WO2021027055A1 - 一种具有抗霾清肺功效的罗汉果蜜及其生产方法 - Google Patents

一种具有抗霾清肺功效的罗汉果蜜及其生产方法 Download PDF

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WO2021027055A1
WO2021027055A1 PCT/CN2019/111853 CN2019111853W WO2021027055A1 WO 2021027055 A1 WO2021027055 A1 WO 2021027055A1 CN 2019111853 W CN2019111853 W CN 2019111853W WO 2021027055 A1 WO2021027055 A1 WO 2021027055A1
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han guo
luo han
parts
honey
filtrate
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PCT/CN2019/111853
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French (fr)
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李伟
黄华学
赵冠宇
刘永胜
叶桂芳
陈江林
黄�俊
贺进军
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湖南艾达伦科技有限公司
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    • A61K31/704—Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages attached to a carbocyclic compound, e.g. phloridzin attached to a condensed carbocyclic ring system, e.g. sennosides, thiocolchicosides, escin, daunorubicin
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Definitions

  • the invention relates to a momordica grosvenori extract and a production method thereof, in particular to a momordica grosvenori honey with anti-haze and lung-clearing effects and a production method thereof.
  • Luo Han Guo is mainly produced in Lingui County and Yongfu County of Guilin City, and is known as a fairy fruit.
  • the fruit of Momordica grosvenori contains mogroside, which is a sweet triterpene glucoside. The sweetness is up to 300 times sweeter than sucrose, but it does not produce calories. It is a valuable raw material in the beverage and confectionery industry. Good substitute.
  • Mogroside is a low-calorie, high-sweetness, non-nutritive, non-fermented sweetener. As a food, it is safe and non-toxic. According to the national compulsory standard "GB2760 Food Additive Use Standard", it is stipulated that Mogroside can be used in unlimited quantities For all kinds of food.
  • Luo Han Guo tea can prevent many diseases and is suitable for patients with phlegm cough and whooping cough.
  • Luo Han Guo is not only a traditional Chinese medicine for relieving cough and reducing phlegm, but also a sweet tea. Its specific effects include: clearing away heat and moisturizing the lungs, relieving throat and sound, moistening the intestines, improving immune function, protecting the liver, inhibiting bacteria, Lower blood sugar, anti-tumor, etc.
  • CN104661535A discloses a preparation method of a sweet juice composition, which uses fresh Luo Han Guo fruit as a raw material and passes through the steps of extraction with high temperature water above 60° C., clarification, cation exchange resin and anion exchange resin, and mixed bed decolorization to obtain Luo Han Guo sweet juice.
  • the method uses a large amount of cation exchange resin and anion exchange resin and mixed bed decolorization. In actual production, a large amount of sewage will be generated in the resin regeneration step, and environmental pollution is serious.
  • CN107969532A discloses a momordica grosvenori flavor instant drink and a preparation method thereof.
  • the momordica grosvenori flavor instant drink is obtained by crushing, 60-100 DEG C hot water extraction, clarification, ultrafiltration, chromatography, and concentration. This method uses a lot of steam. In the process of high-temperature extraction and high-temperature concentration, proteins and sugars will undergo a “Maillard reaction” to form dark-colored polymers, which are difficult to remove in the product, which deepens the color of the product. It will adversely affect the taste of the product.
  • CN108094772A discloses a preparation method of Momordica grosvenori juice, which uses fresh fruits of Momordica grosvenori as raw materials and undergoes ultra-high pressure enzymatic hydrolysis, ultra-high pressure enzyme inactivation, pressure filtration or centrifugation, yeast treatment, activated carbon chromatography column treatment, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and other steps. Get Luo Han Guo juice. The method has complicated steps, high equipment requirements, and high production cost, and is not suitable for industrialized batch production.
  • CN101283831 discloses a method for preparing decolorized momordica grosvenori juice and a decolorized momordica grosvenori juice prepared by the method, which uses fresh momordica grosvenori fruit as raw materials and undergoes washing, inactivation, crushing, enzyme extraction, microfiltration, concentration, resin decolorization, concentration, etc. Step to obtain decolorized Luo Han Guo juice.
  • This method also requires a large amount of decolorizing resin, which is costly and is not suitable for industrialized mass production.
  • CN1663469A discloses a preparation method of Momordica grosvenori fruit juice, which uses fresh fruits of Momordica grosvenori as raw materials, extracts by boiling water, centrifugal filtration, heating and boiling to make protein denatured and precipitated, remove bitter substances, plate and frame pressure filtration, microporous membrane filtration, nanofiltration concentration, etc. Steps to obtain Luo Han Guo juice.
  • the "Maillard reaction” will inevitably occur to produce dark polymer, and there is no subsequent decolorization step, and it is impossible to obtain the luster and pure taste of Luo Han Guo juice.
  • Mannitol is a good diuretic in medicine. It can reduce intracranial pressure, intraocular pressure and treat kidney medicine, dehydration medicine, and sugar substitute. It is also used as an excipient for tablets and a solid and liquid diluent.
  • mannitol injection is a commonly used drug for clinical rescue, especially for the rescue of brain diseases. It has the characteristics of rapid and accurate antihypertensive effect required by drugs for reducing intracranial pressure. After entering the body, mannitol can increase the plasma osmotic pressure, dehydrate the tissues, and reduce intracranial pressure and intraocular pressure.
  • Dehydration is used for brain trauma, edema caused by hypoxia in brain tissue, edema caused by extensive burns, and ascites glaucoma caused by renal failure. It can prevent and treat early acute renal insufficiency.
  • Luo Han Guo According to reports in the literature, the mannitol contained in Luo Han Guo has the effect of relieving cough and clearing lungs. Therefore, cutting Luo Han Guo into thin slices and brewing them with boiling water and drinking directly as a tea can effectively prevent chronic pharyngitis and pharyngitis.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings in the prior art, and provide a Luo Han Guo honey with anti-haze and lung-clearing effects and a production method thereof.
