WO2021008239A1 - 显示基板、显示装置及显示基板的制备方法 - Google Patents

显示基板、显示装置及显示基板的制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021008239A1
WO2021008239A1 PCT/CN2020/092239 CN2020092239W WO2021008239A1 WO 2021008239 A1 WO2021008239 A1 WO 2021008239A1 CN 2020092239 W CN2020092239 W CN 2020092239W WO 2021008239 A1 WO2021008239 A1 WO 2021008239A1
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Prior art keywords
opening
elongated hole
area
hole section
island
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PCT/CN2020/092239
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English (en)
French (fr)
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班圣光
董水浪
刘清召
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京东方科技集团股份有限公司
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Priority to US17/255,293 priority Critical patent/US11871645B2/en
Publication of WO2021008239A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021008239A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
    • G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
    • G09F9/301—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements flexible foldable or roll-able electronic displays, e.g. thin LCD, OLED
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass and not covered by groups H10K10/80, H10K30/80, H10K50/80 or H10K59/80
    • H10K77/10—Substrates, e.g. flexible substrates
    • H10K77/111—Flexible substrates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/10—OLED displays
    • H10K59/12—Active-matrix OLED [AMOLED] displays
    • H10K59/1201—Manufacture or treatment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/10—OLED displays
    • H10K59/12—Active-matrix OLED [AMOLED] displays
    • H10K59/131—Interconnections, e.g. wiring lines or terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K71/851—Division of substrate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K2102/00—Constructional details relating to the organic devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K2102/301—Details of OLEDs
    • H10K2102/311—Flexible OLED
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a display substrate, a display device and a preparation method of the display substrate.
  • OLEDs organic light-emitting diodes
  • the OLED flexible display device can meet the bending of the two-dimensional surface, but it is not suitable for flexible display requirements with more complicated situations (for example, wearable, etc.).
  • some related art OLED flexible display devices dig holes in the substrate material to form islands for preparing pixel areas and bridges for wiring, and pass the bridges. Deformation to achieve stretching of the display device.
  • a display substrate including:
  • the stretchable substrate includes a plurality of opening patterns distributed along the surface of the stretchable substrate, wherein each of the plurality of opening patterns includes a plurality of opening regions, and A plurality of bridge regions capable of enclosing the first island area are formed between adjacent opening regions in the plurality of opening regions, and each opening pattern of the plurality of opening patterns can be connected to at least two adjacent openings.
  • the graphics enclose multiple second island areas;
  • a plurality of display units are respectively arranged on the first island area and the plurality of second island areas;
  • a plurality of signal lines are respectively connected between the plurality of display units and are respectively arranged in the plurality of bridge areas.
  • At least two of the opening regions in the plurality of opening regions include elongated hole sections, and elongated bridge regions are formed between the elongated hole sections of adjacent opening regions.
  • the elongated hole sections of the adjacent opening regions are parallel to each other.
  • the elongated bridge regions located on opposite sides of the first island region are parallel to each other.
  • the elongated bridge regions located on two adjacent sides of the first island region are perpendicular to each other.
  • the plurality of opening patterns are sequentially arranged along a first direction and a second direction orthogonal to each other, and two of the plurality of opening patterns are adjacent in the first direction Part of the bridge areas in the middle are staggered with each other, and the orthographic projections on the first reference line extending along the first direction overlap, and the two openings adjacent in the second direction in the plurality of opening patterns Part of the bridge regions in the figure are staggered, and the orthographic projections on the second reference line extending along the second direction overlap.
  • some of the opening patterns in the plurality of opening patterns include opening regions that can form bridge regions with opening regions in adjacent opening patterns.
  • each of the plurality of opening regions has one of a T-shape and an I-shape.
  • the plurality of opening regions includes:
  • each T-shaped opening region includes a first elongated hole section and a second elongated hole section communicating with a non-end of the first elongated hole section;
  • first elongated hole section of each T-shaped opening area is respectively located around the first island area, and is rotated 90 degrees around the first island area
  • second thin hole section of each T-shaped opening area The elongated hole segments are respectively located around the first island area, rotate 90 degrees around the first island area, and are connected to the T-shaped opening area adjacent to the first island area in the same clockwise direction.
  • the first elongated hole section forms a bridge area.
  • first elongated hole section and the second elongated hole section are both linear hole sections, and the first elongated hole section and the second elongated hole The segments are perpendicular to each other.
  • the first island region has a square shape with a side length of 250-350 ⁇ m, the width of the bridge region is 60-100 ⁇ m, and the length of the second elongated hole section is 800-900 ⁇ m, The length of the first elongated hole section is 500-600 ⁇ m, and the widths of the first elongated hole section and the second elongated hole section are both 15-25 ⁇ m, which surround the first island area.
  • the shortest distance of the first elongated hole section of adjacent T-shaped opening areas in the same clockwise direction is 60-100 ⁇ m.
  • the first elongated hole segment is an arc-shaped hole segment
  • the width of the middle of the arc-shaped hole segment is 1.5 to 2 times the width of the two ends
  • the center of the circle is located far away from the second elongated hole segment.
  • One side of the elongated hole section; the second elongated hole section is a drum-shaped hole section, and the width of the middle portion of the drum-shaped hole section is 2 to 3 times the width of the two ends respectively.
  • the plurality of opening regions includes:
  • each I-shaped opening area includes a first elongated hole section, a third elongated hole section that does not intersect with the first elongated hole section, and Between the first elongated hole section and the third elongated hole section, and respectively communicate with the non-end portions of the first elongated hole section and the third elongated hole section Two elongated hole sections;
  • first elongated hole section of each I-shaped opening area is respectively located around the first island area, and is rotated 90 degrees around the first island area in turn
  • second thin hole section of each I-shaped opening area is The elongated hole segments are respectively located around the first island area, rotate 90 degrees around the first island area, and are connected to the I-shaped opening area adjacent to the first island area in the same clockwise direction.
  • the first elongated hole section forms a bridge area
  • the third elongated hole section of each I-shaped opening area and the opening area in the adjacent opening pattern form the bridge area.
  • the first elongated hole section, the second elongated hole section, and the third elongated hole section are all straight hole sections, and the first elongated hole The section and the third elongated hole section are parallel to each other and both are perpendicular to the second elongated hole section.
  • the first elongated hole segment and the third elongated hole segment are arc-shaped hole segments, and the width of the middle portion of the arc-shaped hole segment is 1.5 to 2 times the width of the two ends respectively.
  • the center of the circle is located on the side away from the second elongated hole section; the second elongated hole section is a drum-shaped hole section, and the width of the middle of the drum-shaped hole section is 2 of the width of both ends. ⁇ 3 times.
  • the stretchable substrate includes a plurality of stretchable display areas formed by the plurality of opening patterns and sequentially distributed along the first direction and the second direction, each The stretchable display area includes the first island area and the three second island areas, wherein:
  • the first island area is surrounded by a plurality of bridge areas in a first opening pattern of the plurality of opening patterns;
  • the first of the three second island regions is composed of a partial bridge region of the first opening pattern and the plurality of opening patterns are adjacent to the first opening pattern along the first direction Part of the bridge area of the second opening pattern of
  • the second of the three second island regions is composed of a partial bridge region of the first opening pattern and the plurality of opening patterns is adjacent to the first opening pattern along the second direction Part of the bridge area of the third opening pattern of is enclosed;
  • the third of the three second island regions is composed of a partial bridge region of the first opening pattern, a partial bridge region of the second opening pattern, a partial bridge region of the third opening pattern, and Part of the bridge area of the fourth opening pattern adjacent to the second opening pattern and the third opening pattern among the plurality of opening patterns is enclosed.
  • the Young's modulus of each of the plurality of stretchable display regions is substantially equal.
  • each display unit of the plurality of display units includes an organic light emitting diode or a quantum dot light emitting diode.
  • a method for preparing a display substrate including:
  • a plurality of opening patterns are formed on the surface of the stretchable substrate, each of the plurality of opening patterns includes a plurality of opening regions, and adjacent openings in the plurality of opening regions A plurality of bridge regions capable of enclosing the first island region are formed between the regions, and each of the plurality of opening patterns and at least two adjacent opening patterns form a plurality of second island regions;
  • a plurality of display units are formed on the first island region and the plurality of second island regions, and a plurality of signal lines respectively connecting the plurality of display units are formed in the plurality of bridge regions.
  • a display device including the aforementioned display substrate.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a display substrate according to the present disclosure
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an example of an opening pattern in the embodiment of Fig. 1;
  • FIG. 3 are schematic diagrams of four kinds of opening regions that constitute the example of the opening pattern in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of three adjacent opening patterns in the embodiment of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of multiple sizes in the opening pattern in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the tensile characteristic curve corresponding to the example of the hole pattern of the four different parameter combinations in FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of dividing a display substrate into a plurality of stretchable display areas according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the composition of a stretchable display area in FIG. 7;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of a display substrate according to the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of an example of an opening pattern in the embodiment of Fig. 9;
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the composition of a stretchable display area in FIG. 9;
  • FIG. 12 are schematic diagrams of different types of opening patterns in some embodiments of the display substrate of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of simulated stretching of an embodiment of the display substrate of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 14 are respectively schematic diagrams of opening patterns of some embodiments of the display substrate of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 15 are schematic diagrams of the structure and size of an opening area in the opening patterns of (a) and (b) of FIG. 14 respectively;
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of a method for preparing a substrate according to the present disclosure.
  • a specific device when it is described that a specific device is located between the first device and the second device, there may or may not be an intermediate device between the specific device and the first device or the second device.
