WO2021012628A1 - 一种用于树脂基复合材料的抗烧蚀涂层材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种用于树脂基复合材料的抗烧蚀涂层材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2021012628A1
WO2021012628A1 PCT/CN2020/000141 CN2020000141W WO2021012628A1 WO 2021012628 A1 WO2021012628 A1 WO 2021012628A1 CN 2020000141 W CN2020000141 W CN 2020000141W WO 2021012628 A1 WO2021012628 A1 WO 2021012628A1
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powder
resin
coating material
based composite
ablation
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PCT/CN2020/000141
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French (fr)
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田浩亮
庞洁
王长亮
郭孟秋
张欢欢
高俊国
于洋
汤智慧
崔永静
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中国航发北京航空材料研究院
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Priority to US17/420,561 priority Critical patent/US20220118654A1/en
Publication of WO2021012628A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021012628A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29B9/00—Making granules
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/88—Adding charges, i.e. additives
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
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    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L29/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical; Compositions of hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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    • C08L83/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D1/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/18—Fireproof paints including high temperature resistant paints
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
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    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B9/00—Making granules
    • B29B9/12—Making granules characterised by structure or composition
    • B29B2009/125—Micropellets, microgranules, microparticles
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29K2029/00—Use of polyvinylalcohols, polyvinylethers, polyvinylaldehydes, polyvinylketones or polyvinylketals or derivatives thereof as moulding material
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/25—Solid
    • B29K2105/251—Particles, powder or granules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29K2283/00—Use of polymers having silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only, in the main chain, as reinforcement
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    • C08K9/02—Ingredients treated with inorganic substances

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of resin-based composite material thermal protection coating materials, and specifically relates to an anti-ablation coating material for resin-based composite materials and a preparation method thereof, in particular to the anti-ablation coating material for polyimide resin-based composite materials. Ablation and thermal protection.
  • Polyimide resin-based composite materials have a series of advantages such as high specific strength, strong designability, and good fatigue fracture resistance. They have been used in aero-engine outer casing, stator blades, rotor blades, containment casings and engine nacelles. , It has been widely used in thrust reverser, and the weight reduction effect is obvious.
  • the service environment of advanced aero-engines is higher, and higher thermal protection requirements are put forward for the service performance of polyimide resin-based composites.
  • it is required to have better performance after high temperature erosion at 800-850°C.
  • the performance stability At present, the polyimide resin-based composite material with the best heat resistance can only be used at around 300°C. To further improve the heat resistance requires an increase in cost and is very difficult. Therefore, through the use of appropriate thermal protection It is more practical to increase the use temperature of the coating than to develop a new high temperature resistant resin-based composite material.
  • thermal protection coatings commonly used in resin-based composite materials at home and abroad mainly include YSZ (Y 2 O 3 stabilized ZrO 2 ) thermal barrier coatings and other ablation types (heat capacity absorption, ablation heat protection, radiation heat dissipation, sweat prevention Thermal) functional coatings are two major categories.
  • YSZ Y 2 O 3 stabilized ZrO 2
  • ablation types heat capacity absorption, ablation heat protection, radiation heat dissipation, sweat prevention Thermal
  • thermal protective coatings on the surface of resin-based composites faces many technical difficulties.
  • the thermal protection mechanism of ablative coatings is to protect the substrate from damage by means of ablation, gasification and carbonization of the coating after high temperature erosion. Achieving better heat protection effect is generally thicker, which will significantly reduce the bonding strength with the composite matrix, and the service life is limited.
  • the thermal barrier coating has low thermal conductivity and appropriate expansion coefficient, and has good thermal insulation performance.
  • the application of thermal protection on metal-based surfaces is relatively mature, but the bonding strength with resin-based composites is low, and there are interlayers
  • the problem of mismatched stress can easily fall off during use and lose heat insulation.
  • the main reason is that relative to the metal matrix, it is impossible for metallurgical reaction or good interlocking between the resin-based composite material and the coating; in addition, the curing temperature of the composite material is low, so it is not possible to pursue high temperature when using thermal spraying technology.
  • the heat source (which greatly facilitates metallurgical bonding), the phase reaction strictly controls the surface temperature of the composite material matrix; in addition, due to the large difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the composite material and the metal or ceramic coating, excessive temperature gradient changes will cause the coating Excessive internal stress is generated between the layer and the substrate to separate the coating from the substrate. How to eliminate these problems to the greatest extent has become the focus of the development of thermal protective coatings on the composite surface.
