WO2021036920A1 - 一种废旧铅酸蓄电池多级铅膏沉淀分选方法 - Google Patents

一种废旧铅酸蓄电池多级铅膏沉淀分选方法 Download PDF

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WO2021036920A1
WO2021036920A1 PCT/CN2020/110419 CN2020110419W WO2021036920A1 WO 2021036920 A1 WO2021036920 A1 WO 2021036920A1 CN 2020110419 W CN2020110419 W CN 2020110419W WO 2021036920 A1 WO2021036920 A1 WO 2021036920A1
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lead
lead paste
waste
sorting
paste
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PCT/CN2020/110419
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English (en)
French (fr)
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费跃波
陈炳敏
袁成
陈利华
施欢欢
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浙江浙矿重工股份有限公司
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B7/00—Combinations of wet processes or apparatus with other processes or apparatus, e.g. for dressing ores or garbage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of waste battery treatment, in particular to the technical field of lead paste precipitation and separation of waste lead-acid batteries.
  • waste lead-acid batteries are a major source of pollution in the natural environment. If the waste lead-acid batteries are not handled properly, it will have a serious impact on the environment.
  • the electrodes of lead-acid batteries are mainly made of lead and its oxides.
  • the liquid is a kind of storage battery of sulfuric acid solution. In the discharged state, the main component of the positive electrode is lead dioxide, and the main component of the negative electrode is lead; in the charged state, the main component of the positive and negative electrodes are lead sulfate.
  • the method for extracting lead paste from waste lead-acid batteries is the "single-stage lead paste precipitation and sorting system" adopted by similar equipment at home and abroad.
  • the flocculant is added quantitatively through the flocculant addition device on the ship-shaped scraper to make the lead paste settle into the tank.
  • One of the vertical pumps is responsible for pumping the acid water from the upper liquid level in the ship-shaped scraper cabin for the high-pressure washing of the crushing and sorting system, and the other vertical pump is responsible for the extraction and extraction.
  • the acid water on the upper liquid level in the ship-shaped scraper engine room supplies water for the hydrodynamic sorting device.
  • the volume of the ship-shaped scraper cabin is limited.
  • the flocculant has a fixed reaction time. Therefore, in the case of mass production, a large amount of lead paste produced by crushing and sorting, after crushing and sorting, falls into the scraper and cannot be fully precipitated.
  • the liquid surface on the scraper contains A large number of lead paste particles.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems in the prior art and propose a multi-level lead paste precipitation and separation method for waste lead-acid batteries, which can fully play the role of the flocculant, so that the lead paste can be fully precipitated in the acid solution and improve
  • the lead paste sorting rate reduces the mutual doping rate of the material sorting, reduces waste, and reduces environmental pollution.
  • the present invention proposes a multi-level lead paste precipitation and separation method for waste lead-acid batteries, which includes the following steps:
  • Step S1 Breaking the waste lead-acid battery: crush the waste lead-acid battery materials that need to be processed, so that the waste battery is broken into shredded materials;
  • step S2 the lead paste proposes: the waste lead-acid battery materials crushed in step S1 are subjected to lead paste sorting and sieving to select the lead paste;
  • Step S3 lead paste precipitation: the lead paste extracted in step S2 falls into the silo of the scraper conveying equipment, and a quantitative flocculant is added to the silo of the scraper conveying equipment through the flocculant adding device. Under the action, the lead paste can be precipitated;
  • Step S4 Lead paste extraction: the lead paste in the silo is extracted through the scraper system at the bottom of the scraper and transported to the mixing tank;
  • Step S5 Lead paste secondary precipitation: Set up a secondary precipitation system on one side of the ship-shaped scraper, which mainly includes a large and small precipitation tank, a bottom lead paste screw conveyor, a horizontal centrifugal pump and a vertical centrifugal pump, and a ship-shaped scraper on the liquid
  • the liquid on the surface flows into the secondary sedimentation system through the overflow port, which prolongs the reaction time of the flocculant, so that the lead paste is fully precipitated in the sedimentation system, and falls into the bottom of the large sedimentation tank, and is transferred by the bottom screw conveyor and horizontal centrifugal pump.