  • the specific device When it is described that a specific device is connected to another device, the specific device may be directly connected to the other device without an intermediate device, or may not be directly connected to the other device but has an intermediate device.
  • the OLED flexible display device digs holes in the substrate material to form islands for preparing pixel regions and bridges for wiring, and the stretching of the display device is achieved through the deformation of the bridges.
  • This solution to realize the stretchability of the display device by digging holes is mainly borne by the bridge area when simulating the stretching, which is prone to stress concentration.
  • the concentration of tensile stress on the inner side of the bridge area may lead to the center of the bridge area
  • the area is easy to break, and the display device needs to be improved in terms of the theoretical pixel density (Pixel Per Inch, PPI) or the maximum stretching amount.
  • embodiments of the present disclosure provide a display substrate, a display device, and a manufacturing method of the display substrate, which can improve the stretching performance.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a display substrate according to the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an example of an opening pattern in the embodiment of Fig. 1.
  • (A)-(d) of FIG. 3 are schematic diagrams of four types of opening regions constituting the example of the opening pattern in FIG. 2.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of three adjacent opening patterns in the embodiment of Fig. 1.
  • the display substrate includes a stretchable substrate 10, a plurality of display units 30 and a plurality of signal lines 40.
  • the stretchable substrate 10 may be a substrate material with elastic stretching properties, such as polyimide (PI for short).
  • the stretchable substrate 10 may include a plurality of opening patterns distributed along the surface of the stretchable substrate 10.
  • FIG. 1 in order to facilitate understanding, the solid material part of the stretchable substrate 10 in the figure is filled with dark fine particles, and a solid white line is used to reflect the opening pattern formed on the substrate.
  • FIG. 1 also shows a partial position of the setting positions of two adjacent display units 30 relative to the opening pattern, and the connection manner between the display units 30 through the signal line 40.
  • FIG. 1 other drawings of the specification after FIG. 1 all use black solid lines to reflect the opening area in the opening pattern.
  • the display unit 30 may include Organic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED for short).
  • the display unit 30 may include, for example, an inorganic light emitting diode (Light Emitting Diode, LED for short) or a Quantum dot Light Emitting Diode (QLED for short), etc.
  • each of the plurality of opening patterns includes a plurality of opening regions.
  • the opening area refers to the continuous and uninterrupted openings inside.
  • a plurality of bridge regions capable of enclosing the first island region A are formed between adjacent opening regions among the plurality of opening regions included.
  • each opening pattern can form a plurality of second island regions B with other opening patterns (for example, at least two adjacent opening patterns).
  • a certain bolded hole pattern 20 is taken as an example in FIG. 1, and there are eight hole patterns 20' represented by lines of different thicknesses adjacent to it. The different thick and thin lines are used to distinguish different adjacent opening patterns, and the groove widths of different opening patterns may be the same.
  • the bridge area, the first island area and the second island area are all solid material parts of the retractable substrate.
  • a plurality of display units 30 may be provided on the first island area A and the plurality of second island areas B, respectively.
  • a plurality of signal lines 40 are respectively arranged in a plurality of bridge areas and used to connect adjacent display units 30.
  • the signal lines 40 may be arranged along the length direction of the bridge area, and connected to thin film transistors (TFTs for short) of adjacent display units 30.
  • TFTs thin film transistors
  • the signal line 40 may be disposed on the surface or inside of the bridge region, and may be formed of conductive materials, such as metal wires, nanotubes, nanowires, or conductive traces.
  • both the bridge area and the island area bear tensile force and deform, which can avoid the concentration of tensile stress in the bridge area, so that the bridge area is not prone to fracture.
  • the area of the island area enclosed by the bridge area is relatively large, and the area of the display area of the display unit provided on the bridge area can be increased accordingly, which is beneficial to increase the PPI.
  • At least two of the plurality of opening regions include elongated hole sections, and the elongated hole sections of adjacent opening regions form elongated holes.
  • Bridge area Compared with other shapes of the opening area, the elongated hole section occupies a smaller area on the substrate, and the elongated hole section of the adjacent opening area can easily form an elongated bridge Area.
  • the area of the island area enclosed by the elongated bridge area relative to the area of the substrate occupies a higher proportion, which can further increase the area of the display area of the display unit provided on the island area, thereby further improving the PPI.
  • the opening pattern includes the first opening area 21 shown in FIG. 3(a), the second opening area 22 shown in FIG. 3(b), and the opening pattern shown in FIG. 3(c).
  • the opening areas in the opening pattern are all T-shaped opening areas.
  • Each T-shaped opening area includes a first elongated hole section 2a and a second elongated hole section 2b communicating with the non-end portion of the first elongated hole section 2a.
  • the communication position between the second elongated hole section 2b and the first elongated hole section 2a is not at any one end of the first elongated hole section 2a, but at a certain position between the two ends.
  • one end of the second elongated hole section 2b is communicated with the midpoint of the first elongated hole section 2a, which facilitates the formation of a more regular pattern of openings.
  • one end of the second elongated hole section 2b may also communicate with other positions of the first elongated hole section 2a.
  • the first elongated hole sections 2a of each T-shaped opening area are respectively located at the periphery A of the first island area, and are arranged in turn around the first island area by 90 degrees.
  • the second elongated hole sections 2b of each T-shaped opening area are also respectively located around the first island area A, and rotate 90 degrees around the first island area in turn, and are different from those around the first island area A.
  • the first elongated hole section 2a in the adjacent T-shaped opening area in the same clockwise direction forms a bridge area.
  • a bridge area C4 is formed between the second elongated hole section 2b of the first opening area 21 and the first elongated hole section 2a of the second opening area 22, and the second A bridge area C1 is formed between the second elongated hole section 2b of the opening region 22 and the first elongated hole section 2a of the fourth opening region 24, and the second elongated hole section of the fourth opening region 24
  • a bridge region C2 is formed between 2b and the first elongated hole section 2a of the third opening region 23, and the second elongated hole section 2b of the third opening region 23 is connected to the first elongated hole section 21 of the first opening region 21.
  • a bridge C3 is formed between the elongated hole segments 2a.
  • the hole pattern can also be replaced with a counterclockwise arrangement, that is, the hole pattern obtained by mirroring the hole pattern in FIG. 2 horizontally or vertically.
  • the first elongated hole section 2a and the second elongated hole section 2b in the T-shaped opening area are preferably straight hole sections, and The first elongated hole section 2a and the second elongated hole section 2b are perpendicular to each other.
  • This T-shaped opening area is conducive to the formation of regular shaped bridge areas and island areas, which is convenient for design and processing.
  • at least one of the first elongated hole section and the second elongated hole section in the T-shaped opening area may also be an arc-shaped hole section or a broken line-shaped hole section.
  • the elongated hole sections of adjacent opening regions are parallel to each other.
  • the second elongated hole section 2b of the first opening area 21 in FIG. 2 and the first elongated hole section 2a of the second opening area 22 can form a bridge area C4 of equal width, which is beneficial to When the substrate is stretched, the tensile stress of each position of the bridge area is more balanced, avoiding local tensile stress and damage.
  • the elongated bridge regions located on opposite sides of the first island region A may be parallel to each other.
  • the bridge area C4 and the bridge area C2 opposite to each other are parallel to each other, and the bridge area C1 and the bridge area C3 opposite to each other are parallel to each other.
  • the first direction X and the second direction Y that are orthogonal to each other are identified in the lower left corner of FIG. 1.
  • the plurality of opening patterns included in the stretchable substrate may be sequentially arranged along a first direction X and a second direction Y orthogonal to each other.
  • part of the bridge regions in the two opening patterns adjacent in the first direction X among the plurality of opening patterns are staggered with each other, and are arranged along the first direction X.
  • the orthographic projections on the first reference line r1 extending in one direction X are partially overlapped.
  • the first reference line r1 and the second reference line r2 can be implemented by arbitrarily setting virtual straight lines according to the first direction X and the second direction Y, respectively.
  • the opening pattern 20 is in the first direction.
  • the orthographic projection 20S on a reference line r1 and the orthographic projection 20S' of the opening pattern 20' on the first reference line r1 overlap, and the orthographic projection 20S" of the opening pattern 20 on the second reference line r2 is identical to the opening pattern 20.
  • the orthographic projection 20S"' of the hole pattern 20" on the second reference line r2 has overlapping parts. And, referring to FIGS.
  • the bridge area C1 of the opening pattern 20 to the right is offset from the bridge area C3 of the adjacent opening pattern 20' by the length y in the second direction Y, while the upper bridge area of the opening pattern 20
  • the area C4 and the bridge area C2 of the adjacent opening pattern 20" are staggered by the length x in the first direction X.
  • the partial bridge areas of two adjacent opening patterns are staggered with each other and the orthographic projections on the first reference line r1 overlap, so that the bridge areas of two adjacent opening patterns can enclose the first between the two. Second Island District B.
  • the elongated bridge areas located on the adjacent two sides of the first island area A may also be perpendicular to each other. In this way, a rectangular or square first island area and a second island area can be formed, so that the tensile stress of each position of the island area and the bridge area is more balanced when the display substrate is stretched, and it is also convenient for the design and processing of the hole pattern and the display unit Formation.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of multiple sizes in the opening pattern in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the tensile characteristic curve corresponding to the example of the hole pattern of the four different parameter combinations in FIG. 5.
  • four T-shaped opening regions enclose a first island region in a square shape.
  • the first elongated hole section and the second elongated hole section of each T-shaped opening area are perpendicular to each other, and the four T-shaped opening areas form four bridge areas in the four directions of the first island area.