  • the Luo Han Guo honey has anti-haze and lung-clearing effects and has a pure honey smell.
  • the taste is sweet, the taste is saturated, there is no bitterness and metallic taste, and the taste is very similar to that of sucrose; there is no decolorization step in the production method, no decolorization resin is required, the amount of steam is small, the process is simple, the operability is strong, and the cost is low. Suitable for industrialized mass production.
  • a momordica grosvenori honey with anti-haze and lung-clearing effects including mogroside V, mogrosides, glucose, fructose, sucrose, mannitol and water.
  • it comprises 0.1 to 15.0 parts of mogroside V, 0.15 to 30.0 parts of mogrosides, 5.0 to 30.0 parts of glucose, 5.0 to 30.0 parts of fructose, 0.1 to 30 parts of sucrose, 0.1 to 15.0 parts of mannitol and 20 to 60 parts of water.
  • the Momordica grosvenori honey is extracted from the fresh fruits of Momordica grosvenori, and by weight, it comprises: 3.0 to 5.0 parts of mogroside V, 5.0 to 7.0 parts of mogrosides, 20.0 to 25.0 parts of glucose, 10.0 to 15.0 parts of fructose, and 10 to 15 parts. Parts of sucrose, 2 to 3 parts of mannitol, and 25 to 53 parts of water.
  • the "mogroside total glycosides” includes mogroside V, and also includes one or more of mogrosides such as mogroside 11-oxyglycoside V, mogroside III, mogroside IV, and saimenoside.
  • the component raw materials of the Momordica grosvenori honey with anti-haze and lung-clearing effects of the present invention can be obtained through conventional commercial channels. Therefore, the preparation can be made by weighing and mixing each raw material component according to the components and proportions. However, the following production method of the present invention is preferred.
  • the desalinated liquid is concentrated under reduced pressure with an evaporator to obtain the Luo Han Guo honey; the evaporator is preferably a five-effect falling film evaporator.
  • the juice extraction process does not require heating, and is the most energy-saving method for collecting Luo Han juice and its water-soluble components; While most of them are squeezed out, it can also prevent the unhealthy flavor substances (bitter and astringent) and pigments released by the Luo Han Guo seeds from being mixed into the juice, which will affect the taste and flavor of the final product; use cold water with the Luo Han Guo husks and seeds
  • the purpose of percolation extraction is to extract the remaining sweet glycosides and other water-soluble components on the surface of the juice-extracted pomace-Luo Han Guo husk and fruit seeds, to ensure the yield of sweet glycosides and other water-soluble components.
  • the temperature of the cold water is 0-30°C.
  • the amount of the cold water is 0.5 to 1.2 times the weight of the fresh fruit of Luo Han Guo, and the flow rate of percolation is 0.2 to 1.2 BV/hour.
  • the percolation process if the amount of pure water is too small or the percolation flow rate is too fast, the glycosides and other water-soluble components remaining on the surface of the husk and fruit seeds of Luo Han Guo cannot be completely leached, resulting in a low yield; if Too much pure water consumption or too slow percolation flow rate will cause waste of materials and energy.
  • the amount of the cold water is 0.8-1 times the weight of the fresh fruit of Luo Han Guo, and the flow rate of the permeate is 0.6-1.0 BV/h.
  • the amount of calcium hydroxide is 0.01%-10% of the weight of the fresh fruit of Luo Han Guo, and the pH value is adjusted to 8.6-13.0.
  • One purpose of adding calcium hydroxide is to flocculate and precipitate the pectin in the Luo Han Guo extract; the second purpose is to denature and precipitate the peptides, proteins and enzymes in the Luo Han Guo extract to remove the jerky taste of the fresh Luo Han Guo fruit. . If the dosage of calcium hydroxide is too small or the adjusted pH value is too low, the above purpose cannot be achieved; if the dosage of calcium hydroxide is too much or the adjusted pH value is too high, it will cause waste of materials and energy.
  • step (2) the amount of calcium hydroxide is 2 to 4% of the weight of the fresh fruit of Luo Han Guo, and the pH is adjusted to 11.5 to 12.5.
  • the pH value of the carbon dioxide or air adjustment is 6.5-8.5.
  • one of the purposes is to neutralize the alkali in the flocculation liquid; the second purpose is to convert free calcium ions in the flocculation liquid into calcium carbonate precipitation, thereby reducing the processing of subsequent desalination steps the amount. If the adjusted pH value is too high, the above purpose will not be achieved; if the adjusted pH value is too low, not only will it cause waste of materials and energy, the formed calcium carbonate precipitate will also react with excess carbon dioxide to form water-soluble hydrogen carbonate Calcium also cannot achieve the above-mentioned purpose.
  • the molecular weight cut-off of the nanofiltration membrane is 80-250Da
  • the filtration pressure is 0.5-1.2MPa
  • the conductivity of the nanofiltration to the retentate is 0.1-20us/cm (25°C) .
  • the purpose of using nanofiltration membrane filtration is to remove the salt in the neutralized filtrate.
  • the molecular weight cut-off of the nanofiltration membrane is too small, the filtration pressure is too low, or the conductivity of the nanofiltration retentate is too high, the salt cannot be completely removed; if the molecular weight cut-off of the nanofiltration membrane is too large or the filtration pressure is too high, It may cause the water-soluble components (organic substances such as sugars) in Luo Han Guo to pass through the nanofiltration membrane, resulting in a low yield of Luo Han Guo honey.
  • the molecular weight cut-off of the nanofiltration membrane is 100 to 200 Da, and the filtration pressure is 0.6 to 1 MPa.
