WO2021017191A1 - 电机及具有该电机的电器设备 - Google Patents

电机及具有该电机的电器设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021017191A1
WO2021017191A1 PCT/CN2019/111665 CN2019111665W WO2021017191A1 WO 2021017191 A1 WO2021017191 A1 WO 2021017191A1 CN 2019111665 W CN2019111665 W CN 2019111665W WO 2021017191 A1 WO2021017191 A1 WO 2021017191A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bearing
bracket
rotor shaft
stator
shaft
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/111665
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李国雄
侯俊峰
陈丹
吕继方
黄成栋
曾路强
吕玉婵
Original Assignee
广东威灵电机制造有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 广东威灵电机制造有限公司 filed Critical 广东威灵电机制造有限公司
Priority to EP19940161.3A priority Critical patent/EP3961873A4/en
Priority to KR1020217038698A priority patent/KR20210151983A/ko
Priority to JP2021569954A priority patent/JP7288983B2/ja
Publication of WO2021017191A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021017191A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/16—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields
    • H02K5/161—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields radially supporting the rotary shaft at both ends of the rotor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/16—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields
    • H02K5/173—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields using bearings with rolling contact, e.g. ball bearings
    • H02K5/1732—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields using bearings with rolling contact, e.g. ball bearings radially supporting the rotary shaft at both ends of the rotor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/0094—Structural association with other electrical or electronic devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/04—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for rectification
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/40—Structural association with grounding devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/08—Insulating casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information

Definitions

  • This application belongs to the field of motor technology, and in particular relates to an improved motor and electrical equipment with the motor to prevent electrical corrosion of bearings.
  • the motors used are usually high-efficiency brushless DC motors instead of induction motors.
  • air conditioning units use high-efficiency brushless DC motors to drive fans.
  • These brushless DC motors are driven by inverters, which use pulse width modulation (hereinafter referred to as PWM) as the driving method.
  • PWM pulse width modulation
  • the neutral point potential of the winding is not zero and a common mode voltage is generated.
  • a coupling capacitor will be generated between the motor structures, and the common mode voltage will pass through the stator, rotor, permanent magnet, The coupling capacitor between the end cover and other parts and the bearing capacitor form a loop, thereby generating voltage on the bearing capacitor branch.
  • the voltage generated by this common mode voltage between the inner and outer rings of the bearing is called the shaft Voltage.
  • the shaft voltage contains the high-frequency components of the high-speed switching action of the semiconductor during PWM driving. If the shaft voltage reaches the insulation breakdown voltage of the lubricating oil film inside the bearing, it will discharge and generate current, which will cause partial melting of the inner surface of the bearing and the balls. Corrosion phenomenon, this is what we call bearing electrical corrosion. When the electric corrosion progresses gradually, wave-shaped wear will occur on the bearing, which will eventually cause abnormal noise and reduce the life of the bearing.
  • the invention patent CN101971460B proposes that an insulating layer is provided between the inner and outer sides of the motor rotor to increase the impedance of the rotor and greatly reduce the shaft voltage. , From tens of volts to less than ten volts, and as the thickness of the insulating layer increases, the shaft voltage gradually decreases. In practice, we can also see the application of this technology in some motor products. However, in some large-power plastic-packaged DC motors, the shaft voltage is often not improved. Instead, the shaft voltage will increase, which will increase the risk of bearing electrical corrosion.
  • One of the objectives of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a motor and electrical equipment to solve the technical problem of electric corrosion of bearings in high-power motors.
  • a motor including:
  • a stator which includes a stator core with windings
  • a rotor which is rotatably mounted on the stator, the rotor includes a rotor core and a rotor shaft located at the center of the rotor core and connected to the rotor core;
  • a bearing which supports the rotor shaft, includes a bearing inner ring and a bearing outer ring;
  • a bearing bracket which includes a bearing support part made of conductive material and fixed and conducting the outer ring of the bearing; at least one of the bearing brackets further includes a stator bracket part made of conductive material and connected to the stator, the stator The bracket part is located on the radially outer side of the bearing support part, and a bracket insulation layer is provided between the bearing support part and the stator bracket part; and
  • the electrode structure is used to adjust the equivalent capacitance between the inner ring of the bearing and the outer ring of the bearing; the electrode structure is electrically connected to the bearing bracket and forms an adjustment capacitance with the rotor shaft; or , The electrode structure is electrically connected with the rotor shaft, and an adjustment capacitor is formed between the electrode structure and the bearing bracket.
  • an electrical device including the above-mentioned motor.
  • Separating the traditional integrated bearing bracket into a stator bracket part and a bearing support part, and providing a bracket insulation layer therebetween, is equivalent to adding an insulating layer capacitance C1 between the stator bracket part and the bearing support part.
  • the capacitance Cd between the outer ring of the bearing and the stator core is decomposed into the equivalent capacitance Cd2 after the capacitance C1 between the bearing support part and the stator bracket and the capacitance C2 between the stator bracket and the stator core in series, It is connected in parallel with the capacitor Cd1 between the bearing support part and the stator core.
  • the arrangement of the bracket insulation layer can make the capacitance C1 much smaller than C2 and Cd2 smaller than C1 on the one hand; on the other hand, the bearing support part of the bearing bracket can not have or reduce the positive direction with the stator core in the motor axial direction.
  • the value of the capacitance Cd1 can be made small, so the equivalent capacitance Cd on the stator side can be greatly reduced.
  • the capacitor Cb In the loop of the high-frequency circuit, there is a capacitor Cb between the outer ring and the inner ring of the bearing.
  • the shaft voltage is the voltage divided between the two ends of the capacitor Cb.
  • the capacitor Cd is equivalent to the capacitor Cb in series on the outer ring side of the bearing. Therefore, the capacitor Cd is reduced through the arrangement of the bracket insulation layer, so that a smaller voltage partial pressure is obtained at both ends of the capacitor Cb, that is, the shaft voltage is reduced, and the risk of electric corrosion of the bearing is effectively reduced.
  • the risk of electrical corrosion damage to the motor bearings can also be reduced.
  • the electrode structure is used to adjust the equivalent capacitance Cb between the bearing inner ring and the bearing outer ring.
  • the electrode structure is electrically connected to the bearing bracket and forms an adjustment capacitor C3 with the rotor shaft; or, the electrode structure is electrically connected to the rotor shaft, And form an adjustment capacitor C3 with the bearing bracket.
  • the adjustment capacitor C3 is connected in parallel with the bearing capacitors Cb1 and Cb2 to increase the equivalent capacitance Cb and reduce the voltage difference between the two ends of the equivalent capacitance Cb.
  • the parallel connection of the adjustment capacitor C3 will increase the equivalent capacitance Cb, and make the equivalent capacitance Cb obtain a smaller partial voltage, that is, the voltage difference between the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing is reduced, and the shaft voltage is reduced.
  • the motor and the electrical equipment with the motor can effectively reduce the motor shaft voltage, thereby reducing the risk of electrical corrosion damage to the motor bearing, and improving the reliability of the motor.
  • Figure 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a motor provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a bearing support part and a stator bracket part applied in the motor of Fig. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a bearing bracket formed after a bracket insulation layer is provided between the bearing support portion and the stator bracket portion of FIG. 2;
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the bearing bracket of Figure 3 along the line B-B;
  • Figure 5 is a three-dimensional assembly view of the motor of Figure 1;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the motor and electrical equipment bracket of Figure 5;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the conductive member used in the motor of FIG. 5;
  • Fig. 8 is an assembly schematic diagram of the lead-through member of Fig. 5 connected to the bearing support part;
  • Figure 9 is a partial cross-sectional view of a motor provided by another embodiment of the application.
  • Figure 10 is a partial enlarged view of the motor of Figure 9;
  • FIG. 11 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of an electrode structure used in the motor of FIG. 9;
  • Figure 12 is a partial cross-sectional view of a motor provided by another embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the capacitor adjuster used in the motor of FIG. 12;
  • Figure 14 is a partial cross-sectional view of a motor provided by the exemplary technology.
  • first and second are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features. In the description of this application, “multiple” means two or more than two, unless otherwise specifically defined.
  • the terms “installation”, “connected”, “connected”, “fixed” and other terms should be understood in a broad sense.
  • it may be a fixed connection or a fixed connection.
  • the connection can be disassembled or integrated; it can be mechanical connection or electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction relationship between two components.
  • the specific meanings of the above-mentioned terms in the embodiments of the present application can be understood according to specific circumstances.
  • An exemplary plastic-packaged DC motor with larger power has a large motor power, a large torque, and a high temperature rise.
  • At least one large metal shell is used as the bearing bracket 40' on one side of the motor.
  • the bearing bracket 40' is connected to and supports the plastic-encapsulated stator 10' of the motor, and is connected to the mounting bracket of the electrical equipment, and is also connected to A bearing outer ring 32' supporting one side of the bearing 30' of the motor.
  • This kind of motor uses an insulated rotor 20', the rotor 20' is rotatably mounted on the stator 10', because the rotor insulation layer 214' is arranged between the inner iron core 213' and the outer iron core 212', which is equivalent to the inner iron core of the rotor.
  • Cz3 is added between the core 213' and the rotor outer core 212', and for the rotor-side capacitive coupling loop from the bearing inner ring 31' to the stator core 11', there is also a magnet capacitance Cz2 and a gap between the stator 10' and the rotor 20'
  • the air gap capacitance Cz1, the capacitances Cz1, Cz2, and Cz3 are connected in series, and the equivalent capacitance is set to Cz.
  • the capacitance of the rotor insulating layer capacitance Cz3 is small, generally tens of PF, so the equivalent capacitance Cz is also small.
  • the bearing bracket 40' electrically connected to the bearing outer ring 32' of the above motor has a larger area and is connected to the stator iron
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a motor, which includes a stator 10, a rotor 20, a bearing 30, a bearing bracket 40, and an electrode structure 60.
  • the stator 10 includes a stator core 11 having windings 111.
  • the rotor 20 is rotatably mounted on the stator 10.
  • the rotor 20 includes a rotor core 21 and a rotor shaft 22 located at the center of the rotor core 21 and connected to the rotor core 21.
  • the rotor core 21 may include a permanent magnet 211.
  • the rotor core 21 rotates synchronously with the rotor shaft 22 .
  • the bearing 30 is used to support the rotor shaft 22 so that the rotor shaft 22 can rotate freely.
  • the bearing 30 includes a bearing inner ring 31 and a bearing outer ring 32.
  • the bearing inner ring 31 is sleeved on the outer circumferential surface of the rotor shaft 22 and is confined on the rotor shaft 22 along the axial direction of the rotor shaft 22, and the bearing inner ring 31 is in conduction with the rotor shaft 22.
  • the bearing outer ring 32 is mounted on the bearing bracket 40 and is limited on the bearing bracket 40 in the radial and axial directions.
  • the bearing bracket 40 includes a bearing support 41 made of conductive material and fixing and conducting the outer ring 32 of the bearing; at least one bearing bracket 40 also includes a stator holder made of conductive material and connected to the stator 10
  • the frame portion 42 and the stator bracket portion 42 are located on the radially outer side of the bearing support portion 41.