  • the side length of the first island area is a
  • the width of the bridge area is b
  • the length of the second elongated hole section is c
  • the length of the first elongated hole section is d
  • the first elongated hole section is The widths of the second elongated hole segment and the second elongated hole segment are both e, and the shortest distance of the first elongated hole segment of the T-shaped opening area adjacent to the first island area in the same clockwise direction is f.
  • each parameter of the hole pattern in Figure 5 is: a value is 250-600 ⁇ m, b is 60-190 ⁇ m, c is 800-1600 ⁇ m, d is 500-1200 ⁇ m, The value of e is 15-50 ⁇ m, and the value of f is 40-300 ⁇ m.
  • a value is 250-600 ⁇ m
  • b is 60-190 ⁇ m
  • c is 800-1600 ⁇ m
  • d is 500-1200 ⁇ m
  • the value of e is 15-50 ⁇ m
  • the value of f is 40-300 ⁇ m.
  • Example 1 the value of a is 250 ⁇ 350 ⁇ m, the value of b is 60 ⁇ 100 ⁇ m, the value of c is 800 ⁇ 900 ⁇ m, the value of d is 500 ⁇ 600 ⁇ m, the value of e is 15 ⁇ 25 ⁇ m, the value of f is 60 ⁇ 100 ⁇ m ;
  • Example 2 The value of a is 400 ⁇ 600 ⁇ m, the value of b is 130 ⁇ 190 ⁇ m, the value of c is 1400 ⁇ 1600 ⁇ m, the value of d is 1100 ⁇ 1200 ⁇ m, the value of e is 30 ⁇ 50 ⁇ m, and the value of f is 130 ⁇ 190 ⁇ m ;
  • Example 3 The value of a is 250 ⁇ 350 ⁇ m, the value of b is 60 ⁇ 100 ⁇ m, the value of c is 800 ⁇ 900 ⁇ m, the value of d is 500 ⁇ 600 ⁇ m, the value of e is 15 ⁇ 25 ⁇ m, and the value of f is 130 ⁇ 190 ⁇ m ;
  • Example 4 The value of a is 400 ⁇ 600 ⁇ m, the value of b is 130 ⁇ 190 ⁇ m, the value of c is 1400 ⁇ 1600 ⁇ m, the value of d is 1100 ⁇ 1200 ⁇ m, the value of e is 30 ⁇ 50 ⁇ m, and the value of f is 200 ⁇ 300 ⁇ m .
  • the four curves L1 to L4 in FIG. 6 represent the tensile characteristics of Example 1 to Example 4, that is, the change of the stress of the display substrate when it is gradually stretched.
  • two dashed lines are used to divide three zones according to the stretching distance, namely the stress rise zone S1, the linear stress strain zone S2 and the nonlinear stress strain zone S3. From the four curves in Fig. 6, all four curves can achieve good tensile properties.
  • the main used area is the linear stress-strain area S2.
  • curves L1, L3, and L4 have greater tensile rigidity than curve L2, and the values of various parameters in the hole pattern corresponding to curve L1 are smaller, compared to curves L3 and L4
  • the first example is the preferred solution, that is, the side length of the first island area is preferably 250-350 ⁇ m, the width of the bridge area is 60-100 ⁇ m, and the length of the second elongated hole section is 800- 900 ⁇ m, the length of the first elongated hole section is 500-600 ⁇ m, the width of the first elongated hole section and the second elongated hole section are both 15-25 ⁇ m, adjacent to the same clockwise direction around the first island area The shortest distance of the first elongated hole section of the T-shaped opening area is 60-100 ⁇ m.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a display substrate divided into a plurality of stretchable display areas according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the composition of a stretchable display area in FIG. 7.
  • the stretchable substrate 10 includes a pattern formed by the plurality of opening patterns and sequentially distributed along the first direction X and the second direction Y Multiple stretchable display areas 11.
  • Each stretchable display area 11 includes a first island area A and three second island areas.
  • each first island area A can be surrounded by a plurality of bridge areas in the first opening pattern 20a of the plurality of opening patterns.
  • the first opening pattern 20a here may be the opening pattern located in the upper left corner of FIG. 8.
  • each stretchable display area 11 corresponds to The first opening patterns 20a are all located at the upper left corner.
  • the first of the three second island regions (ie, the second island region B 1 ) is composed of a portion of the bridge region of the first opening pattern 20a and the plurality of opening patterns with the first opening pattern A portion of the bridge area of the second opening pattern 20b adjacent to the first direction X is enclosed by 20a.
  • the second of the three second island regions (ie, the second island region B 2 ) is composed of a part of the bridge region of the first opening pattern 20a and the plurality of opening patterns with the first opening pattern A portion of the bridge area of the third opening pattern 20c adjacent to the second direction Y is enclosed by 20a.
  • the second opening pattern 20 b and the third opening pattern 20 c are the opening patterns located in the upper right corner and the lower left corner in FIG. 8, respectively.
  • the third of the three second island areas (ie, the second island area B 3 ) is composed of a partial bridge area of the first opening pattern 20a, a partial bridge area of the second opening pattern 20b, and the first opening pattern 20b. Part of the bridge area of the three-opening pattern 20c and part of the bridge area of the fourth opening pattern 20d adjacent to the second opening pattern 20b and the third opening pattern 20c among the plurality of opening patterns Round out.
  • the fourth opening pattern 20d here corresponds to being adjacent to the first opening pattern 20a in the diagonal direction. According to the first direction X and the second direction Y shown in FIG. 8, the fourth opening pattern 20d here is the opening pattern at the lower right corner of FIG. 8.
  • the size of the island area and the parameters of the opening pattern corresponding to each stretchable display area may be the same or different.
  • the Young's modulus of each of the plurality of stretchable display regions may be substantially equal. Regardless of whether the stretchable display area is located at the edge position or the center position of the stretchable substrate, its Young's modulus is basically the same, so that the display substrate can be deformed uniformly macroscopically, and the display substrate is prevented from displaying abnormally after being stretched.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of a display substrate according to the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of an example of an opening pattern in the embodiment of Fig. 9.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the composition of a stretchable display area in FIG. 9.
  • some of the opening patterns in the plurality of opening patterns include opening regions that can form bridge regions with opening regions in adjacent opening patterns.
  • each opening pattern includes four I-shaped opening areas.
  • the opening area of one opening pattern is thickened here, while the opening areas of the adjacent opening patterns are not thickened. It should be noted that the thickness of the lines in the drawings of the present disclosure is only for comparison and description, and does not reflect the actual hole width of the opening area.
  • each of the four I-shaped opening areas includes a first elongated hole section 2a, and a third elongated hole section 2a that does not intersect with the first elongated hole section 2a.
  • the hole section 2c is located between the first elongate hole section 2a and the third elongate hole section 2c, and is connected to the first elongate hole section 2a and the third elongate hole section 2a, respectively.
  • a second elongated hole section 2b communicates with the non-end of the hole section 2c.
  • the first elongated hole sections 2a of each I-shaped opening area are respectively located around the first island area A and rotate 90 degrees around the first island area A in turn.
  • the second elongated hole sections 2b of each I-shaped opening area are respectively located around the first island area, rotated 90 degrees around the first island area, and are the same as those around the first island area A
  • the first elongated hole section 2a in the I-shaped opening area adjacent in the clockwise direction forms a bridge area.
  • the third elongated hole section 2c of each I-shaped opening area and the opening area in the adjacent opening pattern form a bridge area.
  • the first elongated hole section 2 a and the second elongated hole section 2 b form bridge areas C1, C2, C3 and C4 located in the four directions of the first island area A.
  • the third elongated hole section 2c of each I-shaped opening area in the opening pattern and each adjacent opening pattern A total of 8 bridge areas are formed in the open area, namely bridge areas C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C10, C11 and C12.
  • the first elongated hole section 2a, the second elongated hole section 2b, and the third elongated hole section 2c are all straight hole sections, and The first elongated hole section 2a and the third elongated hole section 2c are parallel to each other, and both are perpendicular to the second elongated hole section 2b. In this way, a rectangular or square first island area and a second island area can be formed.
  • the stretchable substrate in FIG. 11 also includes a plurality of stretchable display areas, each stretchable display area includes a first island area A and three second island areas (ie, second Island area B 1 , B 2 and B 3 ).
  • first island area A is square with a side length a
  • second island areas B 1 and B 2 are both rectangular and the short side length is a.
  • side length a + 2b the second island region B 3 was square with a side length a + 2b, where b is the width of the bridge region.
  • the first island area A and the three second island areas B 1 , B 2, and B 3 of the stretchable display area in FIG. 11 are all square with a side length a.
  • the first island area and the second island area enclosed by the opening pattern formed by the I-shaped opening area are basically the same in size, and the deformation of each island area is more consistent when the display substrate is stretched. And there are more bridge areas, which helps reduce the concentration of tensile stress.
  • the area of the first island area A corresponding to the T-shaped opening area is a 2
  • the areas of the second island areas B 1 and B 2 are both a*(a+2b)
  • the area of the second island area It is (a+2b) 2
  • the areas of the first island area A and the three second island areas B 1 , B 2 and B 3 of the I-shaped opening area are all a 2 .
  • the total area of the island area in a stretchable display area corresponding to the I-shaped opening area is 36*10 4 ⁇ m 2
  • the T-shaped opening area corresponds to a can
  • the total area of the island area in the stretched display area is 57.76*10 4 ⁇ m 2 , which is 60.44% more than the total area of the island area in the stretchable display area corresponding to the I-shaped opening area, so a larger display can be obtained Area, increase pixel density.
  • FIG. 12 are schematic diagrams of different types of opening patterns in some embodiments of the display substrate of the present disclosure.
