heat exchange tubes, the fins are the fins for heat exchangers according to any one of the above embodiments, and the core layer of the fins passes through the The first layer of the fin is welded and connected to the heat exchange tube, and at least part of the crystal grains of the material of the second layer of the fin and the core layer are not shared.
  • the heat exchange tube is a flat tube
  • the fin has a length, a width, and a thickness
  • the length direction of the fin is substantially parallel to the thickness direction of the flat tube
  • the width of the fin The direction is substantially parallel to the width direction of the flat tube
  • the fin is provided with a plurality of through holes or slot holes for cooperating and installing a plurality of the flat tubes.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fin for a heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a fin for a heat exchanger according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the fin 1 for a heat exchanger includes a core layer 11, a first layer 12, and a second layer 13.
  • the material of the core layer 11 is industrial pure aluminum or aluminum alloy, and the aluminum alloy of the core layer 11 may be rust-proof aluminum, aluminum-zinc alloy or other aluminum alloys.
  • the solid-liquid line temperature of the material of the core layer 11 is not lower than 615°C.
  • the core layer 11 includes a first side surface and a second side surface that are oppositely arranged in the thickness direction thereof. As shown in FIG. 1, the thickness direction of the core layer 11 is in the up-down direction, and the core layer 11 includes an upper side and a lower side that are oppositely arranged in the up-down direction.
  • At least one of the first side and the second side of the core layer 11 is provided with a second layer 13 outside.
  • a second layer 13 is arranged outside the sides.
  • the material of the second layer 13 is aluminum alloy, and the aluminum alloy of the second layer 13 may be rust-proof aluminum or other aluminum alloys. Specifically, the solid-liquid line temperature of the material of the second layer 13 is not lower than 615°C.
  • the elements of the material of the first layer 12 include alloy elements that do not form a binary intermetallic compound with aluminum element, and the alloy element and aluminum element will only form a solid solution upon heating.
  • the material of the first layer 12 includes silicon.
  • the material of the second layer 13 is an Al-Si based alloy.
  • the thickness direction of the core layer 11, the thickness direction of the first layer 12, and the thickness direction of the second layer 13 are substantially parallel.
  • the second layer 13 includes two sides arranged opposite to each other in the thickness direction. One of the two sides of the second layer 13 is away from the core layer 11, and the first layer 12 is provided on the one side of the second layer 13 outside.
  • the core layer 11, the second layer 13, and the first layer 12 are arranged in sequence, and the core layer 11 and the second layer 13 are in contact, and the second layer 13 and the first layer 12 are in contact.
  • the thickness direction of the core layer 11, the thickness direction of the first layer 12, and the thickness direction of the second layer 13 are all up and down, and the second layer 13 includes upper and lower sides that are opposite in the up and down direction.
  • the second layer 13 is arranged on the upper side of the core layer 11, that is, the lower side of the second layer 13 is in contact with the upper side of the core layer 11, and the upper side of the second layer 13 is provided with the first layer 12.
  • the material of the first layer 12 is brazing material
  • the fin 1 for the heat exchanger according to the embodiment of the present application is brazed and connected to other parts of the heat exchanger through the first layer 12.
  • the material of the second layer 13 and the material of the core layer 11 have different alloy element types and/or different content of at least one alloy element, and at least part of the grain boundaries of the material of the second layer 13 and the core layer 11 are not shared.
  • the composition of the material of the second layer 13 and the material of the core layer 11 are inconsistent, that is, the material of the second layer 13 and the material of the core layer 11 have different alloying elements, or the material of the second layer 13 and the material of the core layer 11 are different.
  • the alloying element content is different, or the alloying element type and alloying element content of the material of the second layer 13 and the material of the core layer 11 are different.
  • some grain boundaries are not shared between the materials of the second layer 13 and the core layer 11.
  • the first layer 12 does not form a binary metal with aluminum.
  • the alloying elements of the inter-compound for example, Si element
  • these alloying elements diffuse more in the grain boundary position of the second layer 13, but the composition of the second layer 13 and the core layer 11 are different ( Different element types and/or element contents), at least part of the grains of the second layer 13 and the core layer 11 are not fused, forming more grain boundaries, and these grain boundaries are not directly connected to the grain boundaries in the second layer 13 Connected, thereby lengthening or blocking the alloying elements diffused along the grain boundary of the second layer 13, thereby reducing the distribution of these alloying elements on the grain boundary of the core layer 11, and improving the corrosion resistance of the fin 1.
  • Applying the fin 1 to a heat exchanger can prolong the service life of the heat exchanger.
  • the fin 1 for the heat exchanger has a multilayer structure, and the fin 1 of the multilayer structure combines the core layer 11, the second layer 13, and the first layer 12 through hot rolling processing. Together (welded together), the initial state of the grains of the core layer 11, the second layer 13 and the first layer 12 are not shared at all.
  • the grains near the interface of the adjacent layers will be Some of them are fused into one, that is, some of the crystal grains become shared by both sides, but not all crystal grains are completely common. The greater the difference in composition of the materials on both sides, the lower the tendency of grains to fuse on both sides of the grain boundary, and the lower the proportion of grains that fuse together.
  • the diffusion of the elements in the core layer 11 to the first layer 12 during the brazing process is also controlled.
  • more beneficial alloy elements can be added to the core layer 11 to increase the strength and corrosion resistance of the core layer 11 without affecting the brazing performance, so as to increase the strength of the fin 1.
  • the high-strength fin 1 material has It is beneficial to control the thickness and cost of the fin 1.
  • the solidus liquidus temperature of the material of the core layer 11 is higher than or equal to the solidus liquidus temperature of the second layer 13.
  • the second layer 13 includes multiple layers of materials, and adjacent layers of the multiple layers of the second layer 13 have different types of alloying elements and/or different content of at least one alloying element.
  • a multi-layer material is arranged between the core layer 11 and the first layer 12, a layer of the multi-layer material adjacent to the core layer 11 is in contact with the core layer 11, and the multi-layer second layer 13 is adjacent to the first layer 12 One layer of material is in contact with the third layer.
  • composition of the materials of the adjacent layers of the second layer 13 is different, that is, the alloy element types of the materials of the adjacent layers of the second layer 13 are different, or the alloy element content of the materials of the adjacent layers of the second layer 13 is different, Alternatively, the alloy element types and alloy element contents of the materials of the adjacent layers of the second layer 13 are different.