  • a bracket insulation layer 43 is provided between the bearing support portion 41 and the stator bracket portion 42 so that the stator bracket portion 42 and the bearing support portion 41 insulation.
  • the traditional integrated bearing bracket is separated into the stator bracket part 42 and the bearing support part 41, and the bracket insulation layer 43 is arranged between them, which is equivalent to increasing the insulation layer capacitance between the stator bracket part 42 and the bearing support part 41 C1.
  • the capacitance Cd between the bearing outer ring 32 and the stator core 11 is decomposed into the capacitance C1 between the bearing support portion 41 and the stator bracket portion 42 and the capacitance C2 between the stator bracket portion 42 and the stator core 11 in series.
  • the equivalent capacitance Cd2 is connected in parallel with the capacitance Cd1 between the bearing support 41 and the stator core 11.
  • the arrangement of the bracket insulation layer 43 can make the capacitance C1 much smaller than C2 and Cd2 smaller than C1 on the one hand; on the other hand, the bearing support portion 41 of the bearing bracket 40 can be eliminated or reduced with the stator core 11 on the motor shaft.
  • the area facing the direction and away from the stator core 11 can make the value of the capacitance Cd1 also small. Therefore, the equivalent capacitance Cd on the stator side can be greatly reduced.
  • the shaft voltage is the voltage divided between the two ends of the capacitor Cb.
  • the capacitor Cd is equivalent to the capacitor Cb in series on the bearing outer ring side. Therefore, the capacitance Cd is reduced by the arrangement of the bracket insulating layer 43, and it is balanced with the smaller capacitance Cz connected in series on the inner ring side of the bearing, so that the two ends of the capacitor Cb obtain a smaller voltage division, that is, the shaft voltage is reduced. Effectively reduce the risk of electrical corrosion of the bearing 30. For a motor with a larger power and a larger metal shell to increase the installation strength and ensure heat dissipation, the risk of electrical corrosion damage to the motor bearing 30 can also be reduced.
  • the motor also includes an electrode structure 60 for adjusting the equivalent capacitance Cb between the bearing inner ring 31 and the bearing outer ring 32.
  • the first type of solution is: the electrode structure 60 is electrically connected to the bearing bracket 40, which is equivalent to adding a conductive pole plate close to the rotor shaft 22, which is between the pole plate and the rotor shaft 22
  • An adjustment capacitor C3 is formed between the electrode structure (ie, the pole plate) and the bearing bracket 40. It can be regarded that the bearing inner ring 31 is extended by the rotor shaft 22, and the bearing outer ring 32 is extended by the electrode structure 50.
  • the two extensions have a facing area and are not conductive, thereby forming an adjusting capacitor C3, which is equivalent to the above adjusting capacitor C3 being connected in parallel between the bearing outer ring 32 and the bearing inner ring 31.
  • the second type of solution is that the electrode structure 60 is electrically connected to the rotor shaft 22, which is equivalent to adding a conductive electrode plate with the same potential as the rotor shaft 22 on the rotor shaft 22.
  • the bearing bracket 40 and the electrode structure 60 are arranged at intervals, and the bearing bracket 40 is electrically connected to the bearing outer ring 32, which is equivalent to adding a pole plate equal to the bearing outer ring 32 on the bearing outer ring 32.
  • An adjustment capacitor C3 is formed between the two pole plates, and the rotor shaft 22 is electrically connected to the bearing inner ring 31. Therefore, the adjustment capacitor C3 is equivalent to being connected in parallel between the bearing outer ring 32 and the bearing inner ring 31.
  • the electrical connection includes direct and indirect conductive connections, and connections through large capacitors. After a large capacitor is connected, for example, there is a thin insulating layer between two metal parts. As long as the distance between the two metal parts is close enough and the facing area is large enough, the capacitance value between the two metal parts will be large enough .
  • a bearing 30 is provided at both ends of the rotor core 21, there are two bearings 30 in total, and the high frequency equivalent circuit between the outer ring 32 of one bearing 30 and the bearing inner ring 31 can also be equal.
  • the effect is a coupling capacitor Cb1.
  • the high-frequency equivalent circuit between the bearing outer ring 32 and the bearing inner ring 31 of another bearing 30 can also be equivalent to a coupling capacitor Cb2.
  • the shaft voltage is the voltage on Cb1 and Cb2. Partial pressure.
  • Each bearing 30 is installed on a bearing bracket 40 respectively, and the bearing inner rings 31 of the two bearings are electrically connected to the rotor shaft guide 22.
  • the description is based on the electrical connection of the two bearing brackets 40, and the above-mentioned capacitors Cb1 and Cb2 are connected in parallel.
  • the arrangement of the above electrode structure 60 is equivalent to connecting the adjusting capacitor C3 in parallel to the bearing capacitors Cb1 and Cb2.
  • the total capacitance of Cb1, Cb2 and C3 in parallel is the above-mentioned "equivalent capacitance".
  • Cb1 or Cb2 and C3 are connected in parallel, and the total capacitance of the two in parallel is the “equivalent capacitance" mentioned above.
  • the above Cb1 and Cb2 are respectively the bearing capacitance of the corresponding bearing itself, which is related to the facing area of the bearing inner ring and the bearing outer ring. For a given bearing, the bearing capacitance is also determined.
  • the equivalent capacitance is denoted as Cb, by adjusting the facing area between the electrode structure 60 and the rotor shaft 22 (the first type of solution) or the electrode structure 60 and the bearing bracket 40 (the second type of solution) and the size of the air gap between them , Can effectively change the size of the adjustment capacitor C3 and the size of the equivalent capacitor Cb.
  • Cb the capacitance formed by the bearing outer ring 32 and the stator core 11 through the bearing bracket 40
  • the bearing inner ring 31 passes through the rotor shaft 22, the permanent magnet 211, the air gap between the stator 10 and the rotor 20 and the stator iron
  • the equivalent capacitance formed by the core 11 is Cz.
  • the coupling capacitor loop formed by the entire motor includes the above-mentioned equivalent capacitors Cb, Cd, and Cz.
  • the adjustment capacitor C3 is connected in parallel with the bearing capacitors Cb1 and Cb2 to increase the equivalent capacitance Cb and reduce the voltage difference between the two ends of the equivalent capacitance Cb.
  • the parallel connection of the adjustment capacitor C3 will increase the equivalent capacitance Cb, and make the equivalent capacitance Cb obtain a smaller partial voltage, that is, the voltage difference between the bearing inner ring 31 and the bearing outer ring 32 is reduced, realizing the shaft voltage
  • the adjustment capacitor C3 is relatively large relative to the bearing capacitances Cb1 and Cb2
  • the current between the bearing bracket 40 and the rotor shaft 22 will pass through the branch of the adjustment capacitor C3 to shunt the shaft current Therefore, the current passing through the bearing outer ring 32 and the bearing inner ring 31, that is, the shaft current, can be reduced. Therefore, the risk of electrical corrosion damage to the bearing 30 can be greatly reduced.
  • the motor and the electrical equipment with the motor can effectively reduce the motor shaft voltage, thereby reducing the risk of electrical corrosion damage to the motor bearing 30 and improving the reliability of the motor.
  • the number of bearings 30 is two.
  • Two bearings 30 are arranged on both sides of the rotor core 21 at intervals along the axial direction of the rotor core 21, and each bearing 30 is provided with a bearing Bracket 40.
  • the two sets of bearings 30 are arranged at intervals, are located at positions sandwiching the rotor core 21 in the axial direction, and support the rotor shaft 22 to freely rotate.
  • Two sets of bearings 30 are installed on two bearing brackets 40 respectively.
  • the bearing bracket 40 on the shaft extension side X and the outside of the stator core 11 are plastic-sealed and molded into a plastic shell 12, and the bearing bracket 40 on the non-shaft extension side X'is mounted on the plastic shell 12.
  • the motors shown in FIGS. 9 and 12 are two other embodiments in which two bearings 30 and two bearing brackets 40 are arranged.
  • the bearing support portions 41 of the two bearing brackets 40 are electrically connected by a conductive member 50, and the conductive member 50 is insulated from the stator bracket portion 42 , It is equivalent to electrically connecting the two bearing outer rings 32, and the two bearing inner rings 31 are electrically connected through the rotor shaft 22. Therefore, the above adjustment effect will affect the shaft voltage of the two bearings 30 at the same time, reducing the two The effect of risk of occurrence of electric corrosion of each bearing 30.
  • the conductive member 50 includes two terminals 51 arranged at intervals and a power cord 52 connected between the two terminals 51 and having an insulating part on the outer surface.
  • the two terminals 51 can be respectively connected to the bearing support portions 41 of the two bearing brackets 40, so that the two bearing brackets 40 are conducted, and the power cord 52 has a compact structure and is easy to assemble.
  • the two bearing brackets 40 are respectively located on the shaft extension side X and the non-shaft extension side X'.
  • a part of the power cord 52 is arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the plastic casing 12 along the axial direction of the stator 10, and the other part of the power cord 52 is arranged on one end surface of the plastic casing 12 along the radial direction of the stator 10.
  • the bearing bracket 40 on the shaft extension side X covers the other end surface of the stator core 11. The overall structure takes up little space.
  • the bearing support portion 41 of each bearing bracket 40 is provided with a connecting hole 411, and the two terminals 51 are electrically connected to the two connecting holes 411 in a one-to-one correspondence.
  • the terminal 51 of the power cord 52 abuts against the connection hole 411, and the terminal 51 is fixed to the bearing support 41 by a fastener 53.
  • one of the bearing brackets 40 and the stator core 11 are integrally molded with a plastic shell 12, so that the bearing bracket 40 is insulated from the stator core 11.
  • the plastic encapsulation shell 12 may be formed by molding with a resin material.
  • the outer surface of the plastic casing 12 of the stator 10 is provided with an installation groove 121 for installing the power cord 52. During assembly, the power cord 52 is installed in the installation slot 121 to facilitate the assembly of the power cord 52.
  • the stator bracket portion 42 is a metal piece for forming a capacitor.
  • the stator bracket portion 42 can be made of aluminum or other metal materials, which is easy to be stamped and stretched.
  • the bracket insulation layer 43 is passed between the stator bracket portion 42 and the bearing support portion 41 The area is injection molded.
  • the bracket insulating layer 43 is injection-molded between the stator bracket portion 42 and the bearing support portion 41 to make the bearing bracket 40 as a whole and to insulate the stator bracket portion 42 and the bearing support portion 41 from each other.
  • the bracket insulating layer 43 can be made of thermosetting material, which has good insulation properties.
  • the material of the insulating layer is BMC (the full English name is Bulk Molding Compound, the Chinese name is lumpy molding compound) or PBT (the English name is polybutylene terephthalate, the Chinese name is polybutylene terephthalate) or other insulating materials, which can be set as required.
  • the stator bracket portion 42 has a plurality of first arm portions 421 extending radially inwardly of the bearing bracket 40; the bearing support portion 41 has a plurality of first arm portions 421 that extend toward the bearing The second arm portion 412 extending radially outward of the bracket 40; the first arm portion 421 and the second arm portion 412 are embedded in the bracket insulating layer 43.
