WO2021023314A1 - 一种利用氢化物在室温下实现碳酸盐转换生产甲烷的方法 - Google Patents
一种利用氢化物在室温下实现碳酸盐转换生产甲烷的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/12—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/121—Metal hydrides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
- C07C1/32—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from compounds containing hetero-atoms other than or in addition to oxygen or halogen
- C07C1/325—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from compounds containing hetero-atoms other than or in addition to oxygen or halogen the hetero-atom being a metal atom
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
- C07C1/32—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from compounds containing hetero-atoms other than or in addition to oxygen or halogen
- C07C1/325—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from compounds containing hetero-atoms other than or in addition to oxygen or halogen the hetero-atom being a metal atom
- C07C1/326—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from compounds containing hetero-atoms other than or in addition to oxygen or halogen the hetero-atom being a metal atom the hetero-atom being a magnesium atom
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
- C07C1/32—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from compounds containing hetero-atoms other than or in addition to oxygen or halogen
- C07C1/325—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from compounds containing hetero-atoms other than or in addition to oxygen or halogen the hetero-atom being a metal atom
- C07C1/328—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from compounds containing hetero-atoms other than or in addition to oxygen or halogen the hetero-atom being a metal atom the hetero-atom being an alkali metal atom
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/60—Reduction reactions, e.g. hydrogenation
- B01J2231/62—Reductions in general of inorganic substrates, e.g. formal hydrogenation, e.g. of N2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2531/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- C07C2531/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- C07C2531/12—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the technical field of clean energy, and specifically relates to a method for producing methane by using hydride to convert carbonate at room temperature.
- Carbonate is a cheap and abundant C resource. Finding suitable methods to convert carbonates into chemicals and fuels is conducive to the realization of C recycling. This process requires the addition of reducing agents. At present, regarding carbonic acid There are few studies on salt reduction, and almost all the reactions need to be carried out under higher temperature and pressure conditions. At the same time, the specific reaction mechanism and intermediate species for the conversion of carbonate to methane are not yet clear. Therefore, studying the performance and mechanism of carbonate reduction at room temperature will provide a reference for the future carbonate reduction and the realization of global carbon resource recycling.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for producing methane by using hydride to convert carbonate at room temperature.
- a method for producing methane by using hydride to convert carbonate at room temperature includes the following steps:
- the carbonate and hydride are placed in a ball mill tank, and at room temperature, a ball mill is used for ball milling reaction to obtain methane gas.
- the preparation method of the hydride is: in a protective atmosphere, the hydrogen storage alloy is crushed, passed through a standard sieve, and then placed in a hydrogen atmosphere for hydrogen absorption reaction, and after the reaction is completed, the hydride is obtained by cooling to room temperature;
- the hydrogen storage alloy is RNi 5 , and R has the same meaning as above.
- the mesh size of the standard sieve is 200-500 mesh; the pressure of the hydrogen is 1 to 4 MPa, the reaction temperature of the hydrogen absorption reaction is 100 to 300° C., and the reaction time is 5 to 10 hours.
- the carbonate is lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ), sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ), potassium carbonate (K 2 CO 3 ), magnesium carbonate (MgCO 3 ) , At least one of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) and lanthanum dioxycarbonate (La 2 O 2 CO 3 ), etc., preferably at least one of Na 2 CO 3 and CaCO 3 .
- the molar ratio of H 2 in the hydride to CO 3 2- or HCO 3 - in the carbonate is 1:1-20:1. Preferably it is 2:1-12:1.
- the ball milling tank is preferably a stainless steel ball milling tank
- the ball milling medium of the ball milling reaction is preferably steel balls
- the mass ratio of the ball milling medium to the reaction material is 10:1-40:1, preferably 40:1.
- the reaction materials are carbonate and hydride.
- the rotation speed of the ball mill is 300 rpm to 500 rpm, preferably 500 rpm; the reaction time of the ball mill is 10 to 40 hours, preferably 40 hours.
- the protective atmosphere of the present invention is one or more of rare gas or nitrogen, preferably argon.
- Both the room temperature and the unspecified reaction temperature in the present invention are 15-32°C.
- the mechanism of the present invention is as follows:
- the hydride is used for the room temperature reduction of carbonate, which can realize the conversion of hydrogen energy and the reuse of waste hydrogen, and realize the recycling of carbonate.
- the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
- the present invention realizes the purpose of converting carbonate into methane at room temperature, and produces and stores methane through the reaction of hydride and carbonate, which provides a new method for the rational utilization of carbonate, replacing H 2 with hydride, At the same time, the insecurity of H 2 is avoided.