  • the present invention is based on the advantages of good thermal insulation performance of traditional YSZ thermal barrier ceramic coatings, and at the same time, according to the concept of ablative coating heat protection, proposes the concept of sweat cooling, heat protection and ablation resistance mechanism, and the ablation phase (phenolic resin, modified Silicone resin, polyester, Cu, SiO 2 ) are compounded with YSZ ceramics. Under high temperature conditions, the good heat insulation performance of the ceramic base phase (YSZ) is used to block heat transfer. At the same time, the composite is low in the YSZ ceramic coating. Melting point ablative materials undergo phase changes such as decomposition, melting, gasification or volatilization at high temperatures to take away part of the heat.
  • the gas formed after ablation can not only form a thermal blocking effect on the surface of the coating, but also form a large amount of The pores further reduce the thermal conductivity of the coating, in order to reduce the damage to the coating caused by the internal pressure generated by the decomposition or vaporization of a single ablated material in a very narrow temperature range, and to keep the coating in the entire heat protection During the process, ablation and heat protection may be carried out.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide thermal protection for resin-based composite materials, especially polyimide resin-based composite materials, and to provide a method for forming anti-ablation coatings on the surface of resin-based composite materials.
  • an anti-ablative coating material of the resin-based composite material is yttria stabilized zirconium 2 homogeneous mixture, resins, Cu and SiO, or a mixture of spherical particles spherical Agglomerate material.
  • the mass ratio of yttria stabilized zirconia, resin, Cu, and SiO 2 is: (70 to 75): (3 to 9): (8 to 10): (6 to 17).
  • the resin includes phenolic resin, modified silicone resin and polyester; the mass ratio between phenolic resin, modified silicone resin and polyester is: (1 ⁇ 3):(2 ⁇ 3):( 0 ⁇ 3).
  • Yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) powder with a particle size of 10-20nm, resin powder with a particle size of 1-2 ⁇ m, and a particle size of 3-5 ⁇ m are provided.
  • Cu powder and SiO 2 powder with a particle size of 3 ⁇ 5 ⁇ m are uniformly mixed to form a mixed powder, wherein the mass ratio of yttria stabilized zirconia powder, resin powder, Cu powder and SiO 2 powder is (70 ⁇ 75): (3 ⁇ 9): (8 ⁇ 10): (6 ⁇ 17); the resin powder is phenolic resin powder, modified silicone resin powder and polyester powder; between phenolic resin powder, modified silicone resin powder and polyester powder The mass ratio of is (1 ⁇ 3):(2 ⁇ 3):(0 ⁇ 3); the mixed powder is sprayed and granulated to obtain spherical aggregates or spherical particles.
  • the binder for spray granulation of the mixed powder is polyvinyl alcohol
  • the process parameters of the intermediate layer spray granulation are: heating temperature 60-80°C, stirring time 60-90 min, stirring speed 500-700 rpm/min;
  • the granulation process is carried out under vacuum conditions to obtain spherical agglomerates with a particle size of 30 ⁇ m to 45 ⁇ m.
  • the mixed powder is obtained by ball milling and mixing in a liquid medium (preferably alcohol) during mixing.
  • the ball milling parameters are: rotating speed 10-20 rpm/s, mixing for 10-20 hours; then ultrasonic treatment at a frequency of 10-20 Hz. ⁇ 2 hours; drying treatment at 60 ⁇ 90°C for 1 ⁇ 2 hours.
  • the resin powder is a phenolic resin powder and a modified silicone resin powder; the mass ratio between the phenolic resin powder, the modified silicone resin powder and the polyester powder is (1 ⁇ 3):(2 ⁇ 3).
  • the advantages of the present invention are: 1) The present invention prepares a ceramic matrix with low thermal conductivity by adding metal (Cu), non-metal (SiO 2 ), organic materials (phenolic resin, modified silicone resin, polyester powder) multi-material composite A thermal barrier ablation coating with sweating and exothermic properties.
  • the characteristic of the thermal barrier ablation composite coating is that the YSZ ceramic base phase blocks heat transfer through good thermal insulation performance during service in a high temperature environment, and also uses relatively low melting point ablative materials (Cu, SiO 2 , phenolic resin, Modified silicone resin, polyester powder) decompose, melt, vaporize or volatilize at high temperature and take away part of the heat.
  • the gas formed after ablation can not only form a thermal blocking effect on the surface of the coating, but also can form a large number of pores in the coating to further reduce the thermal conductivity of the coating.
  • the thermal barrier ablation coating with sweating exothermic characteristics designed in the present invention is a composite material of YSZ ceramic phase, organic polymer, low melting point metal, and SiO 2 ablation phase. Compared with adding a single ablation phase, the design material of the present invention In a wide temperature range, the material has the characteristics of ablating and unloading part of the heat.
