WO2021002324A1 - ゼオライトの製造方法 - Google Patents
ゼオライトの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021002324A1 WO2021002324A1 PCT/JP2020/025524 JP2020025524W WO2021002324A1 WO 2021002324 A1 WO2021002324 A1 WO 2021002324A1 JP 2020025524 W JP2020025524 W JP 2020025524W WO 2021002324 A1 WO2021002324 A1 WO 2021002324A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B39/00—Compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites; Their preparation; After-treatment, e.g. ion-exchange or dealumination
- C01B39/02—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof
- C01B39/026—After-treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B39/00—Compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites; Their preparation; After-treatment, e.g. ion-exchange or dealumination
- C01B39/02—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof
- C01B39/46—Other types characterised by their X-ray diffraction pattern and their defined composition
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/18—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the mordenite type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
- B01J29/7007—Zeolite Beta
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B39/00—Compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites; Their preparation; After-treatment, e.g. ion-exchange or dealumination
- C01B39/02—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof
- C01B39/04—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof using at least one organic template directing agent, e.g. an ionic quaternary ammonium compound or an aminated compound
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B39/00—Compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites; Their preparation; After-treatment, e.g. ion-exchange or dealumination
- C01B39/02—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof
- C01B39/26—Mordenite type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
- B01J2229/10—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained
- B01J2229/16—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to increase the Si/Al ratio; Dealumination
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
- B01J2229/30—After treatment, characterised by the means used
- B01J2229/38—Base treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing zeolite.
- Synthetic zeolite is a crystalline aluminosilicate and has sub-nano-sized uniform pores due to its crystal structure. Taking advantage of this feature, synthetic zeolite is industrially used as a molecular sieve adsorbent that adsorbs only molecules having a specific size, an adsorption separator that adsorbs molecules having a strong affinity, or a catalyst base. Beta-type zeolite, which is one of such zeolites, is currently used in large quantities all over the world as a catalyst in the petrochemical industry and as an adsorbent for treating automobile exhaust gas.
- beta-type zeolite has been synthesized using an organic structure-regulating agent (hereinafter, also referred to as “OSDA”), but in recent years, a method for synthesizing beta-type zeolite without using OSDA has been proposed (see Patent Document 1). .. Similarly, mordenite zeolites are currently used in large quantities worldwide as catalysts in the petrochemical industry. A method for synthesizing a mordenite-type zeolite without OSDA is described in, for example, Patent Document 2.
- OSDA organic structure-regulating agent
- OSDA-free zeolite Zeolites synthesized without using OSDA (hereinafter, also referred to as “OSDA-free zeolite”) have a low Si / Al ratio and exhibit high crystallinity. Due to this, the OSDA-free zeolite is characterized by high ion exchange ability derived from a low Si / Al ratio and high durability and high selectivity derived from high crystallinity.
- affinity with the reactant difference in affinity hydrophobicity and polarity
- Si / Al ratio to suit the purpose of use. Is. That is, in order to utilize the high crystallinity of OSDA-free zeolite in a wide range of applications, a technique for adjusting the Si / Al ratio by dealuminum while maintaining the crystallinity is required.
- Patent Document 3 As a conventional technique for adjusting the Si / Al ratio of beta-type zeolite, for example, the one described in Patent Document 3 is known.
- the beta-type zeolite is converted to ammonium type by ion exchange, then the beta-type zeolite is exposed to water vapor, and the exposed beta-type zeolite is subjected to acid treatment to obtain Si / of the beta-type zeolite.
- the Al ratio is adjusted.
- Patent Document 3 describes only examples in which the Si / Al ratio exceeds 40.
- the present inventor retested the technique described in Patent Document 3, it is not easy to obtain a beta zeolite having a Si / Al ratio in a relatively low range of 40 or less while maintaining crystallinity. found.
- Zeolites having a relatively low Si / Al ratio of 40 or less contain a large amount of Al as compared with zeolites having a Si / Al ratio of more than 40, and thus have high ion exchange capacity and high acidity. It is important for application from the viewpoint. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method capable of producing a zeolite having high crystallinity in a range of a relatively low Si / Al ratio.
- zeolite synthesized without using an organic structure defining agent is ion-exchanged to form sodium type, proton type or ammonium type.
- the present invention provides a method for producing a zeolite, which comprises a step of contacting a zeolite after ion exchange with an ammonium salt solution to remove aluminum.
- the "relatively low Si / Al ratio range” is a range in which the Si / Al ratio is 40 or less.
- the production method of the present invention includes a step of contacting a zeolite synthesized without using OSDA with an ammonium salt solution, that is, a step of dealuminating. Methods for producing OSDA-free zeolite are known in the art, and are described, for example, in Patent Documents 1 and 2 described above.
- the OSDA-free zeolite When removing aluminum from OSDA-free zeolite, it is desirable not to reduce the crystallinity of zeolite as much as possible.
- the zeolite is preferably a beta-type zeolite or a mordenite-type zeolite.
- ammonium salt either an organic ammonium salt or an inorganic ammonium salt can be used.
- organic ammonium salt include an organic acid ammonium salt such as ammonium oxalate.
- inorganic ammonium salt include ammonium fluoride, ammonium silica fluoride, ammonium bobofluoride, ammonium phosphate, ammonium titanium fluoride and ammonium zircon fluoride.
- ammonium salts can be used alone, or two or more thereof can be used in combination.
