WO2021027507A1 - 安全带卷收器和安全带装置 - Google Patents

安全带卷收器和安全带装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021027507A1
WO2021027507A1 PCT/CN2020/103372 CN2020103372W WO2021027507A1 WO 2021027507 A1 WO2021027507 A1 WO 2021027507A1 CN 2020103372 W CN2020103372 W CN 2020103372W WO 2021027507 A1 WO2021027507 A1 WO 2021027507A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
seat belt
belt retractor
webbing
opening
drum
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/103372
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张立俊
陆凯
Original Assignee
延锋汽车智能安全系统有限责任公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201910737453.5A external-priority patent/CN110316144B/zh
Application filed by 延锋汽车智能安全系统有限责任公司 filed Critical 延锋汽车智能安全系统有限责任公司
Priority to EP20853465.1A priority Critical patent/EP4015317B1/en
Priority to US17/623,092 priority patent/US20220266791A1/en
Publication of WO2021027507A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021027507A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R22/00—Safety belts or body harnesses in vehicles
    • B60R22/34—Belt retractors, e.g. reels
    • B60R22/46—Reels with means to tension the belt in an emergency by forced winding up
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R22/00—Safety belts or body harnesses in vehicles
    • B60R22/34—Belt retractors, e.g. reels
    • B60R22/36—Belt retractors, e.g. reels self-locking in an emergency
    • B60R22/405—Belt retractors, e.g. reels self-locking in an emergency responsive to belt movement and vehicle movement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R22/00—Safety belts or body harnesses in vehicles
    • B60R22/34—Belt retractors, e.g. reels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R22/00—Safety belts or body harnesses in vehicles
    • B60R22/28—Safety belts or body harnesses in vehicles incorporating energy-absorbing devices
    • B60R2022/286—Safety belts or body harnesses in vehicles incorporating energy-absorbing devices using deformation of material
    • B60R2022/287—Safety belts or body harnesses in vehicles incorporating energy-absorbing devices using deformation of material of torsion rods or tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R22/00—Safety belts or body harnesses in vehicles
    • B60R22/34—Belt retractors, e.g. reels
    • B60R2022/3402—Retractor casings; Mounting thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of vehicle safety, and more specifically, to a seat belt retractor and a seat belt device including such a seat belt retractor.
  • the seat belt device In a motor vehicle, the seat belt device is an important part of the occupant restraint system, especially in a traffic accident, it can provide protection for the occupant, avoid injury to the occupant or reduce the injury to a minimum. With the development and progress of motor vehicle technology, the requirements for the performance of seat belt devices are constantly increasing.
  • the seat belt device has a seat belt retractor.
  • the seat belt retractor can be equipped with a sensing unit and a locking mechanism, which are known in various forms in the prior art.
  • the sensing unit may, for example, sense the safety-related state of the motor vehicle, such as vehicle acceleration and/or vehicle inclination angle, and activate the locking mechanism under predetermined conditions, so that the reel drum is locked in the webbing drawing direction.
  • a known pyrotechnic pretensioning device may include a ball gear and a steel ball launching device. When the gas generator is ignited, a plurality of steel balls are launched one after another, impacting the ball gear, so that the ball gear drives the coil. The belt drum rotates in the webbing rewinding direction.
  • pre-tensioning devices which have a serpentine flexible strip and a gear, which can be pushed out and meshed with the gear, and thereby drive the winding drum to rotate in the webbing rewinding direction.
  • the pre-tensioning device is arranged on one side of the frame, and the sensing unit and the locking mechanism are arranged on the other side of the frame. This structure is associated with larger structural space requirements.
  • the pretension device may provide excessive pretension when activated. After the pre-tensioning device is activated, the vehicle occupant may be over-constrained, and the excessive peak strap force of the webbing may cause injury to the vehicle occupant. For this reason, a force-limiting device can be provided in the seat belt device, which can limit the load-bearing capacity of the seat belt retractor and avoid excessive peak strap force peaks.
  • a force-limiting device can be provided in the seat belt device, which can limit the load-bearing capacity of the seat belt retractor and avoid excessive peak strap force peaks.
  • a U-shaped frame is widely used for seat belt retractors.
  • the U-shaped frame is not suitable, the assembly of the entire seat belt retractor is difficult, or the overall size of the seat belt retractor is relatively large.
  • a seat belt retractor with a pre-tensioning function and a force limiting function not only the frame of the seat belt retractor but also the overall arrangement of many parts of the seat belt retractor still has room for improvement.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a seat belt retractor and a seat belt device including such a seat belt retractor, which has a simple structure and is easy to assemble.
  • a seat belt retractor which includes a frame and a reel drum, the reel drum is rotatably supported in the frame and configured to wind a webbing, characterized in that
  • the framework includes:
  • first opening and the second opening receive the reel drum.
  • the seat belt retractor can be easily assembled in the frame of the seat belt retractor.
  • the seat belt retractor is not only simple in structure, but also friendly to assembly.
  • the seat belt retractor may include a locking mechanism.
  • the locking mechanism may include a movable locking pawl and a locking plate, the locking plate is formed by the second supporting plate, the second supporting plate has a third opening, and the third The opening has an internal tooth part, and the locking pawl causes the winding drum to be locked in the webbing drawing direction when the locking pawl is engaged with the internal tooth part.
  • the seat belt retractor may include a sensing unit configured to cooperate with a locking mechanism.
  • the sensing unit may be arranged on a side of the second support plate away from the back plate.
  • the sensing unit may be a sensing unit for sensing vehicle acceleration, vehicle inclination angle, and/or webbing pull-out acceleration.
