WO2021049125A1 - 電気炉による溶鉄の製造方法 - Google Patents
電気炉による溶鉄の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2021049125A1 WO2021049125A1 PCT/JP2020/024337 JP2020024337W WO2021049125A1 WO 2021049125 A1 WO2021049125 A1 WO 2021049125A1 JP 2020024337 W JP2020024337 W JP 2020024337W WO 2021049125 A1 WO2021049125 A1 WO 2021049125A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- iron
- scrap
- chamber
- preheating chamber
- melting
- Prior art date
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 534
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 267
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 34
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- CSJDCSCTVDEHRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;molecular oxygen Chemical compound C.O=O CSJDCSCTVDEHRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 7
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000220317 Rosa Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010730 cutting oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002436 steel type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
- C21C5/5294—General arrangement or layout of the electric melt shop
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B11/00—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces
- C21B11/10—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces in electric furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
- C21C5/5205—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in a plasma heated furnace
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
- C21C5/5211—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an alternating current [AC] electric arc furnace
- C21C5/5217—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an alternating current [AC] electric arc furnace equipped with burners or devices for injecting gas, i.e. oxygen, or pulverulent materials into the furnace
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/56—Manufacture of steel by other methods
- C21C5/562—Manufacture of steel by other methods starting from scrap
- C21C5/565—Preheating of scrap
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
- F27B3/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
- F27B3/18—Arrangements of devices for charging
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D13/00—Apparatus for preheating charges; Arrangements for preheating charges
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D13/00—Apparatus for preheating charges; Arrangements for preheating charges
- F27D13/002—Preheating scrap
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing molten iron by melting iron-based scrap in an electric furnace.
- molten iron is produced by melting iron scrap (cold iron source) with arc heat, but it consumes a large amount of electric power to generate arc heat.
- iron scrap cold iron source
- the following methods are known as methods for melting iron scrap while preheating iron scrap with high-temperature exhaust gas generated during melting.
- the method is to preheat iron scrap by connecting a preheating chamber for iron scrap above the melting chamber and letting the high-temperature exhaust gas generated in the melting chamber pass through the preheating chamber filled with iron scrap. , This preheated iron scrap is supplied to the melting chamber.
- Patent Document 1 describes the filling state of iron-based scrap in the preheating chamber with an apparent bulk density value of 0.7 t / by adjusting the type and blending amount of iron-based scrap. A method for making it m 3 or more is disclosed. According to this iron-based scrap melting method, energy utilization efficiency is high and it is effective in reducing manufacturing costs. Further, in the method of Patent Document 1, a charcoal material is blown into a melting chamber and used as an auxiliary heat source.
- Patent Document 1 improves energy efficiency. Some effect can be obtained in terms of.
- energy utilization efficiency it is not sufficient in terms of energy utilization efficiency to regulate the filling density (apparent bulk density) of iron-based scrap in the preheating chamber as in Patent Document 1, and further efficiency is achieved. It turned out that conversion was necessary. That is, in order to obtain high energy utilization efficiency, not only the filling density (apparent bulk density) of iron-based scrap in the preheating chamber, but also the filling height of iron-based scrap in the preheating chamber and the carbonaceous material (auxiliary heat source) in the melting chamber. It was found that the oxygen supply conditions are also important factors. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the operating conditions including these.
- an object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art and to produce molten iron with high energy utilization efficiency in a method for producing molten iron by an electric furnace provided with a preheating chamber for preheating iron-based scrap with furnace exhaust gas. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing molten iron, which can reduce the production cost of molten iron.
- the inventors in addition to the iron-based scrap filling density (apparent bulk density) in the preheating chamber, the iron-based scrap filling ratio (filling height) in the preheating chamber. It was found that high energy utilization efficiency can be obtained by optimizing the supply ratio of carbonaceous material (auxiliary heat source) and oxygen to the melting chamber.
- the present invention has been made based on such findings, and the gist of the present invention is as follows.
- a melting chamber (1) for melting iron-based scrap by arc heating and a shaft-type preheating chamber (2) connected to the upper part of the melting chamber (1) for preheating iron-based scrap are provided.
- iron-based scrap is sequentially charged into the preheating chamber (2) to make the preheating chamber (2) filled with iron-based scrap, and the exhaust gas generated in the melting chamber (1) is discharged.