  • the first effect and last effect evaporation temperatures of the five-effect falling film evaporator are 60-65°C and 40-45°C in sequence. The purpose of using the five-effect falling film evaporator is to save steam energy consumption, complete the concentration process at low temperature in a short time, and prevent the flavor components in Luo Han Guo honey from gelatinizing and coking due to long-term high temperature during the concentration process. Or decompose to preserve the good flavor of Luo Han Guo honey to the greatest extent.
  • the mechanism of the method of the present invention the extraction method combining "extruding juice” and "cold water percolation” that only breaks the husk and does not break the seeds, makes the water-soluble components in the fresh fruit of Luo Han Guo high leaching rate, but the pigment leaching Very few; in addition, the whole process has no high-temperature extraction, high-temperature cooking or high-temperature concentration steps.
  • the proteins and peptides in the Luo Han Guo extract are unlikely to "Maillard reaction" with sugars to form dark polymers, so The method of the present invention does not need to be decolorized, and can obtain the luscious, clear and transparent Luo Han Guo honey.
  • Momordica grosvenori honey of the present invention not only includes sweet substances such as mogroside V, total glycosides, sucrose, fructose and glucose, but also mannitol, which has its own lung-clearing effect.
  • the dose of mannitol has a better lung-clearing effect, and also has an excellent anti-haze effect;
  • the Momordica grosvenori produced by the method of the present invention is a colorless, light yellow or brownish-yellow, clear, transparent and thick liquid without decolorization, avoiding the use of decolorizing resin, reducing production costs, and avoiding the production of decolorizing resin regeneration process A lot of sewage;
  • the Momordica grosvenori honey produced by the method of the present invention contains a variety of nutrients such as mogroside V, glucose, fructose, sucrose and mannitol, etc. It has the effect of anti-haze and clearing the lung, and can be used in food, medicine, condiment, health care In products, cosmetics and flavors and fragrances, and its light color, pure smell, sweet taste, saturated taste, no bitterness and metallic taste, taste very similar to sucrose, and can also be eaten directly;
  • nutrients such as mogroside V, glucose, fructose, sucrose and mannitol, etc. It has the effect of anti-haze and clearing the lung, and can be used in food, medicine, condiment, health care In products, cosmetics and flavors and fragrances, and its light color, pure smell, sweet taste, saturated taste, no bitterness and metallic taste, taste very similar to sucrose, and can also be eaten directly;
  • the production method of the present invention has simple process, strong operability, low cost, safety and environmental protection, and is suitable for industrialized mass production.
  • the fresh mangosteen fruit used in the embodiment of the present invention undergoes the steps of picking and washing before juice extraction, and the selection criterion is: selecting the fresh mangosteen fruit that is complete and fully saccharified.
  • the fresh mogroside used in the examples of the present invention was purchased from the organic mogroside planting base of Hunan Huacheng Biological Resources Co., Ltd., and the content of mogroside V was 0.47%; in Example 4 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the mogroside used V and Luo Han Guo total glycosides were purchased from Hunan Huacheng Biological Resources Co., Ltd.
  • the contents of mogroside V and total glycosides are determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) external standard method, the contents of sugars and mannitol are detected by HPLC differential refractive index detector, and the conductivity is determined by conductivity meter.
  • HPLC high performance liquid chromatography
  • Juicing and percolation Use the squeezing juicer to squeeze the fresh fruit of Luo Han Guo (1000 kg), and collect the juice without breaking the husk but not the seeds. Put the Luo Han Guo pomace into the percolator and use 1000 kg of cold water. (20°C) percolation extraction, the percolation flow rate is 1.0 BV/hour to obtain percolation; combine the juice and percolation to obtain the Luo Han Guo extract;
  • the Luo Han Guo honey is a light yellow, clear and transparent thick liquid.
  • the content of mogroside V is 4.50%
  • the content of mogroside is 7.05%
  • the content of glucose is 23.5%
  • the content of fructose is 19.3%
  • the content of sucrose is 13.1%
  • the content of mannitol is 3.2%.
  • the water content is 29.7%.
  • Juicing and percolation Use the squeezing juicer to squeeze the fresh fruit of Luo Han Guo (2000kg) at room temperature. Only the husks and seeds are not broken to collect the juice; put the pomace in the percolator and use 1600kg cold water (25°C) percolation extraction, percolation flow rate is 0.6BV/hour, get percolation liquid; combine juice and percolation liquid to obtain Luo Han Guo extract;
  • the Luo Han Guo honey is a brown, clear and transparent thick liquid.
  • the content of mogroside V is 3.82%, the content of mogroside V is 6.11%, the content of glucose is 22.6%, the content of fructose is 18.1%, the content of sucrose is 11.5%, and the content of mannitol is 2.8%.
  • the water content is 31.5%.
  • Juicing and percolation Use the squeezing juicer to squeeze the fresh fruit of Luo Han Guo (1500kg), only break the husk, not the seeds, and collect the juice; put the husk into the percolator and use 1500kg cold water ( 5°C) percolation extraction, the percolation flow rate is 0.8 BV/hour to obtain percolate; the juice and percolate are combined to obtain the Luo Han Guo extract.
  • the Luo Han Guo honey is a light yellow, clear and transparent thick liquid.
  • the content of mogroside V is 3.52%
  • the content of mogroside V is 5.43%
  • the content of glucose is 20.2%
  • the content of fructose is 18.9%
  • the content of sucrose is 10.2%
  • the content of mannitol is 2.5%.
  • the water content is 34.8%.
  • mogrosides including 352 g of mogroside V, and mainly mogroside III and mogroside IV
  • Mogrosides mainly containing Mogroside III and Mogroside IV
  • 2020g glucose mainly containing Mogroside III and Mogroside IV
  • 1890g fructose 1020g sucrose
  • 250g mannitol mainly containing Mogroside III and Mogroside IV
  • 4629g water
  • mogrosides including 352 g of mogroside V, and the rest are mainly mogroside III and mogroside IV
  • Luo Han Guo honey of Examples 3 and 4 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were used for efficacy verification tests in winter in haze areas.