  • the remaining porous structure further improves the heat insulation and heat protection function, which can effectively extend the time limit of heat balance and reduce the heat input inside the coating It can ensure that the coating will not accumulate heat at the interface of the composite matrix for a long time, which will affect the mechanical properties of the composite.
  • Figure 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of YSZ composite ablation phase (Cu, SiO 2 , phenolic resin, modified silicone resin, polyester) powder prepared in Example 1.
  • an anti-ablative coating material of the resin-based composite material is yttria stabilized zirconium 2 homogeneous mixture, resins, Cu and SiO, or a mixture of spherical particles spherical Agglomerate material.
  • the mass ratio of yttria stabilized zirconia, resin, Cu, and SiO 2 is 72:3:8:17.
  • the resin includes phenolic resin, modified silicone resin and polyester; the mass ratio between the phenolic resin, modified silicone resin and polyester is 1:2:1.
  • Yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) powder with a particle size of 10-20nm, resin powder with a particle size of 1-2 ⁇ m, and a particle size of 3-5 ⁇ m are provided.
  • Cu powder and SiO 2 powder with a particle size of 3 to 5 ⁇ m are uniformly mixed to form a mixed powder, wherein the mass ratio of yttria stabilized zirconia powder, resin powder, Cu powder and SiO 2 powder is 72:3:8:17;
  • the resin powder is phenolic resin powder, modified silicone resin powder and polyester powder; the mass ratio of phenolic resin powder, modified silicone resin powder and polyester powder is 1:2:1; the mixed powder is sprayed Pellets to obtain spherical aggregates or spherical particles.
  • the binder for spray granulation of the mixed powder is polyvinyl alcohol
  • the process parameters of the intermediate layer spray granulation are: heating temperature 60°C, stirring time 60min, stirring speed 500rpm/min; the granulation process is under vacuum conditions Proceeding to obtain spherical agglomerates with a particle size of 30 ⁇ m.
  • the mixed powder is obtained by ball milling and mixing in a liquid medium (preferably alcohol) during mixing.
  • the ball milling parameters are: rotating speed 10 rpm/s, mixing for 10 hours; then ultrasonic treatment at 10 Hz frequency for 1 hour; at 60°C Dry for 1 hour.
  • the resin powder is a phenol resin powder and a modified silicone resin powder; the mass ratio of the phenol resin powder, the modified silicone resin powder and the polyester powder is 1:2.
  • an anti-ablative coating material of the resin-based composite material is yttria stabilized zirconium 2 homogeneous mixture, resins, Cu and SiO, or a mixture of spherical particles spherical Agglomerate material.
  • mass ratio among yttria stabilized zirconia, resin, Cu, and SiO 2 is 72:4:8:16.
  • the resin includes a phenolic resin, a modified silicone resin and a polyester; the mass ratio between the phenolic resin, the modified silicone resin and the polyester is 2:2:1.
  • a method for preparing anti-ablation coating materials for resin-based composite materials which combines yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) powder with a particle size of 15nm, resin powder with a particle size of 1 ⁇ m, Cu powder with a particle size of 3 ⁇ m, and a particle size of 3 ⁇ m.
  • YSZ yttria stabilized zirconia
  • SiO 2 powder is uniformly mixed to form a mixed powder, wherein the mass ratio of yttria stabilized zirconia powder, resin powder, Cu powder and SiO 2 powder is 72:4:8:16; the resin powder is phenolic resin powder, modified Organic silicone resin powder and polyester powder; the mass ratio between phenolic resin powder, modified silicone resin powder and polyester powder is 2:2:1; spray granulation of the mixed powder to obtain spherical aggregates or spherical particles .
  • the binder of the spray granulation of the mixed powder is polyvinyl alcohol.
  • the process parameters of the spray granulation of the intermediate layer are: heating temperature 70°C, stirring time 60min, stirring speed 500rpm/min; the granulation process is carried out under vacuum conditions to obtain Spherical pellets with a particle size of 30 ⁇ m.
  • the mixed powder is obtained by ball milling and mixing in a liquid medium (preferably alcohol) during mixing.
  • the ball milling parameters are: rotating speed 15rpm/s, mixing for 15 hours; then ultrasonic treatment at 15Hz frequency for 1 hour; drying treatment at 70°C 1 hour.
  • the resin powder is a phenolic resin powder and a modified silicone resin powder; the mass ratio between the phenolic resin powder, the modified silicone resin powder and the polyester powder is 2:2.
  • an anti-ablative coating material of the resin-based composite material is yttria stabilized zirconium 2 homogeneous mixture, resins, Cu and SiO, or a mixture of spherical particles spherical Agglomerate material.
  • mass ratio among yttria stabilized zirconia, resin, Cu, and SiO 2 is 74:8:8:10.