- the iron-based scrap is preheated by passing it through a preheating chamber (2) filled with iron-based scrap, and the preheated iron-based scrap is sequentially lowered in the preheating chamber (2) and supplied into the melting chamber (1). Then, in the melting chamber (1), iron-based scrap is melted to obtain molten iron.
- the apparent bulk density (P) of the iron-based scrap filled in the preheating chamber (2) is 0.50 t / m 3 or more and less than 1.00 t / m 3 , and the iron in the preheating chamber (2).
- Scrap filling ratio H SC / H SF (however, H SC : filling height of iron scrap in the preheating chamber [m], H SF : height in the preheating chamber [m]) is 0.5 to 0.8.
- H SC filling height of iron scrap in the preheating chamber [m]
- H SF height in the preheating chamber [m]
- a method for producing molten iron by an electric furnace which comprises blowing oxygen and carbon material so that the amount of oxygen blown [Nm 3]) is 0.70 or more.
- the method for producing molten iron by an electric furnace wherein the oxygen concentration in the preheating chamber (2) is less than 15 vol% in the production method of the above [1].
- the amount of carbonaceous material blown into the melting chamber (1) is 0.3 to 1.4 (kg / min) / ton of hot water, and the amount of oxygen blown is 20.
- a method for producing molten iron by an electric furnace which comprises 40 (Nm 3 / hr) / ton of hot water.
- one or more combustion assisting burners are installed in the melting chamber (1), and the combustion assisting burners heat the iron scrap and molten iron in the melting chamber.
- a preheating chamber (2) is continuously provided in the upper part of the melting chamber (1) at a position away from the arc heating portion.
- a scrap inlet (20) is provided at the top of the preheating chamber (2),
- the iron-based scrap charged into the preheating chamber (2) from the scrap charging inlet (20) is filled in the space portion (1a) of the preheating chamber (2) and the melting chamber (1) below the preheating chamber (2), and this space is filled.
- a method for producing molten iron by an electric furnace wherein the iron-based scrap of the portion (1a) is sequentially extruded toward the arc heating portion.
- the method for producing molten iron by an electric furnace wherein the iron-based scrap in the space portion (1a) is sequentially extruded to the arc heating portion side by the extruder (3) in the production method of the above [5].
- molten iron in a method for producing molten iron by an electric furnace provided with a preheating chamber for preheating iron-based scrap with furnace exhaust gas, molten iron can be produced with high energy utilization efficiency, and the production cost of molten iron is also reduced. be able to.
- the method for producing molten iron based on the present invention is a melting chamber 1 that melts iron-based scrap by arc heating, and a shaft-type preheating chamber 2 that is connected to the upper part of the melting chamber 1 to preheat the iron-based scrap.
- the preheating chamber 2 is filled with iron-based scrap, and the exhaust gas generated in the melting chamber 1 is discharged from the iron-based scrap.
- the iron-based scrap is preheated by passing through the preheating chamber 2 filled with the iron, and the preheated iron-based scrap is sequentially lowered in the preheating chamber 2 and supplied into the melting chamber 1, and the iron-based scrap is supplied in the melting chamber 1.
- the apparent bulk density (P) of the iron-based scrap filled in the preheating chamber 2 is 0.50 t / m 3 or more and less than 1.00 t / m 3 , and the iron in the preheating chamber 2 is iron.
- Preheating chamber so that the system scrap filling ratio H SC / H SF (however, H SC : filling height of iron scrap in the preheating chamber, H SF : height in the preheating chamber) is 0.5 to 0.8. Charge iron scrap into 2.
- the apparent bulk density (P) of the iron-based scrap filling layer in the preheating chamber 2 is set to 0.50 t / m 3 or more and less than 1.00 t / m 3 by charging the iron-based scrap filling layer into the preheating chamber 2.
- the unit of mass is [t]
- the unit of volume is [m 3 ]
- the unit of bulk density is [t / m 3 ]
- i indicates the scrap type to be charged.
- the scrap type to be charged is two or more of heavy, press, shredder, new cut, steel darai powder, and dead iron specified in the "Unified Standard for Iron Scrap Inspection" of the Japan Iron Source Association, they are used.
- the bulk density of each scrap type may be obtained, for example, by placing the target scrap in a large container having a constant capacity, measuring the mass, and determining the volume and mass.