  • the first arm portion 421 and the second arm portion 412 are provided to extend the first arm portion 421 and the second arm portion 412 into the bracket insulating layer 43 when the bracket insulating layer 43 is injection molded, so that the bracket insulating layer 43 is more It is firmly combined with the stator bracket portion 42 and the bearing support portion 41, while the first arm portion 421 and the second arm portion 412 can improve the structural strength of the bracket insulating layer 43 area.
  • first arm 421 and the second arm 412 are arranged in a pair, and are at least partially opposite in the radial direction of the motor.
  • This solution can better enable the bracket insulation layer 43 to be more firmly combined with the stator bracket portion 42 and the bearing support portion 41, and at the same time can improve the structural strength of the bracket insulation layer 43 area.
  • the stator bracket portion 42 has a plurality of first through holes 422 extending in the axial direction of the bearing bracket 40, and the first through holes 422 are at least partially buried in Bracket insulating layer 43;
  • the bearing support portion 41 has a plurality of second through holes extending along the axial direction of the bearing bracket 40, and the second through holes are at least partially buried in the bracket insulating layer 43.
  • the first through hole 422 and the second through hole are provided to increase the size of the bracket insulating layer 43 and the stator bracket portion 42 when the insulating material enters the first through hole 422 and the second through hole when the bracket insulating layer 43 is injection molded.
  • the contact area of the bearing support portion 41 allows the bracket insulation layer 43 to be more firmly combined with the stator bracket portion 42 and the bearing support portion 41.
  • the stator bracket portion 42 has a first fixing portion 423, and the first fixing portion 423 is connected to the plastic casing 12 to achieve a stator bracket portion 42
  • the bearing bracket 40 is assembled on the plastic shell 12.
  • the bearing bracket 40 can be connected to the plastic shell 12 by screws 425, which is easy to assemble.
  • the stator bracket portion 42 has a second fixing portion 424, and the second fixing portion 424 is connected to the bracket 70 of the electrical equipment using the motor to realize the fixing of the motor.
  • the bracket 70 is made of metal, and the second fixing portion 424 is electrically connected to the bracket 70.
  • the second fixing portion 424 and the bracket 70 are electrically connected by a power cord.
  • the bracket 70 is electrically connected to the power ground of the electrical equipment or to the earth.
  • the bracket insulation layer 43 is provided to reduce the stator-side capacitance Cd, so that the two ends of the bearing capacitance Cb connected in series with it obtain a smaller partial voltage, that is, the shaft voltage is reduced; and the bracket of the electrical equipment connected to the stator bracket portion 42 is weakened 70 Influence on shaft voltage.
  • the rotor 20 of the motor adopts an insulated rotor 20 structure, that is, a rotor insulation layer 214 is provided between the rotor shaft 22 and the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core 21.
  • a rotor insulation layer 214 is provided between the outer iron core 212 of the rotor 20 and the inner iron core 213 of the rotor 20.
  • the rotor insulating layer 214 may be made of PBT or rubber.
  • the motors shown in Figure 9 and Figure 11 are two other similar embodiments.
  • the electrode structure in another embodiment of the present application, includes a sleeve portion 64 disposed on the bearing support portion 41 of at least one bearing bracket 40, and the sleeve portion 64 is electrically connected to the bearing support portion 41.
  • the arrangement of the sleeve portion 64 can increase the equivalent capacitance Cb, so that both ends of Cb (that is, the bearing outer ring 32 and the bearing inner ring 31) are in the circuit formed by the stator-side capacitor Cd connected in series with it.
  • the current passing through the bearing outer ring 32 and the bearing inner ring 31 is the shaft current. Therefore, the risk of electrical corrosion damage to the bearing 30 can be greatly reduced.
  • one end of the rotor shaft 22 in the axial direction has a shaft hole 221 extending along the axial direction
  • the sleeve portion 64 includes an outer sleeve 641 located outside the outer peripheral surface of the rotor shaft 22 and The inner sleeve 642 in the shaft hole 221 and the inner sleeve 642 are located inside the outer sleeve 641.
  • the outer sleeve 641 is sleeved on the rotor shaft 22 and the inner sleeve 642 extending into the rotor shaft 22 is provided to increase the area of the sleeve portion 64 and the rotor shaft 22 facing each other to increase the adjustment capacitor C3.
  • An adjustment capacitor C3 is formed between the sleeve portion 64 and the rotor shaft 22, and the adjustment capacitor C3 is connected in parallel with the bearing capacitors Cb1 and Cb2.
  • the shaft voltage between the bearing outer ring 32 and the bearing inner ring 31 can be reduced; on the other hand, the shaft current can be shunted.
  • the current between the bearing bracket 40 and the rotor shaft 22 is shunted from the branch of the above-mentioned adjusting capacitor C3. Effectively reduce the shaft current flowing through the bearing outer ring 32 and the bearing inner ring 31.
  • a closing plate 644 is connected to the same end surface of the outer sleeve 641 and the inner sleeve 642. The closing plate 644 can prevent foreign matter from entering the shaft hole 221 and the inside of the motor, so as to ensure the reliable operation of the shaft sleeve portion 64.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the first air gap 643 in the radial direction is a circular ring concentric with the rotor shaft 22.
  • a regulating capacitor C3 of a predetermined value is formed between the rotor shaft 22 and the sleeve portion 64, and the regulating capacitor C3 is connected in parallel with the bearing capacitors Cb1 and Cb2.
  • the distance in the radial direction of the first air gap 643 is less than or equal to 0.3 mm, which can make the value of the adjustment capacitor C3 relatively large, so as to increase the equivalent capacitance Cb so that the equivalent capacitance Cb is two A smaller partial pressure is obtained at the end, that is, the voltage difference between the bearing inner ring 31 and the bearing outer ring 32 is reduced, and the shaft voltage is reduced.
  • making the adjusting capacitor C3 larger than the bearing capacitors Cb1 and Cb2 can make the electricity at both ends of the equivalent capacitor Cb more concentrated on both ends of the adjusting capacitor C3, which is equivalent to being concentrated on the sleeve portion 64 and close to the sleeve portion 64 On the rotor shaft 22 to reduce the shaft current.
  • the sleeve portion 64 and the bearing support portion 41 are integrally formed metal parts, and the integral forming process, such as stamping and stretching, is adopted for easy processing.
  • the sleeve portion 64 and the bearing support portion 41 may be aluminum parts or other metal parts, which can realize electric conduction and are easy to press and form.
  • the electrode structure 60 is disposed on the rotor shaft 22, which is easy to assemble.
  • An adjustment capacitor C3 is formed between the electrode structure 60 and the bearing bracket 40, and the rotor shaft 22 is electrically connected to the bearing inner ring 31. Therefore, the adjustment capacitor C3 is equivalent to being connected in parallel between the bearing outer ring 32 and the bearing inner ring 31.
  • the coupling capacitor loop formed by the entire motor includes the above-mentioned equivalent capacitors Cb, Cd, and Cz.
  • the adjustment capacitor C3 is connected in parallel with the bearing capacitors Cb1 and Cb2 to increase the equivalent capacitance Cb and reduce the voltage difference between the two ends of the equivalent capacitance Cb.
  • the parallel connection of the adjusting capacitor C3 will increase the equivalent capacitance Cb, and make the equivalent capacitance Cb smaller in the equivalent circuit of the equivalent capacitance Cd in series with the bearing outer ring 32 and the capacitance Cz in series with the bearing inner ring 31
  • the voltage difference between the bearing inner ring 31 and the bearing outer ring 32 is reduced to reduce the shaft voltage; on the other hand, the current between the bearing bracket 40 and the rotor shaft 22 will change from the above-mentioned adjustment capacitor C3
  • the shaft current is shunted, thereby reducing the current passing through the bearing outer ring 32 and the bearing inner ring 31, that is, the shaft current. Therefore, the risk of electrical corrosion damage to the bearing 30 can be greatly reduced.
  • the electrode structure 60 includes a plurality of first conductive cylinders 61 that are sequentially sleeved and arranged at intervals.
  • the first conductive cylinders 61 are arranged around the rotor shaft 22 and are arranged along the axis. Extending in the direction, the first conductive cylinder 61 is electrically connected to the rotor shaft 22. It is equivalent to adding a conductive pole plate with the same potential as the rotor shaft 22 on the rotor shaft 22.
  • a plurality of second conductive cylinders 45 are provided on the bearing support portion 41 of the bearing bracket 40 close to the electrode structure 60.
  • the second conductive cylinders 45 are arranged around the rotor shaft 22 and extend along the axial direction.
  • the second conductive cylinders 45 and The bearing support portion 41 is electrically connected; it is equivalent to adding a pole plate equal to the potential of the bearing outer ring 32 on the bearing outer ring 32.
  • the first conductive cylinder 61 and the second conductive cylinder 45 are arranged opposite to each other in the radial direction of the motor, and there is a second air gap 611 extending along the axial direction of the rotor shaft 22 therebetween.
  • An adjustment capacitor C3 is formed between the two pole plates, and the rotor shaft 22 is electrically connected to the bearing inner ring 31.
  • the adjustment capacitor C3 is equivalent to being connected in parallel between the bearing outer ring 32 and the bearing inner ring 31.
  • the shaft voltage between the bearing outer ring 32 and the bearing inner ring 31 can be reduced; on the other hand, the shaft current can be shunted.
  • the current between the bearing bracket 40 and the rotor shaft 22 is shunted from the branch of the above-mentioned adjusting capacitor C3. Effectively reduce the shaft voltage and shaft current flowing through the bearing outer ring 32 and the bearing inner ring 31.
  • the first conductive cylinder 61 and the second conductive cylinder 45 are adopted to facilitate the internal heat of the motor to pass through the air gap between the rotor shaft 22 and the innermost second conductive cylinder 45 and between the first conductive cylinder 61 and the second conductive cylinder 45
  • the air gap between is transmitted to the outside, which is conducive to the heat dissipation of the motor.
  • the distance of the annular air gap can be different, which facilitates the processing of the first conductive cylinder 61 and the second conductive cylinder 45.
  • the second conductive cylinder 45 closest to the rotor shaft 22 among the second conductive cylinders 45 has a third air gap 612 extending along the axial direction of the rotor shaft 22 between the outer peripheral surface of the rotor shaft 22.
  • a regulating capacitor of a predetermined value is formed between the innermost second conductive cylinder 45 and the rotor shaft 22, and the regulating capacitor is connected in parallel with the bearing capacitors Cb1 and Cb2.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the second air gap 611 and the third air gap 612 in the radial direction is a circular ring concentric with the rotor shaft 22.
  • the annular second air gap 611 and the third air gap 612 form an adjusting capacitor of a predetermined value, and the adjusting capacitor is connected in parallel with the bearing capacitors Cb1 and Cb2 to effectively reduce the shaft voltage flowing through the bearing outer ring 32 and the bearing inner ring 31 And shaft current.