  • the resin includes a phenolic resin, a modified silicone resin and a polyester; the mass ratio between the phenolic resin, the modified silicone resin and the polyester is 2:2:2.
  • a method for preparing anti-ablation coating materials for resin-based composite materials which combines yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) powder with a particle size of 15nm, resin powder with a particle size of 2 ⁇ m, Cu powder with a particle size of 2 ⁇ m, and a particle size of 4 ⁇ m.
  • YSZ yttria stabilized zirconia
  • SiO 2 powder is uniformly mixed to form a mixed powder, wherein the mass ratio of yttria stabilized zirconia powder, resin powder, Cu powder and SiO 2 powder is 74:8:8:10; the resin powder is phenolic resin powder, modified Silicone resin powder and polyester powder; the mass ratio between phenolic resin powder, modified silicone resin powder and polyester powder is 2:2:2; the mixed powder is sprayed and granulated to obtain spherical agglomerates or spherical particles .
  • the binder of the spray granulation of the mixed powder is polyvinyl alcohol.
  • the process parameters of the spray granulation of the intermediate layer are: heating temperature 70°C, stirring time 80min, stirring speed 600rpm/min; the granulation process is carried out under vacuum conditions to obtain Spherical pellets with a particle size of 45 ⁇ m.
  • the mixed powder is obtained by ball milling and mixing in a liquid medium (preferably alcohol) during mixing.
  • the parameters of the ball milling are: rotating speed 15rpm/s, mixing for 15 hours; then ultrasonic treatment at 20Hz frequency for 2 hours; drying treatment at 90°C 2 hours.
  • the resin powder is a phenolic resin powder and a modified silicone resin powder; the mass ratio between the phenolic resin powder, the modified silicone resin powder and the polyester powder is 2:2.
  • an anti-ablative coating material of the resin-based composite material is yttria stabilized zirconium 2 homogeneous mixture, resins, Cu and SiO, or a mixture of spherical particles spherical Agglomerate material.
  • the mass ratio of yttria stabilized zirconia, resin, Cu, and SiO 2 is 75:9:10:6.
  • the resin includes phenolic resin, modified silicone resin and polyester; the mass ratio between phenolic resin, modified silicone resin and polyester is 3:3:3.
  • a method for preparing anti-ablation coating materials for resin-based composite materials which combines yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) powder with a particle size of 20nm, resin powder with a particle size of 2 ⁇ m, Cu powder with a particle size of 5 ⁇ m and a particle size of 5 ⁇ m.
  • YSZ yttria stabilized zirconia
  • SiO 2 powder is uniformly mixed to form a mixed powder, wherein the mass ratio of yttria stabilized zirconia powder, resin powder, Cu powder and SiO 2 powder is 75:9:10:6; the resin powder is phenolic resin powder, modified Organic silicone resin powder and polyester powder; the mass ratio between phenolic resin powder, modified silicone resin powder and polyester powder is 3:3:3; the mixed powder is sprayed and granulated to obtain spherical aggregates or spherical particles .
  • the binder of the spray granulation of the mixed powder is polyvinyl alcohol.
  • the process parameters of the spray granulation of the intermediate layer are: heating temperature 80°C, stirring time 90min, stirring speed 700rpm/min; the granulation process is carried out under vacuum conditions to obtain Spherical pellets with a particle size of 45 ⁇ m.
  • the mixed powder is obtained by ball milling and mixing in a liquid medium (preferably alcohol) during mixing.
  • the ball milling parameters are: rotating speed 20 rpm/s, mixing for 20 hours; then ultrasonic treatment at 20 Hz frequency for 2 hours; drying treatment at 90°C 2 hours.
  • the resin powder is a phenolic resin powder and a modified silicone resin powder; the mass ratio between the phenolic resin powder, the modified silicone resin powder and the polyester powder is 3:3.