- the iron-based scrap to be melted in the present invention contains, for example, iron such as directly reduced iron and cold iron as the main component, in addition to the scrap specified in the above-mentioned "Unified Standard for Iron Scrap Inspection" of the Japan Iron Source Association. May be included. Similarly, unsteady parts of slabs cast by continuous casting or ingot-making method, crops generated by rolling steel materials such as steel strips, and own scraps generated from steel mills such as pig iron that hardened hot metal are included. May be. Scraps other than those specified in the "Iron Scrap Acceptance Standards" are classified as different scrap types as necessary, and their bulk density is calculated. Those containing a large amount of iron oxide require extra energy for reducing iron oxide, but may be appropriately used in consideration of operating costs and the like.
- the classification of scrap types does not necessarily have to be based on the "Iron scrap acceptance standard", and may be classified according to any standard according to the bulk density. The point is that the bulk density is obtained for each scrap type in the determined scrap type classification, and the apparent bulk density (P) of the iron-based scrap filled in the preheating chamber 2 is based on this bulk density and the mixing ratio of each scrap type. ).
- apparent bulk density (P) is less than 0.50 T / m 3, also at 1.00T / m 3 or more, poor heat transfer efficiency between the exhaust gas and ferrous scrap, iron scrap from the preheating chamber 2
- High-temperature exhaust gas that does not exchange heat sufficiently will be discharged, and the preheating efficiency will decrease. That is, when the apparent bulk density (P) is less than 0.50 t / m 3 , the heat transfer efficiency from the exhaust gas to the iron-based scrap filled in the preheating chamber 2 is low, and the exhaust gas blows through at a high temperature and passes through the preheating chamber 2. Therefore, the preheating efficiency is lowered.
- the preheating efficiency is lowered due to the pressure loss.
- the apparent bulk density (P) is 1.00 t / m 3 or more
- the preheating efficiency will decrease. In this case, it is necessary to slow down the falling speed of the iron-based scrap in the preheating chamber 2 to secure the preheating temperature, but in this case, the iron-based scrap is excessively oxidized in the preheating chamber 2. Then, energy loss occurs for reducing the oxidized iron-based scrap.
- iron is maintained so that the iron-based scrap filling ratio H SC / H SF in the preheating chamber 2 is always maintained in the range of 0.5 to 0.8, preferably in the range of 0.6 to 0.8.
- the system scrap is charged into the preheating chamber 2.
- the iron-based scrap filling ratio H SC / H SF in the preheating chamber 2 is less than 0.5, the heat transfer efficiency from the exhaust gas to the iron-based scrap filled in the preheating chamber 2 is low, and the exhaust gas blows through at a high temperature. Since it passes through the preheating chamber 2, the preheating efficiency is lowered. Therefore, in this case as well, it is necessary to slow down the descent rate of the iron-based scrap in the preheating chamber 2 to secure the preheating temperature.
- the iron-based scrap preheated in the preheating chamber 2 is sequentially lowered and supplied to the melting chamber 1. Along with this, the filling height of the iron-based scrap in the preheating chamber 2 decreases, so that new iron-based scrap is charged into the preheating chamber 2 at a predetermined timing. Then, new iron scrap is charged so that the iron scrap filling ratio H SC / H SF in the preheating chamber 2 is always maintained in the range of 0.5 to 0.8. For this reason, it is preferable to utilize a surveillance camera or the like that monitors the upper surface level of the iron-based scrap filling layer in the preheating chamber 2 as described later.
- a carbonaceous material is used as an auxiliary heat source for melting iron-based scrap in the melting chamber 1, and a carbon-oxygen ratio C / O (however, C: carbon in the carbonaceous material) is contained in the melting chamber 1.
- O: Oxygen (pure oxygen) and carbonaceous material are blown so that the amount of oxygen blown [Nm 3]) is 0.70 or more.
- an oxygen-containing gas for example, a mixed gas of pure oxygen and air
- the oxygen blowing amount O is the amount of oxygen blown into the oxygen-containing gas.
- blowing may be performed by a method of injecting from the top of the melting chamber 1 or a method of bottom blowing injection from the bottom blowing nozzle. ..
- the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas becomes high due to unreacted oxygen.