  • the lead paste at the bottom of the large sedimentation tank is transported back to the ship scraper;
  • Step S6 Acid treatment Step S5: The electrolyte without lead paste at the level of the lead paste secondary precipitation tank overflows to the small sedimentation tank again through the overflow. At this time, the content of lead paste in the acid solution is lower.
  • the vertical high-pressure water pump set in the small sedimentation tank provides high-pressure water flushing for the crushing equipment to realize water circulation operations.
  • the waste lead-acid battery is crushed twice to crush the waste lead-acid battery, and the raw material of the waste lead-acid battery is first transported to the primary hammer crusher to coarsely crush the waste battery.
  • the raw materials of the latter-stage coarse crushing directly fall into the primary lead paste sorting sieve for sorting.
  • the large amount of lead paste contained in the primary coarse crushing raw materials falls through the sieve, and the sieved material enters the secondary hammer type through the feeding equipment.
  • the crusher performs secondary fine crushing, and the secondary finely crushed raw materials after secondary crushing directly fall into the secondary lead paste sorting sieve for secondary sorting, and the lead paste contained in the secondary finely crushed raw materials falls through the screen.
  • the lead paste proposes to adopt a wet sorting method, and the lead paste at the upper end of the sorting sieve is assisted by high-pressure water washing to fall through the sorting sieve.
  • the present invention can fully play the role of the flocculant by passing the lead paste through the scraper and the precipitation tank for multiple precipitations, so that the lead paste can be
  • the acid solution is fully precipitated, and then the acid water with a small amount of lead paste is used to provide high-pressure water for the crushing and separation, which improves the separation rate of the lead paste and reduces the mutual doping rate of the material separation.
  • the entire system is sorted as a whole The accuracy is improved. Therefore, the equipment production capacity is greatly improved while the sorting accuracy is ensured, the waste of lead paste is reduced, and the pollution to the environment is reduced.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a multi-stage lead paste precipitation and sorting method for waste lead-acid batteries of the present invention.
  • the invention provides a multi-level lead paste precipitation sorting method for waste lead-acid batteries, which comprises the following steps:
  • Step S1 Breaking the waste lead-acid battery: crush the waste lead-acid battery materials that need to be processed, so that the waste battery is broken into broken materials;
  • step S2 the lead paste proposes: the waste lead-acid battery materials crushed in step S1 are subjected to lead paste sorting and sieving to select the lead paste;
  • Step S3 lead paste precipitation: the lead paste extracted in step S2 falls into the silo of the scraper conveying equipment, and a quantitative flocculant is added to the silo of the scraper conveying equipment through the flocculant adding device. Under the action, the lead paste can be precipitated;
  • Step S4 Lead paste extraction: the lead paste in the silo is extracted through the scraper system at the bottom of the scraper and transported to the mixing tank;
  • Step S5 Lead paste secondary precipitation: Set up a secondary precipitation system on one side of the ship-shaped scraper, which mainly includes a large and small precipitation tank, a bottom lead paste screw conveyor, a horizontal centrifugal pump and a vertical centrifugal pump, and a ship-shaped scraper on the liquid
  • the liquid on the surface flows into the secondary sedimentation system through the overflow port, which prolongs the reaction time of the flocculant, so that the lead paste is fully precipitated in the sedimentation system, and falls into the bottom of the large sedimentation tank, and is transferred by the bottom screw conveyor and horizontal centrifugal pump.
  • the lead paste at the bottom of the large sedimentation tank is transported back to the ship scraper;
  • Step S6 Acid treatment Step S5: The electrolyte without lead paste at the level of the lead paste secondary precipitation tank overflows to the small sedimentation tank again through the overflow. At this time, the content of lead paste in the acid solution is lower.
  • the vertical high-pressure water pump set in the small sedimentation tank provides high-pressure water flushing for the crushing equipment to realize water circulation operations.
  • the waste lead-acid battery is crushed twice to crush the waste lead-acid battery, and the raw material of the waste lead-acid battery is first transported to the primary hammer crusher to coarsely crush the waste battery.
  • the raw materials of the latter-stage coarse crushing directly fall into the primary lead paste sorting sieve for sorting.
  • the large amount of lead paste contained in the primary coarse crushing raw materials falls through the sieve, and the sieved material enters the secondary hammer type through the feeding equipment.