  • the seat belt retractor may include a stop wheel, which is connected to the take-up drum in an anti-rotational manner on the axial end of the take-up drum facing the back plate, and the stop wheel carries There is a movable locking pawl of the locking mechanism, and the locking pawl causes the stop wheel to be locked in the webbing pull-out direction when the locking pawl is engaged with the inner tooth portion.
  • the seat belt retractor may include a pretensioning device having a driving element and a driven element, and the driven element is directly or indirectly anti-rotating relative to the reel drum. It is provided that the pretensioning device can directly or indirectly drive the take-up drum in the rewinding direction of the webbing when activated.
  • the driven element may be anti-rotatably arranged on the stop wheel between the back plate and the second support plate, and the pretensioning device can drive the stop wheel in the webbing rewinding direction when activated.
  • the pre-tensioning device may include a steel ball launching device as a driving element and a ball gear as a driven element.
  • the steel ball launching device can launch multiple steel balls when activated. It can drive the ball gear in the webbing rewinding direction.
  • the seat belt retractor may include a force-limiting device that connects the reel drum and the stop wheel in a non-rotational manner, and the force-limiting device can connect the reel drum and the stop wheel. Torque below a predetermined threshold is transmitted between.
  • the force limiting device may be configured as a torsion bar, the torsion bar is received in the cavity of the reel drum, the torsion bar can be plastically deformed when a predetermined torsional load is exceeded, and thus can limit The torque transmitted between the reel drum and the stop wheel through the torsion bar.
  • the torsion bar may have a first end adjacent to the first opening and a second end adjacent to the second opening, and the torsion bar is connected to the stop wheel on its first end. It is connected in a rotationally fixed manner and is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the winding drum at its second end.
  • the torsion bar can be replaced by a torsion spring with a particularly strong rigidity. During the normal operation of the seat belt retractor and therefore the load is limited, the torsion of the torsion spring is negligible.
  • the force limiting device may have a rigid structure, and the rigid structure may have weak points.
  • the weak part is destroyed, for example, the weak part is broken or twisted, thereby limiting the load of the seat belt retractor.
  • the stop wheel may be directly connected to the take-up drum in a rotationally fixed manner. In some other embodiments, the stop wheel may be indirectly anti-rotatably connected with the reel drum via an intermediate member, for example, via the aforementioned torsion bar.
  • the expression “rotatably connected” means that the two connected components cannot or substantially cannot rotate relative to each other. Due to gaps or manufacturing errors or due to the elasticity of the various components of the entire connection system, the two connected components may be slightly rotated relative to each other.
  • the connection between gears and shafts through splines can be called "anti-rotation connection.”
  • a gear with a non-circular hole and a shaft with a complementary non-circular cross section can be connected to each other in a rotationally fixed manner.
  • first support leg and/or the second support leg may be formed integrally with the backboard.
  • each supporting leg may also be constituted as a separate component and connected to the back plate.
  • the number of the first support legs may be 2, 3, 4, 5 or more.
  • the number of the second supporting legs may be 2, 3, 4, 5 or more.
  • each first support leg may have a curved end region.
  • the bent end region of each first support leg may have at least three fixing locations for fixing the first support plate in total.
  • connection between the first support leg and the first support plate and/or the connection between the second support leg and the second support plate can be achieved by bolting, riveting, bonding and/or welding.
  • each first support leg may be bent inward.
  • the frame may have two first supporting legs facing each other.
  • each first supporting leg may have two fixing locations. It is also possible that one of the first supporting legs may have two fixing positions, and the other first supporting leg may have exactly one fixing position.
  • the two first supporting legs can be constructed identically or differently.
  • the two first supporting legs may be symmetrical to each other about the longitudinal axis of the seat belt retractor, wherein each first supporting leg has two fixing positions for fixing the first supporting plate.
  • each second support leg may have a curved end area, and the curved end area of each second support leg has a total of at least three fixing locations for fixing the second support plate.
  • each second support leg may be bent inward.
  • the four second support legs may be spaced apart from each other at a uniform angular interval with respect to the longitudinal axis of the seat belt retractor.
  • the second opening may be configured as an axial stop of the take-up drum.
  • the second support plate may be configured as an axial stop of the take-up drum or the stop wheel.
  • the seat belt retractor includes a frame, a reel drum, an induction unit, a locking mechanism, and a pretensioning device.
  • the induction unit is configured to interact with the locking mechanism;
  • the mechanism has a locking plate constituted by a second supporting plate.
  • the second supporting plate has a third opening, and the third opening has internal teeth;
  • the seat belt retractor includes a stop wheel, and The stop wheel is anti-rotatably connected with the reel drum on the axial end of the reel drum facing the back plate, and the stop wheel carries the movable locking claw of the locking mechanism.
  • Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a seat belt retractor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is an exploded view of a part of the seat belt retractor according to Fig. 1;
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 An embodiment of the seat belt retractor according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. It goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments shown in the drawings.
  • the seat belt retractor and the webbing 2 shown schematically in FIG. 1 as a total system can be called a seat belt device.
  • the seat belt retractor as shown in the figure includes a reel drum 1 and a frame 8, the reel drum 1 is rotatably supported in the frame 8 and is configured to wind the webbing 2.
  • the seat belt retractor also includes a sensing unit 10, a locking mechanism 4 and a pretensioning device 7, which are known per se in the prior art, as already mentioned.
  • the sensing unit 10, the locking mechanism 4, the pre-tensioning device 7 and the force limiting device 3 are all optional, and any one or more of these structural components can be cancelled as required.