- the oxygen concentration in the preheating chamber 2 through which the exhaust gas flows increases, and the inside of the preheating chamber 2 becomes an oxidizing atmosphere, so that the iron-based scrap is excessively oxidized, and the oxidized iron-based scrap is reduced. Energy loss will occur. Further, as described above, when the iron-based scrap in the preheating chamber 2 is excessively oxidized, a part of the iron-based scrap is melted by the heat of oxidation and fused to the surrounding iron-based scrap, so that the preheating chamber 2 is used.
- the carbon-oxygen ratio C / O is less than 0.70, the above problems are likely to occur. Further, from the above viewpoint, the carbon / oxygen ratio C / O is particularly preferably in the range of 0.75 to 0.80. The upper limit of the carbon / oxygen ratio C / O is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to operate at less than 2.0.
- the oxygen concentration in the preheating chamber 2 is preferably less than 15 vol%.
- the charcoal material and oxygen are blown into the melting chamber 1 as described above, if the amount of the charcoal material blown is too small, the function as an auxiliary heat source cannot be sufficiently exhibited, while if it is too large, the blown charcoal material causes. The inside of the furnace is cooled, and the reduction reaction becomes excessive, which reduces the efficiency of operation. Further, if the amount of oxygen blown is too small, the scrap melting efficiency due to the heat of oxidation reaction is lowered, and the operation efficiency is lowered. On the other hand, if the amount of oxygen blown is too large, molten slag and splash of molten iron are excessively generated, which may lead to equipment troubles such as damage to the furnace body and damage to the cooling equipment.
- the amount of carbonaceous material blown is about 0.3 to 1.4 (kg / min) / ton of hot water, and the amount of oxygen blown is about 20 to 40 (Nm 3 / hr) / ton of hot water.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory view schematically showing an embodiment of the present invention in a state in which an electric furnace is vertically crossed.
- the electric furnace includes a melting chamber 1 for melting iron scrap by arc heating, and a preheating chamber 2 for preheating the iron scrap supplied to the melting chamber 1.
- the upper part of the melting chamber 1 is covered with a furnace lid 4 having a water-cooled structure that can be opened and closed.
- a plurality of electrodes 5 are inserted from above through the furnace lid 4 in the substantially central portion of the melting chamber 1, and an arc heating unit A that melts iron-based scrap by blowing an arc between these electrodes 5 is configured. Will be done.
- the electrode 5 is made of graphite or the like and can move up and down.
- a shaft-type preheating chamber 2 is continuously provided in the upper part of the melting chamber 1 at a position away from the arc heating portion A, and the preheating chamber 2 communicates with the melting chamber 1 in a vertical relationship.
- a scrap inlet 20 that can be opened and closed is provided in the upper part of the preheating chamber 2.
- an exhaust port 21 is provided on the upper side of the preheating chamber 2, and an exhaust duct 6 is connected to the exhaust port 21.
- the exhaust duct 6 is connected to a suction blower (not shown), and the high-temperature exhaust gas generated in the melting chamber 1 flows into the preheating chamber 2 by suction by the suction blower, passes through the preheating chamber 2, and then passes through the preheating chamber 2, and then the exhaust duct 6. Exhaust from 6.
- a dust collector (not shown) is provided in the middle of the exhaust duct 6.
- a bottom-opening type supply bucket 13 suspended from the traveling carriage 16 can be moved above the preheating chamber 2, and iron-based scrap x is transferred from the supply bucket 13 into the preheating chamber 2 through the scrap inlet 20. Be charged.
- the melting chamber 1 faces the space portion 1a below the preheating chamber 2, and the iron-based scrap x filled in the space portion 1a is pushed out to the arc heating portion A side by the electrode 5 (pusher 3). ) Is provided.
- the extruder 3 is provided so as to penetrate the side wall of the melting chamber 1 and move forward and backward in the arc heating portion A (toward the center of the furnace in this embodiment), and is driven by a driving device (not shown) at the tip thereof.
- the iron-based scrap x in the space portion 1a is pushed out to the arc heating portion A side.
- the iron-based scrap x in the space portion 1a is naturally extruded to the arc heating portion A side by the own weight of the iron-based scrap x filled in the preheating chamber 2 and the space portion 1a without providing the extruder 3. You may do so.
- An oxygen blowing lance 7 and a carbonaceous material blowing lance 8 are inserted into the melting chamber 1 from above through the furnace lid 4.