  • the materials of the adjacent layers of the second layer 13 are different, at least part of the material of one layer of the adjacent layers of the second layer 13 is not fused with the crystal grains of the material of the other layer, and the grain boundaries are not directly connected, thus The diffusion time of the alloy elements such as Si in the first layer 12 in the multilayer material in the second layer 13 is lengthened.
  • the material of the first layer 12 and the material of the core layer 11 have different types of alloying elements and/or different content of at least one alloying element, and the types of alloying elements of the material of the first layer 12 and the material of the second layer 13 are different Different and/or different in the content of at least one alloying element, at least part of the grain boundaries of the materials of the first layer 12 and the second layer 13 are not shared.
  • the material of the first layer 12 and the material of the second layer 13 are different from the material of the core layer 11, and the material of the first layer 12 and the material of the second layer 13 are different. Part of the grain boundaries are not shared between the materials of the second layer 13 and the core layer 11 and between the materials of the second layer 13 and the second layer 2.
  • the Si element in the first layer 12 diffuses into the second layer 13. Due to the different composition of the materials of the first layer 12 and the second layer 13 (different element types and/or element contents), at least part of the first layer 12 The material grains of the layer 12 and the second layer 13 are not fused, which can lengthen or block the Si diffused from the first layer 12, thereby further reducing the Si distribution on the grain boundary of the core layer 11 and improving the resistance of the fin 1. Corrosion performance, applying the fin 1 to a heat exchanger can prolong the service life of the heat exchanger.
  • the first side and the second side of the core layer 11 opposite to each other in the thickness direction are provided with the first layer 12, and the core layer 11 and the first layer provided on the first side of the core layer 11
  • the second layer 13 is arranged between the layers 12, and the second layer 13 is arranged between the core layer 11 and the first layer 12 arranged on the second side of the core layer 11.
  • the core layer 11 includes a first side surface and a second side surface arranged opposite to each other along its thickness direction, the first side surface and the second side surface of the core layer 11 are both provided with the first layer 12, and the first side surface of the core layer 11 is arranged in The second layer 13 is provided between the first layer 12 on the first side surface of the core layer 11, and the second layer 13 is also provided between the second side surface of the core layer 11 and the first layer 12 provided on the second side surface of the core layer 11. .
  • the second layer 13 is provided between the core layer 11 and the first layer 12 corresponding to the two surfaces of the core layer 11, Therefore, the corrosion resistance of the fin 1 is further improved, and the application of the fin 1 in a heat exchanger can further extend the service life of the heat exchanger.
  • the fin 1 includes a first side surface and a second side surface arranged opposite to each other in its thickness direction, and a side surface of the first layer 12 away from the second layer 13 in its thickness direction forms the first side surface or the second side surface of the fin 1 side.
  • the thickness direction of the fin 1 is in the up-down direction
  • the fin 1 includes an upper side and a lower side that are arranged oppositely in the up-down direction.
  • the lower side of the first layer 12 is in contact with the upper side of the second layer 13, the upper side of the first layer 12 is away from the second layer 13, and the upper side of the first layer 12 forms The upper side of the fin 1 and the lower side of the core layer 11 form the lower side of the fin 1.
  • the upper side of the upper first layer 12 forms the upper side of the fin 1
  • the lower side of the lower first layer 12 forms the lower side of the fin 1.
  • the first layer 12 can be brazing material, so that the fin 1 is brazed and connected to other components through the first layer 12.
  • first layer 12 may be provided on only one of the two oppositely arranged faces of the core layer 11, and the second layer 13 may be provided between the first layer 12 and the core layer 11, as shown in FIG. Show.
  • the thickness of the first layer 12 accounts for 3%-15% of the thickness of the fin 1.
  • the strength and brazability of the fin 1 can be improved, and the corrosion resistance of the fin 1 after welding can be further improved.
  • the thickness of the second layer 13 accounts for 10%-50% of the thickness of the fin 1.
  • the strength and brazability of the fin 1 can be further improved, and the corrosion resistance of the fin 1 after welding can be further improved.
  • the thickness of the first layer 12, the thickness of the second layer 13, and the thickness of the fin 1 all refer to the thickness of the fin 1 before welding with other components.
  • the fin 1 for a heat exchanger can be used in a heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger includes a first header (not shown), a second A header (not shown), a plurality of heat exchange tubes 2 and fins.
  • the first header and the second header are arranged at intervals.
  • the length direction of the first header is consistent with the length direction of the second header, that is, the first header and the second header are arranged in parallel.
  • each heat exchange tube 2 is connected to the first header, and the other end of the heat exchange tube 2 is connected to the second header to communicate the first header and the second header.
  • a plurality of heat exchange tubes 2 are connected between the first header and the second header to communicate the first header and the second header.
  • the fins are arranged between the adjacent heat exchange tubes 2, wherein the fins are fins 1 for heat exchangers according to the embodiment of the present application, and the core layer 11 of the fins 1 passes through the first layer 12 of the fins 1 and
  • the heat exchange tube 2 is welded and connected, and the crystal grains of the material of the second layer 13 of the fin 1 and the core layer 11 are at least partially not shared.
  • the heat exchange tube 2 is a flat tube.
  • the flat tube includes at least one channel extending along the length of the flat tube. The length of the channel is equal to the length of the flat tube.
  • the flat tube communicates with the first header through the channel. And the second header. As shown in Figure 3, the length direction of the flat tube is parallel to the front and rear direction, the thickness direction of the flat tube is parallel to the up and down direction, and the width direction of the flat tube is parallel to the left and right direction.
  • the flat tube includes a plurality of channels, each channel extends in the front-rear direction and penetrates the flat tube, and the plurality of channels are arranged at intervals in the left-right direction.
  • the fin 1 has a length, a width, and a thickness.
  • the length direction of the fin 1 is substantially parallel to the thickness direction of the flat tube, and the width direction of the fin 1 is substantially parallel to the width direction of the flat tube.
  • the length direction of the fin 1 is parallel to the vertical direction
  • the width direction of the fin 1 is parallel to the left and right direction
  • the thickness direction of the fin 1 is parallel to the front and rear direction.
  • the fin 1 is provided with a plurality of through holes or slots for fitting and installing a plurality of flat tubes. As shown in Fig. 3, the fin 1 is provided with a through hole or a slot hole penetrating the fin 1 in the front-rear direction.
  • the flat tube can penetrate the fin 1 through a through hole or a slot hole.