  • the experiment content is as follows:
  • Example 3 Example 4, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, with 50 people in each group, taking Example 3, Example 4, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example respectively
  • the momordica grosvenori honey in 2 is taken every morning after breakfast. Take 10g of momordica grosvenori honey and dissolve it in 200mL each time. Volunteers are asked to record the number of coughs and symptoms per day, and staff will follow up regularly. The test duration lasts for 30 days.
  • Recovery means that the number of coughs is less than 2 to 3 times/day, chest tightness disappears and breathing is smooth; markedly effective means that the number of coughs is significantly reduced, chest tightness is reduced, and breathing is slightly unobstructed; invalid means that the standard of markedly effect is not reached.
  • Example 4 Referring to the results in Table 1, comparing the data of Example 3 and Example 4, it can be seen that the Luo Han Guo honey prepared from Luo Han Guo has better anti-haze and lung-clearing effects than the formulated Luo Han Guo honey, which may be due to the retention during the extraction process. Some anti-haze and lung-clearing active substances; the number of recovered and markedly effective people in the Example 4 group is far more than the cured and markedly effective people in the comparative example 1 group and the comparative example 2 group, while the volunteers in the comparative example 2 group recovered And the total number of people with significant effect is only 6 people. It can be seen that Luo Han Guo honey without mannitol has almost no lung-clearing and anti-haze effect. It can be seen that the mannitol and mogroside V in the Luo Han Guo honey of Example 4 have a synergistic effect, which significantly improves the lung-clearing effect. Anti-haze effect.

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Abstract

公开了一种罗汉果蜜及其制备方法。该罗汉果蜜包括罗汉果苷V、罗汉果总苷、葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、甘露醇和水。其制备方法为：将罗汉果榨汁，冷水渗漉提取果渣得渗漉液，合并果汁和渗漉液得提取液，向提取液中加入氢氧化钙，调节pH值至碱性，产生沉淀，静置后离心，收集离心滤液得絮凝滤液，向滤液中通入二氧化碳或空气，调节pH值至中性，产生沉淀，静置后离心，收集滤液得中和滤液，纳滤中和滤液，收集截留液，得脱盐液，然后减压浓缩。

Description

一种具有抗霾清肺功效的罗汉果蜜及其生产方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种罗汉果提取物及其生产方法，具体涉及一种具有抗霾清肺功效的罗汉果蜜及其生产方法。
背景技术
罗汉果主要产于桂林市的临桂县和永福县，被人们誉为神仙果。罗汉果的果实含有罗汉果甜苷，是一种具有甜味的三萜烯葡萄糖苷，甜度最高比蔗糖甜300倍，但是不产生热量，是一种饮料、糖果行业的名贵原料，是蔗糖的最佳替代品。