- charcoal material blowing lance 8 a charcoal material composed of one or more kinds such as coke, char, coal, charcoal, and graphite is blown into the molten slag s using air, nitrogen, or the like as a transport gas. Further, oxygen is supplied (injected) from the oxygen blowing lance 7, and the molten slag is pushed away by this oxygen, and oxygen is blown into the molten iron m.
- oxygen-containing gas for example, a mixed gas of pure oxygen and air
- oxygen blowing lance 7 instead of pure oxygen
- a hot water outlet 11 is provided on the bottom of the furnace on the side opposite to the side where the preheating chamber 2 is provided, and a slag outlet 12 is provided on the side wall above the hot water outlet 11.
- the hot water outlet 11 and the slag outlet 12 are closed by a filling sand or mud agent filled inside, a hot water outlet 14 that presses the mud agent on the outside, and a slag door 15.
- a combustion assist burner 9 is provided at a position substantially directly above the hot water outlet 11 so as to penetrate the furnace lid 4 and be inserted into the melting chamber 1 from above.
- the combustion auxiliary burner 9 burns fossil fuels such as heavy oil, kerosene, pulverized coal, propane gas, and natural gas in the melting chamber 1 with a combustion support gas (oxygen, air, or oxygen-enriched air).
- a combustion support gas oxygen, air, or oxygen-enriched air.
- the inner wall of the electric furnace 1 is made of refractory material, and the furnace wall 10 of the melting chamber 1 has a water-cooled structure.
- One or more combustion assist burners 9 are installed in the melting chamber 1 and are used to heat the iron-based scrap x and the molten iron m in the melting chamber 1.
- a combustion assist burner 9 In a general electric furnace to which the preheating chamber 2 is not attached, it is common to install a combustion assist burner 9.
- the heat transfer efficiency of the combustion heat of the combustion assisting burner 9 is about 20 to 50%, and most of the combustion heat of the combustion assisting burner 9 is dissipated as sensible heat of exhaust gas.
- an electric furnace provided with a preheating chamber 2 as in the present invention has an advantage that high-temperature sensible heat of exhaust gas can be melted while being applied to iron-based scrap x.
- the unattached heat can also contribute to the preheating of the iron-based scrap x. This can be achieved by appropriately maintaining the apparent bulk density (P) of the iron-based scrap x filled in the preheating chamber 2. At this time, the thermal efficiency of the combustion assist burner 9 can be improved to 50 to 80% in total.
- the combustion assist burner 9 when the combustion assist burner 9 is not used, the iron scrap around the electrode 5 melts quickly, but the iron scrap may remain undissolved at a place away from the electrode 5, that is, at a cold spot. Therefore, non-uniformity of the scrap melting rate in the furnace may prolong the operating time and deteriorate the electric power intensity. That is, the combustion assisting burner 9 can be installed at the position of the cold spot, and the cold spot can be eliminated by using the combustion assisting burner 9. Therefore, it is desirable to install and use the combustion assist burner 9.
- the carbon-oxygen ratio C / O is controlled and the oxygen concentration in the preheating chamber 2 is less than 15% as in the present invention, the higher the exhaust gas temperature in the preheating chamber 2, the more iron-based scrap can be used. Can be preheated.
- the combustion heat of the combustion assisting burner 9 the unattached heat can also contribute to the preheating of the iron-based scrap x.
- the combustion assist burner 9 is not used, the iron-based scrap x in the preheating chamber 2 is charged into the melting chamber 1 without being sufficiently preheated depending on the operating conditions. There is a risk of non-uniformity in the scrap melting rate.
- the arc heating portion A is formed by a plurality of electrodes 5 in the melting chamber 1, and the cold iron source x is melted by using this as a main heat source. Further, the charcoal material is blown into the molten slag s from the charcoal material blowing lance 8 and used as an auxiliary heat source. On the other hand, oxygen is blown into the molten iron m from the oxygen blowing lance 7, and the molten iron is decarburized to a predetermined carbon amount by the oxygen. At this time, oxygen and carbonaceous material are blown from the lances 7 and 8 so that the carbon / oxygen ratio C / O is 0.70 or more.
- a combustion assist burner 9 is used as needed.
- high-temperature exhaust gas including CO, CO 2 , unreacted O 2 and outside air flowing in from an opening or the like is generated.