  • the sensing unit 10 may be a sensing unit for sensing vehicle acceleration, vehicle inclination angle and/or acceleration of webbing pulling out.
  • the sensing unit 10 may also include a plurality of sub-units, which can respectively sense at least one of the aforementioned parameters.
  • the locking mechanism 4 may be activated by the sensing unit 10.
  • the sensing unit and the locking mechanism are arranged on one side of the frame, and the pretensioning device is arranged on the other side of the frame.
  • the sensing unit 10 and the locking mechanism 4 and the pretensioning device 7 are arranged on the same side of the frame 8. More specifically, the sensing unit 10 is arranged on the side of the second support plate 9 that is away from the back plate 8h as will be described below, and at least the driven element of the pretensioning device 7 such as the ball gear 6 is arranged Between the back plate 8h and the second support plate 9.
  • the two first support legs 8a, 8b are symmetrical to each other about the longitudinal axis of the belt retractor, and the two first support legs 8a, 8b respectively have inwardly curved end regions, and each first support The inwardly bent end regions of the legs 8a, 8b have two fixing locations for fixing the first support plate 11.
  • the first support plate 11 may be connected to the first support leg by bolts, for example.
  • the frame 8 has four distributed second supporting legs 8c, 8d, 8e, 8f, the end area of each second supporting leg is bent inward and has a second supporting leg for fixing The fixed part of the support plate 9.
  • the four second supporting legs 8c, 8d, 8e, 8f may be spaced apart from each other at a uniform angular interval with respect to the longitudinal axis of the seat belt retractor.
  • the second support plate 9 can be connected to the inwardly curved free end regions of the second support legs 8c, 8d, 8e, 8f, for example by bolting.
  • the optional locking mechanism 4 is advantageously integrated in the seat belt retractor.
  • the locking mechanism 4 may have a locking plate and a movable locking pawl not shown, and the locking plate is formed by the second supporting plate 9.
  • the second support plate 9 may have a third opening 19, which may have internal teeth.
  • the locking pawl causes the seat belt retractor to be locked in the webbing pull-out direction when engaged with the inner tooth portion.
  • the seat belt retractor may include a stop wheel 5 that is anti-rotatably connected to the belt drum 1 on the axial end of the belt drum 1 facing the back plate 8h.
  • the unshown locking pawl of the locking mechanism 4 may be received in the stop wheel 5, more specifically, may be received in an unshown recess of the stop wheel 5.
  • the pre-tensioning device 7 may include a ball gear 6 fitted on the stop wheel 5 in a non-rotational manner and a steel ball launching device.
  • the steel ball launching device can launch a plurality of steel balls when activated.
  • the ball gear 6 is driven in the rewinding direction, and the ball gear 6 can drive the stop wheel 5 and then drive the reel drum 1 to rotate in the webbing rewinding direction, so that the pre-tensioning function of the seat belt retractor can be realized when needed.
  • the entire pretensioning device 7 is completely located in the space between the back plate 8h and the second supporting plate 9. It can be understood that at least a part of the entire pre-tensioning device 7 is located in the space between the back plate 8 h and the second support plate 9.
  • the driven element of the pretensioning device 7 that is non-rotatably connected to the stop wheel 5, for example, the ball gear 6 can be completely arranged in the space between the back plate 8h and the second support plate 9.
  • the driving element of the pretensioning device 7, for example the serpentine element as a steel ball launching device may be only partially in the space between the back plate and the second support plate, or even completely outside the space.
  • the optional force limiting device 3 is integrated in the seat belt retractor.
  • the force limiting device 3 connects the reel drum 1 and the stop wheel 5 in an anti-rotational manner, and the force limiting device 3 can transmit a torque below a predetermined threshold between the reel drum 1 and the stop wheel 5.
  • the force limiting device 3 may be configured as a torsion bar, the torsion bar is received in the cavity of the reel drum 1, and the torsion bar can be plastically deformed when a predetermined torsional load is exceeded and thereby The torque transmitted between the reel drum 1 and the stop wheel 5 through the torsion bar can be limited.
  • the torsion bar has a first end 3b adjacent to the first opening 20 and a second end 3a adjacent to the second opening 21, and the torsion bar resists the stop wheel 5 on its first end 3b. It is rotatably connected and connected to the take-up drum 1 at its second end 3a in a rotationally fixed manner.
  • the reel drum 1 and the stop wheel 5 as two separate components can also be replaced by an integrated reel drum. At this time, a part of the integrated reel drum can assume the function of the stop wheel 5.
  • the pre-tensioning device 7 and the sensing unit 10 as shown in FIG. 1 exchange positions. If the pre-tensioning device 7 as an option as shown in FIG. 1 is eliminated, the induction unit 10 as an option can also be arranged between the back plate 8h and the second support plate 9.
  • the seat belt retractor shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 can work as follows:
  • the sensing unit 10 can sense the emergency situation of the vehicle, and can prompt the locking pawl of the locking mechanism 4 to move away from the stationary position, Until it engages with the internal teeth of the second support plate 9.
  • the engagement of the locking pawl with the inner tooth portion causes the stop wheel 5 to be stopped in the webbing pull-out direction, so the take-up drum 1 is stopped in the webbing pull-out direction. Therefore, the winding drum 1 and the stop wheel 5 are only allowed to rotate in the webbing winding direction, but not allowed to rotate in the webbing drawing direction.
  • the pre-tensioning device 7 is activated.
  • the gas generator of the pyrotechnic pre-tensioning device is ignited, and the generated gas will eject a plurality of steel balls contained in the coil, and these steel balls are successively in the webbing rewinding direction.