  • each of the plurality of opening regions may have one of a T-shape and an I-shape.
  • each opening area in an opening pattern is T-shaped.
  • each opening area in an opening pattern has an I-shape.
  • the four opening areas in an opening pattern may include one opening area in a T shape and three openings in an I shape.
  • the area may include two T-shaped opening areas and two I-shaped opening areas, or three T-shaped opening areas and one I-shaped opening area.
  • it may include any one or more of the opening patterns in (a)-(c) of FIG. 2, FIG. 10, and FIG.
  • the present disclosure shows that the substrate embodiment has a smaller island-bridge width ratio (island bridge width ratio). Zone width/bridge zone width) and the maximum strain of the bridge zone.
  • the theoretical PPI of the embodiments of the present disclosure can reach more than 90-110, which is more than double the theoretical PPI (for example, 44) that can be achieved by some related technical solutions.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure in which the opening pattern is formed by the T-shaped opening area can further improve the theoretical PPI.
  • the maximum stretch of the embodiments of the present disclosure can reach 8%-10%, while some related technical solutions can only reach 3% to 5%, which is also considerably smaller than the maximum stretch of the embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure not only increase the maximum stretching amount, but also further increase the display area and improve the PPI.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of simulated stretching of an embodiment of the display substrate of the present disclosure.
  • (A)-(b) of FIG. 14 are schematic diagrams of opening patterns of some embodiments of the display substrate of the present disclosure.
  • (A)-(b) of FIG. 15 are schematic diagrams of the structure and size of an opening area in the opening patterns of (a) and (b) of FIG. 14, respectively.
  • the first elongated hole section, the second elongated hole section and the The third elongated hole section is a drum-shaped hole section.
  • the I-shaped opening area was deformed to a certain extent.
  • the lighter-colored area 50 at the edge of the opening area reflects the relatively concentrated stress.
  • the shape and size of the opening pattern can be designed with reference to the simulated stretching pattern of the opening pattern of the linear hole segment.
  • the hole sections are all arc-shaped hole sections (that is, the center line of the hole section is an arc).
  • the width e1 of the middle portion of the arc-shaped hole segment is 1.5 to 2 times the width e2 of the two ends respectively.
  • the center of the arc-shaped hole section is located on a side away from the second elongated hole section.
  • the hole wall on the side adjacent to the second elongated hole section may be set in an arc shape, and the hole wall on the side away from the second elongated hole section may be set in a linear shape.
  • the second elongated hole section is a drum-shaped hole section, and the middle width e3 of the drum-shaped hole section is respectively 2 to 3 times the width e4 of the two ends.
  • the hole walls on both sides of the second elongated hole section can be set in an arc shape, so that the second elongated hole section has a drum shape.
  • the first elongated hole section is an arc-shaped hole section (that is, the center line of the hole section is an arc).
  • the width e1 of the middle portion of the arc-shaped hole segment is 1.5 to 2 times the width e2 of the two ends, and the center of the circle is located on the side away from the second elongated hole segment.
  • the hole wall on the side adjacent to the second elongated hole section can be set in an arc shape, and the hole wall on the side away from the second elongated hole section can be set in a straight shape.
  • the second elongated hole section is a drum-shaped hole section, and the middle width e3 of the drum-shaped hole section is respectively 2 to 3 times the width e4 of the two ends.
  • the hole walls on both sides of the second elongated hole section can be set in an arc shape, so that the second elongated hole section has a drum shape.
  • some embodiments of the display substrate can increase the maximum amount of deformation and improve the stability of stretching.
  • the foregoing embodiments of the display substrate are applicable to various display devices. Accordingly, the present disclosure also provides a display device including any of the foregoing display substrate embodiments.