  • the heat exchanger includes a plurality of fins 1, and the plurality of fins 1 are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the flat tube. As shown in Figure 3, a plurality of fins 1 are arranged at intervals in the front and rear direction, the through holes or slots on the plurality of fins 1 are correspondingly arranged, and the flat tube passes through the correspondingly arranged through holes of the plurality of fins 1 in its length direction. Hole or slotted hole. It can be understood that the flat tube is in contact with the wall surface of the through hole or the wall surface of the slot hole.
  • the fin 1 has a three-layer structure and includes a first layer 12, a second layer 13 and a core layer 11 in this order.
  • the first layer 12 is made of AA4343 aluminum alloy
  • the second layer 13 is made of industrial pure aluminum AA1100
  • the core layer 11 is made of AA3003.
  • the thickness of the first layer 12 and the second layer 13 respectively account for 10% and 30% of the thickness of the fin 1, and the thickness of the finished fin 1 is 0.1 mm.
  • Semi-continuous casting is used to obtain the required AA4343, AA1100 and AA3003 slabs, the ingots are homogenized, and the required thickness ratios of AA4343 and AA1100 are obtained through rolling and milling.
  • the three plate-shaped raw materials are stacked in order , Hot-rolled, hot-rolled to a thickness of 3-5mm, and then cold-rolled to the desired thickness of the fin 1.
  • the fin 1 When the fin 1 is used in a heat exchanger, it is cut and flanged according to the size of the fin 1 required by the heat exchanger. The flanging needs to be able to make the first layer 12 of the fin 1 directly contact and exchange heat well. tube.
  • the assembled heat exchanger core is brazed in the furnace. During the brazing process, the actual maximum temperature of the heat exchanger core exceeds 590°C but is lower than the solidus temperature of the material of the core layer 11. The duration is not less than 1 min. After cooling, a heat exchanger core with good brazing of the fin 1 and the heat exchange tube is obtained.
  • the second layer 13 of AA1100 reduces the diffusion of Si in the first layer 12 to the grain boundary of the core layer 113003, so that the core layer 11 can maintain good intergranular corrosion resistance.
  • the fin 1 has a three-layer structure, with the first layer 12, the second layer 13 and the core layer 11 in order.
  • the first layer 12 is made of AA4343 aluminum alloy
  • the second layer 13 is made of industrial pure aluminum AA1050
  • the core layer 11 is made of AA3003 with 1.5 wt.% zinc.
  • the thickness of the first layer 12 and the second layer 13 respectively account for 10% and 50% of the thickness of the fin 1, and the thickness of the finished fin 1 is 0.1 mm.
  • Semi-continuous casting is used to obtain the required AA4343, AA1050 and AA3003 slabs containing 1.5wt.% Zn.
  • the ingots are homogenized, and the required thickness ratios of AA4343, AA1050 and containing Zn are obtained by rolling and milling.
  • 1.5wt.% Zn AA3003 the three plate-shaped raw materials are stacked in order, hot rolled, hot rolled to a thickness of 3-5 mm, and then cold rolled to the desired thickness of the fin 1.
  • the fin 1 When the fin 1 is used in a heat exchanger, it is cut and flanged according to the size of the fin 1 required by the heat exchanger. The flanging needs to be able to make the first layer 12 of the fin 1 directly contact and exchange heat well. tube.
  • the assembled heat exchanger core is brazed in the furnace. During the brazing process, the actual maximum temperature of the heat exchanger core exceeds 590°C but is lower than the solidus temperature of the material of the core layer 11. The duration is not less than 1 min. After cooling, a heat exchanger core with good brazing of the fin 1 and the heat exchange tube is obtained.
  • the second layer 13 of AA1050 reduces the diffusion of Si in the first layer 12 to the grain boundary of the core layer 11, so that the core layer 11 can maintain good intergranular corrosion resistance.
  • the corrosion potential of the core layer 11 added with 1.5wt.% of Zn is lower than that of the solder joints and the second layer 13.
  • the low potential core layer 11 can play a protective role in a corrosive environment and further improve the corrosion of the fin 1. life.
  • the fin 1 has a three-layer structure, with the first layer 12, the second layer 13 and the core layer 11 in order.
  • the first layer 12 is made of AA4343 aluminum alloy
  • the second layer 13 is made of industrial pure aluminum AA1100
  • the core layer 11 is made of AA3005.
  • the thickness of the first layer 12 and the second layer 13 respectively account for 10% and 30% of the thickness of the fin 1, and the thickness of the finished fin 1 is 0.09 mm.
  • Semi-continuous casting is used to obtain the required AA4343, AA1100 and AA3005 slabs, the ingots are homogenized, and the required thickness ratios of AA4343, AA1100 and AA3005 are obtained through rolling and milling.
  • the three plate-shaped raw materials are Laminate sequentially, hot-rolled, hot-rolled to a thickness of 3-5mm, and then cold-rolled to the desired thickness of the fin 1.
  • the fin 1 When the fin 1 is used in a heat exchanger, it is cut and flanged according to the size of the fin 1 required by the heat exchanger. The flanging needs to be able to make the first layer 12 of the fin 1 directly contact and exchange heat well. tube.
  • the assembled heat exchanger is brazed in the furnace. The maximum temperature of the heat exchanger core actually reached during the brazing process exceeds 590°C but is lower than the solidus temperature of the material of the core layer 11, and the duration is above 590°C Not less than 1 min, after cooling, a heat exchanger core with good brazing of the fin 1 and the heat exchange tube is obtained.
  • the second layer 13 of AA1100 reduces the diffusion of Si in the first layer 12 to the grain boundary of the core layer 11, so that the core layer 11 can maintain good intergranular corrosion resistance.
  • the second layer 13 can also control the diffusion of Mg in the core layer 11 to the first layer 12, so that the Mg-containing multilayer fin 1 can also be brazed well using a protective atmosphere brazing furnace.
  • the strength of the AA3005 material is higher than that of the conventional AA3003 aluminum alloy, the thickness of the fin 1 with the core layer 11 of AA3005 can be appropriately thinner than that of the core layer 11 of AA3003 in the first embodiment.
  • the fin 1 has a three-layer structure, with the first layer 12, the second layer 13 and the core layer 11 in order.
  • the first layer 12 is made of AA4343 aluminum alloy
  • the second layer 13 is made of anti-rust aluminum AA3003
  • the core layer 11 is made of AA7072.
  • the thickness of the first layer 12 and the second layer 13 respectively account for 10% and 40% of the thickness of the fin 1, and the thickness of the finished fin 1 is 0.1 mm.
  • Semi-continuous casting is used to obtain the required AA4343, AA3003 and AA7072 slabs, the ingots are homogenized, and the required thickness ratios of AA4343, AA3003 and AA7072 are obtained by rolling and milling.