罗汉果甜苷属低热量、高甜度、非营养、非发酵型的甜味剂，作为食品，是安全无毒的，在国家强制标准《GB2760食品添加剂使用标准》中规定，罗汉果甜可不限量用于各类食品。
常饮罗汉果茶可以防多种疾病，适用于痰多咳嗽以及百日咳患者饮用。罗汉果不仅是一种止咳化痰的中药，更是一种口味甘甜的茶饮，具体的功效包括：清热润肺、利咽开音、润肠通便、提高免疫功能、保护肝脏、抑菌、降血糖、抗肿瘤等。
国内对罗汉果提取物尤其是罗汉果果汁的研究，随着提取、分离技术的革新，已经日益成熟。
CN104661535A公开了一种甜汁组合物的制备方法，是以罗汉果鲜果为原料，经60℃以上高温水提取、澄清、阳离子交换树脂与阴离子交换树脂以及混合床脱色等步骤，得到罗汉果甜汁。该方法大量使用了阳离子交换树脂与阴离子交换树脂以及混合床脱色，实际生产中在树脂再生步骤将产生大量的污水，环境污染严重。
CN107969532A公开了一种罗汉果风味速溶饮品及其制备方法，是以罗汉果鲜果为原料，经破碎、60～100℃热水提取、澄清、超滤、层析、浓缩等步骤，得到罗汉果风味速溶饮品。该方法大量使用了蒸汽，在高温提取以及高温浓缩的过程中，蛋白质和糖类将发生“美拉德反应”，生成深色的聚合物，残留在产品中难以除去，既加深了产品色泽，又会对产品口感有不利的影响。
CN108094772A公开了一种罗汉果果汁制备方法，是以罗汉果鲜果为原料，经超高压酶解、超高压灭酶、压滤或离心、酵母处理、活性炭层析柱处理、超滤、纳滤等步骤，得到罗汉果果汁。该方法步骤繁琐、对设备要求高、生产成本高，不适宜工业化批量生产。
CN101283831公开了一种脱色罗汉果果汁制备方法及由所述方法制备的脱色罗汉果果汁，是以罗汉果鲜果为原料，经水洗、灭活、破碎、加酶提取、微滤、浓缩、树脂脱色、 浓缩等步骤，得到脱色罗汉果果汁。该方法同样需要大量的脱色树脂，成本高昂，不适宜工业化批量生产。
CN1663469A公开了一种罗汉果果汁制备方法，是以罗汉果鲜果为原料，经沸水提取、离心过滤、加热沸腾使蛋白变性沉淀、脱除苦味物质、板框压滤、微孔膜过滤、纳滤浓缩等步骤，得到罗汉果果汁。该方法在沸水提取步骤，不可避免的将发生“美拉德反应”，生成深色的聚合物，且后续无脱色的步骤，无法得到色泽浅、滋味纯正的罗汉果果汁。
上述技术的侧重点，都是围绕罗汉果中的主要甜味成分——罗汉果甜苷——进行研究的。然而，罗汉果中还有一个重要的活性成分，一直被忽略，那就是甘露醇。
甘露醇在医药上是良好的利尿剂，可降低颅内压、眼内压及治疗肾药、脱水药、食糖代用品，也用作药片的赋形剂及固体、液体的稀释剂。甘露醇注射液作为高渗降压药，是临床抢救特别是脑部疾患抢救常用的一种药，具有降低颅内压药物所要求的降压快疗效准确的特点。甘露醇进入体内后能提高血浆渗透压，使组织脱水，可降低颅内压和眼内压，从肾小球滤过后，不易被肾上球重吸收，使尿渗透压增高，带出大量水分而脱水，用于颅脑外伤、脑组织缺氧引起的水肿，大面积烧伤后引起的水肿，肾功能衰竭引起的腹水青光眼。并可防治早期急性肾功能不全。
据文献报道，罗汉果含有的甘露醇成分有止咳、清肺的作用。因此，将罗汉果切薄片用开水冲泡，作为茶饮直接饮用，能够有效预防慢性咽炎及咽喉炎。
随着社会的发展，高密度人口的经济及社会活动必然会排放大量细颗粒物(PM 2.5)，一旦排放超过大气循环能力和承载度，细颗粒物浓度将持续积聚，此时如果受静稳天气等影响，极易出现大范围的雾霾。2013年，雾霾横扫中华大地，当年元月份，4次雾霾过程笼罩了中国的30个省(区、市)。有报告显示，中国最大的500个城市中，只有不到1％的城市达到世界卫生组织推荐的空气质量标准，与此同时，世界上污染最严重的10个城市有7个在中国。中国的首都北京，深受雾霾之害。据北京市卫生局统计，每次出现重度雾霾的天气，来市属各大医院的呼吸科就诊的患者就增加2-5成。雾霾更深层次的危害，是还能影响人类的生育和婴幼儿的健康。专家称，在胚胎和婴幼儿时期暴露在高浓度空气污染物的动物，相比较成年时期暴露在污染环境里的群体的生育力有显著下降。
罗汉果是我国特有的一种植物，是卫生部首批公布的药食两用名贵的中药材，其本身具有清热润肺、提高免疫功能等诸多功效。因此，因地制宜，以罗汉果为原料，研制一种具有抗霾清肺功效的罗汉果蜜迫在眉睫，意义深远。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是，克服现有技术存在的上述缺陷，提供一种具有抗霾清 肺功效的罗汉果蜜及其生产方法，该罗汉果蜜具有抗霾清肺功效，且蜜气味纯正，滋味甜美，口感饱和、无苦涩味和金属味，口感与蔗糖极其相似；该生产方法中无脱色步骤，无需使用脱色树脂，蒸汽的用量少，且工艺简单，可操作性强，成本低廉，适合工业化批量生产。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案如下：
一种具有抗霾清肺功效的罗汉果蜜，包括罗汉果苷V、罗汉果总苷、葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、甘露醇和水。
优选的，包括0.1～15.0份罗汉果苷V、0.15～30.0份罗汉果总苷、5.0～30.0份葡萄糖、5.0～30.0份果糖、0.1～30份蔗糖、0.1～15.0份甘露醇和20～60份水。
优选的，所述罗汉果蜜提取自罗汉果鲜果，按重量计，其包括：3.0～5.0份罗汉果苷V、5.0～7.0份罗汉果总苷、20.0～25.0份葡萄糖、10.0～15.0份果糖、10～15份蔗糖、2～3份甘露醇和25～53份水。
所述“罗汉果总苷”包括罗汉果苷V，且还包括罗汉果11-氧基苷V、罗汉果苷III、罗汉果苷IV、赛门苷等罗汉果苷中的一种或多种。