  • the ball gear 6 is driven.
  • the ball gear 6 can drive the stop wheel 5 in the webbing rewinding direction and therefore drive the winding drum 1.
  • the steel ball launching device may include a serpentine tube extending in a meandering manner.
  • the serpentine tube is equipped with a gas generator at one end and accommodates a plurality of steel balls, and is aligned with the ball gear 6 at the other end.
  • the steel ball punched out of the coil can impact the teeth of the ball gear and mesh into the ball socket between the teeth. In Fig. 1, only a circular section of the serpentine tube is schematically depicted.
  • the torsion bar can be plastically deformed, thereby limiting the maximum load of the seat belt retractor and Therefore, the peak value of the shoulder strap force of the webbing 2 is limited, and the vehicle occupant is prevented from being injured due to the excessive peak value of the shoulder strap force.
  • first opening 20 and the second opening 21 can be formed as rotating bearings of the take-up drum 1. It is also advantageous that the second opening 21 can be formed as an axial stop of the take-up drum 1. It is also advantageous that the locking plate 9 can form an axial stop of the stop wheel 5.
  • side covers can be additionally provided on the two axial ends of the seat belt retractor, which cover some parts of the seat belt retractor.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automotive Seat Belt Assembly (AREA)

Abstract

安全带卷收器包括框架（8）和卷带筒（1），卷带筒（1）转动地支承在框架（8）中并且构造成用于缠绕织带（2）。框架（8）包括：背板（8h），其具有彼此相反的第一侧和第二侧以及第一开口（20）；多个从背板（8h）的第一侧伸出的第一支撑腿（8a、8b）；第一支撑板（11），其具有第二开口（21）并且与第一支撑腿（8a、8b）的自由的端部区域连接；多个从背板（8h）的第二侧伸出的第二支撑腿（8c、8d、8e、8f）；第二支撑板（9），其与第二支撑腿（8c、8d、8e、8f）的自由的端部区域连接。第一开口（20）和第二开口（21）接纳卷带筒（1）。该安全带卷收器结构简单、装配友好。还提供了包括该安全带卷收器的安全带装置。

Description

安全带卷收器和安全带装置 技术领域
本发明涉及车辆安全技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种安全带卷收器以及一种包括这样的安全带卷收器的安全带装置。
背景技术
在机动车中，安全带装置是乘员约束系统中的重要组成部分，特别是在交通事故中可以为乘员提供保护，避免乘员受到伤害或将伤害降低到最小程度。随着机动车技术的发展和进步，对安全带装置的性能的要求不断提高。
安全带装置具有安全带卷收器。安全带卷收器可以配备有感应单元和锁止机构，它们在现有技术中以各种各样的形式已知。感应单元例如可以感应机动车的与安全相关的状态，例如车辆加速度和/或车辆倾斜角度，并且在预定情况下激活锁止机构，使得卷带筒在织带拉出方向上被锁止。与此相关的现有技术，例如可以参阅本申请人的较早的专利文献CN109177915A、CN109177916A和CN109159755A。