- Nano-Ni The solid product of hydride (RNi 5 H 6 ) generated in situ during the ball milling reaction.
- Nano-Ni has a small crystal size (5-10nm), which can be used as a catalyst for the methanation of carbonates and traditional catalysts.
- the catalyst has higher catalytic activity under room temperature ball milling conditions, and at the same time, the solid product can regenerate metal hydrides through hydrogen absorption, thereby realizing the recycling of hydrides.
- the reaction involved in the present invention uses carbonate as the material to produce methane and water.
- the whole reaction process is green and pollution-free, the reaction conditions are mild, the yield is considerable, and there are no other by-products, and the carbonate that exists stably in nature
- the reduction of medium carbonate produces methane gas, which embodies the concept of green chemistry and is conducive to promoting the global carbon cycle.
- Figure 1 shows the LaNi 5 H 6 and Na 2 CO 3 ratios of H 2 to CO 3 2- in Examples 1 to 4, respectively, with the ratio of 2:1, 4:1, 8:1, 12:1 mixed ball milling (500 revolutions/ Minutes) CH 4 yield chart after 10h, 20h, 30h, 40h reaction.
- Figure 2 shows the reaction of LaNi 5 H 6 and NaHCO 3 in Examples 5 to 8 according to H 2 and HCO 3 - ratios of 2:1, 4:1, 8:1, 12:1 mixed ball milling (500 revolutions per minute) CH 4 yield chart after 10h, 20h, 30h, and 40h.
- Figure 3 shows the mixed ball milling of LaNi 5 H 6 and CaCO 3 according to the ratio of H 2 to CO 3 2- in Examples 9-12, respectively, at 2:1, 4:1, 8:1, and 12:1 (500 revolutions/min) CH 4 yield chart after 10h, 20h, 30h, 40h reaction.
- Figure 4 shows the LaNi 5 H 6 and La 2 O 2 CO 3 ratios of H 2 to CO 3 2- in Examples 13 to 16 respectively at 2:1, 4:1, 8:1, 12:1 mixed ball milling (500 Revolution/min) CH 4 yield chart after 10h, 20h, 30h reaction.
- Figure 5 shows LaNi 5 H 6 and Na 2 CO 3 , NaHCO 3 , CaCO 3 , La 2 O 2 CO 3 , Li 2 CO 3 , K 2 CO 3 in Examples 4 , 8 , 12 , 16 and 17-19, respectively press seven kinds of carbonates MgCO 3 and H 2 or CO 3 2- and HCO 3 - ratio of 12: 1 mixture of ball (500 rev / min) CH 4 after 40h the reaction yield of FIG.
- Figure 6 shows LaNi 5 H 6 , CeNi 5 H 6 , PrNi 5 H 6 , NdNi 5 H 6 and MmNi 5 H 6 in Examples 4, 12 and 20-27, respectively, and Na 2 CO 3 or CaCO 3 according to H 2 and The CO 3 2- ratio is 12:1 and the CH 4 yield chart after 40 hours of mixed ball milling (500 revolutions/min).
- the material preparation and transfer storage involved in the examples are all carried out under argon atmosphere.
- the hydrogen absorption reaction involved in the examples is carried out in a high temperature and high pressure reactor, while the carbonate reduction reaction is carried out in a planetary ball mill.
- the target gas phase products of the examples are characterized by mass spectrometry (MS) and calculated to obtain the CH 4 yield of the reaction. .
- Ratio to Ar is the ratio of carbonate to Ar in the carbonate before the reaction. The calculation method is:
- the carbonate mass examples have been given, the molar masses of lithium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, and lanthanum dioxycarbonate are 74, 106, 84, 138, 84, respectively.
- the generated gas is detected by mass spectrometry, and the signal intensity of the gas with a charge-to-mass ratio (m/z) of 15, 40 is measured.
- the product is characterized by the charge-to-mass ratio (m/z), and the signal intensity is used to calculate the CH 4 production. rate. No gas products other than methane and H 2 were detected in mass spectrometry and gas chromatography.
- the gas detection method is the same as in Example 1, and no gas products other than methane and H 2 were detected in mass spectrometry and gas chromatography.
- the gas detection method is the same as in Example 1, and no gas products other than methane and H 2 were detected in mass spectrometry and gas chromatography.
- the gas detection method is the same as in Example 1, and no gas products other than methane and H 2 were detected in mass spectrometry and gas chromatography.
- the gas detection method is the same as in Example 1, and no gas products other than methane and H 2 were detected in mass spectrometry and gas chromatography.