  • Laminate sequentially, hot-rolled, hot-rolled to a thickness of 3-5mm, and then cold-rolled to the desired thickness of the fin 1.
  • the fin 1 When the fin 1 is used in a heat exchanger, it is cut and flanged according to the size of the fin 1 required by the heat exchanger. The flanging needs to be able to make the first layer 12 of the fin 1 directly contact and exchange heat well. tube.
  • the assembled heat exchanger is brazed in the furnace. The maximum temperature of the heat exchanger core actually reached during the brazing process exceeds 590°C but is lower than the solidus temperature of the material of the core layer 11, and the duration is above 590°C Not less than 1 min, after cooling, a heat exchanger core with good brazing of the fin 1 and the heat exchange tube is obtained.
  • the second layer 13 of AA3003 reduces the diffusion of Si in the first layer 12 to the grain boundary of the core layer 11, so that the core layer 11 can maintain good intergranular corrosion resistance.
  • the corrosion potential of the AA7072 core layer 11 containing about 1% Zn is lower than that of the solder joints and the second layer 13, and the low potential core layer 11 can play a protective role in a corrosive environment and further improve the corrosion life of the fin 1.
  • the fin 1 has a three-layer structure, with the first layer 12, the second layer 13 and the core layer 11 in order.
  • the first layer 12 is made of AA4045 aluminum alloy
  • the second layer 13 is made of industrial pure aluminum AA1100
  • the core layer 11 is made of AA6063.
  • the thickness of the first layer 12 and the second layer 13 account for 8% and 30% of the thickness of the fin 1, respectively, and the thickness of the finished fin 1 is 0.08 mm.
  • Semi-continuous casting is used to obtain the required AA4045, AA1100 and AA6063 slabs, the ingots are homogenized, and the required thickness ratios of AA4045, AA1100 and AA6063 are obtained by rolling and milling.
  • the three plate-shaped raw materials are Laminate sequentially, hot-rolled, hot-rolled to a thickness of 3-5mm, and then cold-rolled to the desired thickness of the fin 1.
  • the fin 1 When the fin 1 is used in a heat exchanger, it is cut and flanged according to the size of the fin 1 required by the heat exchanger. The flanging needs to be able to make the first layer 12 of the fin 1 directly contact and exchange heat well. tube.
  • the assembled heat exchanger is brazed in the furnace. The maximum temperature of the heat exchanger core actually reached during the brazing process exceeds 590°C but is lower than the solidus temperature of the material of the core layer 11, and the duration is above 590°C Not less than 1 min, after cooling, a heat exchanger core with good brazing of the fin 1 and the heat exchange tube is obtained.
  • the second layer 13 of AA1100 reduces the diffusion of Si in the first layer 12 to the grain boundary of the core layer 11, so that the core layer 11 can maintain good intergranular corrosion resistance.
  • the second layer 13 can also control the diffusion of Mg in the core layer 11 to the first layer 12, so that the Mg-containing multilayer fin 1 can also be brazed well using a protective atmosphere brazing furnace.