在现有技术中已知一些具有预紧功能的安全带装置，其包括预紧装置。预紧装置在车辆的紧急状况下可以将安全带预紧，以便更好地约束车辆乘员，使其得到更好的保护。预紧装置在现有技术中同样以各种各样的形式已知。例如已知的烟火式预紧装置可以包括球齿轮和钢球发射装置，其中，在气体发生器被点爆时，多个钢球彼此相继地被发射出来，冲击球齿轮，使得球齿轮带动卷带筒在织带回卷方向上转动。另外也已知一些预紧装置，其具有蛇形的柔性条和齿轮，该柔性条能被推出并且与齿轮啮合，并且从而驱动卷带筒在织带回卷方向上转动。通常，预紧装置布置在框架的一侧上，并且感应单元和锁止机构布置在框架的另一侧上。这种结构与较大的结构空间需求相关联。
在一些情况下，预紧装置在激活时有可能提供过大的预紧力。在预紧装置起作用之后，有可能使得车辆乘员被过度约束，其中，织带的过大的肩带力尖峰值可能对车辆乘员造成伤害。为此，可以在安全带装置中设置限力装置，其可以限制安全带卷收器的承载能力，避免过大的肩带力尖峰值。与此相关的现有技术，例如可以参阅专利文献CN102227341B。
在现有技术中，对于安全带卷收器广泛地采用U形的框架。在一些情况下，U形 的框架并不适宜，整个安全带卷收器的组装是困难的，或者安全带卷收器的总体尺寸较大。特别是对于具有预紧功能和限力功能的安全带卷收器而言，不仅安全带卷收器的框架而且安全带卷收器的诸多部件的总体布置尚有改进空间。
发明内容
本发明的目的是，提供一种安全带卷收器以及一种包括这样的安全带卷收器的安全带装置，该安全带卷收器结构简单并且装配友好。
按本发明的第一方面，建议一种安全带卷收器，其包括框架和卷带筒，所述卷带筒可转动地支承在框架中并且构造成用于缠绕织带，其特征在于，所述框架包括：
-背板，所述背板具有彼此相反的第一侧和第二侧以及具有第一开口；
-多个从背板的第一侧伸出的第一支撑腿；
-第一支撑板，所述第一支撑板具有第二开口并且与所述第一支撑腿的自由的端部区域连接；
-多个从背板的第二侧伸出的第二支撑腿；和
-第二支撑板，所述第二支撑板与所述第二支撑腿的自由的端部区域连接；
其中，所述第一开口和第二开口接纳所述卷带筒。
按照本发明的技术方案，在安全带卷收器的框架中可以容易地组装安全带卷收器的其他部件。安全带卷收器不仅结构简单，而且装配友好。
在一些实施方式中，所述安全带卷收器可以包括锁止机构。优选地，所述锁止机构可以包括可运动的锁止爪和锁止板，所述锁止板通过所述第二支撑板构成，所述第二支撑板具有第三开口，所述第三开口具有内齿部，所述锁止爪在与所述内齿部接合时导致卷带筒在织带拉出方向上锁止。
在一些实施方式中，所述安全带卷收器可以包括感应单元，所述感应单元构造成用于与锁止机构共同作用。
在一些实施方式中，所述感应单元可以设置在所述第二支撑板的与背板背离的一侧上。
在一些实施方式中，所述感应单元可以是用于感应车辆加速度、车辆倾斜角度和/或织带拉出加速度的感应单元。
在一些实施方式中，所述安全带卷收器可以包括止动轮，所述止动轮在卷带筒的朝向背板的轴向端部上与卷带筒抗转动地连接，所述止动轮载有所述锁止机构的可运 动的锁止爪，所述锁止爪在与所述内齿部接合时导致止动轮在织带拉出方向上锁止。
在一些实施方式中，所述安全带卷收器可以包括预紧装置，所述预紧装置具有驱动元件和从动元件，所述从动元件直接地或间接地相对于卷带筒抗转动地设置，所述预紧装置在激活时能在织带回卷方向上直接地或间接地驱动卷带筒。
在一些实施方式中，所述从动元件可以在背板与第二支撑板之间抗转动地设置在止动轮上，所述预紧装置在激活时能在织带回卷方向上驱动止动轮。
在一些实施方式中，所述预紧装置可以包括钢球发射装置作为驱动元件，并且包括球齿轮作为从动元件，所述钢球发射装置在激活时能发射多个钢球，所述钢球能在织带回卷方向上驱动球齿轮。
在一些实施方式中，所述安全带卷收器可以包括限力装置，所述限力装置将卷带筒与止动轮抗转动地连接，并且所述限力装置能在卷带筒与止动轮之间传递在预定阈值以下的转矩。
在一些实施方式中，所述限力装置可以构成为扭力杆，所述扭力杆接纳在卷带筒的空腔中，所述扭力杆能在超过预定的扭转载荷时发生塑性变形并且从而能限制在卷带筒与止动轮之间通过扭力杆传递的转矩。
在一些实施方式中，所述扭力杆可以具有与第一开口相邻的第一端部和与第二开口相邻的第二端部，所述扭力杆在其第一端部上与止动轮抗转动地连接并且在其第二端部上与卷带筒抗转动地连接。
作为替换，也可能的是，扭力杆可以通过刚度特别大的扭力弹簧代替。在安全带卷收器的常规工作并且因此载荷有限时，扭力弹簧的扭转可以忽略不计。
在一些另外的实施方式中，所述限力装置可以具有刚性结构，所刚性结构可以具有薄弱部位。当安全带卷收器的载荷达到预定的阈值时，所述薄弱部位被破坏，例如所述薄弱部位被折断或者扭断，从而限制安全带卷收器的载荷。
在一些实施方式中，止动轮可以与卷带筒直接地抗转动地连接。在一些另外的实施方式中，止动轮可以与卷带筒经由中间部件、例如经由上述的扭力杆间接地抗转动地连接。
在本文中，表述“抗转动地连接”意味着，被连接的两个部件不能或基本上不能彼此相对转动。由于存在间隙或者制造误差或者由于整个连接系统的各个组成部分的弹性，被连接的两个部件也许可以微小地彼此相对转动。例如，齿轮与轴通过花键实现的连接可以称为“抗转动的连接”。例如，具有非圆形孔的齿轮和具有互补的非圆形横 截面的轴可以抗转动地彼此连接。与此相反，如果齿轮空套在轴上并且齿轮可以相对于轴转动，那么这种连接可以称为“可转动的连接”。不言而喻，当两个部件焊接或者粘接在一起时或者一体地制成时，它们能够一起转动，从而是抗转动地连接的。
在一些实施方式中，所述第一支撑腿和/或第二支撑腿可以与背板一体地构成。在一些另外的实施方式中，各个支撑腿也可以构成为单独的部件，并且与背板连接。
在一些实施方式中，所述第一支撑腿的数量可以为2、3、4、5或者更大。