- the iron-based scrap x which is a raw material for molten iron, is charged into the electric furnace by using the supply bucket 13. Iron-based scrap x is temporarily stored in the scrap storage area for each type, and among them, iron-based scrap x of a predetermined type and mass ratio is blended according to the steel type of molten iron to be produced. In the present invention, the iron scrap x is further blended so that the apparent bulk density (P) of the iron scrap filled in the preheating chamber 2 is 0.50 t / m 3 or more and less than 1.00 t / m 3. , Is placed in the supply bucket 13.
- P apparent bulk density
- the supply bucket 13 containing the iron-based scrap x is moved directly above the preheating chamber 2 by the traveling carriage 16, and the iron-based scrap x is moved into the preheating chamber 2 from the supply bucket 13 through the opened scrap inlet 20.
- the iron-based scrap x charged from the scrap charging inlet 20 is in a state of being filled in the space portion 1a of the preheating chamber 2 and the melting chamber 1 below the preheating chamber 2.
- the filling state of the iron-based scrap x in the preheating chamber 2 is controlled so that the iron-based scrap filling ratio H SC / H SF is 0.5 to 0.8. That is, during the operation, the iron-based scrap x preheated in the preheating chamber 2 is sequentially lowered and supplied to the melting chamber 1, and the filling height of the iron-based scrap in the preheating chamber 2 is reduced accordingly. Therefore, a new iron-based scrap x is charged into the preheating chamber 2 at a predetermined timing, and the iron-based scrap filling ratio H SC / H SF in the preheating chamber 2 is always maintained in the range of 0.5 to 0.8. A new iron-based scrap x is charged so as to be carried out.
- a surveillance camera for monitoring the upper surface level of the iron-based scrap filling layer in the preheating chamber 2 and a sensor capable of detecting the upper surface level are provided, and a predetermined amount of new iron-based scrap x is determined based on the information. It is preferable to charge at the timing.
- An organic substance for example, plastic, rubber, biomass, etc. may be mixed in the iron-based scrap x charged into the electric furnace (preheating chamber 2).
- the iron-based scrap x filled in the preheating chamber 2 is preheated.
- the temperature of the exhaust gas flowing into the preheating chamber 2 is about 1000 to 1500 ° C.
- the iron-based scrap x filled in the space portion 1a of the melting chamber 1 is sequentially pushed to the arc heating portion A side by the extruder 3. Extrude to. Along with this, the iron-based scrap x filled in the preheating chamber 2 descends in sequence, and accordingly, the iron-based scrap x filled in the preheating chamber 2 is charged by the supply bucket 13 as described above. , Repeat this.
- the iron-based scrap x progresses and a predetermined amount (1 charge) of molten iron is accumulated in the melting chamber 1, the iron-based scrap x is filled in the space portion 1a of the preheating chamber 2 and the melting chamber 1. While maintaining the hot water, molten iron m is discharged from the hot water outlet 11, and molten slag s is discharged from the slag opening 12.
- Iron-based scrap or carbonaceous material may be charged, or hot metal may be charged into the melting chamber 1 at the time of charging the iron-based scrap.
- This hot metal can be charged into the melting chamber 1 by a supply ladle (not shown) or a hot metal gutter (not shown) leading to the melting chamber 1.
- a method of adding carbonaceous material or oxygen in addition to the lance blowing method as in the present embodiment, a method of injecting into the bath from above the melting chamber 1, a method of providing a dedicated nozzle on the bottom of the furnace and injecting bottom blowing, etc. May be adopted.
- the carbonaceous material and oxygen blowing lance may be immersed in molten slag or molten iron, but the molten slag or molten iron is not immersed in molten slag or molten iron as in the present embodiment, and the molten metal level changes according to the fluctuation of the molten metal level. It may be a method of following. Alternatively, a method in which an oxygen blowing lance is installed on the furnace wall and oxygen is blown from the furnace wall may be used.
- the electric furnace of this embodiment is an AC type, it has an electrode 5 as described above.
- the electric furnace is a direct current type, electrodes are present at the bottom and the top of the furnace, and an arc is blown between the electrodes to melt the cold iron source.
- the present invention can also be applied to the production of molten iron by such a DC type electric furnace.
- the type of electric furnace used is a method of guiding the exhaust gas generated in the melting chamber 1 to the preheating chamber 2 to preheat the iron-based scrap x.
- the melting chamber is an extruder. It can be applied to a method for producing molten iron using various types of electric furnaces, such as a method for producing molten iron using an electric furnace that does not have.