  • the AA6063 material has a certain aging strengthening effect, the strength of the fin 1 after welding is higher than that of the conventional AA3003 alloy, and the thickness of the fin 1 with the core layer 11 of AA6063 can be greater than that of the core layer 11 of the embodiment 1 with AA3003. Appropriate thinning.

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Abstract

一种用于换热器的翅片（1）和换热器，用于换热器的翅片材料包括芯层(11)、第一层（12）和第二层(13)，芯层(11)的材料为工业纯铝或铝合金，第二层(13)的材料为铝合金，第二层(13)配置在其厚度方向上相对布置的两侧中的至少一侧，第一层(12)材料的元素包括与铝元素不形成二元金属间化合物的合金元素，芯层（11）的厚度方向、第一层(12)厚度方向和第二层（13）的厚度方向大体平行，第一层（12）配置在所述第二层（13）沿其厚度方向上远离芯层（11）的一侧，第二层（13）的材料与芯层（11）的材料的合金元素种类不同和/或合金元素含量不同，第二层（13）与芯层（11）的材料至少部分晶界不共用。换热器的翅片(1)在焊后的耐腐蚀性能提高，将该翅片（1）应用于换热器中，能够延长换热器的寿命。

Description

用于换热器的翅片和换热器
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求申请号为201910944330.9、申请日为2019年9月30日的中国专利申请的优先权和权益，上述中国专利申请的全部内容在此通过引用并入本申请。
技术领域
本申请的实施例涉及换热技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种用于换热器的翅片和换热器。
背景技术
换热器在与空气进行热交换的应用中，会将翅片设置于相邻换热管之间，翅片与相邻换热管焊接连接，以加强与空气的换热。翅片在空气中的耐腐蚀性不仅影响换热器的换热性能，而且相关于换热器的寿命，是翅片性能的重要指标。
发明内容
本申请是基于发明人对以下事实和问题的发现和认识做出的：
相关技术中，换热器的翅片包括铝合金芯层和钎焊层，钎焊层直接覆盖在铝合金芯层上以便将芯层和换热管焊接。钎焊层的材料也为铝合金。然而，申请人发现，钎焊层直接覆盖在芯层上时，由于翅片的厚度有限，在焊接过程中，钎焊层中的合金元素向芯层材料的晶界发生扩散，其中部分合金元素不会和铝元素形成二元金属间化合物，这部分合金元素在芯层的晶界上形成电位较低的晶相，焊后翅片材料的耐晶间腐蚀性能相比于焊前大幅度降低，严重影响换热器的寿命。
为此，本申请的一方面的实施例提出了一种用于换热器的翅片，该翅片包括不同合金元素种类和/或合金元素含量的材料层，焊后的耐腐蚀性能提高，将该翅片应用于换热器中，能够延长换热器的寿命。
本申请的另一方面的实施例还提出了一种换热器。
根据本申请的第一方面的实施例的用于换热器的翅片包括芯层、第一层和第二层，所述芯层的材料为工业纯铝或铝合金，且所述芯层包括在其厚度方向上相对布置的第一侧面和第二侧面，所述第二层的材料为铝合金，且所述芯层的第一侧面和第二侧面中的至少一侧面外设置所述第二层，所述第一层的材料的元素包括与铝元素不形成二元金属间化合物 的合金元素，所述芯层的厚度方向、所述第一层的厚度方向和所述第二层的厚度方向大体平行，所述第二层包括在其厚度方向上相对布置的两个侧面，所述第二层的所述两个侧面中的一个侧面远离所述芯层，所述第二层的所述一个侧面外设置所述第一层，所述第二层的材料与所述芯层的材料的合金元素种类不同和/或至少一种合金元素含量不同，且所述第二层与所述芯层的材料的至少部分晶界不共用。
根据本申请的实施例的用于换热器的翅片，通过在芯层和第一层之间增加第二层，钎焊过程中，第一层中不与铝元素形成二元金属间化合物的合金元素向第二层扩散，该些合金元素在第二层的晶界位置扩散较多，但由于第二层与芯层的材料不同(元素种类和/或元素含量不同)，至少有部分第二层与芯层的晶粒没有融合，形成了更多的晶界，且这些晶界与第二层中的晶界不直接连通，从而加长或阻断了沿第二层晶界扩散过来的该些合金元素，进而减少了该些合金元素在芯层晶界上的分布，提高了翅片的耐腐蚀性能，将该翅片应用于换热器中，能够延长换热器的使用寿命。
在一些实施例，所述第一层的材料包括硅元素，所述第一层的材料为Al-Si基合金。
在一些实施例，所述芯层的材料的固液相线温度高于或等于第二层的固液相线温度。
在一些实施例，所述第二层包括多层材料，所述第二层的多层中相邻层的材料的合金元素种类不同和/或至少一种合金元素含量不同。
在一些实施例，所述第一层的材料与所述芯层的材料的合金元素种类不同和/或至少一种合金元素含量不同，所述第一层的材料和所述第二层的材料的合金元素种类不同和/或至少一种合金元素含量不同，所述第一层和所述第二层的材料的至少部分晶界不共用。
在一些实施例，所述翅片包括在其厚度方向上相对布置的第一侧面和第二侧面，所述第一层在其厚度方向上远离所述第二层的一个侧面形成所述翅片的第一侧面或第二侧面。
在一些实施例，所述第一层的厚度占所述翅片厚度的3％-15％。
在一些实施例，所述第二层的厚度占所述翅片厚度的10％-50％。
根据本申请的第二方面的实施例的换热器包括：第一集流管和第二集流管，所述第一集流管和所述第二集流管间隔布置；多个换热管，所述换热管的一端与第一集流管相连，所述换热管的另一端与第二集流管相连，以连通所述第一集流管和第二集流管；翅片，所述翅片设在相邻所述换热管之间，所述翅片为上述任一实施例所述的用于换热器的翅片，所述翅片的芯层通过所述翅片的第一层与所述换热管焊接连接，所述翅片的第二层和芯层的材料的晶粒的至少部分不共用。
在一些实施例中，所述换热管为扁管，所述翅片具有长度、宽度和厚度，所述翅片的长度方向与所述扁管的厚度方向大体平行，所述翅片的宽度方向与所述扁管的宽度方向大体平行，所述翅片设有用于配合安装多个所述扁管的多个通孔或槽孔。
附图说明
图1是根据本申请实施例的一个实施例的用于换热器的翅片的结构示意图。
图2是根据本申请实施例的另一个实施例的用于换热器的翅片的结构示意图。
图3是根据本申请实施例的换热器的结构示意图。
附图标记：
翅片1，芯层11，第一层12，第二层13，
换热管2。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本申请的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本申请，而不能理解为对本申请的限制。在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元夹具必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