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Abstract

一种用于树脂基复合材料的抗烧蚀涂层材料及其制备方法，所述的抗烧蚀涂层材料为氧化钇稳定氧化锆、树脂、Cu和SiO 2均匀混合物，所述混合物为球状颗粒或球状团粒材料。其制备方法包括混合粉体、球磨以及喷雾造粒。采用添加有放热特定的成分复合YSZ陶瓷面层，一方面陶瓷层起到很好的隔热、抗烧蚀作用，另一方面在高温下烧蚀相气化散热起到进一步提高复合材料的抗烧蚀、隔热性能。

Description

一种用于树脂基复合材料的抗烧蚀涂层材料及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明属于树脂基复合材料热防护涂层材料领域，具体涉及一种用于树脂基复合材料的抗烧蚀涂层材料及其制备方法，特别是用于聚酰亚胺树脂基复合材料的抗烧蚀和热防护。
背景技术
聚酰亚胺树脂基复合材料具有比强度高、可设计性强、抗疲劳断裂性能好等一系列优点，已经在航空发动机外涵机匣、静子叶片、转子叶片、包容机匣以及发动机短舱、反推力装置上得到大量的应用，减重效果明显。
先进航空发动机的服役环境温度更高，对聚酰亚胺树脂基复合材料的发动机部件服役性能提出了更高的热防护要求，例如要求在800～850℃高温条件下高温冲刷后仍具有较好的性能稳定性。而目前耐热性最好的聚酰亚胺树脂基复合材料也只能在300℃左右使用，进一步提高耐热性则需要增大成本，并且具有很大难度，因此，通过采用适当的热防护涂层提高其使用温度比研制新的耐高温树脂基复合材料更切合实际。
国内外树脂基复合材料常用的热防护涂层主要有YSZ(Y 2O 3稳定ZrO 2)热障涂层和其他烧蚀型(热容吸热、烧蚀防热、辐射式散热、发汗防热)功能涂层两大类。但树脂基复合材料表面制备热防护涂层面临着很多技术难题，例如烧蚀型涂层防热机理是借助高温冲蚀后涂层烧蚀气化、碳化烧损而保护基体不损伤，但为了达到较好的防热效果一般制备较厚，会显著降低与复材基体的结合强度，且使用寿命有限。热障涂层具有较低的热导率和合适的膨胀系数，具有较好的隔热性能，在金属基表面热防护应用较为成熟，但与树脂基复合材料的结合强度低，且存在层间应力不匹配的问题，易在使用过程中脱落而失去隔热作用。主要原因是相对于金属基体，树脂基复材与涂层之间不可能发生冶金反应或很好的嵌合作用；另外，复合材料的固化温度低，因此采用热喷涂技术时不但不可以追求高温热源(这大大有利于冶金结合)，相反应严格控制复合材料基体的表面温度；再者，由于复合材料与金属或陶瓷涂层的热膨胀系数相差较大，过高的温度梯度变化，将在涂层与基体之间产生过大的内应力，使涂层与基体分离，如何最大限度的消除这些问题就成了复材表面热防护涂层研制的重点。
本发明基于传统YSZ热障陶瓷涂层隔热性能好的优势，同时根据烧蚀型涂层防热的理念，提出发汗冷却防热抗烧蚀机理的构想，将烧蚀相(酚醛树脂、改性有机硅树脂、聚酯、Cu、SiO 2)与YSZ陶瓷进行复合，在高温条件下，依靠陶瓷基相(YSZ)良好的隔热性能阻滞热 量传递，同时复合在YSZ陶瓷涂层内部低熔点烧蚀型材料高温下发生分解、熔化、气化或挥发等相变带走一部分热量，烧蚀后形成的气体不仅能在涂层表面形成热阻塞效应，而且能够在涂层内部形成大量的孔隙进一步降低涂层的热导率，为了减小某单一烧蚀材料在很窄的温度段内分解或气化后产生的内压对涂层所造成的破坏，以及保持涂层在整个防热过程中都可能进行烧蚀防热。
发明内容
本发明的目的是：在于为树脂基复合材料提供热防护，特别是聚酰亚胺树脂基复合材料，给出在树脂基复合材料表面形成抗烧蚀涂层的方法。
本发明的技术方案是：
提供一种用于树脂基复合材料的抗烧蚀涂层材料，所述的抗烧蚀涂层材料为氧化钇稳定氧化锆、树脂、Cu和SiO 2均匀混合物，所述混合物为球状颗粒或球状团粒材料。
进一步的，其中，氧化钇稳定氧化锆、树脂、Cu、SiO 2之间的质量比为∶(70～75)∶(3～9)∶(8～10)∶(6～17)。
进一步的，其中，树脂包括酚醛树脂、改性有机硅树脂和聚酯；酚醛树脂、改性有机硅树脂和聚酯之间的质量比为：(1～3)∶(2～3)∶(0～3)。