  • the crusher performs the secondary fine crushing. After the secondary crushing, the secondary finely divided raw materials directly fall into the secondary lead paste sorting sieve for secondary sorting.
  • the lead paste contained in the secondary finely crushed raw materials falls through the screen as Preferably, in the step S2, the lead paste proposes to adopt a wet sorting method, and the lead paste at the upper end of the sorting sieve is assisted by high-pressure water washing to fall through the sorting sieve.
  • the multi-level lead paste precipitation and sorting method of the waste lead-acid battery of the present invention can fully play the role of the flocculant by passing the lead paste through the scraper and the precipitation box for multiple precipitations during the working process, so that the lead paste is in the acid
  • the liquid is fully precipitated, and then the acid water with a small amount of lead paste is used to provide high-pressure water for the crushing and separation, which improves the separation rate of the lead paste, reduces the mutual doping rate of the material separation, and the overall separation accuracy of the whole system Be improved. Therefore, while ensuring the accuracy of the sorting, the production capacity of the equipment is greatly improved, the waste of lead paste is reduced, and the pollution to the environment is reduced.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

一种废旧铅酸蓄电池多级铅膏沉淀分选方法，包括步骤S1废旧铅酸蓄电池破碎；步骤S2铅膏提出；步骤S3铅膏沉淀；步骤S4铅膏提出；步骤S5铅膏二次沉淀；步骤S6酸液处理；通过将铅膏经过刮板机和沉淀箱的多次沉淀，能够充分发挥絮凝剂的作用，使铅膏在酸液中得到充分沉淀，而后用含铅膏量较少的酸水为破碎分选提供高压水冲，提高了铅膏分选率，降低了物料分选相互掺杂率，整套系统整体分选精度得到提高。因此，在大幅度提高了设备产能的同时保证分选精度，减少铅膏浪费，降低对环境的污染。

Description

一种废旧铅酸蓄电池多级铅膏沉淀分选方法 【技术领域】
本发明涉及废旧电池处理的技术领域，特别是废旧铅酸蓄电池铅膏沉淀分选的技术领域。
【背景技术】