  • the distance in the radial direction of the second air gap 611 is less than or equal to 0.3 mm; the distance in the radial direction of the third air gap 612 is less than or equal to 0.3 mm. It can make the value of the adjustment capacitor C3 relatively large.
  • the adjustment capacitor C3 is connected in parallel with the bearing capacitors Cb1 and Cb2 to increase the equivalent capacitance Cb, so that the two ends of the equivalent capacitance Cb obtain a smaller partial pressure, that is, the bearing inner ring 31 and the bearing The voltage difference between the outer rings 32 is reduced, and the shaft voltage is reduced.
  • the adjustment capacitor C3 is made larger than the bearing capacitances Cb1 and Cb2, so that the electricity at both ends of the equivalent capacitor Cb can be more concentrated on both ends of the adjustment capacitor C3, which is equivalent to being concentrated on the first conductive cylinder 61 and the second conductive cylinder 45 And between the innermost second conductive cylinder 45 and the rotor shaft 22 to reduce shaft current.
  • the electrode structure 60 further includes a shaft mounting portion 62 and an end plate 63 connecting the shaft mounting portion 62 and the first conductive cylinder 61.
  • the shaft mounting portion 62 is fixed on the rotor shaft 22 and connected to the rotor shaft 22. Electric connection.
  • the structure of the shaft mounting portion 62, the end plate 63 and the first conductive cylinder 61 is easy to shape.
  • the shaft mounting portion 62 is fixed to the rotor shaft 22 and electrically connected to the rotor shaft 22. This solution is easy to assemble and ensures that the first conductive cylinder 61 is electrically connected to the rotor shaft 22.
  • the first conductive cylinder 61 is electrically connected to the shaft mounting portion 62 through the end plate 63, so that all the first conductive cylinders 61 are electrically connected to the rotor shaft 22 through the shaft mounting portion 62.
  • the electrode structure 60 includes a conductive electrode plate 65 connected to the rotor shaft 22 and extending radially along the rotor shaft 22, which is equivalent to adding on the rotor shaft 22
  • a conductive pole plate with the same potential as the rotor shaft 22 is provided.
  • the bearing bracket 40 close to the conductive electrode plate 65 is a metal piece.
  • the area of the bearing bracket 40 close to the conductive electrode plate 65 is equivalent to adding an electrode plate equal to the bearing outer ring 32 on the bearing outer ring 32.
  • An adjustment capacitor C3 is formed between the two pole plates, and the rotor shaft 22 is electrically connected to the bearing inner ring 31.
  • the adjustment capacitor C3 is equivalent to being connected in parallel between the bearing outer ring 32 and the bearing inner ring 31.
  • the shaft voltage between the bearing outer ring 32 and the bearing inner ring 31 can be reduced; on the other hand, the shaft current can be shunted.
  • the current between the bearing bracket 40 and the rotor shaft 22 is shunted from the branch of the above-mentioned adjusting capacitor C3. Effectively reduce the shaft current flowing through the bearing outer ring 32 and the bearing inner ring 31.
  • the electrode structure 60 also includes a shaft mounting portion 62 for connecting with the rotor shaft 22.
  • the distance in the axial direction of the fourth air gap 651 is less than or equal to 0.3 mm. It can make the value of the adjustment capacitor C3 relatively large.
  • the adjustment capacitor C3 is connected in parallel with the bearing capacitors Cb1 and Cb2 to increase the equivalent capacitance Cb, so that the two ends of the equivalent capacitance Cb obtain a smaller partial pressure, that is, the bearing inner ring 31 and the bearing The voltage difference between the outer rings 32 is reduced, and the shaft voltage is reduced.
  • making the adjustment capacitor C3 larger than the bearing capacitors Cb1 and Cb2 can make the electricity at both ends of the equivalent capacitor Cb more concentrated on the ends of the adjustment capacitor C3, which is equivalent to being concentrated on the bearing bracket 40 and the conductive electrode plate 65. To reduce the shaft current.
  • the shaft mounting portion 62 is fixed at one end of the rotor shaft 22, the end of the rotor shaft 22 is provided with a shaft hole 221 along the axial direction, and the shaft mounting portion 62 includes A fixing post 621 disposed toward the side of the bearing bracket 40 and matched with the shaft hole 221 is at least partially fixed to the shaft hole 221.
  • the first conductive cylinder 61 can be installed on the rotor shaft 22 and electrically connected with the rotor shaft 22, which is convenient for assembly and disassembly.
  • the motor shown in FIG. 12 is another embodiment in which the fixed post 621 and the shaft hole 221 are provided.
  • the fixing post 621 is fixed to the shaft hole 221 by crimping.
  • the crimping method assembly can tightly fix the fixing post 621 in the shaft hole 221, ensuring the reliability of the first conductive cylinder 61 connected to the rotor shaft 22 when the motor is working, and avoiding the first guiding when the rotor shaft 22 rotates.
  • the torch 61 is detached.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the fixed post 621 is provided with an external thread
  • the shaft hole 221 is provided with an internal thread that matches with the external thread.
  • the first conductive cylinder 61 is fixedly mounted on the rotor shaft 22 through screw connection, and the connection is firm and reliable.
  • the bearing capacitance formed mainly depends on the oil film.
  • the bearing capacitance is larger.
  • the higher the speed and the more uniform the more uniform the bearing oil film is formed, and the smaller the corresponding bearing capacitance.
  • the bearing capacitance value is basically stable.
  • the corresponding bearing capacitances of 1000r/min, 1500r/min and 2000r/min are 55PF, 33PF and 32PF respectively. That is, the basic value of bearing capacitance is above 30PF.
  • the electrode structure 60 is provided, and an adjusting capacitor C3 is formed between the electrode structure 60 and the rotor shaft 22 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, and an adjusting capacitor is formed between the bearing bracket 40 and the electrode structure 60 as shown in FIGS. 9-13.
  • the regulating capacitor C3 is an air capacitor, and the relative dielectric constant and absolute dielectric constant of air are fixed. Therefore, it is the distance between the facing area and the air gap that determines the adjustment capacitor C3. If the ratio of the facing area on both sides of the air gap to the distance of the air gap is greater than or equal to 3.4 m, an adjustment capacitor C3 greater than 30 PF can be formed.
  • the adjustment capacitor C3 is greater than or much greater than the bearing capacitors Cb1 and Cb2, so that the electricity at both ends of the equivalent capacitor Cb can be more concentrated on both ends of the capacitor C3, which is equivalent to concentrated on the electrode structure 60 and the rotor shaft 22 (first Type scheme), or equivalent to concentrate on the electrode structure 60 and the bearing bracket 40 (the second type scheme), so that most of the current between the bearing bracket 40 and the rotor shaft 22 passes through the branch of the adjustment capacitor C3, right
  • the shaft current is shunted, thereby greatly reducing the current passing through the bearing outer ring 32 and the bearing inner ring 31, that is, the shaft current. Therefore, the risk of electrical corrosion damage to the bearing 30 can be greatly reduced.
  • the ratio of the facing area of the first air gap 643 to the distance is greater than or equal to 3.4 m.
  • the adjustment capacitance C3 is made larger or far larger than the bearing capacitances Cb1 and Cb2, so as to achieve the above-mentioned effect of reducing the shaft current and reducing the electric corrosion of the bearing 30.
  • a second air gap 611 is formed between the first conductive cylinder 61 and the second conductive cylinder 45, and a third air gap is formed between the innermost second conductive cylinder 45 and the outer circumferential surface of the rotor shaft 22.
  • the sum of the ratio of the facing area to the distance of the second air gap 611 and the ratio of the facing area to the distance of the third air gap 612 is greater than or equal to 3.4 m.
  • the adjustment capacitance C3 is made larger or far larger than the bearing capacitances Cb1 and Cb2, so as to achieve the above-mentioned effect of reducing the shaft current and reducing the electric corrosion of the bearing 30.
  • the ratio of the facing area of the fourth air gap 651 to the distance is greater than or equal to 3.4 m. Furthermore, the adjustment capacitance C3 is made larger or far larger than the bearing capacitances Cb1 and Cb2, so as to achieve the above-mentioned effect of reducing the shaft current and reducing the electric corrosion of the bearing 30.
  • the electrode structure 60 is an integrally molded metal piece, which can be easily processed by an integrally molded process.
  • the electrode structure 60 may be an aluminum part or other metal parts, which can realize electric conduction and is easy to form.
  • an electrical device including the above-mentioned motor.
  • the traditional integrated bearing bracket is separated into the stator bracket part 42 and the bearing support part 41, and the bracket insulation layer 43 is arranged between them, which is equivalent to increasing the insulation layer capacitance between the stator bracket part 42 and the bearing support part 41 C1.
  • the capacitance Cd between the bearing outer ring 32 and the stator core 11 is decomposed into the capacitance C1 between the bearing support portion 41 and the stator bracket portion 42 and the capacitance C2 between the stator bracket portion 42 and the stator core 11 in series.
  • the equivalent capacitance Cd2 is connected in parallel with the capacitance Cd1 between the bearing support 41 and the stator core 11.
  • the arrangement of the bracket insulation layer 43 can make the capacitance C1 much smaller than C2 and Cd2 smaller than C1 on the one hand; on the other hand, the bearing support portion 41 of the bearing bracket 40 can be eliminated or reduced with the stator core 11 on the motor shaft.
  • the area facing the direction and away from the stator core 11 can make the value of the capacitance Cd1 also small. Therefore, the equivalent capacitance Cd on the stator side can be greatly reduced.
  • the shaft voltage is the voltage divided between the two ends of the capacitor Cb.
  • the capacitor Cd is equivalent to the capacitor Cb in series on the bearing outer ring side. Therefore, the capacitor Cd is reduced by the arrangement of the bracket insulating layer 43, and thus a smaller voltage partial pressure is obtained at both ends of the capacitor Cb, that is, the shaft voltage is reduced, which effectively reduces the risk of electrical corrosion of the bearing 30.
  • the risk of electrical corrosion damage to the motor bearing 30 can also be reduced.
  • the electrode structure 60 is used to adjust the equivalent capacitance Cb between the bearing inner ring 31 and the bearing outer ring 32.
  • the electrode structure 60 is electrically connected to the bearing bracket 40 and forms an adjustment capacitor C3 with the rotor shaft 22; or, the electrode structure 60 is electrically connected to the rotor shaft 22 and forms an adjustment capacitor C3 with the bearing bracket 40.
  • the adjustment capacitor C3 is connected in parallel with the bearing capacitors Cb1 and Cb2 to increase the equivalent capacitance Cb and reduce the voltage difference between the two ends of the equivalent capacitance Cb.
  • the parallel connection of the adjustment capacitor C3 will increase the equivalent capacitance Cb, and make the equivalent capacitance Cb obtain a smaller partial voltage, that is, the voltage difference between the bearing inner ring 31 and the bearing outer ring 32 is reduced, realizing the shaft voltage
  • the adjustment capacitor C3 is relatively large relative to the bearing capacitances Cb1 and Cb2
  • the current between the bearing bracket 40 and the rotor shaft 22 will pass through the branch of the adjustment capacitor C3 to shunt the shaft current Therefore, the current passing through the bearing outer ring 32 and the bearing inner ring 31, that is, the shaft current, can be reduced. Therefore, the risk of electrical corrosion damage to the bearing 30 can be greatly reduced.