  • the display device may be any product or component with a display function, such as a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a television, a monitor, a notebook computer, a digital photo frame, a navigator, an augmented/virtual reality helmet, and the like.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of a method for preparing a substrate according to the present disclosure.
  • the present disclosure also provides a method for preparing the display substrate.
  • the manufacturing method of the display substrate includes step S100 to step S300.
  • a stretchable substrate is provided in step S100.
  • a plurality of opening patterns are formed on the surface of the stretchable substrate, and each of the plurality of opening patterns includes a plurality of opening regions.
  • a plurality of bridge regions capable of enclosing the first island region are formed between adjacent opening regions in the plurality of opening regions, and each opening pattern of the plurality of opening patterns is connected to at least two adjacent openings
  • the graphic encloses multiple second island areas.
  • step S300 a plurality of display units are formed on the first island region and the plurality of second island regions, and a plurality of signal lines respectively connecting the plurality of display units are formed in the plurality of bridge regions.
  • step S200 and step S300 can be interchanged, that is, a plurality of display units are formed on the surface of the stretchable substrate corresponding to the first island region and the plurality of second island regions through step S300. , Forming a plurality of signal lines on the surface of the stretchable substrate corresponding to the plurality of bridge regions, and then forming an opening pattern on the surface of the stretchable substrate through step S200.

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Abstract

本公开涉及一种显示基板、显示装置及显示基板的制备方法。显示基板包括：可拉伸衬底，包括沿所述可拉伸衬底表面分布的多个开孔图形，其中，所述多个开孔图形中的每个开孔图形包括多个开孔区，所述多个开孔区中相邻的开孔区之间形成能够围出第一岛区的多个桥区，所述多个开孔图形中每个开孔图形能够与相邻的至少两个开孔图形围成多个第二岛区；多个显示单元，分别设置在所述第一岛区和所述多个第二岛区上；和多个信号线，分别连接在多个所述显示单元之间，且分别设置于所述多个桥区。

Description

显示基板、显示装置及显示基板的制备方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请是以CN申请号为201910644649.X，申请日为2019年7月17日的申请为基础，并主张其优先权，该CN申请的公开内容在此作为整体引入本申请中。
技术领域
本公开涉及一种显示基板、显示装置及显示基板的制备方法。
背景技术
随着显示技术的发展，能够进行柔性显示的有机发光二极管(organic light-emitting diode，简称OLED)促进了显示的多样化，逐渐成为显示技术的主流。在一些相关技术中，OLED柔性显示装置能够满足二维面的弯折，但不适用于情况更复杂的(例如可穿戴等)的柔性显示需求。为了发展可拉伸(Stretchable)的OLED显示功能，一些相关技术中的OLED柔性显示装置在衬底材料上挖孔，形成用于制备像素区的岛和用于走线的桥，并通过桥的变形来实现显示装置的拉伸。
发明内容
在本公开的一个方面，提供一种显示基板，包括：
可拉伸衬底，包括沿所述可拉伸衬底表面分布的多个开孔图形，其中，所述多个开孔图形中的每个开孔图形包括多个开孔区，所述多个开孔区中相邻的开孔区之间形成能够围出第一岛区的多个桥区，所述多个开孔图形中每个开孔图形能够与相邻的至少两个开孔图形围成多个第二岛区；
多个显示单元，分别设置在所述第一岛区和所述多个第二岛区上；和
多个信号线，分别连接在多个所述显示单元之间，且分别设置于所述多个桥区。
在一些实施例中，所述多个开孔区中的至少两个开孔区均包括细长形孔段，相邻的开孔区的细长形孔段之间形成细长形的桥区。
在一些实施例中，所述相邻的开孔区的细长形孔段相互平行。
在一些实施例中，位于所述第一岛区的相对两侧的细长形的桥区相互平行。
在一些实施例中，位于所述第一岛区的相邻两侧的细长形的桥区相互垂直。
在一些实施例中，所述多个开孔图形沿相互正交的第一方向和第二方向依次排列，所述多个开孔图形中在所述第一方向相邻的两个开孔图形中的部分桥区相互错开，且在沿所述第一方向延伸的第一参考线上的正投影部分重合，所述多个开孔图形中在所述第二方向相邻的两个开孔图形中的部分桥区相互错开，且在沿所述第二方向延伸的第二参考线上的正投影部分重合。
在一些实施例中，所述多个开孔图形中的部分开孔图形包括能够与相邻的开孔图形中的开孔区形成桥区的开孔区。
在一些实施例中，所述多个开孔区中的每个开孔区呈T字形和工字形中的一种。
在一些实施例中，所述多个开孔区包括：
四个T字形开孔区，每个T字形开孔区包括一个第一细长形孔段和与所述第一细长形孔段的非端部连通的一个第二细长形孔段；
其中，各个T字形开孔区的第一细长形孔段分别位于所述第一岛区的周围，且绕所述第一岛区依次旋转90度，各个T字形开孔区的第二细长形孔段分别位于所述第一岛区的周围，绕所述第一岛区依次旋转90度，并与绕所述第一岛区的同一时针方向相邻的T字形开孔区中的第一细长形孔段形成桥区。
在一些实施例中，所述第一细长形孔段和所述第二细长形孔段均为直线孔段，且所述第一细长形孔段和所述第二细长形孔段相互垂直。
在一些实施例中，所述第一岛区呈正方形，且边长为250～350μm，所述桥区的宽度为60～100μm，所述第二细长形孔段的长度为800～900μm，所述第一细长形孔段的长度为500～600μm，所述第一细长形孔段和所述第二细长形孔段的宽度均为15～25μm，绕所述第一岛区的同一时针方向相邻的T字形开孔区的第一细长形孔段的最短距离为60～100μm。
在一些实施例中，所述第一细长形孔段为弧形孔段，所述弧形孔段的中部宽度分别为两端宽度的1.5～2倍，且圆心位于远离所述第二细长形孔段的一侧；所述第二细长形孔段为鼓形孔段，且所述鼓形孔段的中部宽度分别为两端宽度的2～3倍。
在一些实施例中，所述多个开孔区包括：
四个工字形开孔区，每个工字形开孔区包括一个第一细长形孔段、一个与所述第一细长形孔段不相交的第三细长形孔段和位于所述第一细长形孔段和所述第三细长形孔段之间，并分别与所述第一细长形孔段和所述第三细长形孔段的非端部连通的一个第二细长形孔段；
其中，各个工字形开孔区的第一细长形孔段分别位于所述第一岛区的周围，并绕所述第一岛区依次旋转90度，各个工字形开孔区的第二细长形孔段分别位于所述第一岛区的周围，绕所述第一岛区依次旋转90度，并与绕所述第一岛区的同一时针方向相邻的工字形开孔区中的第一细长形孔段形成桥区，各个工字形开孔区的第三细长形孔段与相邻开孔图形中的开孔区形成桥区。
在一些实施例中，所述第一细长形孔段、所述第二细长形孔段和所述第三细长形孔段均为直线孔段，且所述第一细长形孔段和第三细长形孔段相互平行，并均与所述第二细长形孔段垂直。
在一些实施例中，所述第一细长形孔段和第三细长形孔段均为弧形孔段，所述弧形孔段的中部宽度均分别为两端宽度的1.5～2倍，且圆心位于远离所述第二细长形孔段的一侧；所述第二细长形孔段为鼓形孔段，且所述鼓形孔段的中部宽度分别为两端宽度的2～3倍。
在一些实施例中，所述可拉伸衬底包括通过所述多个开孔图形形成的、沿所述第一方向和所述第二方向依次分布的多个可拉伸显示区，每个可拉伸显示区包括所述第一岛区和三个所述第二岛区，其中：
所述第一岛区由所述多个开孔图形中的第一开孔图形中的多个桥区围出；
三个所述第二岛区中的第一个由所述第一开孔图形的部分桥区和所述多个开孔图形中与所述第一开孔图形沿所述第一方向相邻的第二开孔图形的部分桥区围出；
三个所述第二岛区中的第二个由所述第一开孔图形的部分桥区和所述多个开孔图形中与所述第一开孔图形沿所述第二方向相邻的第三开孔图形的部分桥区围出；
三个所述第二岛区中的第三个由所述第一开孔图形的部分桥区、所述第二开孔图形的部分桥区、所述第三开孔图形的部分桥区和所述多个开孔图形中与所述第二开孔图形和所述第三开孔图形均相邻的第四开孔图形的部分桥区围出。
在一些实施例中，所述多个可拉伸显示区中的每个可拉伸显示区的杨氏模量基本相等。
在一些实施例中，所述多个显示单元中的每个显示单元包括有机发光二极管或量子点发光二极管。
在本公开的另一个方面，提供一种显示基板的制备方法，包括：
提供可拉伸衬底；
在所述可拉伸衬底表面形成多个开孔图形，所述多个开孔图形中的每个开孔图形 包括多个开孔区，所述多个开孔区中相邻的开孔区之间形成能够围出第一岛区的多个桥区，所述多个开孔图形中每个开孔图形与相邻的至少两个开孔图形围成多个第二岛区；
在所述第一岛区和所述多个第二岛区上形成多个显示单元，并在多个桥区形成分别连接所述多个显示单元的多个信号线。