- the gas detection method is the same as in Example 1, and no gas products other than methane and H 2 were detected in mass spectrometry and gas chromatography.
- the gas detection method is the same as in Example 1, and no gas products other than methane and H 2 were detected in mass spectrometry and gas chromatography.
- the gas detection method is the same as in Example 1, and no gas products other than methane and H 2 were detected in mass spectrometry and gas chromatography.
- the gas detection method is the same as in Example 1, and no gas products other than methane and H 2 were detected in mass spectrometry and gas chromatography.
- the gas detection method is the same as in Example 1, and no gas products other than methane and H 2 were detected in mass spectrometry and gas chromatography.
- the gas detection method is the same as in Example 1, and no gas products other than methane and H 2 were detected in mass spectrometry and gas chromatography.
- the gas detection method is the same as in Example 1, and no gas products other than methane and H 2 were detected in mass spectrometry and gas chromatography.
- the gas detection method is the same as in Example 1, and no gas products other than methane and H 2 were detected in mass spectrometry and gas chromatography.
- the gas detection method is the same as in Example 1, and no gas products other than methane and H 2 were detected in mass spectrometry and gas chromatography.
- the gas detection method is the same as in Example 1, and no gas products other than methane and H 2 were detected in mass spectrometry and gas chromatography.
- the gas detection method is the same as in Example 1, and no gas products other than methane and H 2 were detected in mass spectrometry and gas chromatography.
- the gas detection method is the same as in Example 1, and no gas products other than methane and H 2 were detected in mass spectrometry and gas chromatography.
- the gas detection method is the same as in Example 1, and no gas products other than methane and H 2 were detected in mass spectrometry and gas chromatography.
- the gas detection method is the same as in Example 1, and no gas products other than methane and H 2 were detected in mass spectrometry and gas chromatography.
- the gas detection method is the same as in Example 1, and no gas products other than methane and H 2 were detected in mass spectrometry and gas chromatography.
- the gas detection method is the same as in Example 1, and no gas products other than methane and H 2 were detected in mass spectrometry and gas chromatography.
- the gas detection method is the same as in Example 1, and no gas products other than methane and H 2 were detected in mass spectrometry and gas chromatography.
- the gas detection method is the same as in Example 1, and no gas products other than methane and H 2 were detected in mass spectrometry and gas chromatography.
- the gas detection method is the same as in Example 1, and no gas products other than methane and H 2 were detected in mass spectrometry and gas chromatography.
- the gas detection method is the same as in Example 1, and no gas products other than methane and H 2 were detected in mass spectrometry and gas chromatography.
- the gas detection method is the same as in Example 1, and no gas products other than methane and H 2 were detected in mass spectrometry and gas chromatography.
- the gas detection method is the same as in Example 1, and no gas products other than methane and H 2 were detected in mass spectrometry and gas chromatography.
- Figure 1 shows the LaNi 5 H 6 and Na 2 CO 3 obtained in Examples 1 to 4 according to the ratio of H 2 and CO 3 2- to 2:1, 4:1, 8:1, 12:1 mixed ball milling (500 revolutions/min) ) CH 4 yield diagram after reaction for 10h, 20h, 30h, 40h. It can be seen from the figure that the hydride successfully converts the carbonate in the carbonate into methane, and as the reaction time increases, the CH 4 yield takes the lead After increasing, it reaches equilibrium. Under the condition that the ratio of H 2 to CO 3 2- is 12:1, the yield of CH 4 basically reaches equilibrium after 40 hours, and the highest yield is 32.0%.
- Figure 4 shows the LaNi 5 H 6 and La 2 O 2 CO 3 ratios of H 2 to CO 3 2- obtained in Examples 13-16 at 2:1, 4:1, 8:1, 12:1 mixed ball milling (500 revolutions) /Min) after 10h, 20h, and 30h CH 4 yield chart. From the performance chart, it can be seen that the CH 4 yield in the gas phase increases with time, and the reaction basically reaches equilibrium at 30 h. This result confirms LaNi 5 H 6
- Figure 5 shows the LaNi 5 H 6 obtained in Examples 4, 8, 12, 16 and 17-19 mixed with seven carbonates (MCO 3 ) at a ratio of H 2 to CO 3 2- or HCO 3 - of 12:1
- the CH 4 yield chart after the ball milling (500 revolutions/min) reaction for 40 hours. From the performance chart, it can be seen that the carbonate radicals in several carbonates have been reduced to form CH 4. This result confirms the hydrogenation of LaNi 5 H 6 Among them, La 2 O 2 CO 3 has the most thorough reduction of carbonate, with a yield of 92.1%, followed by K 2 CO 3 , and Li 2 CO 3 has the lowest yield of CH 4 .