在一些实施方式中，所述第二支撑腿的数量可以为2、3、4、5或者更大。
在一些实施方式中，各第一支撑腿可以分别具有弯曲的端部区域。优选地，各第一支撑腿的弯曲的端部区域可以总共具有至少三个用于固定第一支撑板的固定部位。
在一些实施方式中，第一支撑腿与第一支撑板的连接和/或第二支撑腿与第二支撑板的连接可以通过螺栓连接、铆接、粘接和/或焊接实现。
在一些实施方式中，各第一支撑腿的端部区域可以朝内弯折。
在一些实施方式中，所述框架可以具有彼此对置的两个第一支撑腿。例如每个第一支撑腿可以具有两个固定部位。也可能的是，其中一个第一支撑腿可以具有两个固定部位，并且另一个第一支撑腿可以具有正好一个固定部位。两个第一支撑腿可以相同地或者不同地构成。
在一些实施方式中，所述两个第一支撑腿可以关于安全带卷收器的纵轴线彼此对称，其中，每个第一支撑腿具有两个用于固定第一支撑板的固定部位。
在一些实施方式中，各第二支撑腿可以分别具有弯曲的端部区域，各第二支撑腿的弯曲的端部区域总共具有至少三个用于固定第二支撑板的固定部位。
在一些实施方式中，各第二支撑腿的端部区域可以朝内弯折。
在一些实施方式中，所述框架可以具有四个分布设置的第二支撑腿，每个第二支撑腿具有一个用于固定第二支撑板的固定部位。
在一些实施方式中，所述四个第二支撑腿可以关于安全带卷收器的纵轴线以均匀的角间距彼此隔开。
不言而喻，不是必然需要的是，所有的支撑腿都具有固定部位。例如在六个第二支撑腿的情况下，可以仅仅其中三个第二支撑腿分别具有一个固定部位，而另外三个第二支撑腿不具有固定部位。
在一些实施方式中，所述第一开口和第二开口可以构成为卷带筒的旋转轴承。
在一些实施方式中，所述第二开口可以构成为卷带筒的轴向止挡。
在一些实施方式中，所述第二支撑板可以构成为卷带筒或止动轮的轴向止挡。
按照一些特别有利的实施方式，安全带卷收器包括框架、卷带筒、感应单元、锁止机构和预紧装置，所述感应单元构造成用于与锁止机构共同作用；所述锁止机构具有通过第二支撑板构成的锁止板，为此，所述第二支撑板具有第三开口，所述第三开口具有内齿部；所述安全带卷收器包括止动轮，所述止动轮在卷带筒的朝向背板的轴向端部上与卷带筒抗转动地连接，所述止动轮载有所述锁止机构的可运动的锁止爪，所述锁止爪在与内齿部接合时导致止动轮在织带拉出方向上锁止；所述感应单元设置在所述第二支撑板的与背板背离的一侧上；所述预紧装置具有驱动元件和从动元件，所述从动元件在背板与第二支撑板之间抗转动地设置在止动轮上，所述预紧装置在激活时能在织带回卷方向上驱动止动轮。在该技术方案中，安全带卷收器的各个部件，特别是卷带筒、预紧装置、锁止机构和感应单元，可以容易地组装。感应单元和锁止机构以及预紧装置布置在框架的同一侧上，安全带卷收器不仅集成了丰富的功能，而且尺寸特别紧凑。
按本发明的第二方面，建议一种安全带装置，其具有织带以及按本发明的第一方面的安全带卷收器，所述织带缠绕在所述安全带卷收器的卷带筒上。
最后要指出的是，在上面提及的技术特征和在下面将要说明的技术特征以及在附图中显示的技术特征可以任意地相互组合，只要它们不是相互矛盾的。所有这些技术上可行的特征组合都是在本申请中记载的技术内容。
附图说明
下面参照附图结合具体实施方式更详细地说明本发明。示意性的附图简要说明如下：
图1是按本发明的一种实施方式的安全带卷收器的纵剖视图；并且
图2是按图1的安全带卷收器的一部分的分解图。
具体实施方式
下面参照图1和图2说明按本发明的安全带卷收器的一种实施方式。不言而喻，本发明并不限制于如图所示的具体实施方式。安全带卷收器和在图1中示意地示出的织带2作为一个总的系统，可以称为安全带装置。
如图所示的安全带卷收器包括卷带筒1和框架8，所述卷带筒1可转动地支承在框架8中并且构造成用于缠绕织带2。安全带卷收器还包括感应单元10、锁止机构4 和预紧装置7，如在前面已经提及的，它们在现有技术中本身是已知的。在此，感应单元10、锁止机构4和预紧装置7以及限力装置3都是可选项，这些结构组件之中的任意一个或多个可以根据需要被取消。所述感应单元10可以是用于感应车辆加速度、车辆倾斜角度和/或织带拉出加速度的感应单元。所述感应单元10也可以包括多个分单元，它们能分别感应上述参数之中的至少一个。在通过感应单元10感应到车辆的紧急状况例如车辆即将发生碰撞时，锁止机构4可以被感应单元10激活。
在现有技术中常见的是，感应单元和锁止机构设置在框架的一侧上，并且预紧装置设置在框架的另一侧上。与此不同，在本发明的该实施方式中，感应单元10和锁止机构4以及预紧装置7设置在框架8的同一侧上。更具体地，所述感应单元10设置在如下面还将说明的第二支撑板9的与背板8h背离的一侧上，并且至少所述预紧装置7的从动元件例如球齿轮6设置在背板8h与第二支撑板9之间。
如图2所示，所述框架8包括：背板8h，所述背板具有彼此相反的第一侧和第二侧以及具有第一开口20；两个从背板的第一侧伸出的彼此对置的第一支撑腿8a、8b；第一支撑板11，所述第一支撑板具有第二开口21并且与所述第一支撑腿的自由的端部区域连接；四个从背板的第二侧伸出的第二支撑腿8c、8d、8e、8f；和第二支撑板9，所述第二支撑板与所述第二支撑腿的自由的端部区域连接。所述第一开口20和第二开口21接纳所述卷带筒1。所述第一支撑腿8a、8b可以与背板8h一体地构成。所述第二支撑腿8c、8d、8e、8f也可以与背板8h一体地构成。