本发明具有抗霾清肺功效的罗汉果蜜的组分原料，均可通过常规商业途径得到。因此，其制备，可以按所述组分、配比，称取各原料组分，混配而成。但优选本发明下述生产法方法。
本发明具有抗霾清肺功效的罗汉果蜜的生产方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)榨汁与渗漉：将罗汉果鲜果榨汁，只破果壳、不破果籽，分别收集果汁和果渣；然后采用冷水对果渣进行渗漉提取，得渗漉液；合并鲜果果汁和渗漉液，得罗汉果提取液；优选采用挤压式榨汁机榨汁；
(2)絮凝与灭酶：向罗汉果提取液中加入氢氧化钙，调节pH值至碱性，产生沉淀，静置，离心，收集离心滤液，得絮凝滤液；
(3)中和与沉淀：往絮凝滤液中通入二氧化碳或空气，调节pH值至中性，产生沉淀，静置，离心，收集离心滤液，得中和滤液；
(4)脱盐：将中和滤液用纳滤膜过滤，收集截留液，得脱盐液；
(5)浓缩：将脱盐液用蒸发器减压浓缩，得所述罗汉果蜜；所述蒸发器优选采用五效降膜式蒸发器。
优选采用挤压式榨汁机榨汁，榨汁过程无需加热，是收集罗汉果汁以及其中的水溶性成分最为节能的方法；榨汁的过程只破果壳、不破果籽，能够确保在果汁绝大部分榨出的同时，还可避免罗汉果籽被破碎后释放的不良风味物质(苦、涩味)以及色素等成分混入 果汁，影响最终产品的口感和风味；将罗汉果果壳和果籽用冷水渗漉提取的目的，是将榨汁后的果渣——罗汉果果壳和果籽——表面残留的甜苷及其他水溶性成分浸出，以确保甜苷及其他水溶性成分的得率。
优选的，步骤(1)中，所述冷水的温度为0～30℃。
优选地，步骤(2)中，所述冷水的用量为罗汉果鲜果重量的0.5～1.2倍，渗漉的流速为0.2～1.2BV/小时。渗漉过程中，若纯水的用量过少或渗漉的流速过快，都将导致罗汉果果壳和果籽表面残留的甜苷及其他水溶性成分无法彻底浸出，造成得率偏低；若纯水的用量过多或渗漉的流速过慢，都将造成物料和能源的浪费。更为优选的，步骤(1)中，所述冷水的用量为罗汉果鲜果重量的0.8～1倍，所述渗漉液的流速为0.6～1.0BV/h。
优选地，步骤(2)中，所述氢氧化钙的用量为罗汉果鲜果重量的0.01％～10％，调节pH值为8.6～13.0。加入氢氧化钙，目的之一是将罗汉果提取液中的果胶絮凝并沉淀；目的之二是将罗汉果提取液中的多肽、蛋白质和酶类等成分变性并沉淀，除去罗汉果鲜果本身的生涩味。若氢氧化钙的用量过少或调节的pH值过低，都无法达到上述目的；若氢氧化钙的用量过多或调节的pH值过高，都将造成物料和能源的浪费。
更为优选的，步骤(2)中，所述氢氧化钙的用量为罗汉果鲜果重量的2～4％，调节pH值为11.5～12.5。
优选地，步骤(3)中，所述通入二氧化碳或空气调节的pH值为6.5～8.5。使用二氧化碳或空气调节pH值至中性，目的之一是中和絮凝液液中的碱；目的之二是使絮凝液中游离的钙离子转化为碳酸钙沉淀，从而减小后续脱盐步骤的处理量。若调节的pH值过高，将无法达到上述目的；若调节的pH值过低，不但会造成物料和能源的浪费，生成的碳酸钙沉淀还将与过量的二氧化碳反应生成溶于水的碳酸氢钙，同样无法达到上述目的。
优选地，步骤(4)中，所述纳滤膜的截留分子量为80～250Da，过滤的压力为0.5～1.2MPa，纳滤至截留液中的电导率为0.1～20us/cm(25℃)。使用纳滤膜过滤的目的，是除去中和滤液中的盐分。若纳滤膜的截留分子量过小、过滤的压力过低或纳滤截留液的电导率过高，都不能将盐分彻底的除去；若纳滤膜的截留分子量过大或过滤的压力过高，都有可能导致罗汉果中的水溶性成分(糖类等有机物)透过纳滤膜，造成罗汉果蜜的得率偏低。
更为优选的，步骤(4)中，所述纳滤膜的截留分子量为100～200Da，过滤的压力为0.6～1MPa。优选地，步骤(5)中，所述五效降膜式蒸发器的首效和末效蒸发温度依次为60～65℃、40～45℃。使用五效降膜式蒸发器的目的是，节约蒸汽能耗，在低温下、短时间完成浓缩的过程，防止浓缩过程中，罗汉果蜜中的风味成分因长时间在高温下发生糊化、 焦化或分解，最大程度的保留罗汉果蜜的良好风味。
所述具有抗霾清肺功效的罗汉果蜜或所述生产方法制备的罗汉果蜜在制备食品、药品、调味品、保健品、化妆品和/或香精香料中的应用。本发明方法的机理：采用只破果壳、不破果籽的“挤压式榨汁”以及“冷水渗漉”结合的提取方式，使得罗汉果鲜果中的水溶性成分浸出率高，但是色素的浸出极少；此外，整个工艺过程无高温提取、高温蒸煮或高温浓缩的步骤，罗汉果浸出物中的蛋白质、多肽等不可能与糖类发生“美拉德反应”，生成深色的聚合物，因此，本发明方法不需要脱色，就可以得到色泽浅、澄清透明的罗汉果蜜。
本发明的有益效果如下：
(1)本发明罗汉果蜜不仅包括罗汉果苷V、罗汉果总苷、蔗糖、果糖和葡萄糖等甜味物质，还包括具有本身清肺作用的甘露醇，研究发现，本发明的罗汉果蜜相比于同剂量的甘露醇，具有更为优异清肺作用，且还具有优异的抗霾作用；
(2)使用本发明方法生产的罗汉果密呈无色、淡黄色或棕黄色的澄清透明浓稠液体，无需脱色，避免了脱色树脂的使用，降低了生产成本，且避免了脱色树脂再生过程产生大量的污水；
(3)本发明生产方法的优选方案中，“挤压式榨汁”与“冷水渗漉”两种提取方式的结合，以及五效降膜式蒸发器的运用，使得生产过程中蒸汽的用量极少，大幅度的节约了能耗；
(4)本发明方法生产的罗汉果蜜，含多种营养物质如罗汉果苷V、葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖以及甘露醇等，具有抗霾清肺的功效，可应用于食品、药品、调味品、保健品、化妆品和香精香料中，且其色泽浅，气味纯正，滋味甜美，口感饱和、无苦涩味和金属味，口感与蔗糖极其相似，也可直接食用；