在本公开的一个方面，提供了一种显示装置，包括前述的显示基板。
附图说明
构成说明书的一部分的附图描述了本公开的实施例，并且连同说明书一起用于解释本公开的原理。
参照附图，根据下面的详细描述，可以更加清楚地理解本公开，其中：
图1是根据本公开显示基板的一实施例的结构示意图；
图2是图1实施例中一个开孔图形实例的示意图；
图3的(a)-(d)分别是组成图2中的开孔图形实例的四种开孔区的示意图；
图4是图1实施例中三个相邻的开孔图形的示意图；
图5是图2中开孔图形中多个尺寸的示意图；
图6是图5中四种不同的参数组合的开孔图形实例所对应的拉伸特性曲线示意图；
图7是根据本公开显示基板的一实施例划分成多个可拉伸显示区的示意图；
图8是图7中一个可拉伸显示区的组成示意图；
图9是根据本公开显示基板的另一实施例的结构示意图；
图10是图9实施例中一个开孔图形实例的示意图；
图11是图9中一个可拉伸显示区的组成示意图；
图12的(a)-(c)分别是本公开显示基板的一些实施例中不同种类的开孔图形的示意图；
图13是本公开显示基板的一个实施例的模拟拉伸示意图；
图14的(a)-(b)分别是本公开显示基板的一些实施例的开孔图形的示意图；
图15的(a)-(b)分别为图14的(a)和(b)的开孔图形中的一个开孔区的结构及尺寸示意图；
图16是本公开显示基板的制备方法的一个实施例的流程示意图。
应当明白，附图中所示出的各个部分的尺寸并不是按照实际的比例关系绘制的。此外，相同或类似的参考标号表示相同或类似的构件。
具体实施方式
现在将参照附图来详细描述本公开的各种示例性实施例。对示例性实施例的描述仅仅是说明性的，决不作为对本公开及其应用或使用的任何限制。本公开可以以许多不同的形式实现，不限于这里所述的实施例。提供这些实施例是为了使本公开透彻且完整，并且向本领域技术人员充分表达本公开的范围。应注意到：除非另外具体说明，否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对布置、材料的组分、数字表达式和数值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的，而不是作为限制。
本公开中使用的“第一”、“第二”以及类似的词语并不表示任何顺序、数量或者重要性，而只是用来区分不同的部分。“包括”或者“包含”等类似的词语意指在该词前的要素涵盖在该词后列举的要素，并不排除也涵盖其他要素的可能。“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等仅用于表示相对位置关系，当被描述对象的绝对位置改变后，则该相对位置关系也可能相应地改变。
在本公开中，当描述到特定器件位于第一器件和第二器件之间时，在该特定器件与第一器件或第二器件之间可以存在居间器件，也可以不存在居间器件。当描述到特定器件连接其它器件时，该特定器件可以与所述其它器件直接连接而不具有居间器件，也可以不与所述其它器件直接连接而具有居间器件。
本公开使用的所有术语(包括技术术语或者科学术语)与本公开所属领域的普通技术人员理解的含义相同，除非另外特别定义。还应当理解，在诸如通用字典中定义的术语应当被解释为具有与它们在相关技术的上下文中的含义相一致的含义，而不应用理想化或极度形式化的意义来解释，除非这里明确地这样定义。
对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，所述技术、方法和设备应当被视为说明书的一部分。
在有些相关技术中，OLED柔性显示装置在衬底材料上挖孔，形成用于制备像素区的岛和用于走线的桥，并通过桥的变形来实现显示装置的拉伸。这种通过挖孔来实现显示装置拉伸性的方案在模拟拉伸时，拉力主要由桥区承受，容易发生应力集中的现象，桥区内侧所承受的拉应力的集中可能导致桥区的中心区域容易断裂，并且显示装置无论在理论像素密度(Pixel Per Inch，简称PPI)还是最大拉伸量等指标上都有 待提升。
有鉴于此，本公开实施例提供一种显示基板、显示装置及显示基板的制备方法，能够提升拉伸性能。
图1是根据本公开显示基板的一实施例的结构示意图。图2是图1实施例中一个开孔图形实例的示意图。图3的(a)-(d)分别是组成图2中的开孔图形实例的四种开孔区的示意图。图4是图1实施例中三个相邻的开孔图形的示意图。
参考图1，在一些实施例中，显示基板包括可拉伸衬底10、多个显示单元30和多个信号线40。可拉伸衬底10可采用具有弹性拉伸性能的衬底材料，例如聚酰亚胺(Polyimide，简称PI)等。可拉伸衬底10可包括沿所述可拉伸衬底10表面分布的多个开孔图形。
参考图1，为了方便理解，图中可伸缩衬底10的实体材料部分采用深色细颗粒填充的形式，并通过白色实线来体现衬底上形成的开孔图形。图1中还在局部位置示出了两个相邻的显示单元30相对于开孔图形的设置位置，以及显示单元30之间通过信号线40连接的连接方式。为了进一步显示开孔图形的特点，图1之后的其他说明书附图均采用黑色实线体现开孔图形中的开孔区。
在一些实施例中，显示单元30可包括有机发光二极管(Organic Light-Emitting Diode，简称OLED)。在另一些实施例中，显示单元30可包括例如无机发光二极管(Light Emitting Diode，简称LED)或量子点发光二极管(Quantum dot Light Emitting Diode，简称QLED)等。
在一些实施例中，多个开孔图形中的每个开孔图形包括多个开孔区。开孔区是指内部连续而不间断的开孔。在图1中，对于每个开孔图形来说，其包括的多个开孔区中相邻的开孔区之间形成能够围出第一岛区A的多个桥区。对于多个开孔图形来说，每个开孔图形能够与其他开孔图形(例如相邻的至少两个开孔图形)围成多个第二岛区B。为了方便理解，图1中以某个加粗显示的开孔图形20为例，在其周围有与之相邻的以不同粗细线条表示的八个开孔图形20’。不同粗细线条是为了区分不同的相邻开孔图形，实际不同的开孔图形凹槽宽度可以是相同的。这里的桥区、第一岛区和第二岛区均为可伸缩衬底的实体材料部分。
参考图1，多个显示单元30可分别设置在所述第一岛区A和所述多个第二岛区B上。多个信号线40分别设置在多个桥区，用来连接相邻的显示单元30。信号线40可沿桥区的长度方向排布，并连接相邻的显示单元30的薄膜晶体管(Thin Film  Transistor，简称TFT)。信号线40可设置在桥区的表面或内部，且可采用导电材料形成，例如金属线、纳米管、纳米线或者导电迹线等。
在本实施例中，当显示基板被拉伸时，其桥区和岛区均承受拉力并变形，可以避免拉应力在桥区集中，从而使得桥区不容易发生断裂。另外，桥区围出的岛区面积相对较大，在其上设置的显示单元的显示区域面积可相应增加，从而有利于提高PPI。
参考图2，在一些实施例中，多个开孔区中的至少两个开孔区均包括细长形孔段，相邻的开孔区的细长形孔段之间形成细长形的桥区。相比于其他形状的开孔区，细长形孔段在衬底上所占面积比例更小，并且相邻的开孔区的细长形孔段之间可方便地形成细长形的桥区。通过细长形的桥区围成的岛区的面积相对于衬底的面积占比更高，可使得岛区上设置的显示单元的显示区域面积进一步提高，从而进一步提升PPI。
在图2中，开孔图形包括图3的(a)所示的第一开孔区21、图3的(b)所示的第二开孔区22、图3的(c)所示的第三开孔区23和图3的(d)所示的第四开孔区24。这里开孔图形中的开孔区均为T字形开孔区。而每个T字形开孔区包括一个第一细长形孔段2a和与所述第一细长形孔段2a的非端部连通的一个第二细长形孔段2b。
第二细长形孔段2b与第一细长形孔段2a连通位置不在第一细长形孔段2a的任何一个端部，而是在两端之间的某个位置。在一些实施例中，第二细长形孔段2b的一端与第一细长形孔段2a的中点连通，这样有利于形成更加规则的开孔图形。在另一些实施例中，第二细长形孔段2b的一端还可以与第一细长形孔段2a的其他位置连通。
各个T字形开孔区的第一细长形孔段2a分别位于所述第一岛区的周围A，且绕所述第一岛区依次旋转90度排列。各个T字形开孔区的第二细长形孔段2b也分别位于所述第一岛区A的周围，绕所述第一岛区依次旋转90度，并与绕所述第一岛区A的同一时针方向相邻的T字形开孔区中的第一细长形孔段2a形成桥区。
在图2中，沿顺时针方向，第一开孔区21的第二细长形孔段2b与第二开孔区22的第一细长形孔段2a之间形成桥区C4，第二开孔区22的第二细长形孔段2b与第四开孔区24的第一细长形孔段2a之间形成桥区C1，第四开孔区24的第二细长形孔段2b与第三开孔区23的第一细长形孔段2a之间形成桥区C2，第三开孔区23的第二细长形孔段2b与第一开孔区21的第一细长形孔段2a之间形成桥区C3。通过上述四个开孔区的顺时针排列，形成了四个桥区及四个桥区所围成的第一岛区。
在另一些实施例中，开孔图形也可以替换为逆时针方向的布置方式，就是将图2 中的开孔图形进行水平或竖直方向的镜像所得到的开孔图形。
参考图3的(a)-(d)，在一些实施例中，T字形开孔区中的第一细长形孔段2a和第二细长形孔段2b均优选为直线孔段，且第一细长形孔段2a和第二细长形孔段2b相互垂直。这种T字形开孔区有利于形成形状规则的桥区和岛区，便于设计和加工。在另一些实施例中，T字形开孔区中的第一细长形孔段和第二细长形孔段中的至少一个还可以为弧形孔段或者折线形孔段等。
参考图2，在一些实施例中，相邻的开孔区的细长形孔段相互平行。例如，图2中第一开孔区21的第二细长形孔段2b与第二开孔区22的第一细长形孔段2a之间可形成等宽度的桥区C4，这样有利于显示基板受拉伸时桥区各个位置的拉应力更加均衡，避免局部拉应力过大而破坏。
在一些实施例中，还可使位于第一岛区A的相对两侧的细长形的桥区相互平行。例如，图2中左右相对的桥区C4和桥区C2相互平行，上下相对的桥区C1和桥区C3平行。这样有利于获得形状更规则的第一岛区和第二岛区，从而一方面可使得显示基板受拉伸时岛区和桥区各个位置的拉应力更加均衡，另一方面也方便开孔图形的设计、加工以及显示单元的形成。
在图1的左下角标识了相互正交的第一方向X和第二方向Y。在一些实施例中，可拉伸衬底所包括的多个开孔图形可沿相互正交的第一方向X和第二方向Y依次排列。并且，参考图1和图4，在一些实施例中，多个开孔图形中在所述第一方向X相邻的两个开孔图形中的部分桥区相互错开，且在沿所述第一方向X延伸的第一参考线r1上的正投影部分重合。多个开孔图形中在所述第二方向Y相邻的两个开孔图形中的部分桥区相互错开，且在沿所述第二方向Y延伸的第二参考线r2上的正投影部分重合。第一参考线r1和第二参考线r2可分别根据第一方向X和第二方向Y任意设置虚拟直线进行实现。
以图4中开孔图形20和分别与其在第一方向X相邻的开孔图形20’和在第二方向Y相邻的开孔图形20”为例，可以看到开孔图形20在第一参考线r1上的正投影20S与开孔图形20’在第一参考线r1上的正投影20S’存在重合部分，而开孔图形20在第二参考线r2上的正投影20S”与开孔图形20”在第二参考线r2上的正投影20S”’存在重合部分。并且，参考图2和图4，开孔图形20靠右的桥区C1与相邻的开孔图形20’的桥区C3在第二方向Y错开长度y，而开孔图形20靠上的桥区C4与相邻的开孔图形20”的桥区C2在第一方向X错开长度x。