提供一种用于树脂基复合材料的抗烧蚀涂层材料的制备方法，将粒度为10～20nm的氧化钇稳定氧化锆(YSZ)粉末、粒度1～2μm的树脂粉末、粒度3～5μm的Cu粉末和粒度3～5μm的SiO 2粉末进行均匀混合形成混合粉末，其中氧化钇稳定氧化锆粉末、树脂粉末、Cu粉末和SiO 2粉末之间的质量比为(70～75)∶(3～9)∶(8～10)∶(6～17)；其中树脂粉末为酚醛树脂粉末、改性有机硅树脂粉末和聚酯粉末；酚醛树脂粉末、改性有机硅树脂粉末和聚酯粉末之间的质量比为(1～3)∶(2～3)∶(0～3)；对混合粉末进行喷雾造粒，得到球状团粒或球状颗粒。
进一步的，混合粉末的喷雾造粒的粘结剂为聚乙烯醇，中间层喷雾造粒的工艺参数为：加热温度60～80℃，搅拌时间60～90min，搅拌速率500～700rpm/min；造粒环节在真空条件下进行，获得粒径为30μm～45μm的球状团粒。
进一步的，所述混合粉末在混合时于液态介质(优选为酒精)中球磨混合得到，球磨参数为：转速10～20rpm/s，混合10～20小时；随后在10～20Hz频率下超声处理1～2小时；于60～90℃下烘干处理1～2小时。
进一步的，所述树脂粉末为酚醛树脂粉末和改性有机硅树脂粉末；所述酚醛树脂粉末、改性有机硅树脂粉末和聚酯粉末之间的质量比为(1～3)∶(2～3)。
本发明的优点是：1)本发明通过添加金属(Cu)、非金属(SiO 2)、有机材料(酚醛树脂、 改性有机硅树脂、聚酯粉末)多元材料复合，制备低热导的陶瓷基具有发汗放热特性的热障烧蚀涂层。热障烧蚀复合涂层的特性在于高温环境服役过程中YSZ陶瓷基相通过良好的隔热性能阻滞热量传递，同时还利用相对低熔点的烧蚀型材料(Cu、SiO 2、酚醛树脂、改性有机硅树脂、聚酯粉末)在高温下发生分解、熔化、气化或挥发等相变带走一部分热量。烧蚀后形成的气体不仅能在涂层表面形成热阻塞效应，而且还能够在涂层内部形成大量的孔隙进一步降低涂层的热导率。
2)为了减小某单一烧蚀材料在很窄的温度段内分解或气化后产生的内压对涂层所造成的破坏，以及保持涂层在整个防热过程中都可能进行烧蚀防热。本发明设计的发汗放热特性的热障烧蚀涂层是YSZ陶瓷相和有机聚合物、低熔点金属、SiO 2的烧蚀相的复合材料，相比添加单一烧蚀相，本发明设计材料在较宽温度范围内均有物质烧蚀卸载部分热量的特性，同时残留的多孔结构则起到进一步提高隔热防热功能，可有效的延长热平衡的时间界限，减少热量在涂层内部的输入率，保证涂层在较长时间不会使热量聚集在复材基体界面，影响复合材料的力学性能。
附图说明
图1为实例1制备的YSZ复合烧蚀相(Cu、SiO 2、酚醛树脂、改性有机硅树脂、聚酯)粉末的扫描电镜图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例，对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1：
提供一种用于树脂基复合材料的抗烧蚀涂层材料，所述的抗烧蚀涂层材料为氧化钇稳定氧化锆、树脂、Cu和SiO 2均匀混合物，所述混合物为球状颗粒或球状团粒材料。
进一步的，其中，氧化钇稳定氧化锆、树脂、Cu、SiO 2之间的质量比为：72∶3∶8∶17。
进一步的，其中，树脂包括酚醛树脂、改性有机硅树脂和聚酯；酚醛树脂、改性有机硅树脂和聚酯之间的质量比为：1∶2∶1。
提供一种用于树脂基复合材料的抗烧蚀涂层材料的制备方法，将粒度为10～20nm的氧化钇稳定氧化锆(YSZ)粉末、粒度1～2μm的树脂粉末、粒度3～5μm的Cu粉末和粒度3～5μm的SiO 2粉末进行均匀混合形成混合粉末，其中氧化钇稳定氧化锆粉末、树脂粉末、Cu粉末和SiO 2粉末之间的质量比为72∶3∶8∶17；其中树脂粉末为酚醛树脂粉末、改性有机硅树脂 粉末和聚酯粉末；酚醛树脂粉末、改性有机硅树脂粉末和聚酯粉末之间的质量比为1∶2∶1；对混合粉末进行喷雾造粒，得到球状团粒或球状颗粒。
进一步的，混合粉末的喷雾造粒的粘结剂为聚乙烯醇，中间层喷雾造粒的工艺参数为：加热温度60℃，搅拌时间60min，搅拌速率500rpm/min；造粒环节在真空条件下进行，获得粒径为30μm的球状团粒。
进一步的，所述混合粉末在混合时于液态介质(优选为酒精)中球磨混合得到，球磨参数为：转速10rpm/s，混合10小时；随后在10Hz频率下超声处理1小时；于60℃下烘干处理1小时。