  • the motor and the electrical equipment with the motor can effectively reduce the motor shaft voltage, thereby reducing the risk of electrical corrosion damage to the motor bearing 30 and improving the reliability of the motor.

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Abstract

电机及具有该电机的电器设备，将传统的一体化轴承托架（40）分离为定子托架部（42）和轴承支承部（41），并在其间设置托架绝缘层（43），相当于在定子托架部（42）与轴承支承部（41）间增加了绝缘层电容。托架绝缘层（43）的设置，定子（10）侧的等效电容可被大幅降低。在高频电路的回路中，轴电压即为轴承电容两端的电压分压，定子（10）侧的等效电容相当于串联在轴承电容的轴承外圈（32）侧。因此，通过托架绝缘层（43）的设置降低定子（10）侧的等效电容，使得轴承电容两端获得更小的电压分压，即降低轴电压。设置电极结构（60）能降低轴电压与轴电流。降低轴承（30）电腐蚀发生的风险。对于功率较大而采用较大金属外壳以提高安装强度与保障散热的电机，可以降低电机轴承（30）电腐蚀损伤风险。

Description

电机及具有该电机的电器设备
本申请要求于2019年07月26日在中国专利局提交的、申请号为201910684730.0、发明名称为“电机及具有该电机的电器设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请属于电机技术领域，尤其涉及为防止发生轴承电腐蚀而改良的电机及具有该电机的电器设备。
 背景技术
近年来，由于电器设备节能的趋势，其采用的电机通常用高效率的无刷直流电机代替感应电机，例如空调机组，采用高效无刷直流电机来驱动风机。而这些无刷直流电机用逆变器驱动，其采用脉宽调制法（下文中称之为PWM）作为驱动方法。在使用这种PWM驱动方法中，绕组的中性点电位不为零而发生共模电压，在高频情况下，电机结构之间会产生耦合电容，共模电压通过定子、转子、永磁体、端盖等各部分之间耦合电容以及轴承电容形成回路，从而在轴承电容支路上产生电压，因这种共模电压在轴承的内外圈之间（轴承电容支路）产生的电压称之为轴电压。轴电压含有PWM驱动时半导体高速开关动作的高频成分，如轴电压达到轴承内部润滑油膜的绝缘击穿电压，就会随之放电而产生电流，这样就会使轴承内表面和滚珠发生局部熔蚀现象，这就是我们所说的轴承电腐蚀。当电腐蚀逐渐进展时，在轴承上会发生波形磨损现象，最终造成异常噪音和轴承寿命下降。
为防止轴承电腐蚀，行业中提出过很多方案，大体上可以归纳为以下3种：（1）使轴承内圈和外圈为导通状态，（2）使轴承内圈和外圈为可靠的绝缘状态，（3）降低轴电压。对于第（1）种方法，有提出使用导电性轴承润滑脂的，但因为还无法达到和非导电性油脂同样的使用寿命，以及成本高等因素，实际上难以应用。另外，也有在轴上设置导电刷的方式，此方式会出现电刷磨损、需要设置空间以及实施成本较高、需要维护保养等问题。对于第（2）种方法，实际产品应用上有使用陶瓷球轴承的案例，有较好的效果，但陶瓷球轴承非常昂贵，很难大规模应用，特别是在一些对成本要求高的应用场合。对于第（3）种方法，提出了多种的降低轴电压的发明技术，其中，发明专利CN101971460B提出，在电机转子的内侧与外侧之间设置绝缘层，提高转子的阻抗，可以大幅降低轴电压，从几十伏降低到十伏以内，并且随着绝缘层的厚度增加，轴电压逐渐变小。在实际中也可以看到该技术在一些电机产品中的应用。但是，在一些功率较大的塑封直流电机中，往往得不到轴电压的改善，反而会出现轴电压变大，导致轴承电腐蚀风险增加的情况。
 技术问题
本申请实施例的目的之一在于：提供一种电机及电器设备，以解决大功率电机轴承电腐蚀的技术问题。
 技术解决方案
为解决上述技术问题，本申请实施例采用的技术方案是：
第一方面，提供了一种电机，包括：
定子，其包括具有绕组的定子铁芯；
转子，其转动安装在所述定子上，所述转子包括转子芯和位于所述转子芯中心且连接于所述转子芯的转子轴；
轴承，其支承所述转子轴，包括轴承内圈和轴承外圈；
轴承托架，其包括为导电材质且固定和导通所述轴承外圈的轴承支承部；至少一个所述轴承托架还包括为导电材质且连接所述定子的定子托架部，所述定子托架部位于所述轴承支承部的径向外侧，所述轴承支承部和所述定子托架部之间设置有托架绝缘层；以及
电极结构，用于调整所述轴承内圈和所述轴承外圈之间的等效电容；所述电极结构与所述轴承托架电连接，并与所述转子轴之间形成调节电容；或者，所述电极结构与所述转子轴电连接，并与所述轴承托架之间形成调节电容。
第二方面，提供了一种电器设备，包括上述的电机。
 有益效果
本申请实施例提供的电机及电器设备的有益效果在于：
将传统的一体化轴承托架分离为定子托架部和轴承支承部，并在其间设置托架绝缘层，相当于在定子托架部与轴承支承部间增加了绝缘层电容C1。将轴承外圈与定子铁芯之间的电容Cd分解为轴承支承部与定子托架部之间的电容C1和定子托架部与定子铁芯之间的电容C2串联后的等效电容Cd2，再和轴承支承部与定子铁芯之间的电容Cd1并联。
托架绝缘层的设置，一方面可使电容C1远小于C2，而Cd2小于C1；另一方面可使轴承托架的轴承支承部不具有或减小与定子铁芯在电机轴向方向的正对面积，并远离定子铁芯，即可以使得电容Cd1的值也很小，因此，相当于定子侧的等效电容Cd可被大幅降低。
在高频电路的回路中，轴承的外圈与内圈之间也存在电容Cb，轴电压即为电容Cb两端的电压分压，电容Cd相当于串联在电容Cb的轴承外圈侧。因此，通过托架绝缘层的设置降低电容Cd，进而使得电容Cb两端获得更小的电压分压，即降低轴电压，有效降低轴承电腐蚀发生的风险。对于功率较大而采用较大金属外壳以提高安装强度与保障散热的电机，也可以降低电机轴承电腐蚀损伤风险。
电极结构用于调整轴承内圈和轴承外圈之间的等效电容Cb，电极结构与轴承托架电连接，并与转子轴之间形成调节电容C3；或者，电极结构与转子轴电连接，并与轴承托架之间形成调节电容C3。
在轴承电容Cb1和Cb2上并联调节电容C3，以增大等效电容Cb，使等效电容Cb两端的电压差降低。一方面，调节电容C3的并联，会使得等效电容Cb增加，使等效电容Cb获得更小的分压，即轴承的内圈与外圈之间的电压差减小，实现轴电压的降低；另一方面，当调节电容C3相对轴承电容Cb1和Cb2均较大时，轴承托架与转子轴之间的电流会从上述调节电容C3的支路通过，对轴电流进行分流，从而降低从轴承外圈与内圈通过的电流，即轴电流，因此，可大大降低轴承发生电腐蚀损伤的风险。
该电机及具有该电机的电器设备可以有效地降低电机轴电压，从而降低电机轴承电腐蚀损伤风险，提升电机的可靠性。
 附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或示范性技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。
图1为本申请实施例提供的电机的局部剖视图；
图2为图1的电机中应用的轴承支承部与定子托架部的结构示意图；
图3为图2的轴承支承部与定子托架部之间设置托架绝缘层后形成轴承托架的结构示意图；
图4为图3的轴承托架的沿B-B线的剖视图；
图5为图1的电机的立体装配图；
图6为图5的电机与电器设备支架的装配示意图；
图7为图5的电机中应用的导通件的结构示意图；
图8为图5的导通件连接至轴承支承部的装配示意图；
图9为本申请另一实施例提供的电机的局部剖视图；
图10为图9的电机的局部放大图；
图11为图9的电机中应用的电极结构的立体结构图；
图12为本申请另一实施例提供的电机的局部剖视图；
图13为图12的电机中应用的电容调整器的剖视图；
图14为示例性技术提供的电机的局部剖视图。
 本发明的实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本申请。
在本申请实施例的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“长度”、“宽度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本申请的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本申请实施例中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
请参阅图14，示例性的功率较大的塑封直流电机，由于电机功率大，转矩大，温升也高，为了保障电机与使用电机的电设备的安装强度，以及保障电机的散热，一般采用至少1个较大的金属外壳作为电机其中一侧的轴承托架40’，轴承托架40’连接和支承电机的塑封定子10’，并连接固定于电器设备的安装支架，同时也连接和支承电机的其中一侧轴承30’的轴承外圈32’。对于上述方案电机，若采用授权公布号CN101971460B专利所对应的转子的内侧与外侧之间设置有绝缘层的方案，往往得不到轴电压的改善，反而会出现轴电压变大，导致轴承电腐蚀风险增加的情况。申请人发现了具体原因如下：
这种电机采用了绝缘转子20’，转子20’转动安装于定子10’上，由于转子内铁芯213’和外铁芯212’之间设置了转子绝缘层214’，相当于在转子内铁芯213’与转子外铁芯212’之间增加了Cz3，而对于轴承内圈31’到定子铁芯11’的转子侧电容耦合回路，还具有磁体电容Cz2和定子10’与转子20’间气隙电容Cz1，电容Cz1、Cz2和Cz3串联，等效电容设为Cz。一般情况下，转子绝缘层电容Cz3的容值均较小，一般为数十PF，因此，等效电容Cz也较小。
而相对于轴承外圈32’到定子铁芯11’之间的等效电容Cd，由于上述电机的与轴承外圈32’电连接的轴承托架40’的面积较大，且具有与定子铁芯11’的轴向或径向方向正对其靠近的部分，或者由于与该轴承托架40’电连接的电器设备中的金属支架具有与定子铁芯11’靠近的部分，会使得与该轴承托架40’电连接的轴承外圈32’与定子铁芯11’之间的电容Cd较大，一般为数百PF或以上。
由于定子侧的电容Cd和转子侧的电容Cz的一端均连接定子铁芯11’，另一端分别连接轴承外圈32’和轴承内圈31’，Cd与Cz的容值差异大会导致轴承外圈32’和轴承内圈31’之间的电压差较大，即轴电压过大，从而增加30’电腐蚀发生的风险。