- a coke powder having a fixed carbon content of 85 mass% or more, a water content of 1.0 mass% or less, a volatile content of 1.5 mass% or less, and an average particle size of 5 mm or less was used. Further, in order to melt the iron-based scrap x and heat the molten iron m, a combustion assist burner 9 was used as needed. The number of the auxiliary burners 9 installed was one, and the amount of combustion used was 2000 Mcal / hr per one auxiliary burner.
- the bulk density is determined based on the scrap type specified in the "Iron Scrap Inspection Unified Standard" of the Japan Iron Source Association, and two or more types of scrap (i) to (iv) below are mixed. Was used.
- (I) Heavy Sizing with a guillotine shear, gas fusing, heavy machinery, etc., and classified into HS and H1 to H4 according to thickness, dimensions, and unit weight.
- HS thickness 6 mm or more
- H4 thickness less than 1 mm, width or height 500 mm or less x length 1200 mm or less
- the bulk density was 0.5 t / m 3 .
- Shredder Iron scrap mainly made of steel sheet processed products, crushed by a shredder machine, and then sorted by a magnetic sorter. The bulk density was 1.3 t / m 3 .
- Dead pig iron A block-shaped product obtained by finely crushing a used casting product, which is classified into A and B according to the base metal. In this example, "A: 1200 mm or less on a side" was used. .. The bulk density was 3.0 t / m 3 .
- oil such as cutting oil may be attached to "steel dull powder", and when the oil burns, it becomes a heat source and affects the electric power intensity. Therefore, the invention example and the comparative example (however, No. The blending ratio of (excluding 17) was kept constant. In addition, since the carbon content of "late pig iron” is higher than that of other iron-based scraps, the melting point is low, and the solubility is good, which affects the electric power intensity. And said.
- the iron-based scrap was charged into the preheating chamber 2 by the supply bucket 13.
- the iron-based scrap was charged into the preheating chamber 2 while keeping the composition constant for a sufficient time for the inside of the preheating chamber 2 to be replaced with a predetermined composition according to the capacity of the preheating chamber 2.
- Table 1 shows the results and the power intensity index for other operating conditions (iron scrap used, apparent bulk density (P) of iron scrap in the preheating chamber and iron scrap filling ratio H SC / H SF , It is shown together with the carbon / oxygen ratio C / O).
- the iron-based scrap filling ratio H SC / H SF in Table 1 shows that it fluctuated within that numerical range during operation.
- the electric power intensity index is an evaluation index of the dissolution experiment, and No.
- the power intensity of 10 [kWh / ton of hot water output] is set to 100, and the ratio of the power intensity of each embodiment to that is shown.