进一步的，所述树脂粉末为酚醛树脂粉末和改性有机硅树脂粉末；所述酚醛树脂粉末、改性有机硅树脂粉末和聚酯粉末之间的质量比为1∶2。
实施例2：
在上述实施例的基础上，本实施例步骤为：
提供一种用于树脂基复合材料的抗烧蚀涂层材料，所述的抗烧蚀涂层材料为氧化钇稳定氧化锆、树脂、Cu和SiO 2均匀混合物，所述混合物为球状颗粒或球状团粒材料。
进一步的，其中，氧化钇稳定氧化锆、树脂、Cu、SiO 2之间的质量比为：72∶4∶8∶16。
进一步的，其中，树脂包括酚醛树脂、改性有机硅树脂和聚酯；酚醛树脂、改性有机硅树脂和聚酯之间的质量比为：2∶2∶1。
提供一种用于树脂基复合材料的抗烧蚀涂层材料的制备方法，将粒度为15nm的氧化钇稳定氧化锆(YSZ)粉末、粒度1μm的树脂粉末、粒度3μm的Cu粉末和粒度3μm的SiO 2粉末进行均匀混合形成混合粉末，其中氧化钇稳定氧化锆粉末、树脂粉末、Cu粉末和SiO 2粉末之间的质量比为72∶4∶8∶16；其中树脂粉末为酚醛树脂粉末、改性有机硅树脂粉末和聚酯粉末；酚醛树脂粉末、改性有机硅树脂粉末和聚酯粉末之间的质量比为2∶2∶1；对混合粉末进行喷雾造粒，得到球状团粒或球状颗粒。
混合粉末的喷雾造粒的粘结剂为聚乙烯醇，中间层喷雾造粒的工艺参数为：加热温度70℃，搅拌时间60min，搅拌速率500rpm/min；造粒环节在真空条件下进行，获得粒径为30μm的球状团粒。
所述混合粉末在混合时于液态介质(优选为酒精)中球磨混合得到，球磨参数为：转速15rpm/s，混合15小时；随后在15Hz频率下超声处理1小时；于70℃下烘干处理1小时。
所述树脂粉末为酚醛树脂粉末和改性有机硅树脂粉末；所述酚醛树脂粉末、改性有机硅树脂粉末和聚酯粉末之间的质量比为2∶2。
实施例3：
在上述实施例的基础上，本实施例步骤为：
提供一种用于树脂基复合材料的抗烧蚀涂层材料，所述的抗烧蚀涂层材料为氧化钇稳定氧化锆、树脂、Cu和SiO 2均匀混合物，所述混合物为球状颗粒或球状团粒材料。
进一步的，其中，氧化钇稳定氧化锆、树脂、Cu、SiO 2之间的质量比为：74∶8∶8∶10。
进一步的，其中，树脂包括酚醛树脂、改性有机硅树脂和聚酯；酚醛树脂、改性有机硅树脂和聚酯之间的质量比为：2∶2∶2。
提供一种用于树脂基复合材料的抗烧蚀涂层材料的制备方法，将粒度为15nm的氧化钇稳定氧化锆(YSZ)粉末、粒度2μm的树脂粉末、粒度2μm的Cu粉末和粒度4μm的SiO 2粉末进行均匀混合形成混合粉末，其中氧化钇稳定氧化锆粉末、树脂粉末、Cu粉末和SiO 2粉末之间的质量比为74∶8∶8∶10；其中树脂粉末为酚醛树脂粉末、改性有机硅树脂粉末和聚酯粉末；酚醛树脂粉末、改性有机硅树脂粉末和聚酯粉末之间的质量比为2∶2∶2；对混合粉末进行喷雾造粒，得到球状团粒或球状颗粒。
混合粉末的喷雾造粒的粘结剂为聚乙烯醇，中间层喷雾造粒的工艺参数为：加热温70℃，搅拌时间80min，搅拌速率600rpm/min；造粒环节在真空条件下进行，获得粒径为45μm的球状团粒。
所述混合粉末在混合时于液态介质(优选为酒精)中球磨混合得到，球磨参数为：转速15rpm/s，混合15小时；随后在20Hz频率下超声处理2小时；于90℃下烘干处理2小时。
所述树脂粉末为酚醛树脂粉末和改性有机硅树脂粉末；所述酚醛树脂粉末、改性有机硅树脂粉末和聚酯粉末之间的质量比为2∶2。
实例4：
在上述实施例的基础上，本实施例步骤为：
提供一种用于树脂基复合材料的抗烧蚀涂层材料，所述的抗烧蚀涂层材料为氧化钇稳定氧化锆、树脂、Cu和SiO 2均匀混合物，所述混合物为球状颗粒或球状团粒材料。
其中，氧化钇稳定氧化锆、树脂、Cu、SiO 2之间的质量比为：75∶9∶10∶6。
其中，树脂包括酚醛树脂、改性有机硅树脂和聚酯；酚醛树脂、改性有机硅树脂和聚酯之间的质量比为：3∶3∶3。
提供一种用于树脂基复合材料的抗烧蚀涂层材料的制备方法，将粒度为20nm的氧化钇稳定氧化锆(YSZ)粉末、粒度2μm的树脂粉末、粒度5μm的Cu粉末和粒度5μm的SiO 2粉末进行均匀混合形成混合粉末，其中氧化钇稳定氧化锆粉末、树脂粉末、Cu粉末和SiO 2 粉末之间的质量比为75∶9∶10∶6；其中树脂粉末为酚醛树脂粉末、改性有机硅树脂粉末和聚酯粉末；酚醛树脂粉末、改性有机硅树脂粉末和聚酯粉末之间的质量比为3∶3∶3；对混合粉末进行喷雾造粒，得到球状团粒或球状颗粒。