如图1-2所示，根据本申请的实施例的用于换热器的翅片1包括芯层11、第一层12和第二层13。芯层11的材料为工业纯铝或铝合金，其中芯层11的铝合金可以为防锈铝、铝锌合金及其它铝合金。具体地，芯层11的材料的固液相线温度不低于615℃。
芯层11包括在其厚度方向上相对布置的第一侧面和第二侧面。如图1所示，芯层11的厚度方向在上下方向上，芯层11包括在上下方向上相对布置的上侧面和下侧面。
芯层11的第一侧和第二侧中的至少一侧面外设置第二层13。换言之，可以仅芯层11的第一侧面外配置有第二层13，也可以仅芯层11的第二侧面外配置有第二层13，还可以芯层11的第一侧面外和第二侧面外均配置有第二层13。
第二层13的材料为铝合金，其中第二层13的铝合金可以为防锈铝及其它铝合金。具体地，第二层13的材料的固液相线温度不低于615℃。
第一层12的材料的元素中包括与铝元素不形成二元金属间化合物的合金元素，且该合金元素与铝元素经加热只会形成固溶体。可选地，第一层12的材料包括硅元素。进一步地，第二层13的材料为Al-Si基合金。
芯层11的厚度方向、第一层12的厚度方向和第二层13的厚度方向大体平行。第二层 13包括在其厚度方向上相对布置的两个侧面，第二层13的两个侧面中的一个侧面远离芯层11，第二层13的该一个侧面外设置第一层12。换言之，芯层11、第二层13和第一层12顺次布置，且芯层11和第二层13相接触，第二层13和第一层12相接触。
如图1所示，芯层11的厚度方向、第一层12的厚度方向和第二层13的厚度方向均在上下方向上，第二层13包括在上下方向上相对的上侧面和下侧面，第二层13配置在芯层11的上侧面，即第二层13的下侧面与芯层11的上侧面相接，第二层13的上侧面配置有第一层12。
钎焊过程中，第一层12的材料中包括Si在内的多种合金元素容易向芯层11扩散。具体地，第一层12的材料为钎料，根据本申请实施例的用于换热器的翅片1通过第一层12与换热器其他部件钎焊连接。
其中第二层13的材料与芯层11的材料的合金元素种类不同和/或至少一种合金元素含量不同，且第二层13与芯层11的材料的至少部分晶界不共用。
换言之，第二层13的材料和芯层11的材料的成分不一致，即第二层13的材料和芯层11的材料的合金元素种类不同，或者第二层13的材料和芯层11的材料的合金元素含量不同，或者第二层13的材料和芯层11的材料的合金元素种类和合金元素含量均不同。并且第二层13与芯层11的材料之间有部分晶界没有共用。
根据本申请的用于换热器的翅片1，通过在芯层11和第一层12之间增加第二层13，钎焊过程中，第一层12中不与铝元素形成二元金属间化合物的合金元素(例如Si元素)向第二层13扩散，该些合金元素在第二层13的晶界位置扩散较多，但由于第二层13与芯层11的材料的成分不同(元素种类和/或元素含量不同)，至少有部分第二层13与芯层11的晶粒没有融合，形成了更多的晶界，且这些晶界与第二层13中的晶界不直接连通，从而加长或阻断了沿第二层13晶界扩散过来的该些合金元素，进而减少了该些合金元素在芯层11晶界上的分布，提高了翅片1的耐腐蚀性能，将该翅片1应用于换热器中，能够延长换热器的使用寿命。
具体地，根据本申请实施例的用于换热器的翅片1是多层结构，多层结构的翅片1将芯层11、第二层13和第一层12经过热轧加工复合在一起(焊合在一起)，芯层11、第二层13和第一层12的材料的晶粒初始状态完全没有共用的，热轧等轧制过程中，相邻层界面附近的晶粒会有一部分融合成一个，即一部分晶粒变为两边共用，但并不是所有晶粒完全共同。两侧材料的成分差异越大，晶界两侧晶粒融合的趋势越低，融合在一起的晶粒比例越低。换言之，第二层13与芯层11的材料的成分差异越大，芯层11和第二层13的材料的晶粒不能完全长到一起，从而第二层13阻隔第一层12中的Si等合金元素扩散的效果越好。
在轧制和钎焊过程中，伴随着第一层12中Si向第二层13扩散(晶界和晶粒内均有扩散，但晶界扩散速度远高于晶粒内部扩散速度)，当Si等合金元素扩散到达第二层13和芯层11的界面时，如果界面两侧的晶粒是共用的(晶界也共用)，则Si等合金元素会比较容易继续沿着晶界扩散到芯层11。但当界面两侧的晶粒不共用时(晶界也不共用)，Si等合金元素向芯层11的扩散路径会变长，扩散到芯层11晶界上的Si等合金元素越少。
进一步地，通过在芯层11和第一层12之间设置第二层13，钎焊过程中，芯层11中的元素向第一层12的扩散也得到了控制。由此，可以在芯层11中添加更多有益的合金元素，提高芯层11强度及耐腐蚀性能的同时不影响钎焊性能，以提高翅片1强度，而高强度的翅片1材料有利于控制翅片1的厚度及成本。
在一些实施例，芯层11的材料的固液相线温度高于或等于第二层13的固液相线温度。
在一些实施例，第二层13包括多层材料，第二层13的多层中相邻层的材料的合金元素种类不同和/或至少一种合金元素含量不同。换言之，芯层11和第一层12之间设置多层材料，多层材料中的邻近芯层11的一层材料与芯层11相接触，多层第二层13中的邻近第一层12的一层材料与第三层相接触。并且第二层13的相邻层的材料的成分不一样，即第二层13的相邻层的材料的合金元素种类不同，或者第二层13的相邻层的材料的合金元素含量不同，或者第二层13的相邻层的材料的合金元素种类和合金元素含量均不同。
由此，由于第二层13的相邻层的材料不同，第二层13的相邻层中一层材料的至少有部分与另一层材料的晶粒没有融合，晶界不直接连通，从而加长了第一层12中的Si等合金元素在第二层13中多层材料的扩散时间。
在一些实施例，第一层12的材料与芯层11的材料的合金元素种类不同和/或至少一种合金元素含量不同，第一层12的材料和第二层13的材料的合金元素种类不同和/或至少一种合金元素含量不同，第一层12和第二层13的材料的至少部分晶界不共用。换言之，第一层12的材料和第二层13的材料均与芯层11的材料的成分不一样，且第一层12的材料和第二层13的材料的成分不一样。第二层13和芯层11的材料之间以及第二层13与第二层2的材料之间均有部分晶界不共用。
钎焊过程中，第一层12中Si元素向第二层13扩散，由于第一层12和第二层13的材料的成分不同(元素种类和/或元素含量不同)，至少有部分第一层12与第二层13的材料晶粒没有融合，可以加长或阻断了第一层12扩散过来的Si，进而进一步减少了芯层11晶界上的Si分布，提高了翅片1的耐腐蚀性能，将该翅片1应用于换热器中，能够延长换热器的使用寿命。
在一些实施例，如图2所示，芯层11沿其厚度方向相对布置的第一侧和第二侧均设置第一层12，芯层11和设在芯层11第一侧面的第一层12之间设置第二层13，芯层11和设 在芯层11的第二侧面的第一层12之间设置第二层13。换言之，芯层11包括沿其厚度方向相对布置的第一侧面和第二侧面，芯层11的第一侧面和第二侧面均设置第一层12，且芯层11的第一侧面与设在芯层11的第一侧面的第一层12之间设置第二层13，芯层11的第二侧面与设在芯层11的第二侧面的第一层12之间也设置第二层13。
对于芯层11的相对布置的两个面均设置作为钎料的第一层12时，芯层11和与芯层11的两个面相对应的第一层12之间均设置第二层13，从而进一步提高翅片1的耐腐蚀性能，将该翅片1应用于换热器中，能够进一步延长换热器的使用寿命。