在图2中，两个第一支撑腿8a、8b关于安全带卷收器的纵轴线彼此对称，两个第一支撑腿8a、8b分别具有朝内弯曲的端部区域，每个第一支撑腿8a、8b的朝内弯曲的端部区域具有两个用于固定第一支撑板11的固定部位。第一支撑板11例如可以通过螺栓与第一支撑腿连接。
如由图2可见，所述框架8具有四个分布设置的第二支撑腿8c、8d、8e、8f，每个第二支撑腿的端部区域朝内弯折并且具有一个用于固定第二支撑板9的固定部位。所述四个第二支撑腿8c、8d、8e、8f可以关于安全带卷收器的纵轴线以均匀的角间距彼此隔开。第二支撑板9可以与第二支撑腿8c、8d、8e、8f的朝内弯曲的自由的端部区域连接，例如通过螺栓连接。
在此，作为可选项的锁止机构4有利地集成在安全带卷收器中。所述锁止机构4可以具有锁止板和未示出的可运动的锁止爪，所述锁止板通过所述第二支撑板9构成。为此，第二支撑板9可以具有第三开口19，所述第三开口可以具有内齿部。所述锁止 爪在与内齿部接合时导致安全带卷收器在织带拉出方向上被锁止。
安全带卷收器可以包括止动轮5，所述止动轮在卷带筒1的朝向背板8h的轴向端部上与卷带筒1抗转动地连接。所述锁止机构4的未示出的锁止爪可以接纳在止动轮5中，更具体地，可以接纳在止动轮5的未示出的凹部中。
所述预紧装置7可以包括抗转动地套装在止动轮5上的球齿轮6和钢球发射装置，所述钢球发射装置在激活时能发射多个钢球，所述钢球能在织带回卷方向上驱动球齿轮6，球齿轮6能带动止动轮5并且继而带动卷带筒1在织带回卷方向上转动，因此可以在需要时实现安全带卷收器的预紧功能。
在本发明的意义中，不是必需的是，整个预紧装置7完全处于背板8h与第二支撑板9之间的空间中。可以理解，整个预紧装置7的至少一部分处于背板8h与第二支撑板9之间的空间中。尤其是，预紧装置7的与止动轮5抗转动地连接的从动元件、例如球齿轮6可以完全地设置在背板8h与第二支撑板9之间的空间中。尤其是，预紧装置7的驱动元件、例如作为钢球发射装置的蛇形元件可以仅仅部分地处于背板与第二支撑板之间的空间中，或者甚至完全处于该空间之外。
特别有利的是，作为可选项的限力装置3集成在安全带卷收器中。所述限力装置3将卷带筒1与止动轮5抗转动地连接，并且所述限力装置3能在卷带筒1与止动轮5之间传递在预定阈值以下的转矩。如图1所示，所述限力装置3可以构成为扭力杆，所述扭力杆接纳在卷带筒1的空腔中，所述扭力杆能在超过预定的扭转载荷时发生塑性变形并且从而能限制在卷带筒1与止动轮5之间通过扭力杆传递的转矩。所述扭力杆具有与第一开口20相邻的第一端部3b和与第二开口21相邻的第二端部3a，所述扭力杆在其第一端部3b上与止动轮5抗转动地连接并且在其第二端部3a上与卷带筒1抗转动地连接。
如果取消如图1所示的作为可选项的限力装置3，那么作为两个单独部件的卷带筒1和止动轮5也可以通过一个一体的卷带筒代替。此时，一体的卷带筒的一部分可以承担止动轮5的功能。
也可能的是，如图1所示的预紧装置7和感应单元10互换位置。如果取消如图1所示的作为可选项的预紧装置7，那么同样作为可选项的感应单元10也可以设置在背板8h与第二支撑板9之间。
按图1和图2所示的安全带卷收器可以如下地工作：
在配备有上述安全带卷收器的车辆发生紧急状况例如即将发生碰撞或翻车时，感 应单元10可以感应到车辆的紧急状况，并且可以促使锁止机构4的锁止爪从静止位置运动离开，直至与第二支撑板9的内齿部啮合。锁止爪与内齿部啮合导致止动轮5在织带拉出方向上被止动，于是卷带筒1在织带拉出方向上被止动。因此，卷带筒1和止动轮5只允许在织带卷收方向上转动，但不允许在织带拉出方向上转动。
另外，预紧装置7被激活，例如烟火式预紧装置的气体发生器被点爆，产生的气体将容纳在蛇管中的多个钢球射出，这些钢球彼此相继地在织带回卷方向上驱动球齿轮6，球齿轮6可以在织带回卷方向上带动止动轮5并且因此带动卷带筒1。钢球发射装置可以包括蜿蜒曲折地延伸的蛇管，该蛇管在一端配设有气体发生器并且容纳多个钢球，并且在另一端对准球齿轮6。从蛇管中冲出的钢球可以冲击球齿轮的齿部并且啮合到齿部之间的球窝中。在图1中仅仅示意性地描述了蛇管的一个圆形断面。
如果在止动轮5与卷带筒1之间要通过构成为扭力杆的限力装置3传递的转矩超过预定的阈值，扭力杆可以发生塑性变形，从而限制安全带卷收器的最大载荷并且因此限制织带2的肩带力的尖峰值，防止车辆乘员因过大的肩带力尖峰值而受到伤害。
特别有利的是，第一开口20和第二开口21可以构成为卷带筒1的旋转轴承。也有利的是，第二开口21可以构成为卷带筒1的轴向止挡。另外有利的是，锁止板9可以构成为止动轮5的轴向止挡。适宜的是，在安全带卷收器的两个轴向端部上可以附加地设置侧盖，所述侧盖遮盖安全带卷收器的一些部件。
最后要指出的是，上述具体实施方式仅仅用于理解本实用新型，而不对本实用新型的保护范围构成限制。对于本领域技术人员来说，在具体实施方式的基础上可以做出修改，这些修改都不脱离本实用新型的保护范围。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种安全带卷收器，其包括框架(8)和卷带筒(1)，所述卷带筒(1)可转动地支承在框架(8)中并且构造成用于缠绕织带(2)，其特征在于，所述框架(8)包括：
    -背板(8h)，所述背板具有彼此相反的第一侧和第二侧以及具有第一开口(20)；
    -多个从背板的第一侧伸出的第一支撑腿(8a、8b)；
    -第一支撑板(11)，所述第一支撑板具有第二开口(21)并且与所述第一支撑腿的自由的端部区域连接；
    -多个从背板的第二侧伸出的第二支撑腿(8c、8d、8e、8f)；和