混合粉末的喷雾造粒的粘结剂为聚乙烯醇，中间层喷雾造粒的工艺参数为：加热温度80℃，搅拌时间90min，搅拌速率700rpm/min；造粒环节在真空条件下进行，获得粒径为45μm的球状团粒。
所述混合粉末在混合时于液态介质(优选为酒精)中球磨混合得到，球磨参数为：转速20rpm/s，混合20小时；随后在20Hz频率下超声处理2小时；于90℃下烘干处理2小时。
所述树脂粉末为酚醛树脂粉末和改性有机硅树脂粉末；所述酚醛树脂粉末、改性有机硅树脂粉末和聚酯粉末之间的质量比为3∶3。
应当理解的是，对本领域普通技术人员来说，可以根据上述说明加以改进或变换，而所有这些改进和变换都应属于本发明所附权利要求的保护范围。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种用于树脂基复合材料的抗烧蚀涂层材料，所述的抗烧蚀涂层材料为氧化钇稳定氧化锆、树脂、Cu和SiO 2均匀混合物，所述混合物为球状颗粒或球状团粒材料。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种用于树脂基复合材料的抗烧蚀涂层材料，其特征在于：其中，氧化钇稳定氧化锆、树脂、Cu、SiO 2之间的质量比为：(70～75)∶(3～9)∶(8～10)∶(6～17)。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种用于树脂基复合材料的抗烧蚀涂层材料，其特征在于：其中，树脂包括酚醛树脂、改性有机硅树脂和聚酯；酚醛树脂、改性有机硅树脂和聚酯之间的质量比为：(1～3)∶(2～3)∶(0～3)。
  4. 一种用于树脂基复合材料的抗烧蚀涂层材料的制备方法，将粒度为10～20nm的氧化钇稳定氧化锆(YSZ)粉末、粒度1～2μm的树脂粉末、粒度3～5μm的Cu粉末和粒度3～5μm的SiO 2粉末进行均匀混合形成混合粉末，其中氧化钇稳定氧化锆粉末、树脂粉末、Cu粉末和SiO 2粉末之间的质量比为(70～75)∶(3～9)∶(8～10)∶(6～17)；其中树脂粉末为酚醛树脂粉末、改性有机硅树脂粉末和聚酯粉末；酚醛树脂粉末、改性有机硅树脂粉末和聚酯粉末之间的质量比为(1～3)∶(2～3)∶(0～3)；对混合粉末进行喷雾造粒，得到球状团粒或球状颗粒。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的一种用于树脂基复合材料的抗烧蚀涂层材料的制备方法，其特征在于：混合粉末的喷雾造粒的粘结剂为聚乙烯醇，中间层喷雾造粒的工艺参数为：加热温度60～80℃，搅拌时间60～90min，搅拌速率500～700rpm/min；造粒环节在真空条件下进行，获得粒径为30μm～45μm的球状团粒。
  6. 如权利要求4所述的一种用于树脂基复合材料的抗烧蚀涂层材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述混合粉末在混合时于液态介质(优选为酒精)中球磨混合得到，球磨参数为：转速10～20rpm/s，混合10～20小时；随后在10～20Hz频率下超声处理1～2小时；于60～90℃下烘干处理1～2小时。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的一种用于树脂基复合材料的抗烧蚀涂层材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述液态介质为酒精。
  8. 如权利要求4所述的一种用于树脂基复合材料的抗烧蚀涂层材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述树脂粉末为酚醛树脂粉末和改性有机硅树脂粉末；所述酚醛树脂粉末、改性有机硅树脂粉末和聚酯粉末之间的质量比为(1～3)∶(2～3)。
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