- Figure 6 shows the RNi 5 H 6 obtained in Examples 4, 12, and 20-27, respectively, reacted with Na 2 CO 3 or CaCO 3 at a ratio of H 2 to CO 3 2- of 12:1 and mixed ball milling (500 revolutions/min) for 40 hours CH 4 yield diagram. It can be seen from the performance diagram that among several material hydrides, CeNi 5 H 6 can reduce Na 2 CO 3 or CaCO 3 to the greatest extent when used as a reducing agent, and the CH 4 yield reaches 44.2% (Na 2 CO 3 ) and 40.5% (CaCO 3 ), followed by LaNi 5 H 6 and NdNi 5 H 6 is the worst. The CH 4 yield is only 28.2% (Na 2 CO 3 ) and 27.9% (CaCO 3 ).
- the yield of CH 4 is the highest under the action of RNi 5 H 6 and carbonate, and the yield of CH 4 is affected by H 2 and carbonate.
- Medium CO 3 2- or HCO 3 - ratio, carbonate type and hydride type have a greater impact, you can choose a relatively suitable speed of 500 rpm; you can choose suitable H 2 and carbonate CO in accordance with equipment conditions 3 2- or HCO 3 - ratio; when the ball milling reaction time is 40 h, the yield of CH 4 reaches equilibrium, which is the optimal ball milling reaction time; when CeNi 5 H 6 reacts with carbonate in hydride, the CH 4 yield is the highest, LaNi 5 H 6 is second, but LaNi 5 H 6 requires the lowest temperature and the fastest hydrogenation rate due to the hydrogenation of LaNi 5.
- LaNi 5 H 6 is the best hydride when considering the cost; La 2 O in carbonate 2 CO 3 has the highest reduction rate, but its abundance in the earth's crust is low.
- La 2 O 2 CO 3 is prepared by the reaction of La 2 O 3 and CO 2 while other carbonates with higher reduction degree are K 2 CO 3 and Li 2 CO 3 are expensive and are not commonly used carbonates.
- sodium carbonate or calcium carbonate is the preferred carbonate.
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Claims (9)
- 一种利用氢化物在室温下实现碳酸盐转换生产甲烷的方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:在保护气氛下,将碳酸盐及氢化物置于球磨罐中,在室温下,采用球磨机进行球磨反应后制得甲烷气体。
- 根据权利要求1所述的利用氢化物在室温下实现碳酸盐转换生产甲烷的方法,其特征在于:所述氢化物为RNi 5H 6中的至少一种,其中R=La,Ce,Pr,Nd。
- 根据权利要求2所述的利用氢化物在室温下实现碳酸盐转换生产甲烷的方法,其特征在于所述氢化物是的制备方法为:在保护气氛中,将储氢合金破碎后过标准筛,然后置于氢气气氛中进行吸氢反应,反应完成后冷却至室温即得到氢化物;其中所述储氢合金为RNi 5,R与权利要求2中的含义相同。
- 根据权利要求3所述的利用氢化物在室温下实现碳酸盐转换生产甲烷的方法,其特征在于:所述标准筛的目数为200~500目;所述氢气的压强为1~4MPa,所述吸氢反应的反应温度为100~300℃,反应时间为5~10h。
- 根据权利要求1所述的氢化物室温球磨还原碳酸盐合成甲烷的方法,其特征在于:所述碳酸盐为碳酸锂、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾、碳酸镁、碳酸钙以及碳酸二氧镧中的至少一种。
- 根据权利要求1所述的氢化物室温球磨还原碳酸盐合成甲烷的方法,其特征在于:所述氢化物中H 2与碳酸盐中CO 3 2-或HCO 3 -的摩尔比为1:1~20:1。
- 根据权利要求1所述的氢化物室温球磨还原碳酸盐合成甲烷的方法,其特征在于:所述氢化物中H 2与碳酸盐中CO 3 2-或HCO 3 -的摩尔比为2:1~12:1。
- 根据权利要求1所述的氢化物室温球磨还原碳酸盐合成甲烷的方法,其特征在于:所述球磨罐为不锈钢球磨罐,所述球磨反应的球磨介质为钢珠,所述球磨介质和反应物理的质量比为10:1~40:1。
- 根据权利要求1所述的氢化物室温球磨还原碳酸盐合成甲烷的方法,其特征在于:所述球磨机的转速为300~500转/分钟,球磨反应时间为10~40h。
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