(5)本发明生产方法工艺简单，可操作性强，成本低廉，安全环保，适合工业化批量生产。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
本发明实施例采用的罗汉果鲜果在榨汁前经挑拣和清洗步骤，挑拣的标准为：选择完整且糖化完全的罗汉果鲜果。
本发明实施例所用的罗汉果鲜果，购于湖南华诚生物资源股份有限公司有机罗汉果种植基地，其中，罗汉果苷V的含量为0.47％；实施例4和对比例1、2中，使用的罗汉果苷V和罗汉果总苷均购买于湖南华诚生物资源有限公司。
本发明实施例所使用的化学试剂，如无特殊说明，均通过常规商业途径获得。
实施例中，采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)外标法测定罗汉果苷V和总苷的含量，采用HPLC示差折光检测器检测糖类和甘露醇的含量，采用电导率测定仪测定电导率。
实施例1
本实施例包括以下步骤：
(1)榨汁与渗漉：将罗汉果鲜果(1000kg)用挤压式榨汁机榨汁，只破果壳、不破果籽，收集果汁；将罗汉果果渣投入渗漉器中，用1000kg冷水(20℃)渗漉提取，渗漉的流速为1.0BV/小时，得渗漉液；合并果汁和渗漉液，得罗汉果提取液；
(2)絮凝与灭酶：向罗汉果提取液中加入20kg氢氧化钙，调节pH值至11.5，产生沉淀，静置，离心，收集离心滤液，得絮凝滤液；
(3)中和与沉淀：向絮凝滤液中通入二氧化碳，调节pH值至7.0，产生沉淀，静置，离心，收集离心滤液，得中和滤液；
(4)脱盐：将中和滤液用截留分子量为100Da的纳滤膜过滤，过滤的压力为1.0MPa，直至纳滤截留液中的电导率为10us/cm(25℃)，停止过滤。收集纳滤膜截留液，得脱盐液；
(5)浓缩：将脱盐液用五效降膜式蒸发器减压浓缩，五效降膜式蒸发器的首效和末效蒸发温度依次为63℃、45℃，浓缩至固形物的质量百分含量为70.3％，得罗汉果蜜99.2kg。
该罗汉果蜜为淡黄色、澄清透明的浓稠液体。经检测，罗汉果苷V的含量为4.50％，罗汉果总苷的含量为7.05％，葡萄糖的含量为23.5％，果糖的含量为19.3％，蔗糖的含量为13.1％，甘露醇的含量为3.2％，水的含量为29.7％。
实施例2
本实施例包括以下步骤：
(1)榨汁与渗漉：将罗汉果鲜果(2000kg)在室温下用挤压式榨汁机榨汁，只破果壳、不破果籽，收集果汁；将果渣投入渗漉器中，用1600kg冷水(25℃)渗漉提取，渗漉的流速为0.6BV/小时，得渗漉液；合并果汁和渗漉液，得罗汉果提取液；
(2)絮凝与灭酶：向罗汉果提取液中加入80kg氢氧化钙，调节pH值至12.5，产生大量沉淀，静置，离心，收集离心滤液，得絮凝滤液；
(3)中和与沉淀：向絮凝滤液中通入空气，调节pH值至8.2，产生沉淀，静置，离心，收集离心滤液，得中和滤液；
(4)脱盐：将中和滤液用截留分子量为200Da的纳滤膜过滤，过滤的压力为0.6MPa，直至纳滤截留液中的电导率为20us/cm(25℃)，停止过滤，收集纳滤膜截留液，得脱盐 液。
(5)浓缩：将脱盐液用五效降膜式蒸发器减压浓缩，五效降膜式蒸发器的首效和末效蒸发温度依次为62℃、40℃，浓缩至固形物的含量为68.5％，得罗汉果蜜226.4kg。
该罗汉果蜜为棕黄色、澄清透明的浓稠液体。经检测，罗汉果苷V的含量为3.82％，罗汉果总苷的含量为6.11％，葡萄糖的含量为22.6％，果糖的含量为18.1％，蔗糖的含量为11.5％，甘露醇的含量为2.8％，水的含量为31.5％。
实施例3
本实施例包括以下步骤：
(1)榨汁与渗漉：将罗汉果鲜果(1500kg)用挤压式榨汁机榨汁，只破果壳、不破果籽，收集果汁；将果壳投入渗漉器中，用1500kg冷水(5℃)渗漉提取，渗漉的流速为0.8BV/小时，得渗漉液；合并果汁和渗漉液，得罗汉果提取液。
(2)絮凝与灭酶：往罗汉果提取液中加入50kg氢氧化钙，调节pH值至12.0，产生大量沉淀，静置，离心，收集离心滤液，得絮凝滤液。
(3)中和与沉淀：往絮凝滤液中通入二氧化碳气体，调节pH值至7.5，产生沉淀，静置，离心，收集离心滤液，得中和滤液。
(4)脱盐：将中和滤液用截留分子量为150Da的纳滤膜过滤，过滤的压力为0.9MPa，直至纳滤截留液中的电导率为15us/cm(25℃)，停止过滤，收集纳滤膜截留液，得脱盐液。
(5)浓缩：将脱盐液用五效降膜式蒸发器减压浓缩，五效降膜式蒸发器的首效和末效蒸发温度依次为65℃、42℃，浓缩至固形物的含量为65.2％，得罗汉果蜜182.3kg。
该罗汉果蜜为淡黄色、澄清透明的浓稠液体。经检测，罗汉果苷V的含量为3.52％，罗汉果总苷的含量为5.43％，葡萄糖的含量为20.2％，果糖的含量为18.9％，蔗糖的含量为10.2％，甘露醇的含量为2.5％，水的含量为34.8％。
实施例4
称取543g罗汉果总苷(其中含有352g罗汉果苷V，余下主要为罗汉果苷III和罗汉果苷IV)、2020g葡萄糖、1890g果糖、1020g蔗糖、250g甘露醇和4277g水，混配形成所述罗汉果蜜。
对比例1
称取191g份罗汉果总苷(其中主要含罗汉果苷III和罗汉果苷IV)、2020g葡萄糖、1890g果糖、1020g蔗糖、250g甘露醇和4629g水，混配形成罗汉果蜜。
对比例2
称取543g罗汉果总苷(其中含有352g罗汉果苷V，余下主要为罗汉果苷III和罗汉果苷IV)、2020g葡萄糖、1890g果糖、1020g蔗糖和4527g水，混配形成罗汉果蜜。
为进一步证明本发明罗汉果蜜的抗霾清肺功效，取实施例3、4与对比例1、2的罗汉果蜜进行在雾霾地区的冬季进行功效验证试验。实验内容如下：
1.志愿者的选择：
选取因天气原因引起频繁咳嗽、胸闷、呼吸不通畅的户外工作人员200名，其中男女各100名，环卫工人40名，建筑工地工人100名，外卖骑手60名；