- the evaluation was " ⁇ " (passed) when the power intensity index was less than 100, and "x" (failed) when the power intensity index was 100 or more.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、このような知見に基づきなされたもので、以下を要旨とするものである。
予熱室(2)内に充填された鉄系スクラップの見掛け嵩密度(P)が0.50t/m3以上、1.00t/m3未満であって、且つ予熱室(2)内での鉄系スクラップ充填比HSC/HSF(但し、HSC:予熱室内での鉄系スクラップの充填高さ[m]、HSF:予熱室内高さ[m])が0.5~0.8となるように、予熱室(2)内に鉄系スクラップを装入し、
溶解室(1)内で鉄系スクラップを溶解するための補助熱源として炭材を用い、溶解室(1)内に、炭素・酸素比C/O(但し、C:炭材中の炭素量[kg]、O:酸素吹き込み量[Nm3])が0.70以上となるように酸素と炭材を吹き込むことを特徴とする電気炉による溶鉄の製造方法。
[2]上記[1]の製造方法において、予熱室(2)内の酸素濃度を15vol%未満とすることを特徴とする電気炉による溶鉄の製造方法。
[3]上記[1]または[2]の製造方法において、溶解室(1)内への炭材吹き込み量を0.3~1.4(kg/min)/出湯トン、酸素吹き込み量を20~40(Nm3/hr)/出湯トンとすることを特徴とする電気炉による溶鉄の製造方法。
[4]上記[1]~[3]のいずれかの製造方法において、溶解室(1)には助燃バーナーが1本以上設置され、該助燃バーナーにより溶解室内の鉄系スクラップおよび溶鉄を加熱することを特徴とする電気炉による溶鉄の製造方法。
[5]上記[1]~[4]のいずれかの製造方法において、電気炉は、溶解室(1)のアーク加熱部から離れた位置の上部に予熱室(2)が連設されるとともに、予熱室(2)の上部にスクラップ装入口(20)が設けられ、
該スクラップ装入口(20)から予熱室(2)内に装入された鉄系スクラップは、予熱室(2)およびその下方の溶解室(1)の空間部分(1a)に充填され、この空間部分(1a)の鉄系スクラップが順次アーク加熱部側に押し出されることを特徴とする電気炉による溶鉄の製造方法。
[6]上記[5]の製造方法において、空間部分(1a)の鉄系スクラップが、押し出し機(3)により順次アーク加熱部側に押し出されることを特徴とする電気炉による溶鉄の製造方法。
電気炉は、鉄系スクラップをアーク加熱によって溶解する溶解室1と、この溶解室1に供給する鉄系スクラップを予熱するための予熱室2を備えている。
溶解室:炉径7m、炉高5m
予熱室:幅3m、奥行き4m、高さ5m
炉容量:210トン
電力:交流50Hz
トランス容量:75MVA
電極数:3
1a 空間部分
2 予熱室
3 押し出し機
4 炉蓋
5 電極
6 排気ダクト
7 酸素吹き込みランス
8 炭材吹き込みランス
9 助燃バーナー
10 炉壁
11 出湯口
12 出滓口
13 供給用バケット
14 出湯用扉
15 出滓用扉
16 走行台車
20 スクラップ装入口
21 排気口
x 鉄系スクラップ
m 溶鉄
s 溶融スラグ
A アーク加熱部
Claims (6)
- 鉄系スクラップをアーク加熱によって溶解する溶解室(1)と、鉄系スクラップを予熱するために溶解室(1)の上部に連設されたシャフト型の予熱室(2)を備えた電気炉において、予熱室(2)内に鉄系スクラップを順次装入することで、予熱室(2)内に鉄系スクラップが充填された状態とし、溶解室(1)で発生した排ガスを、鉄系スクラップが充填された予熱室(2)を通過させることにより鉄系スクラップを予熱し、この予熱した鉄系スクラップを予熱室(2)内で順次降下させて溶解室(1)内に供給し、溶解室(1)で鉄系スクラップを溶解して溶鉄を得る方法であって、
予熱室(2)内に充填された鉄系スクラップの見掛け嵩密度(P)が0.50t/m3以上、1.00t/m3未満であって、且つ予熱室(2)内での鉄系スクラップ充填比HSC/HSF(但し、HSC:予熱室内での鉄系スクラップの充填高さ[m]、HSF:予熱室内高さ[m])が0.5~0.8となるように、予熱室(2)内に鉄系スクラップを装入し、
溶解室(1)内で鉄系スクラップを溶解するための補助熱源として炭材を用い、溶解室(1)内に、炭素・酸素比C/O(但し、C:炭材中の炭素量[kg]、O:酸素吹き込み量[Nm3])が0.70以上となるように酸素と炭材を吹き込むことを特徴とする電気炉による溶鉄の製造方法。 - 予熱室(2)内の酸素濃度を15vol%未満とすることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電気炉による溶鉄の製造方法。
- 溶解室(1)内への炭材吹き込み量を0.3~1.4(kg/min)/出湯トン、酸素吹き込み量を20~40(Nm3/hr)/出湯トンとすることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の電気炉による溶鉄の製造方法。
- 溶解室(1)には助燃バーナーが1本以上設置され、該助燃バーナーにより溶解室内の鉄系スクラップおよび溶鉄を加熱することを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の電気炉による溶鉄の製造方法。
- 電気炉は、溶解室(1)のアーク加熱部から離れた位置の上部に予熱室(2)が連設されるとともに、予熱室(2)の上部にスクラップ装入口(20)が設けられ、
該スクラップ装入口(20)から予熱室(2)内に装入された鉄系スクラップは、予熱室(2)およびその下方の溶解室(1)の空間部分(1a)に充填され、この空間部分(1a)の鉄系スクラップが順次アーク加熱部側に押し出されることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の電気炉による溶鉄の製造方法。 - 空間部分(1a)の鉄系スクラップが、押し出し機(3)により順次アーク加熱部側に押し出されることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の電気炉による溶鉄の製造方法。
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