相邻两个开孔图形的部分桥区相互错开且在第一参考线r1上的正投影部分重合，可使得相邻两个开孔图形的桥区能够围出位于这两者之间的第二岛区B。另外，参考图2，在一些实施例中，还可使位于所述第一岛区A的相邻两侧的细长形的桥区相互垂直。这样可形成矩形或正方形的第一岛区和第二岛区，使得显示基板受拉伸时岛区和桥区各个位置的拉应力更加均衡，同时也方便开孔图形的设计、加工以及显示单元的形成。
图5是图2中开孔图形中多个尺寸的示意图。图6是图5中四种不同的参数组合的开孔图形实例所对应的拉伸特性曲线示意图。
参考图5，在一些实施例中，四个T字形开孔区围出呈正方形的第一岛区。每个T字形开孔区的第一细长形孔段和第二细长形孔段相互垂直，且四个T字形开孔区在第一岛区的四个方向形成四个桥区。这里定义第一岛区的边长为a，桥区的宽度为b，第二细长形孔段的长度为c，第一细长形孔段的长度为d，第一细长形孔段和第二细长形孔段的宽度均为e，绕第一岛区的同一时针方向相邻的T字形开孔区的第一细长形孔段的最短距离为f。
根据实验，图5中开孔图形的各个参数的可选范围为：a取值为250～600μm，b取值为60～190μm，c取值为800～1600μm，d取值为500～1200μm，e取值为15～50μm，f取值为40～300μm。在上述可选范围的基础上，以下提供四个实例：
实例一：a取值为250～350μm，b取值为60～100μm，c取值为800～900μm，d取值为500～600μm，e取值为15～25μm，f取值为60～100μm；
实例二：a取值为400～600μm，b取值为130～190μm，c取值为1400～1600μm，d取值为1100～1200μm，e取值为30～50μm，f取值为130～190μm；
实例三：a取值为250～350μm，b取值为60～100μm，c取值为800～900μm，d取值为500～600μm，e取值为15～25μm，f取值为130～190μm；
实例四：a取值为400～600μm，b取值为130～190μm，c取值为1400～1600μm，d取值为1100～1200μm，e取值为30～50μm，f取值为200～300μm。
图6中的四条曲线L1～L4表示了实例一到实例四的拉伸特性，即在显示基板在被逐渐拉伸时，其应力的变化情况。在图6中通过两条虚线按照拉伸距离划分出三个区，分别为应力抬升区S1、线性应力应变区S2和非线性应力应变区S3。从图6中的四条曲线来看，这四条曲线均可以实现良好的拉伸特性。
对于可拉伸的显示基板来说，其主要用到的区在于线性应力应变区S2。在这四条 曲线中，曲线L1、L3和L4相比于曲线L2具有更大的拉伸刚性，且曲线L1对应的开孔图形中的各项参数取值较小，相比于曲线L3和L4更容易实现高像素密度，因此以实例一为优选方案，即优选第一岛区的边长为250～350μm，桥区的宽度为60～100μm，第二细长形孔段的长度为800～900μm，第一细长形孔段的长度为500～600μm，第一细长形孔段和第二细长形孔段的宽度均为15～25μm，绕第一岛区的同一时针方向相邻的T字形开孔区的第一细长形孔段的最短距离为60～100μm。
图7是根据本公开显示基板的一实施例划分成多个可拉伸显示区的示意图。图8是图7中一个可拉伸显示区的组成示意图。
参考图7和图8，在一些实施例中，所述可拉伸衬底10包括通过所述多个开孔图形形成的、沿所述第一方向X和所述第二方向Y依次分布的多个可拉伸显示区11。每个可拉伸显示区11包括第一岛区A和三个第二岛区。
对于每个可拉伸显示区11来说，每个第一岛区A可由多个开孔图形中的第一开孔图形20a中的多个桥区围出。根据图8所示的第一方向X和第二方向Y，这里的第一开孔图形20a可以为图8中位于左上角的开孔图形，相应的，每个可拉伸显示区11对应的第一开孔图形20a均位于左上角。
三个第二岛区中的第一个(即第二岛区B 1)由所述第一开孔图形20a的部分桥区和所述多个开孔图形中与所述第一开孔图形20a沿所述第一方向X相邻的第二开孔图形20b的部分桥区围出。三个第二岛区中的第二个(即第二岛区B 2)由所述第一开孔图形20a的部分桥区和所述多个开孔图形中与所述第一开孔图形20a沿所述第二方向Y相邻的第三开孔图形20c的部分桥区围出。根据图8所示的第一方向X和第二方向Y，这里的第二开孔图形20b和第三开孔图形20c分别为图8中位于右上角和左下角的开孔图形。
三个第二岛区中的第三个(即第二岛区B 3)由所述第一开孔图形20a的部分桥区、所述第二开孔图形20b的部分桥区、所述第三开孔图形20c的部分桥区和所述多个开孔图形中与所述第二开孔图形20b和所述第三开孔图形20c均相邻的第四开孔图形20d的部分桥区围出。这里的第四开孔图形20d相当于与第一开孔图形20a在对角线方向上相邻。根据图8所示的第一方向X和第二方向Y，这里的第四开孔图形20d为图8中位于右下角的开孔图形。
对于可拉伸衬底来说，各个可拉伸显示区对应的岛区尺寸以及开孔图形的参数可以相同，也可以不相同。在一些实施例中，可以使多个可拉伸显示区中的每个可拉伸 显示区的杨氏模量基本相等。无论可拉伸显示区位于可拉伸衬底的边缘位置还是中心位置，其杨氏模量基本相等，这样可以使得显示基板在宏观上变形均匀，避免显示基板在被拉伸后显示异常。
图9是根据本公开显示基板的另一实施例的结构示意图。图10是图9实施例中一个开孔图形实例的示意图。图11是图9中一个可拉伸显示区的组成示意图。
参考图9，在一些实施例中，多个开孔图形中的部分开孔图形包括能够与相邻的开孔图形中的开孔区形成桥区的开孔区。在图9中，每个开孔图形包括四个工字形开孔区。为了体现相邻开孔图形之间桥区的特点，这里对一个开孔图形的开孔区进行加粗，而与其相邻的各个开孔图形的开孔区未被加粗。需要说明的是，本公开的各附图中线条的粗细仅用于对照说明，而非体现开孔区的实际孔宽。
在图10中，四个工字形开孔区的每个工字形开孔区包括一个第一细长形孔段2a、一个与所述第一细长形孔段2a不相交的第三细长形孔段2c和位于所述第一细长形孔段2a和所述第三细长形孔段2c之间，并分别与所述第一细长形孔段2a和所述第三细长形孔段2c的非端部连通的一个第二细长形孔段2b。
各个工字形开孔区的第一细长形孔段2a分别位于所述第一岛区A的周围，并绕所述第一岛区A依次旋转90度。各个工字形开孔区的第二细长形孔段2b分别位于所述第一岛区的周围，绕所述第一岛区依次旋转90度，并与绕所述第一岛区A的同一时针方向相邻的工字形开孔区中的第一细长形孔段2a形成桥区。各个工字形开孔区的第三细长形孔段2c与相邻开孔图形中的开孔区形成桥区。
在图9中，第一细长形孔段2a与第二细长形孔段2b形成了位于第一岛区A的四个方向的桥区C1、C2、C3和C4。加粗显示的开孔图形周围共有8个相邻开孔图形，相应地，该开孔图形中各个工字形开孔区的第三细长形孔段2c与每个相邻开孔图形中的开孔区共形成了8个桥区，即桥区C5、C6、C7、C8、C9、C10、C11和C12。通过选择适合的开孔图形，可以增加相邻岛区之间的桥区数量，进一步改善桥区拉应力集中的问题。另外，更多的桥区可以为信号线的设置提供更多的选择。
参考图10和图11，在一些实施例中，第一细长形孔段2a、所述第二细长形孔段2b和所述第三细长形孔段2c均为直线孔段，且所述第一细长形孔段2a和第三细长形孔段2c相互平行，并均与所述第二细长形孔段2b垂直。这样，可形成矩形或正方形的第一岛区和第二岛区。
参考图7和图8，图11中的可拉伸衬底也包括多个可拉伸显示区，每个可拉伸显 示区包括第一岛区A和三个第二岛区(即第二岛区B 1、B 2和B 3)。以图8所示的可拉伸显示区为例，其第一岛区A呈正方形，边长为a，而第二岛区B 1和B 2均呈长方形，且短边长度为a，长边长度为a+2b，第二岛区B 3呈正方形，边长为a+2b，这里b为桥区宽度。而图11中的可拉伸显示区的第一岛区A和三个第二岛区B 1、B 2和B 3均呈正方形，边长为a。相比于T字形开孔区，工字形开孔区所形成的开孔图形围出的第一岛区和第二岛区尺寸基本相同，在显示基板受拉伸时各个岛区的变形比较一致，而且桥区更多，有利于减少拉应力的集中。
根据面积计算公式，T字形开孔区对应的第一岛区A的面积为a 2，第二岛区B 1和B 2的面积均为a*(a+2b)，第二岛区的面积为(a+2b) 2。而工字形开孔区的第一岛区A、三个第二岛区B 1、B 2和B 3的面积均为a 2。假设a取值为300μm，b取值为80μm，则工字形开孔区对应的一个可拉伸显示区中岛区总面积为36*10 4μm 2，而T字形开孔区对应的一个可拉伸显示区中岛区总面积为57.76*10 4μm 2，相比于工字形开孔区对应的一个可拉伸显示区中岛区总面积增加了60.44％，因此可获得更大的显示面积，增加像素密度。另外，虽然在微观上T字形开孔区对应的一个可拉伸显示区中的第一岛区和第二岛区存在面积差，但基于开孔图形的均匀分布，从整个显示基板来说，仍然呈现了宏观均匀性。
图12的(a)-(c)分别是本公开显示基板的一些实施例中不同种类的开孔图形的示意图。
参考图2、图10和图12的(a)-(c)，在一些实施例中，多个开孔区中的每个开孔区可以呈T字形和工字形中的一种。在图2所示实施例中，一个开孔图形中的每个开孔区均呈T字形。在图10所示实施例中，一个开孔图形中的每个开孔区均呈工字形。而在图12的(a)-(c)分别所示的实施例中，一个开孔图形中的四个开孔区可以包括一个呈T字形的开孔区和三个呈工字形的开孔区，或者包括两个呈T字形的开孔区和两个呈工字形的开孔区，又或者包括三个呈T字形的开孔区和一个呈工字形的开孔区。对于显示基板来说，其可以包括图2、图10和图12的(a)-(c)中任意一种或者多种开孔图形。
通过对相关技术的通过挖孔来实现显示装置拉伸性的方案和本公开显示基板实施例的测试，相比于相关技术方案，本公开显示基板实施例具有较小的岛桥宽度比(岛区宽度/桥区宽度)和桥区最大应变量。在可拉伸性能指标方面，本公开实施例的理论PPI上可达到90～110以上，超过一些相关技术方案所能达到的理论PPI(例如44)的 一倍以上。而选择通过T字形开孔区组成开孔图形的本公开实施例还可以进一步提升理论PPI。本公开实施例的最大拉伸量可达到8％～10％，而一些相关技术方案仅能达到3％～5％，也相当程度地小于本公开实施例的最大拉伸量。通过上述比较，本公开实施例相比于相关技术方案不仅提升了最大拉伸量，而且也进一步增加了显示面积，提升了PPI。
图13是本公开显示基板的一个实施例的模拟拉伸示意图。图14的(a)-(b)分别是本公开显示基板的一些实施例的开孔图形的示意图。图15的(a)-(b)分别为图14的(a)和(b)的开孔图形中的一个开孔区的结构及尺寸示意图。
参考图13，以包括工字形开孔区所组成的开孔图形20的显示基板为例，该工字形开孔区的第一细长形孔段、所述第二细长形孔段和所述第三细长形孔段均为鼓形孔段。当对该显示基板进行模拟拉伸时，工字形开孔区均发生了一定程度的变形。参考图13中的应力分布，位于开孔区边缘的颜色较浅的区域50体现了应力相对集中的情况。
从图13中可以看到，对应于应力相对集中的部位，第一细长形孔段、第二细长形孔段和第三细长形孔段的中部相比于两端变得更宽。第一细长形孔段和第三细长形孔段整体均向自身连接的第二细长形孔段内凹而形成弧形，第二细长形孔段则被拉成鼓形。