目前，废旧铅酸电池是自然环境中的一大污染源，如果废旧铅酸电池处理的不妥当，会对环境造成很严重的影响，铅酸电池的电极主要由铅及其氧化物制成，电解液是硫酸溶液的一种蓄电池。放电状态下，正极主要成分为二氧化铅，负极主要成分为铅；充电状态下，正负极的主要成分均为硫酸铅。目前废旧铅酸电池铅膏的提取办法，国内外同类设备采用的是“单级铅膏沉淀分选系统”，通过船型刮板机上的絮凝剂添加装置定量添加絮凝剂，使铅膏沉淀至舱底，船型刮板机顶部设有两个立式泵，其中一个立式泵负责抽取船型刮板机舱内上液位的酸水用于破碎分选系统高压水洗，另一个立式泵负责抽取抽取船型刮板机舱内上液位的酸水为水动力分选装置供水。船型刮板机舱体容积有限，即使在絮凝剂作用下，铅膏仍无法迅速沉底，大量铅膏处于悬浮层，导致立式泵抽取的酸水中含有大量铅膏，导致后续的物料分选精度差，含杂率高，铅膏提取率不高，造成一定浪费，且对环境伤害较大，无法满足30万吨以上的大产量铅膏分选需求。絮凝剂有固定的反应时间，因此在大批量生产的情况下，破碎分选产生的大量的铅膏，破碎分选后落入刮板机内的无法得到充分的沉淀，刮板机上液面含有大量的铅膏颗粒。
【发明内容】
本发明的目的就是解决现有技术中的问题，提出一种废旧铅酸蓄电池多级 铅膏沉淀分选方法，能够充分发挥絮凝剂的作用，使铅膏在酸液中得到充分沉淀，提高了铅膏分选率，降低了物料分选相互掺杂率，减少浪费，降低对环境的污染。
为实现上述目的，本发明提出了一种废旧铅酸蓄电池多级铅膏沉淀分选方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤S1废旧铅酸蓄电池破碎：将需要处理的废旧铅酸蓄电池物料进行破碎，使废旧电池破碎成破碎料；
步骤S2铅膏提出：将步骤S1中破碎后的废旧铅酸蓄电池物料通过铅膏分选筛分选出铅膏；
步骤S3铅膏沉淀：步骤S2提取出的铅膏落入刮板机输送设备的料仓内，通过絮凝剂添加装置向刮板机输送设备的料仓内添加定量的絮凝剂，在絮凝剂的作用下使铅膏实现沉淀；
步骤S4铅膏提出：通过刮板机底部的刮板系统将料仓内铅膏提出，并输送至搅拌罐；
步骤S5铅膏二次沉淀：在船型刮板机一侧设置二次沉淀系统，其中主要包括大小沉淀箱、底部铅膏螺旋输送器、卧式离心泵及立式离心泵，船型刮板机上液面的液体通过溢流口流入二次沉淀系统，延长了絮凝剂的反应时间，使铅膏在沉淀系统中充分沉淀，并落入大沉淀箱底部，通过底部螺旋输送器和卧式离心泵将大沉淀箱底部的铅膏重新输送回船型刮板机；
步骤S6酸液处理：步骤S5铅膏二次沉淀水箱上液位的不含铅膏的电解液再次通过溢流口溢流到小沉淀箱，此时酸液内铅膏的含量较低，通过设置在小沉淀池箱内的立式高压水泵为破碎分设备提供高压水冲，实现水循环作业。
作为优选，所述的步骤S1废旧铅酸蓄电池破碎对废旧铅酸蓄电池进行两次破碎，先将废旧铅酸蓄电池原料输送至一级锤式破碎机对废旧电池进行一级粗 碎，一级破碎后一级粗碎原料直接落入一级铅膏分选筛进行分选，一级粗碎原料中所含的大量铅膏透过筛网落下，筛上物通过上料设备进入二级锤式破碎式机进行二级细碎，二级破碎后的二级细碎原料直接落入二级铅膏分选筛进行二级分选，二级细碎原料中所含的铅膏透过筛网落下。
作为优选，所述的步骤S2铅膏提出采用湿法分选法，通过高压水洗辅助将分选筛上端的铅膏透过分选筛网落下。
本发明一种废旧铅酸蓄电池多级铅膏沉淀分选方法的有益效果：本发明通过将铅膏经过刮板机和沉淀箱的多次沉淀，能够充分发挥絮凝剂的作用，使铅膏在酸液中得到充分沉淀，而后用含铅膏量较少的酸水为破碎分选提供高压水冲，提高了铅膏分选率，降低了物料分选相互掺杂率，整套系统整体分选精度得到提高。因此，在大幅度提高了设备产能的同时保证分选精度，减少铅膏浪费，降低对环境的污染。
本发明的特征及优点将通过实施例结合附图进行详细说明。
【附图说明】
图1是本发明一种废旧铅酸蓄电池多级铅膏沉淀分选方法流程示意图。
【具体实施方式】
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明了，下面通过附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。但是应该理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限制本发明的范围。此外，在以下说明中，省略了对公知结构和技术的描述，以避免不必要地混淆本发明的概念
本发明一种废旧铅酸蓄电池多级铅膏沉淀分选方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤S1废旧铅酸蓄电池破碎：将需要处理的废旧铅酸蓄电池物料进行破碎，使废旧电池破碎成破碎料；
步骤S2铅膏提出：将步骤S1中破碎后的废旧铅酸蓄电池物料通过铅膏分 选筛分选出铅膏；