请参阅图1、图9、图12，本申请实施例提供一种电机，包括定子10、转子20、轴承30、轴承托架40、电极结构60。定子10包括具有绕组111的定子铁芯11。转子20转动安装在定子10上，转子20包括转子芯21和位于转子芯21中心且连接于转子芯21的转子轴22，转子芯21可以包括永磁体211，转子芯21与转子轴22同步转动。
轴承30用于支承转子轴22，使得转子轴22旋转自如。轴承30包括轴承内圈31和轴承外圈32。轴承内圈31套设于转子轴22的外周面，并沿转子轴22的轴向限位于转子轴22上，轴承内圈31与转子轴22导通。轴承外圈32安装于轴承托架40上，沿径向与轴向限位于轴承托架40上。轴承外圈32与轴承内圈31之间有滚动体33，使得轴承外圈32与轴承内圈31能自如旋转。
请同时参阅图2至图4，轴承托架40包括为导电材质且固定和导通轴承外圈32的轴承支承部41；至少一个轴承托架40还包括为导电材质且连接定子10的定子托架部42，定子托架部42位于轴承支承部41的径向外侧，轴承支承部41和定子托架部42之间设置有托架绝缘层43，使得定子托架部42与轴承支承部41绝缘。
将传统的一体化轴承托架分离为定子托架部42和轴承支承部41，并在其间设置托架绝缘层43，相当于在定子托架部42与轴承支承部41间增加了绝缘层电容C1。将轴承外圈32与定子铁芯11之间的电容Cd分解为轴承支承部41与定子托架部42之间的电容C1和定子托架部42与定子铁芯11之间的电容C2串联后的等效电容Cd2，再和轴承支承部41与定子铁芯11之间的电容Cd1并联。
托架绝缘层43的设置，一方面可使电容C1远小于C2，而Cd2小于C1；另一方面可使轴承托架40的轴承支承部41不具有或减小与定子铁芯11在电机轴向方向的正对面积，并远离定子铁芯11，即可以使得电容Cd1的值也很小，因此，相当于定子侧的等效电容Cd可被大幅降低。
在高频电路的回路中，轴承外圈32与轴承内圈31之间也存在电容Cb，轴电压即为电容Cb两端的电压分压，电容Cd相当于串联在电容Cb的轴承外圈侧。因此，通过托架绝缘层43的设置降低电容Cd，使其与串联在轴承内圈侧的较小的电容Cz平衡，进而使得电容Cb两端获得更小的电压分压，即降低轴电压，有效降低轴承30电腐蚀发生的风险。对于功率较大而采用较大金属外壳以提高安装强度与保障散热的电机，也可以降低电机轴承30电腐蚀损伤风险。
电机还包括电极结构60，用于调整轴承内圈31和轴承外圈32之间的等效电容Cb，有两类方案。请参阅图1、图4，第一类方案是：电极结构60与轴承托架40电连接，相当于在靠近于转子轴22处增加了一个导电性极板，该极板与转子轴22之间形成调节电容C3，且电极结构（即极板）与轴承托架40电连接，可视为轴承内圈31借助转子轴22得以延伸一部分，轴承外圈32借助电极结构50得以延伸一部分，该两处延伸部分具有正对面积且不导通，从而形成调节电容C3，相当于上述调节电容C3并联在轴承外圈32与轴承内圈31之间。
请参阅图9至图13，第二类方案是：电极结构60与转子轴22电连接，相当于在转子轴22上增加了一个与转子轴22等电位的导电性极板。轴承托架40与电极结构60间隔设置，轴承托架40与轴承外圈32电连接，相当于在轴承外圈32上增加了一个与轴承外圈32等电位的极板。上述两个极板之间形成调节电容C3，而转子轴22与轴承内圈31电连接，因此，相当于调节电容C3并联在轴承外圈32与轴承内圈31之间。
其中，电连接包括直接与间接导电连接，以及经过大电容的连接。经过大电容的连接，比如，两个金属部件之间具有很薄的绝缘层，只要两个金属部件距离足够近，正对面积足够大，就会使两个金属部件之间的电容值足够大。
对于上述两类方案，假如在转子芯21两端分别设置一个轴承30，共两个轴承30，其中一个轴承30的外圈32与轴承内圈31之间在高频等效电路上也可以等效为一个耦合电容Cb1，另外一个轴承30的轴承外圈32与轴承内圈31之间在高频等效电路上也可以等效为一个耦合电容Cb2，轴电压即为Cb1和Cb2上的电压分压。
每个轴承30会分别安装于一个轴承托架40上，两个轴承的轴承内圈31均与转子轴导22电连接。为了简化分析，按照两个轴承托架40电连接的情况进行说明，则上述电容Cb1和Cb2相当于并联连接。上述电极结构60的设置，相当于在轴承电容Cb1和Cb2上并联了调节电容C3，Cb1、Cb2和C3并联的总电容即为上述的“等效电容”，可以理解，当两个轴承托架40（或轴承外圈32）非电连接的情况下，Cb1或Cb2与C3并联，二者并联总电容即为上述的“等效电容”。而上述Cb1和Cb2分别为对应轴承本身的轴承电容，其与轴承自身的轴承内圈和轴承外圈的正对面积相关，对于既定的轴承，轴承电容也是确定的。等效电容记为Cb，通过调整电极结构60与转子轴22（第一类方案）或者电极结构60与轴承托架40（第二类方案）的正对面积以及两者之间的气隙大小，可以有效改变调节电容C3的大小以及等效电容Cb的大小。为了方便说明，设轴承外圈32通过轴承托架40与定子铁芯11形成的电容为Cd，轴承内圈31通过转子轴22、永磁体211、定子10和转子20之间气隙与定子铁芯11形成的等效电容为Cz。整个电机形成的耦合电容回路包含了上述等效电容Cb、Cd、Cz。
在轴承电容Cb1和Cb2上并联调节电容C3，以增大等效电容Cb，使等效电容Cb两端的电压差降低。一方面，调节电容C3的并联，会使得等效电容Cb增加，使等效电容Cb获得更小的分压，即轴承内圈31与轴承外圈32之间的电压差减小，实现轴电压的降低；另一方面，当调节电容C3相对轴承电容Cb1和Cb2均较大时，轴承托架40与转子轴22之间的电流会从上述调节电容C3的支路通过，对轴电流进行分流，从而降低从轴承外圈32与轴承内圈31通过的电流，即轴电流，因此，可大大降低轴承30发生电腐蚀损伤的风险。
该电机及具有该电机的电器设备可以有效地降低电机轴电压，从而降低电机轴承30电腐蚀损伤风险，提升电机的可靠性。
请参阅图1，在本申请另一实施例中，轴承30的数量为二，两个轴承30沿转子芯21的轴向间隔设置于转子芯21的两侧，每一轴承30均设置有一轴承托架40。两组轴承30间隔设置，在轴向方向上位于夹着转子芯21的位置，支承转子轴22自如旋转。两组轴承30分别安装在两个轴承托架40上。轴伸侧X的轴承托架40与定子铁芯11外部塑封成型塑封壳12，非轴伸侧X’的轴承托架40安装在塑封壳12上。图9、图12所示的电机为配置两个轴承30与两个轴承托架40的另外两个实施例。
请参阅图1、图5至图8，在本申请另一实施例中，两个轴承托架40的轴承支承部41通过导通件50电连接，导通件50与定子托架部42绝缘，则相当于将两个轴承外圈32电连接，而两个轴承内圈31通过转子轴22电连接，因此，上述调节的效果将同时影响两个轴承30的轴电压，起到同时降低两个轴承30的电腐蚀发生风险的效果。
在本实施例中，请参阅图7、图8，导通件50包括两个间隔设置的接线端51以及连接于两个接线端51之间且外表面为绝缘部的电源线52。两个接线端51可分别连接至两个轴承托架40的轴承支承部41，使得两个轴承托架40导通，电源线52结构紧凑，容易装配。请同时参阅图5，具体地，两个轴承托架40分别位于轴伸侧X与非轴伸侧X’。电源线52的一部分沿定子10的轴向设置在塑封壳12的外周面，电源线52的另一部分沿定子10的径向设置在塑封壳12其中一端面。位于轴伸侧X的轴承托架40覆盖定子铁芯11的另一端面。整体结构占用空间小。
在本实施例中，请参阅图8，每一轴承托架40的轴承支承部41上均设置有连接孔411，两个接线端51一一对应电连接于两个连接孔411处。电源线52的接线端51抵接在连接孔411处，并通过紧固件53将接线端51固定在轴承支承部41上。该方案容易装配，结构紧凑，让两个轴承托架40导通，进而将两个轴承外圈导通32。
请参阅图1、图6，在本申请另一实施例中，在其中一个轴承托架40与定子铁芯11外部一体塑封成型塑封壳12,使得轴承托架40与定子铁芯11绝缘。具体地，可以用树脂材料塑封形成塑封壳12。定子10塑封壳12的外表面设有用于安装电源线52的安装槽121。在装配时，电源线52安装在安装槽121内，便于电源线52装配。
请参阅图1、图4，在本申请另一实施例中，定子托架部42为金属件，用于形成电容。具体地，定子托架部42可以采用铝或其它金属材料，容易冲压与拉伸成型。
请参阅图2至图4，在本申请另一实施例中，对于具有托架绝缘层43的轴承托架40，托架绝缘层43为通过在定子托架部42和轴承支承部41之间的区域注塑成型。在定子托架部42和轴承支承部41之间注塑成型托架绝缘层43，使得轴承托架40作为一个整体，并且让定子托架部42和轴承支承部41相互绝缘。托架绝缘层43可以采用热固性材料制作，热固性材料绝缘性好。具体地，绝缘层的材料为BMC（英文全称为Bulk Molding Compound，中文名称为团状模塑料）或PBT（英文全称为polybutylene terephthalate，中文名称为聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯）或其它绝缘材料，按需设置。
请参阅图2、图3，在本申请另一实施例中，定子托架部42具有若干个朝向轴承托架40径向内侧延伸的第一臂部421；轴承支承部41具有若干个朝向轴承托架40径向外侧延伸的第二臂部412；第一臂部421和第二臂部412嵌入托架绝缘层43内。设置第一臂部421与第二臂部412，是为了在注塑成型托架绝缘层43时第一臂部421与第二臂部412伸入托架绝缘层43，让托架绝缘层43更牢固地与定子托架部42、轴承支承部41结合在一起，同时第一臂部421与第二臂部412能提高托架绝缘层43区域的结构强度。
在本实施例中，第一臂部421和第二臂部412成对设置，且在电机的径向方向至少部分相对。该方案能更好地让托架绝缘层43更牢固地与定子托架部42、轴承支承部41结合在一起，同时能提高托架绝缘层43区域的结构强度。
请参阅图2、图3，在本申请另一实施例中，定子托架部42具有若干个沿轴承托架40轴向方向延伸的第一贯穿孔422，第一贯穿孔422至少部分埋设于托架绝缘层43；轴承支承部41具有若干个沿轴承托架40轴向方向延伸的第二贯穿孔，第二贯穿孔至少部分埋设于托架绝缘层43。设置第一贯穿孔422与第二贯穿孔，是为了在注塑成型托架绝缘层43时绝缘材料进入第一贯穿孔422与第二贯穿孔，增大托架绝缘层43与定子托架部42、轴承支承部41的接触面积，让托架绝缘层43更牢固地与定子托架部42、轴承支承部41结合在一起。
请参阅图3、图4、图6，在本申请另一实施例中，定子托架部42具有第一固定部423，第一固定部423与塑封壳12连接，实现具有定子托架部42的轴承托架40装配在塑封壳12上。在本实施例中，可以通过螺钉425将轴承托架40连接至塑封壳12上，容易装配。