    -第二支撑板(9)，所述第二支撑板与所述第二支撑腿的自由的端部区域连接；
    其中，所述第一开口(20)和第二开口(21)接纳所述卷带筒(1)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的安全带卷收器，其特征在于，所述安全带卷收器包括锁止机构(4)，所述锁止机构包括可运动的锁止爪和锁止板，所述锁止板通过所述第二支撑板(9)构成，所述第二支撑板具有第三开口(19)，所述第三开口具有内齿部，所述锁止爪在与所述内齿部接合时导致卷带筒(1)在织带拉出方向上锁止；和/或
    所述安全带卷收器包括感应单元(10)，所述感应单元构造成用于与锁止机构(4)共同作用；
    优选地，所述感应单元(10)设置在所述第二支撑板(9)的与背板(8h)背离的一侧上；
    优选地，所述感应单元(10)是用于感应车辆加速度、车辆倾斜角度和/或织带拉出加速度的感应单元。
  3. 根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的安全带卷收器，其特征在于，所述安全带卷收器包括止动轮(5)，所述止动轮在卷带筒(1)的朝向背板(8h)的轴向端部上与卷带筒(1)抗转动地连接，所述止动轮载有所述锁止机构(4)的可运动的锁止爪，所述锁止爪在与所述内齿部接合时导致止动轮(5)在织带拉出方向上锁止。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的安全带卷收器，其特征在于，所述安全带卷收器包括预紧装置(7)，所述预紧装置(7)具有驱动元件和从动元件，所述从动 元件直接地或间接地相对于卷带筒(1)抗转动地设置，所述预紧装置(7)在激活时能在织带回卷方向上直接地或间接地驱动卷带筒(1)；
    优选地，所述安全带卷收器包括预紧装置(7)，所述预紧装置(7)具有驱动元件和从动元件，所述从动元件在背板(8h)与第二支撑板之间抗转动地设置在止动轮(5)上，所述预紧装置(7)在激活时能在织带回卷方向上驱动止动轮(5)；
    优选地，所述预紧装置(7)包括钢球发射装置作为驱动元件，并且包括球齿轮(6)作为从动元件，所述钢球发射装置在激活时能发射多个钢球，所述钢球能在织带回卷方向上驱动球齿轮(6)。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的安全带卷收器，其特征在于，所述安全带卷收器包括限力装置(3)，所述限力装置将卷带筒(1)与止动轮(5)抗转动地连接，并且所述限力装置(3)能在卷带筒(1)与止动轮(5)之间传递在预定阈值以下的转矩；
    优选地，所述限力装置(3)构成为扭力杆，所述扭力杆接纳在卷带筒(1)的空腔中，所述扭力杆能在超过预定的扭转载荷时发生塑性变形并且从而能限制在卷带筒(1)与止动轮(5)之间通过扭力杆传递的转矩；
    优选地，所述扭力杆具有与第一开口(20)相邻的第一端部(3b)和与第二开口(21)相邻的第二端部(3a)，所述扭力杆在其第一端部(3b)上与止动轮(5)抗转动地连接并且在其第二端部(3a)上与卷带筒(1)抗转动地连接。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的安全带卷收器，其特征在于，所述第一支撑腿(8a、8b)和/或第二支撑腿(8c、8d、8e、8f)与背板(8h)一体地构成；和/或
    各第一支撑腿(8a、8b)分别具有弯曲的端部区域，各第一支撑腿(8a、8b)的弯曲的端部区域总共具有至少三个用于固定第一支撑板(11)的固定部位；和/或
    各第一支撑腿(8a、8b)的端部区域朝内弯折；和/或
    所述框架(8)具有彼此对置的两个第一支撑腿(8a、8b)；
    优选地，所述两个第一支撑腿(8a、8b)关于安全带卷收器的纵轴线彼此对称，其中，每个第一支撑腿(8a、8b)具有两个用于固定第一支撑板(11)的固定部位。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的安全带卷收器，其特征在于，各第二支撑腿(8c、8d、8e、8f)分别具有弯曲的端部区域，各第二支撑腿(8c、8d、8e、8f)的弯曲的端部区域总共具有至少三个用于固定第二支撑板(9)的固定部位；和/或
    各第二支撑腿(8c、8d、8e、8f)的端部区域朝内弯折；和/或
    所述框架(8)具有四个分布设置的第二支撑腿(8c、8d、8e、8f)，每个第二支撑腿具有一个用于固定第二支撑板(9)的固定部位；
    优选地，所述四个第二支撑腿(8c、8d、8e、8f)关于安全带卷收器的纵轴线以均匀的角间距彼此隔开。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的安全带卷收器，其特征在于，所述第一开口(20)和第二开口(21)构成为卷带筒(1)的旋转轴承；和/或
    所述第二开口(21)构成为卷带筒(1)的轴向止挡；和/或
    所述第二支撑板构成为止动轮(5)的轴向止挡。
  9. 一种安全带装置，其具有织带，其特征在于，所述安全带装置包括根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的安全带卷收器，所述织带缠绕在所述安全带卷收器的卷带筒(1)上。
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