进一步地，翅片1包括在其厚度方向上相对布置的第一侧面和第二侧面，第一层12在其厚度方向远离第二层13的一个侧面形成翅片1的第一侧面或第二侧面。如图1和图2所示，翅片1的厚度方向在上下方向上，翅片1包括在上下方向上相对布置的上侧面和下侧面。在图1所示的实施例中，第一层12的下侧面与第二层13的上侧面相接，第一层12的上侧面远离第二层13，且第一层12的上侧面形成翅片1的上侧面，芯层11的下侧面形成翅片1的下侧面。在图2所示的实施例中，上面一个第一层12的上侧面形成翅片1的上侧面，下面一个第一层12的下侧面形成翅片1的下侧面。
其中第一层12可为钎料，以便翅片1通过第一层12与其他部件钎焊连接。
可以理解的是，可以仅在芯层11的相对布置的两个面中的一个面上设置第一层12，该第一层12与芯层11之间设置第二层13，如图1所示。
在一些实施例，第一层12的厚度占翅片1厚度的3％-15％。通过将第一层12的厚度设计为占翅片1总厚度的3％-15％，可以提高翅片1的强度和可钎焊性，进一步提高焊后翅片1的耐腐蚀性能。
在一些实施例，第二层13的厚度占翅片1厚度的10％-50％。通过将第二层13的厚度设计为占翅片1总厚度的10％-50％，可以进一步提高翅片1的强度和可钎焊性，进一步提高焊后翅片1的耐腐蚀性能。
可以理解的是，第一层12的厚度、第二层13的厚度以及翅片1厚度均指翅片1与其他部件焊接之前时的厚度。
如图3所示，根据本申请实施例的用于换热器的翅片1可以用于换热器中，具体地，该换热器包括第一集流管(未示出)、第二集流管(未示出)、多个换热管2和翅片。第一集流管和第二集流管间隔布置。具体地，第一集流管的长度方向与第二集流管的长度方向一致，即第一集流管和第二集流管平行布置。
每个换热管2的一端与第一集流管相连，换热管2的另一端与第二集流管相连，以连通第一集流管和第二集流管。换言之，多个换热管2连接在第一集流管和第二集流管之间以连通第一集流管和第二集流管。翅片设在相邻换热管2之间，其中翅片为根据本申请实 施例的用于换热器的翅片1，翅片1的芯层11通过翅片1的第一层12与换热管2焊接连接，翅片1的第二层13和芯层11的材料的晶粒至少部分不共用。
在一些具体地实施例中，换热管2为扁管，扁管包括至少一个沿扁管的长度方向延伸的通道，通道的长度等于扁管的长度，扁管通过通道连通第一集流管和第二集流管。如图3所示，扁管的长度方向平行于前后方向，扁管的厚度方向平行于上下方向，扁管的宽度方向平行于左右方向。扁管包括多个通道，每个通道沿前后方向延伸且贯穿扁管，多个通道沿左右方向间隔布置。
翅片1具有长度、宽度和厚度，翅片1的长度方向与扁管的厚度方向大体平行，翅片的宽度方向与扁管的宽度方向大体平行。如图3所示，翅片1的长度方向平行于上下方向，翅片1的宽度方向平行于左右方向，翅片1的厚度方向平行于前后方向。
翅片1设有用于配合安装多个扁管的多个通孔或槽孔。如图3所示，翅片1设有沿前后方向贯穿翅片1的通孔或槽孔。扁管可通过通孔或槽孔贯穿翅片1。
换热器中包括多个翅片1，多个翅片1沿扁管的长度方向间隔布置。如图3所示，多个翅片1沿前后方向间隔布置，多个翅片1上的通孔或槽孔对应设置，扁管沿其长度方向依次穿过多个翅片1对应设置的通孔或槽孔。可以理解的是，扁管与通孔的壁面或槽孔的壁面相接触。
下面描述根据本申请一个具体实施例的用于换热器的翅片。
翅片1为三层结构且依次是第一层12、第二层13和芯层11。第一层12采用AA4343铝合金，第二层13采用工业纯铝AA1100，芯层11采用AA3003。第一层12和第二层13的厚度分别占翅片1厚度的10％和30％，翅片1成品的厚度为0.1mm。
分别采用半连续铸造获得所需的AA4343、AA1100和AA3003板锭，对铸锭进行均匀化处理，通过轧制及铣面获得所需厚度比例的AA4343和AA1100，将三种板状原材料按照顺序层叠，进行热轧，热轧至3-5mm厚度，然后冷轧至所需的翅片1厚度。
在将翅片1应用于换热器中时，根据换热器所需的翅片1尺寸进行裁切、翻边，翻边需能使得翅片1的第一层12能够直接良好接触换热管。对组装完成的换热器芯体进行炉中钎焊，钎焊过程中换热器芯体实际达到的最高温度超过590℃但低于芯层11的材料的固相线温度，590℃以上的持续时间不低于1min，冷却后获得翅片1和换热管钎焊良好的换热器芯体。
热加工和钎焊加热过程中，AA1100第二层13减少了第一层12中的Si向芯层113003的晶界扩散，使得芯层11能够保持良好的耐晶间腐蚀性能。
下面描述根据本申请另一个具体实施例的用于换热器的翅片。
翅片1为三层结构，依次是第一层12、第二层13和芯层11。第一层12采用AA4343 铝合金，第二层13采用工业纯铝AA1050，芯层11采用添加1.5wt.％的锌的AA3003。第一层12和第二层13的厚度分别占翅片1厚度的10％和50％，翅片1成品的厚度为0.1mm。
分别采用半连续铸造获得所需的AA4343、AA1050和含1.5wt.％的Zn的AA3003板锭，对铸锭进行均匀化处理，通过轧制及铣面获得所需厚度比例的AA4343、AA1050和含1.5wt.％的Zn的AA3003，将三种板状原材料按照顺序层叠，进行热轧，热轧至3-5mm厚度，然后冷轧至所需的翅片1厚度。
在将翅片1应用于换热器中时，根据换热器所需的翅片1尺寸进行裁切、翻边，翻边需能使得翅片1的第一层12能够直接良好接触换热管。对组装完成的换热器芯体进行炉中钎焊，钎焊过程中换热器芯体实际达到的最高温度超过590℃但低于芯层11的材料的固相线温度，590℃以上的持续时间不低于1min，冷却后获得翅片1和换热管钎焊良好的换热器芯体。
热加工和钎焊加热过程中，AA1050第二层13减少了第一层12中的Si向芯层11的晶界扩散，使得芯层11能够保持良好的耐晶间腐蚀性能。同时添加了1.5wt.％的Zn的芯层11的腐蚀电位比焊点和第二层13低，在腐蚀环境中低电位的芯层11可以起到防护的作用，进一步提高翅片1的腐蚀寿命。
下面描述根据本申请再一个具体实施例的用于换热器的翅片。
翅片1为三层结构，依次是第一层12、第二层13和芯层11。第一层12采用AA4343铝合金，第二层13采用工业纯铝AA1100，芯层11采用AA3005。第一层12和第二层13的厚度分别占翅片1厚度的10％和30％，翅片1成品的厚度为0.09mm。
分别采用半连续铸造获得所需的AA4343、AA1100和AA3005板锭，对铸锭进行均匀化处理，通过轧制及铣面获得所需厚度比例的AA4343、AA1100和AA3005，将三种板状原材料按照顺序层叠，进行热轧，热轧至3-5mm厚度，然后冷轧至所需的翅片1厚度。
在将翅片1应用于换热器中时，根据换热器所需的翅片1尺寸进行裁切、翻边，翻边需能使得翅片1的第一层12能够直接良好接触换热管。对组装完成的换热器进行炉中钎焊，钎焊过程中换热器芯体实际达到的最高温度超过590℃但低于芯层11的材料的固相线温度，590℃以上的持续时间不低于1min，冷却后获得翅片1和换热管钎焊良好的换热器芯体。
热加工和钎焊加热过程中，AA1100第二层13减少了第一层12中的Si向芯层11的晶界扩散，使得芯层11能够保持良好的耐晶间腐蚀性能。同时第二层13还可以控制芯层11中的Mg向第一层12的扩散，使得含Mg的多层翅片1也可以采用保护气氛钎焊炉进行良好钎焊。此外，因AA3005材料的强度高于常规的AA3003铝合金，芯层11为AA3005的翅片1的厚度可以比实施例1中的芯层11为AA3003的适当减薄。