2.实验分组和实验方法：
将上述志愿者划分为实施例3组、实施例4组、对比例1组和对比例2组四个组，每组50人，分别服用实施例3、实施例4、对比例1和对比例2中的罗汉果蜜，于每日早饭后服用，每次取10g罗汉果蜜溶解于200mL，并请志愿者记录每日咳嗽次数及症状，且有工作人员定期随访，试验时间持续30天。
3.实验结果：
实验完成后，将数据总结，其结果如下表所示：
表1 各罗汉果蜜的抗霾清肺功效实验结果
Figure PCTCN2019111853-appb-000001
注：痊愈是指咳嗽次数低于2～3次/天，胸闷消失且呼吸顺畅；显效是指咳嗽次数明显减少，胸闷减轻，呼吸略通畅；无效是指达不到显效标准。
参见表1的结果，对比实施例3和实施例4的数据可知，以罗汉果为原料制备的罗汉果蜜相较于配制的罗汉果蜜的抗霾清肺功效更为优异，可能是因为提取过程中保留了某些抗霾清肺的活性物质；实施例4组的痊愈人数以及显效人数远多于对比例1组和对比例2组中痊愈人数和显效人数，而对比例2组的志愿者的痊愈和显效总人数仅6人，可见不含甘露醇的罗汉果蜜几乎无清肺抗霾功效，由此可见，实施例4的罗汉果蜜中的甘露醇和罗汉果苷V具有协同作用，显著提高其清肺抗霾的功效。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种具有抗霾清肺功效的罗汉果蜜，其特征在于，包括罗汉果苷V、罗汉果总苷、葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、甘露醇和水。
  2. 一种具有抗霾清肺功效的罗汉果蜜，其特征在于，按重量计，包括0.1～15.0份罗汉果苷V、0.15～30.0份罗汉果总苷、5.0～30.0份葡萄糖、5.0～30.0份果糖、0.1～30份蔗糖、0.1～15.0份甘露醇和20.0～60.0份水。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述具有抗霾清肺功效的罗汉果蜜，其特征在于，所述罗汉果蜜提取自罗汉果鲜果，按重量计，其包括：3.0～5.0份罗汉果苷V、5.0～7.0份罗汉果总苷、20.0～25.0份葡萄糖、10.0～15.0份果糖、10～15份蔗糖、2～3份甘露醇和25.0～53.0份水。
  4. 一种具有抗霾清肺功效的罗汉果蜜的生产方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    (1)榨汁与渗漉：将罗汉果鲜果榨汁，只破果壳、不破果籽，分别收集果汁和果渣；然后采用冷水对果渣进行渗漉提取，得渗漉液；合并果汁和渗漉液，得罗汉果提取液，优选采用挤压式榨汁机榨汁；
    (2)絮凝与灭酶：向罗汉果提取液中加入氢氧化钙，调节pH值至碱性，产生沉淀，静置，离心，收集离心滤液，得絮凝滤液；
    (3)中和与沉淀：向絮凝滤液中通入二氧化碳或空气，调节pH值至中性，产生沉淀，静置，离心，收集离心滤液，得中和滤液；
    (4)脱盐：将中和滤液用纳滤膜过滤，收集截留液，得脱盐液；
    (5)浓缩：将脱盐液用蒸发器减压浓缩，得罗汉果蜜；所述蒸发器五效降膜式蒸发器。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述具有抗霾清肺功效的罗汉果蜜的生产方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)中，所述冷水的温度为0～30℃；所述冷水用量为罗汉果鲜果重量的0.5～1.2倍，所述渗漉的流速为0.2～1.2BV/小时；更优选的，所述冷水的用量为罗汉果鲜果重量的0.8～1倍，所述渗漉液的流速为0.6～1.0BV/h。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述具有抗霾清肺功效的罗汉果蜜的生产方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)中，所述氢氧化钙的用量为罗汉果鲜果重量的0.01％～10％，调节pH值为8.6～13.0；优选的，步骤(2)中，所述氢氧化钙的用量为罗汉果鲜果重量的2～4％，调节pH值为11.5～12.5。
  7. 根据权利要求4～6任一项所述具有抗霾清肺功效的罗汉果蜜的生产方法，其特征在于，步骤(3)中，所述通入二氧化碳或空气调节的pH值为6.5～8.5；更为优选的，所述通入二氧化碳或空气调节的pH值为7.0～7.5。
  8. 根据权利要求4～7任一项所述具有抗霾清肺功效的罗汉果蜜的生产方法，其特征在于， 步骤(4)中，所述纳滤膜的截留分子量为80～250Da，过滤的压力为0.5～1.2MPa，纳滤至截留液中的电导率为0.1～20us/cm；优选的，步骤(4)中，所述纳滤膜的截留分子量为100～200Da，过滤的压力为0.6～1MPa，纳滤至截留液中的电导率为10～20us/cm。
  9. 根据权利要求4～8任一项所述具有抗霾清肺功效的罗汉果蜜的生产方法，其特征在于，步骤(5)中，所述五效降膜式蒸发器的首效和末效蒸发温度依次为60～65℃、40～45℃，浓缩至固形物的质量百分含量为40.0％～80.0％。
  10. 权利要求1～3任一项所述具有抗霾清肺功效的罗汉果蜜或权利要求3-9任一项所述生产方法制备的罗汉果蜜在制备食品、药品、调味品、保健品、化妆品和/或香精香料中的应用。
PCT/CN2019/111853 2019-08-13 2019-10-18 一种具有抗霾清肺功效的罗汉果蜜及其生产方法 WO2021027055A1 (zh)

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