步骤S3铅膏沉淀：步骤S2提取出的铅膏落入刮板机输送设备的料仓内，通过絮凝剂添加装置向刮板机输送设备的料仓内添加定量的絮凝剂，在絮凝剂的作用下使铅膏实现沉淀；
步骤S4铅膏提出：通过刮板机底部的刮板系统将料仓内铅膏提出，并输送至搅拌罐；
步骤S5铅膏二次沉淀：在船型刮板机一侧设置二次沉淀系统，其中主要包括大小沉淀箱、底部铅膏螺旋输送器、卧式离心泵及立式离心泵，船型刮板机上液面的液体通过溢流口流入二次沉淀系统，延长了絮凝剂的反应时间，使铅膏在沉淀系统中充分沉淀，并落入大沉淀箱底部，通过底部螺旋输送器和卧式离心泵将大沉淀箱底部的铅膏重新输送回船型刮板机；
步骤S6酸液处理：步骤S5铅膏二次沉淀水箱上液位的不含铅膏的电解液再次通过溢流口溢流到小沉淀箱，此时酸液内铅膏的含量较低，通过设置在小沉淀池箱内的立式高压水泵为破碎分设备提供高压水冲，实现水循环作业。
作为优选，所述的步骤S1废旧铅酸蓄电池破碎对废旧铅酸蓄电池进行两次破碎，先将废旧铅酸蓄电池原料输送至一级锤式破碎机对废旧电池进行一级粗碎，一级破碎后一级粗碎原料直接落入一级铅膏分选筛进行分选，一级粗碎原料中所含的大量铅膏透过筛网落下，筛上物通过上料设备进入二级锤式破碎式机进行二级细碎，二级破碎后的二级细碎原料直接落入二级铅膏分选筛进行二级分选，二级细碎原料中所含的铅膏透过筛网落下，作为优选，所述的步骤S2铅膏提出采用湿法分选法，通过高压水洗辅助将分选筛上端的铅膏透过分选筛网落下。
本发明工作过程：
本发明一种废旧铅酸蓄电池多级铅膏沉淀分选方法在工作过程中，通过将铅膏经过刮板机和沉淀箱的多次沉淀，能够充分发挥絮凝剂的作用，使铅膏在酸液中得到充分沉淀，而后用含铅膏量较少的酸水为破碎分选提供高压水冲，提高了铅膏分选率，降低了物料分选相互掺杂率，整套系统整体分选精度得到提高。因此，在保证分选精度的同时大幅度提高了设备产能，减少铅膏浪费，降低对环境的污染。
上述实施例是对本发明的说明，不是对本发明的限定，任何对本发明简单变换后的方案均属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (3)

  1. 一种废旧铅酸蓄电池多级铅膏沉淀分选方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
    步骤S1废旧铅酸蓄电池破碎：将需要处理的废旧铅酸蓄电池物料进行破碎，使废旧电池破碎成破碎料；
    步骤S2铅膏提出：将步骤S1中破碎后的废旧铅酸蓄电池物料通过铅膏分选筛分选出铅膏；
    步骤S3铅膏沉淀：步骤S2提取出的铅膏落入刮板机输送设备的料仓内，通过絮凝剂添加装置向刮板机输送设备的料仓内添加定量的絮凝剂，在絮凝剂的作用下使铅膏实现沉淀；
    步骤S4铅膏提出：通过刮板机底部的刮板系统将料仓内铅膏提出，并输送至搅拌罐；
    步骤S5铅膏二次沉淀：在船型刮板机一侧设置二次沉淀系统，其中主要包括大小沉淀箱、底部铅膏螺旋输送器、卧式离心泵及立式离心泵，船型刮板机上液面的液体通过溢流口流入二次沉淀系统，延长了絮凝剂的反应时间，使铅膏在沉淀系统中充分沉淀，并落入大沉淀箱底部，通过底部螺旋输送器和卧式离心泵将大沉淀箱底部的铅膏重新输送回船型刮板机；
    步骤S6酸液处理：步骤S5铅膏二次沉淀水箱上液位的不含铅膏的电解液再次通过溢流口溢流到小沉淀箱，此时酸液内铅膏的含量较低，通过设置在小沉淀池箱内的立式高压水泵为破碎分设备提供高压水冲，实现水循环作业。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种废旧铅酸蓄电池多级铅膏沉淀分选方法，其特征在于：所述的步骤S1废旧铅酸蓄电池破碎对废旧铅酸蓄电池进行两次破碎，先将废旧铅酸蓄电池原料输送至一级锤式破碎机对废旧电池进行一级粗碎，一级破碎后一级粗碎原料直接落入一级铅膏分选筛进行分选，一级粗碎原料中所含的大量铅膏透过筛网落下，筛上物通过上料设备进入二级锤式破碎式机进行二级细碎，二级破碎后的二级细碎原料直接落入二级铅膏分选筛进行二 级分选，二级细碎原料中所含的铅膏透过筛网落下。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种废旧铅酸蓄电池多级铅膏沉淀分选方法，其特征在于：所述的步骤S2铅膏提出采用湿法分选法，通过高压水洗辅助将分选筛上端的铅膏透过分选筛网落下。
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