下面描述根据本申请又一个具体实施例的用于换热器的翅片。
翅片1为三层结构，依次是第一层12、第二层13和芯层11。第一层12采用AA4343铝合金，第二层13采用防锈铝AA3003，芯层11采用AA7072。第一层12和第二层13的厚度分别占翅片1厚度的10％和40％，翅片1成品的厚度为0.1mm。
分别采用半连续铸造获得所需的AA4343、AA3003和AA7072板锭，对铸锭进行均匀化处理，通过轧制及铣面获得所需厚度比例的AA4343、AA3003和AA7072，将三种板状原材料按照顺序层叠，进行热轧，热轧至3-5mm厚度，然后冷轧至所需的翅片1厚度。
在将翅片1应用于换热器中时，根据换热器所需的翅片1尺寸进行裁切、翻边，翻边需能使得翅片1的第一层12能够直接良好接触换热管。对组装完成的换热器进行炉中钎焊，钎焊过程中换热器芯体实际达到的最高温度超过590℃但低于芯层11的材料的固相线温度，590℃以上的持续时间不低于1min，冷却后获得翅片1和换热管钎焊良好的换热器芯体。
热加工和钎焊加热过程中，AA3003第二层13减少了第一层12中的Si向芯层11的晶界扩散，使得芯层11能够保持良好的耐晶间腐蚀性能。同时含有约1％Zn的AA7072芯层11的腐蚀电位比焊点和第二层13低，在腐蚀环境中低电位的芯层11可以起到防护的作用，进一步提高翅片1的腐蚀寿命。
下面描述根据本申请再又一个具体实施例的用于换热器的翅片。
翅片1为三层结构，依次是第一层12、第二层13和芯层11。第一层12采用AA4045铝合金，第二层13采用工业纯铝AA1100，芯层11采用AA6063。第一层12和第二层13的厚度分别占翅片1厚度的8％和30％，翅片1成品的厚度为0.08mm。
分别采用半连续铸造获得所需的AA4045、AA1100和AA6063板锭，对铸锭进行均匀化处理，通过轧制及铣面获得所需厚度比例的AA4045、AA1100和AA6063，将三种板状原材料按照顺序层叠，进行热轧，热轧至3-5mm厚度，然后冷轧至所需的翅片1厚度。
在将翅片1应用于换热器中时，根据换热器所需的翅片1尺寸进行裁切、翻边，翻边需能使得翅片1的第一层12能够直接良好接触换热管。对组装完成的换热器进行炉中钎焊，钎焊过程中换热器芯体实际达到的最高温度超过590℃但低于芯层11的材料的固相线温度，590℃以上的持续时间不低于1min，冷却后获得翅片1和换热管钎焊良好的换热器芯体。
热加工和钎焊加热过程中，AA1100第二层13减少了第一层12中的Si向芯层11的晶界扩散，使得芯层11能够保持良好的耐晶间腐蚀性能。同时第二层13还可以控制芯层11中的Mg向第一层12的扩散，使得含Mg的多层翅片1也可以采用保护气氛钎焊炉进行良好钎焊。此外，因AA6063材料有一定的时效强化效果，焊后的翅片1强度高于常规的AA3003 合金，芯层11为AA6063的翅片1的厚度可以比实施例1中的芯层11为AA3003的适当减薄。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本申请的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本申请的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在本申请的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种用于换热器的翅片，其特征在于，所述翅片的材料包括芯层、第一层和第二层，所述芯层的材料为工业纯铝或铝合金，且所述芯层包括在其厚度方向上相对布置的第一侧面和第二侧面，所述第二层的材料为铝合金，且所述芯层的第一侧面和第二侧面中的至少一个侧面外设置所述第二层，所述第一层的材料的元素包括与铝元素不形成二元金属间化合物的合金元素，所述芯层的厚度方向、所述第一层的厚度方向和所述第二层的厚度方向大体平行，所述第二层包括在其厚度方向上相对布置的两个侧面，所述第二层的所述两个侧面中的一个侧面远离所述芯层，所述第二层的所述一个侧面外设置所述第一层，所述第二层的材料与所述芯层的材料的合金元素种类不同和/或至少一种合金元素含量不同，且所述第二层与所述芯层的材料的至少部分晶界不共用。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的用于换热器的翅片，其特征在于，所述第一层的材料包括硅元素，所述第一层的材料为Al-Si基合金。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的用于换热器的翅片，其特征在于，所述芯层的材料的固液相线温度高于或等于第二层的固液相线温度。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的用于换热器的翅片，其特征在于，所述第二层包括多层材料，所述第二层的多层中相邻层的材料的合金元素种类不同和/或至少一种合金元素含量不同。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2所述的用于换热器的翅片，其特征在于，所述第一层的材料与所述芯层的材料的合金元素种类不同和/或至少一种合金元素含量不同，所述第一层的材料和所述第二层的材料的合金元素种类不同和/或至少一种合金元素含量不同，所述第一层和所述第二层的材料的至少部分晶界不共用。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的用于换热器的翅片，其特征在于，所述翅片包括在其厚度方向上相对布置的第一侧面和第二侧面，所述第一层在其厚度方向上的远离所述第二层的一个侧面形成所述翅片的第一侧面或第二侧面。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的用于换热器的翅片，其特征在于，所述第一层的厚度占所述翅片厚度的3％-15％。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的用于换热器的翅片，其特征在于，所述第二层的厚度占所述翅片厚度的10％-50％。
  9. 一种换热器，其特征在于，包括：
    第一集流管和第二集流管，所述第一集流管和所述第二集流管间隔布置；
    多个换热管，所述换热管的一端与第一集流管相连，所述换热管的另一端与第二集流 管相连，以连通所述第一集流管和第二集流管；
    翅片，所述翅片设在相邻所述换热管之间，所述翅片为根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的用于换热器的翅片，所述翅片的芯层通过所述翅片的第一层与所述换热管焊接连接，所述翅片的第二层和芯层的材料的晶粒的至少部分不共用。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的换热器，其特征在于，所述换热管为扁管，扁管包括至少一个沿扁管的长度方向延伸的通道，所述通道的长度等于所述扁管的长度，所述翅片具有长度、宽度和厚度，所述翅片的长度方向与所述扁管的厚度方向大体平行，所述翅片的宽度方向与所述扁管的宽度方向大体平行，所述翅片设有用于配合安装多个所述扁管的多个通孔或槽孔。
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