为了进一步提高显示基板的拉伸量，可以参考直线孔段的开孔图形的模拟拉伸图形来进行开孔图形的形状和尺寸设计。参考图14的(a)和图15的(a)，在一些实施例中，分别与第二细长形孔段的两端连接的所述第一细长形孔段和第三细长形孔段均为弧形孔段(即孔段中线为弧线)。所述弧形孔段的中部宽度e1均分别为两端宽度e2的1.5～2倍。弧形孔段的圆心位于远离所述第二细长形孔段的一侧。在实际设计中，可将邻近第二细长形孔段一侧的孔壁设置成弧形，远离第二细长形孔段一侧的孔壁设置成直线形。
第二细长形孔段为鼓形孔段，且所述鼓形孔段的中部宽度e3分别为两端宽度e4的2～3倍。在实际设计中，可将第二细长形孔段两侧的孔壁均设置成弧形，从而使第二细长形孔段呈鼓形。
参考图14的(b)和图15的(b)，在一些实施例中，第一细长形孔段为弧形孔段(即孔段中线为弧线)。所述弧形孔段的中部宽度e1分别为两端宽度e2的1.5～2倍，且圆心位于远离所述第二细长形孔段的一侧。在实际设计中，可将邻近第二细长形孔段 一侧的孔壁设置成弧形，远离第二细长形孔段一侧的孔壁设置成直线形。
所述第二细长形孔段为鼓形孔段，且所述鼓形孔段的中部宽度e3分别为两端宽度e4的2～3倍。在实际设计中，可将第二细长形孔段两侧的孔壁均设置成弧形，从而使第二细长形孔段呈鼓形。
通过上述弧线孔段和鼓形孔段的形状和尺寸的设计，可以使一些显示基板的实施例能够增加最大形变量，提升拉伸的稳定性。
上述显示基板的各实施例适用于各类显示装置，相应地，本公开还提供了一种显示装置，包括前述任一显示基板实施例。所述显示装置可以为：手机、平板电脑、电视机、显示器、笔记本电脑、数码相框、导航仪、增强/虚拟现实头盔等任何具有显示功能的产品或部件。
图16是本公开显示基板的制备方法的一个实施例的流程示意图。
参考图16和前述显示基板的实施例，本公开还提供了一种显示基板的制备方法。在图16中，显示基板的制备方法包括步骤S100到步骤S300。在步骤S100中，提供可拉伸衬底。在步骤S200中，在所述可拉伸衬底表面形成多个开孔图形，所述多个开孔图形中的每个开孔图形包括多个开孔区。多个开孔区中相邻的开孔区之间形成能够围出第一岛区的多个桥区，所述多个开孔图形中每个开孔图形与相邻的至少两个开孔图形围成多个第二岛区。
在步骤S300中，在所述第一岛区和所述多个第二岛区上形成多个显示单元，并在多个桥区形成分别连接所述多个显示单元的多个信号线。
在一些实施例中，步骤S200可以与步骤S300的顺序可以互换，即先通过步骤S300在可拉伸衬底表面对应于第一岛区和多个第二岛区的部位形成多个显示单元，在可拉伸衬底表面对应于多个桥区的部位形成多个信号线，再通过步骤S200在可拉伸衬底表面形成开孔图形。
本说明书中多个实施例采用递进的方式描述，各实施例的重点有所不同，而各个实施例之间相同或相似的部分相互参见即可。对于方法实施例而言，由于其整体以及涉及的步骤与系统实施例中的内容存在对应关系，因此描述的比较简单，相关之处参见系统实施例的部分说明即可。
至此，已经详细描述了本公开的各实施例。为了避免遮蔽本公开的构思，没有描述本领域所公知的一些细节。本领域技术人员根据上面的描述，完全可以明白如何实施这里公开的技术方案。
虽然已经通过示例对本公开的一些特定实施例进行了详细说明，但是本领域的技术人员应该理解，以上示例仅是为了进行说明，而不是为了限制本公开的范围。本领域的技术人员应该理解，可在不脱离本公开的范围和精神的情况下，对以上实施例进行修改或者对部分技术特征进行等同替换。本公开的范围由所附权利要求来限定。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种显示基板，包括：
    可拉伸衬底，包括沿所述可拉伸衬底表面分布的多个开孔图形，其中，所述多个开孔图形中的每个开孔图形包括多个开孔区，所述多个开孔区中相邻的开孔区之间形成能够围出第一岛区的多个桥区，所述多个开孔图形中每个开孔图形能够与相邻的至少两个开孔图形围成多个第二岛区；
    多个显示单元，分别设置在所述第一岛区和所述多个第二岛区上；和
    多个信号线，分别连接在多个所述显示单元之间，且分别设置于所述多个桥区。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的显示基板，其中，所述多个开孔区中的至少两个开孔区均包括细长形孔段，相邻的开孔区的细长形孔段之间形成细长形的桥区。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的显示基板，其中，所述相邻的开孔区的细长形孔段相互平行。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的显示基板，其中，位于所述第一岛区的相对两侧的细长形的桥区相互平行。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的显示基板，其中，位于所述第一岛区的相邻两侧的细长形的桥区相互垂直。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的显示基板，其中，所述多个开孔图形沿相互正交的第一方向和第二方向依次排列，所述多个开孔图形中在所述第一方向相邻的两个开孔图形中的部分桥区相互错开，且在沿所述第一方向延伸的第一参考线上的正投影部分重合，所述多个开孔图形中在所述第二方向相邻的两个开孔图形中的部分桥区相互错开，且在沿所述第二方向延伸的第二参考线上的正投影部分重合。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的显示基板，其中，所述多个开孔图形中的部分开孔图形包括能够与相邻的开孔图形中的开孔区形成桥区的开孔区。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的显示基板，其中，所述多个开孔区中的每个开孔区呈T字形和工字形中的一种。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的显示基板，其中，所述多个开孔区包括：
    四个T字形开孔区，每个T字形开孔区包括一个第一细长形孔段和与所述第一细长形孔段的非端部连通的一个第二细长形孔段；
    其中，各个T字形开孔区的第一细长形孔段分别位于所述第一岛区的周围，且绕 所述第一岛区依次旋转90度，各个T字形开孔区的第二细长形孔段分别位于所述第一岛区的周围，绕所述第一岛区依次旋转90度，并与绕所述第一岛区的同一时针方向相邻的T字形开孔区中的第一细长形孔段形成桥区。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的显示基板，其中，所述第一细长形孔段和所述第二细长形孔段均为直线孔段，且所述第一细长形孔段和所述第二细长形孔段相互垂直。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的显示基板，其中，所述第一岛区呈正方形，且边长为250～350μm，所述桥区的宽度为60～100μm，所述第二细长形孔段的长度为800～900μm，所述第一细长形孔段的长度为500～600μm，所述第一细长形孔段和所述第二细长形孔段的宽度均为15～25μm，绕所述第一岛区的同一时针方向相邻的T字形开孔区的第一细长形孔段的最短距离为60～100μm。
  12. 根据权利要求9所述的显示基板，其中，所述第一细长形孔段为弧形孔段，所述弧形孔段的中部宽度分别为两端宽度的1.5～2倍，且圆心位于远离所述第二细长形孔段的一侧；所述第二细长形孔段为鼓形孔段，且所述鼓形孔段的中部宽度分别为两端宽度的2～3倍。
  13. 根据权利要求8所述的显示基板，其中，所述多个开孔区包括：
    四个工字形开孔区，每个工字形开孔区包括一个第一细长形孔段、一个与所述第一细长形孔段不相交的第三细长形孔段和位于所述第一细长形孔段和所述第三细长形孔段之间，并分别与所述第一细长形孔段和所述第三细长形孔段的非端部连通的一个第二细长形孔段；
    其中，各个工字形开孔区的第一细长形孔段分别位于所述第一岛区的周围，并绕所述第一岛区依次旋转90度，各个工字形开孔区的第二细长形孔段分别位于所述第一岛区的周围，绕所述第一岛区依次旋转90度，并与绕所述第一岛区的同一时针方向相邻的工字形开孔区中的第一细长形孔段形成桥区，各个工字形开孔区的第三细长形孔段与相邻开孔图形中的开孔区形成桥区。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的显示基板，其中，所述第一细长形孔段、所述第二细长形孔段和所述第三细长形孔段均为直线孔段，且所述第一细长形孔段和第三细长形孔段相互平行，并均与所述第二细长形孔段垂直。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的显示基板，其中，所述第一细长形孔段和第三细长形孔段均为弧形孔段，所述弧形孔段的中部宽度均分别为两端宽度的1.5～2倍，且圆心位于远离所述第二细长形孔段的一侧；所述第二细长形孔段为鼓形孔段，且所述鼓 形孔段的中部宽度分别为两端宽度的2～3倍。
  16. 根据权利要求6所述的显示基板，其中，所述可拉伸衬底包括通过所述多个开孔图形形成的、沿所述第一方向和所述第二方向依次分布的多个可拉伸显示区，每个可拉伸显示区包括所述第一岛区和三个所述第二岛区，其中：
    所述第一岛区由所述多个开孔图形中的第一开孔图形中的多个桥区围出；
    三个所述第二岛区中的第一个由所述第一开孔图形的部分桥区和所述多个开孔图形中与所述第一开孔图形沿所述第一方向相邻的第二开孔图形的部分桥区围出；
    三个所述第二岛区中的第二个由所述第一开孔图形的部分桥区和所述多个开孔图形中与所述第一开孔图形沿所述第二方向相邻的第三开孔图形的部分桥区围出；
    三个所述第二岛区中的第三个由所述第一开孔图形的部分桥区、所述第二开孔图形的部分桥区、所述第三开孔图形的部分桥区和所述多个开孔图形中与所述第二开孔图形和所述第三开孔图形均相邻的第四开孔图形的部分桥区围出。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的显示基板，其中，所述多个可拉伸显示区中的每个可拉伸显示区的杨氏模量基本相等。
  18. 根据权利要求1所述的显示基板，其中，所述多个显示单元中的每个显示单元包括有机发光二极管或量子点发光二极管。
  19. 一种显示基板的制备方法，包括：
    提供可拉伸衬底；
    在所述可拉伸衬底表面形成多个开孔图形，所述多个开孔图形中的每个开孔图形包括多个开孔区，所述多个开孔区中相邻的开孔区之间形成能够围出第一岛区的多个桥区，所述多个开孔图形中每个开孔图形与相邻的至少两个开孔图形围成多个第二岛区；
    在所述第一岛区和所述多个第二岛区上形成多个显示单元，并在多个桥区形成分别连接所述多个显示单元的多个信号线。
  20. 一种显示装置，包括权利要求1～18任一所述的显示基板。
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