在本申请另一实施例中，定子托架部42具有第二固定部424，第二固定部424与使用电机的电器设备的支架70连接，实现电机的固定。支架70为金属材质，且第二固定部424与支架70电连接。具体地，第二固定部424与支架70通过电源线电连接。支架70与电器设备的电源地或与大地电连接。设置托架绝缘层43，使定子侧电容Cd降低，使与之串联的轴承电容Cb两端的获得更小的分压，即轴电压降低；并削弱定子托架部42所连接的电器设备的支架70对轴电压的影响。
请参阅图1，在本申请另一实施例中，电机的转子20采用绝缘转子20构造，即转子轴22和转子芯21的外周面之间具有转子绝缘层214。例如在转子20外铁芯212与转子20内铁芯213之间设置转子绝缘层214，如前，此种方案可使与轴承内圈31连接的转子侧的等效电容Cz较小，此种情况下，通过在轴承托架40的定子托架部42与轴承支承部41间设置托架绝缘层43，可降低电容Cd的值，通过调整轴承支承部41与定子托架部42的正对面积及其间距，以及调整托架绝缘层43的材料的介电常数等手段，可改变电容C1的值，从而改变电容Cd的值。具体地，转子绝缘层214可以采用PBT或橡胶制作。图9、图11所示的电机为类似的另外两个实施例。
在本实施例中，使轴承外圈32到定子铁芯11之间的等效电容Cd减小至与轴承内圈31到定子铁芯11之间的等效电容Cz相匹配（近似）时，轴承外圈32与轴承内圈31的电位相接近，可以大大降低轴承外圈32与轴承内圈31之间的电压差，即降低轴电压，从而有效降低轴承30电蚀发生的风险。
请参阅图1、图4，在本申请另一实施例中，电极结构包括设置于至少一个轴承托架40的轴承支承部41上的轴套部64，轴套部64与轴承支承部41电连接，轴套部64与转子轴22之间具有沿着转子轴22径向方向延展的第一气隙643。参考前面第一类方案的分析，相当于在转子轴22与轴承支承部41之间加入了调节电容C3。整个电机形成的耦合电容回路包含了上述等效电容Cb、Cd、Cz。因此，轴套部64的设置，一方面，可以增大等效电容Cb，使Cb两端（即轴承外圈32和轴承内圈31）在和与其串联的定子侧电容Cd组成的回路中，获得较小的电压分压，即较小的轴电压；另一方面，轴承托架40与转子轴22之间的电流会从上述调节电容C3的支路通过，对轴电流进行分流，从而降低从轴承外圈32与轴承内圈31通过的电流，即轴电流，因此，可大大降低轴承30发生电腐蚀损伤的风险。
在本申请另一实施例中，转子轴22的轴向方向的一端具有沿着轴向方向延伸的轴孔221，轴套部64包括位于转子轴22外周面外侧的外轴套641和伸入轴孔221内的内轴套642，内轴套642位于外轴套641以内。通过设置外轴套641套设于转子轴22，并设置伸入转子轴22的内轴套642，以增大轴套部64与转子轴22的正对面积，以增大调节电容C3。在轴套部64与转子轴22之间形成调节电容C3，且该调节电容C3与轴承电容Cb1和Cb2并联。一方面可降低轴承外圈32与轴承内圈31之间的轴电压；另一方面可以对轴电流进行分流，是轴承托架40与转子轴22间的电流从上述调节电容C3支路分流，有效降低流过轴承外圈32与轴承内圈31的轴电流。具体地，外轴套641和内轴套642的同一端面连接有封闭板644。封闭板644能避免异物进入轴孔221与电机内部，以确保轴套部64可靠工作。
在本申请另一实施例中，第一气隙643的径向方向的截面形状为与转子轴22同心的圆环形。在转子轴22与轴套部64之间形成预定数值的调节电容C3，且该调节电容C3与轴承电容Cb1和Cb2并联。
在本申请另一实施例中，第一气隙643的径向方向的距离小于或等于0.3mm，能使调节电容C3的数值比较大，以增大等效电容Cb，使等效电容Cb两端获得更小的分压，即轴承内圈31与轴承外圈32之间的电压差减小，实现轴电压的降低。同时，使调节电容C3大于轴承电容Cb1和Cb2，可使等效电容Cb两端的电量更多地集中在调节电容C3的两端，即相当于集中在轴套部64和与轴套部64靠近的转子轴22上，以降低轴电流。
在本申请另一实施例中，轴套部64与轴承支承部41为一体成型的金属件，采用一体成型工艺，比如冲压与拉伸，容易加工。具体地，轴套部64与轴承支承部41可以为铝制件或其它金属件，能实现导电，而且容易压制成型。
请参阅图9、图12，在本申请另一实施例中，电极结构60设置于转子轴22上，该方案容易装配。电极结构60与轴承托架40之间形成调节电容C3，而转子轴22与轴承内圈31电连接，因此，相当于调节电容C3并联在轴承外圈32与轴承内圈31之间。参考前面第二类方案的分析，整个电机形成的耦合电容回路包含了上述等效电容Cb、Cd、Cz。在轴承电容Cb1和Cb2上并联调节电容C3，以增大等效电容Cb，使等效电容Cb两端的电压差降低。一方面，调节电容C3的并联，会使得等效电容Cb增加，使等效电容Cb在与轴承外圈32串联等效电容Cd以及与轴承内圈31串联电容Cz的等效回路中获得更小的分压，即轴承内圈31与轴承外圈32之间的电压差减小，实现轴电压的降低；另一方面，轴承托架40与转子轴22之间的电流会从上述调节电容C3的支路通过，对轴电流进行分流，从而降低从轴承外圈32与轴承内圈31通过的电流，即轴电流，因此，可大大降低轴承30发生电腐蚀损伤的风险。
请参阅图9至图11，在本申请另一实施例中，电极结构60包括若干个依次套设并间隔设置的第一导电筒61，第一导电筒61环绕转子轴22设置并沿着轴向方向延展，第一导电筒61与转子轴22电连接。相当于在转子轴22上增加了一个与转子轴22等电位的导电性极板。靠近于电极结构60的轴承托架40的轴承支承部41上设有若干个第二导电筒45，第二导电筒45环绕转子轴22设置并沿着轴向方向延展，第二导电筒45与轴承支承部41电连接；相当于在轴承外圈32上增加了一个与轴承外圈32等电位的极板。第一导电筒61与第二导电筒45在电机的径向方向上相对配置，其间具有沿着转子轴22轴向方向延展的第二气隙611。上述两个极板之间形成调节电容C3，而转子轴22与轴承内圈31电连接，因此，调节电容C3相当于并联在轴承外圈32与轴承内圈31之间。一方面可降低轴承外圈32与轴承内圈31之间的轴电压；另一方面可以对轴电流进行分流，是轴承托架40与转子轴22间的电流从上述调节电容C3支路分流，有效降低流过轴承外圈32与轴承内圈31的轴电压与轴电流。采用第一导电筒61与第二导电筒45的方案，便于电机内部热量经过转子轴22与最内层第二导电筒45之间的气隙以及第一导电筒61与第二导电筒45之间的气隙，传递至外部，有利于电机散热。另外，环形气隙的距离可以不同，便于第一导电筒61与第二导电筒45的加工。
在本实施例中，第二导电筒45中的最靠近转子轴22的第二导电筒45与转子轴22的外周面之间具有沿着转子轴22轴向方向延展的第三气隙612。在最内层第二导电筒45与转子轴22之间形成预定数值的调节电容，且该调节电容与轴承电容Cb1和Cb2并联。
在本实施例中，第二气隙611和第三气隙612的径向方向的截面形状为与转子轴22同心的圆环形。圆环形的第二气隙611和第三气隙612形成预定数值的调节电容，且该调节电容与轴承电容Cb1和Cb2并联，有效降低流过轴承外圈32与轴承内圈31的轴电压与轴电流。
在本实施例中，第二气隙611的径向方向的距离小于或等于0.3mm；第三气隙612的径向方向的距离小于或等于0.3mm。能使调节电容C3的数值比较大，调节电容C3并联在轴承电容Cb1和Cb2上，增大等效电容Cb，使等效电容Cb两端获得更小的分压，即轴承内圈31与轴承外圈32之间的电压差减小，实现轴电压的降低。同时，使得调节电容C3大于轴承电容Cb1和Cb2，可使等效电容Cb两端的电量更多地集中在调节电容C3的两端，即相当于集中在第一导电筒61与第二导电筒45之间以及最内层第二导电筒45与转子轴22之间，以降低轴电流。
在本申请另一实施例中，电极结构60还包括轴安装部62和连接轴安装部62与第一导电筒61的端板63，轴安装部62固设于转子轴22并与转子轴22电连接。轴安装部62、端板63与第一导电筒61的结构容易成型。轴安装部62固设于转子轴22并与转子轴22电连接，该方案容易装配，确保第一导电筒61与转子轴22电连接。
在本实施例中，第一导电筒61通过端板63与轴安装部62电连接，让所有第一导电筒61通过轴安装部62与转子轴22电连接。
请参阅图12、图13，在本申请另一实施例中，电极结构60包括与转子轴22连接的、沿着转子轴22径向延展的导电极板65，相当于在转子轴22上增加了一个与转子轴22等电位的导电性极板。靠近导电极板65的轴承托架40为金属件，轴承托架40靠近导电极板65的区域相当于在轴承外圈32上增加了一个与轴承外圈32等电位的极板。导电极板65和轴承托架40之间具有第四气隙651。上述两个极板之间形成调节电容C3，而转子轴22与轴承内圈31电连接，因此，调节电容C3相当于并联在轴承外圈32与轴承内圈31之间。一方面可降低轴承外圈32与轴承内圈31之间的轴电压；另一方面可以对轴电流进行分流，是轴承托架40与转子轴22间的电流从上述调节电容C3支路分流，有效降低流过轴承外圈32与轴承内圈31的轴电流。电极结构60还包括轴安装部62，用于与转子轴22连接。
在本实施例中，第四气隙651的轴向方向的距离小于或等于0.3mm。能使调节电容C3的数值比较大，调节电容C3并联在轴承电容Cb1和Cb2上，增大等效电容Cb，使等效电容Cb两端获得更小的分压，即轴承内圈31与轴承外圈32之间的电压差减小，实现轴电压的降低。同时，使得调节电容C3大于轴承电容Cb1和Cb2，可使等效电容Cb两端的电量更多地集中在调节电容C3的两端，即相当于集中在轴承托架40与导电极板65上，以降低轴电流。
请参阅图10，在本申请另一实施例中，轴安装部62固设于转子轴22的一端部，转子轴22的端部沿着轴向方向设置有轴孔221，轴安装部62包括朝向轴承托架40一侧设置且与轴孔221配对的固定柱621，固定柱621至少部分固设于轴孔221。将固定柱621固定在轴孔221后，即可让第一导电筒61安装在转子轴22上并与转子轴22电连接，装配与拆卸方便。图12所示电机为设置固定柱621与轴孔221的另一个实施例。
在本申请另一实施例中，固定柱621通过压接方式固定于轴孔221。采用压接方式装配能将固定柱621紧紧地固定在轴孔221内，确保电机工作时第一导电筒61连接在转子轴22上的可靠性，避免在转子轴22旋转时发生第一导电筒61脱离的情况。
在本申请另一实施例中，固定柱621外周面设置有外螺纹，轴孔221内设置有与外螺纹螺纹配合的内螺纹。通过螺纹连接实现第一导电筒61固定安装在转子轴22上，连接牢固可靠。
在本申请另一实施例中，轴承外圈32与轴承内圈31之间还有滚动体33和油脂，形成的电容主要取决于油膜，在轴承30静止的状态，轴承电容是较大的，旋转起来后，转速越高，越均匀，则形成的轴承油膜越均匀，对应的轴承电容越小，一般情况下，转速超过1500r/min后，轴承电容值基本稳定。对一种常用的608轴承实测，1000r/min、1500r/min和2000r/min对应的轴承电容分别为55PF、33PF、32PF。即轴承电容的基础值在30PF以上。设置电极结构60，如图1、图4所示的电极结构60与转子轴22之间形成调节电容C3，如图9至图13所示的轴承托架40与电极结构60之间形成调节电容C3。该调节电容C3为空气电容，空气的相对介电常数和绝对介电常数是固定的。因此决定调节电容C3的是正对面积与气隙距离。若气隙两侧的正对面积与气隙距离之比大于或等于3.4m，则可形成大于30PF的调节电容C3。进而使调节电容C3大于或远大于轴承电容Cb1和Cb2，可使等效电容Cb两端的电量更多地集中在电容C3的两端，即相当于集中在电极结构60与转子轴22（第一类方案），或者相当于集中在电极结构60与轴承托架40（第二类方案），如此，轴承托架40与转子轴22之间的电流大部分从调整电容C3的支路通过，对轴电流进行分流，从而大大降低从轴承外圈32与轴承内圈31通过的电流，即轴电流，因此，可大大降低轴承30发生电腐蚀损伤的风险。
具体地，参阅图1、图4，在轴套部64与转子轴22之间形成第一气隙643时，使第一气隙643的正对面积与距离的比值大于或等于3.4m。进而使调节电容C3大于或远大于轴承电容Cb1和Cb2，实现上述降低轴电流以降低轴承30电腐蚀的效果。
参阅图9至图13，在第一导电筒61与第二导电筒45之间形成第二气隙611且最内层的第二导电筒45与转子轴22的外周面之间形成第三气隙612时，使第二气隙611的正对面积与距离的比值与第三气隙612的正对面积与距离的比值之和大于或等于3.4m。进而使调节电容C3大于或远大于轴承电容Cb1和Cb2，实现上述降低轴电流以降低轴承30电腐蚀的效果。
参阅图12，在导电极板65和轴承托架40之间形成第四气隙651时，使第四气隙651的正对面积与距离的比值大于或等于3.4m。进而使调节电容C3大于或远大于轴承电容Cb1和Cb2，实现上述降低轴电流以降低轴承30电腐蚀的效果。
在本申请另一实施例中，电极结构60为一体模制成型的金属件，采用一体模制成型工艺容易加工。具体地，电极结构60可以为铝制件或其它金属件，能实现导电，而且容易成型。
在本申请另一实施例中，提供一种电器设备，包括上述的电机。
将传统的一体化轴承托架分离为定子托架部42和轴承支承部41，并在其间设置托架绝缘层43，相当于在定子托架部42与轴承支承部41间增加了绝缘层电容C1。将轴承外圈32与定子铁芯11之间的电容Cd分解为轴承支承部41与定子托架部42之间的电容C1和定子托架部42与定子铁芯11之间的电容C2串联后的等效电容Cd2，再和轴承支承部41与定子铁芯11之间的电容Cd1并联。
托架绝缘层43的设置，一方面可使电容C1远小于C2，而Cd2小于C1；另一方面可使轴承托架40的轴承支承部41不具有或减小与定子铁芯11在电机轴向方向的正对面积，并远离定子铁芯11，即可以使得电容Cd1的值也很小，因此，相当于定子侧的等效电容Cd可被大幅降低。
在高频电路的回路中，轴承外圈32与轴承内圈31之间也存在电容Cb，轴电压即为电容Cb两端的电压分压，电容Cd相当于串联在电容Cb的轴承外圈侧。因此，通过托架绝缘层43的设置降低电容Cd，进而使得电容Cb两端获得更小的电压分压，即降低轴电压，有效降低轴承30电腐蚀发生的风险。对于功率较大而采用较大金属外壳以提高安装强度与保障散热的电机，也可以降低电机轴承30电腐蚀损伤风险。
电极结构60用于调整轴承内圈31和轴承外圈32之间的等效电容Cb，电极结构60与轴承托架40电连接，并与转子轴22之间形成调节电容C3；或者，电极结构60与转子轴22电连接，并与轴承托架40之间形成调节电容C3。在轴承电容Cb1和Cb2上并联调节电容C3，以增大等效电容Cb，使等效电容Cb两端的电压差降低。一方面，调节电容C3的并联，会使得等效电容Cb增加，使等效电容Cb获得更小的分压，即轴承内圈31与轴承外圈32之间的电压差减小，实现轴电压的降低；另一方面，当调节电容C3相对轴承电容Cb1和Cb2均较大时，轴承托架40与转子轴22之间的电流会从上述调节电容C3的支路通过，对轴电流进行分流，从而降低从轴承外圈32与轴承内圈31通过的电流，即轴电流，因此，可大大降低轴承30发生电腐蚀损伤的风险。
该电机及具有该电机的电器设备可以有效地降低电机轴电压，从而降低电机轴承30电腐蚀损伤风险，提升电机的可靠性。
以上仅为本申请的可选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请。对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的权利要求范围之内。

Claims (20)

  1. 电机，其特征在于，包括：
    定子，其包括具有绕组的定子铁芯；
    转子，其转动安装在所述定子上，所述转子包括转子芯和位于所述转子芯中心且连接于所述转子芯的转子轴；
    轴承，其支承所述转子轴，包括轴承内圈和轴承外圈；
    轴承托架，其包括为导电材质且固定和导通所述轴承外圈的轴承支承部；至少一个所述轴承托架还包括为导电材质且连接所述定子的定子托架部，所述定子托架部位于所述轴承支承部的径向外侧，所述轴承支承部和所述定子托架部之间设置有托架绝缘层；以及
    电极结构，用于调整所述轴承内圈和所述轴承外圈之间的等效电容；所述电极结构与所述轴承托架电连接，并与所述转子轴之间形成调节电容；或者，所述电极结构与所述转子轴电连接，并与所述轴承托架之间形成调节电容。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电机，其特征在于，所述轴承的数量为二，两个所述轴承沿所述转子芯的轴向间隔设置于所述转子芯的两侧，每一所述轴承均连接一个所述轴承托架。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的电机，其特征在于，两个所述轴承托架的轴承支承部通过导通件电连接，所述导通件与所述定子托架部绝缘。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的电机，其特征在于，在其中一个所述轴承托架与所述定子铁芯外部一体塑封成型塑封壳。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的电机，其特征在于，对于具有所述托架绝缘层的所述轴承托架，所述托架绝缘层为通过在所述定子托架部和所述轴承支承部之间的区域注塑成型。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的电机，其特征在于，所述定子托架部具有若干个朝向所述轴承托架径向内侧延伸的第一臂部；所述轴承支承部具有若干个朝向所述轴承托架径向外侧延伸的第二臂部；所述第一臂部和第二臂部嵌入所述托架绝缘层内；所述第一臂部和所述第二臂部成对设置，且在所述轴承托架的径向方向至少部分相对。
  7. 如权利要求5所述的电机，其特征在于，所述定子托架部具有若干个沿所述轴承托架轴向方向延伸的第一贯穿孔，所述第一贯穿孔至少部分埋设于所述托架绝缘层；
    和/或，所述轴承支承部具有若干个沿所述电机轴向方向延伸的第二贯穿孔，所述第二贯穿孔至少部分埋设于所述托架绝缘层。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的电机，其特征在于，所述转子轴和所述转子芯的外周面之间具有转子绝缘层。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的电机，其特征在于，所述轴承外圈到所述定子铁芯之间的等效电容与所述轴承内圈到所述定子铁芯之间的等效电容相匹配。
  10. 如权利要求1至9任一项所述的电机，其特征在于，所述电极结构包括设置于至少一个所述轴承托架的轴承支承部上的轴套部，所述轴套部与所述轴承支承部电连接，所述轴套部与所述转子轴之间具有沿着所述转子轴径向方向延展的第一气隙，所述第一气隙的径向方向的截面形状为与所述转子轴同心的圆环形。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的电机，其特征在于，所述转子轴的轴向方向的一端具有沿着轴向方向延伸的轴孔，所述轴套部包括位于所述转子轴外周面外侧的外轴套和伸入所述轴孔内的内轴套，所述内轴套位于所述外轴套以内。
  12. 如权利要求10所述的电机，其特征在于，所述第一气隙的正对面积与距离的比值大于或等于3.4m。
  13. 如权利要求10所述的电机，其特征在于，所述轴套部与所述轴承支承部为一体成型的金属件。
  14. 如权利要求1至9任一项所述的电机，其特征在于，所述电极结构设置于所述转子轴上，所述电极结构为一体模制成型的金属件。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的电机，其特征在于，所述电极结构包括若干个依次套设并间隔设置的第一导电筒，所述第一导电筒环绕所述转子轴设置并沿着轴向方向延展，所述第一导电筒与所述转子轴电连接；
    靠近于所述电极结构的所述轴承托架的轴承支承部上设有若干个第二导电筒，所述第二导电筒环绕所述转子轴设置并沿着轴向方向延展，所述第二导电筒与所述轴承支承部电连接；
    所述第一导电筒与所述第二导电筒在所述电机的径向方向上相对配置，其间具有沿着所述转子轴轴向方向延展的第二气隙。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的电机，其特征在于，所述第二导电筒中的最靠近所述转子轴的所述第二导电筒与所述转子轴的外周面之间具有沿着所述转子轴轴向方向延展的第三气隙，所述第二气隙和所述第三气隙的径向方向的截面形状为与所述转子轴同心的圆环形。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的电机，其特征在于，所述第二气隙的正对面积与距离的比值与所述第三气隙的正对面积与距离的比值之和大于或等于3.4m。
  18. 如权利要求14所述的电机，其特征在于，所述电极结构包括与转子轴连接的、沿着所述转子轴径向延展的导电极板，靠近所述导电极板的所述轴承托架为金属件，所述导电极板和所述轴承托架之间具有第四气隙。
  19. 如权利要求18所述的电机，其特征在于，所述第四气隙的正对面积与距离的比值大于或等于3.4m。
  20. 电器设备，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1至19任一项所述的电机。
PCT/CN2019/111665 2019-07-26 2019-10-17 电机及具有该电机的电器设备 WO2021017191A1 (zh)

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