- Dealuminum using ammonium salt can be performed by adding ammonium salt to the aqueous dispersion of zeolite.
- concentration of zeolite in the aqueous dispersion is preferably 0.0033 g / mL or more and 1 g / mL or less, and is 0.01 g / mL or more and 0. It is more preferably 66 g / mL or less, and further preferably 0.033 g / mL or more and 0.33 g / mL or less.
- the form of adding the ammonium salt to the aqueous dispersion may be a solution or a powder. However, when the ammonium salt is used in a powder state, it must be dissolved in an aqueous dispersion. From an industrial point of view, it is preferable to add an ammonium salt in the form of an aqueous solution to the aqueous dispersion of zeolite.
- the concentration of ammonium salt in the aqueous solution after adding the ammonium salt solution to the aqueous dispersion of zeolite is 0.01 mol / L or more and 3 mol / L or less from the viewpoint of smooth dealumination while maintaining the crystallinity of zeolite. It is more preferably 0.05 mol / L or more and 2 mol / L or less, and even more preferably 0.1 mol / L or more and 1 mol / L or less.
- the ammonium salt may be directly produced in the aqueous solution by a neutralization reaction with an appropriate acid aqueous solution and a base aqueous solution.
- ammonium silicate powder is produced by neutralizing an aqueous solution of silicic acid (H 2 SiF 6 ) with an aqueous solution of ammonia (NH 3 ) to directly produce ammonium silicate ((NH 4 ) 2 SiF 6 ) in the solution.
- H 2 SiF 6 silicic acid
- NH 3 ammonia
- the contact between the ammonium salt solution and the zeolite after ion exchange is performed so that the Si / Al ratio of the obtained zeolite is the ratio described later.
- the aqueous dispersion of zeolite and the ammonium salt solution may be mixed under heating or under heating.
- the temperature of the liquid is preferably 0 ° C. or higher and 100 ° C. or lower, preferably 25 ° C. or higher and 90 ° C. or lower, from the viewpoint of smoothly removing aluminum while maintaining the crystallinity of zeolite. It is more preferable that the temperature is 25 ° C. or higher and 80 ° C. or lower.
- the zeolite may be pretreated prior to dealumination of the zeolite. Then, after that, the zeolite is dealuminated. Examples of the pretreatment include steam treatment of zeolite. Dealumination can be promoted by applying the pretreatment to the zeolite.
- the above pretreatment is preferably performed after the zeolite is in the sodium type, proton type or ammonium type.
- the zeolite may be allowed to stand in a steam atmosphere, or the zeolite may be arranged in the steam flow.
- Zeolites can be exposed to water vapor using, for example, the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 of US2017 / 368539A1.
- the temperature of steam is preferably 90 ° C. or higher and 800 ° C. or lower, more preferably 200 ° C. or higher and 700 ° C. or lower, and even more preferably 300 ° C. or higher and 700 ° C. or lower.
- the exposure time to water vapor is preferably 1 hour or more and 50 hours or less, more preferably 2 hours or more and 20 hours or less, provided that the temperature of water vapor is in this range, and is 5 hours or more and 20 hours. The following is more preferable.
- Acid treatment is suitable as the post-treatment.
- a zeolite having high crystallinity and a adjusted Si / Al ratio can be obtained more easily.
- the acid used for the acid treatment include various mineral acids such as nitric acid, hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid. Of these mineral acids, it is preferable to use nitric acid.
- the concentration of the acid aqueous solution used for the acid treatment is preferably 0.001N or more and 20N or less, more preferably 0.01N or more and 13N or less, and further preferably 0.1N or more and 3N or less. Note that "N" represents the normality.
- the amount of the acid aqueous solution added is preferably 10 mL or more and 500 mL or less, more preferably 10 mL or more and 300 mL or less, and further preferably 10 mL or more and 30 mL or less with respect to 1 g of zeolite after dealumination.
- the zeolite or the aqueous dispersion of zeolite and the aqueous acid solution may be mixed under heating or under heating.
- the temperature of the liquid is preferably 40 ° C. or higher and 100 ° C. or lower, more preferably 60 ° C. or higher and 100 ° C. or lower, and further preferably 80 ° C. or higher and 100 ° C. or lower. ..
- the zeolite produced in this manner may be of a proton type, an ammonium type, or a sodium type, a potassium type, or a lithium type. Further, the zeolite produced by the method of the present invention may be ion-exchanged to exchange the ion exchange site with a transition metal ion. Examples of transition metals that can be ion-exchanged include iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, manganese, vanadium, titanium, cerium, ruthenium, platinum, silver, and iridium. When the zeolite of the present invention is in a state of being ion-exchanged with a transition metal, the performance as a catalyst for various reactions may be further improved.
- Ion exchange with transition metal ions can be carried out, for example, by dispersing zeolite in an aqueous ammonium nitrate solution to obtain ammonium-type beta zeolite, and then using the method described in JP-A-2014-019601.
- a step of allowing an oxide of phosphorus, zirconium, zinc or silicon to be present on the surface of the zeolite may be further performed before and after the above-mentioned ion exchange.
- Zeolites having oxides of these elements on their surfaces have an appropriately controlled amount of acid on the surface, and are more useful as adsorbents for various compounds and catalysts for various reactions.
- an impregnation method, an evaporative drying method, or a surface modification method using a coupling agent such as a silane coupling agent or a zirconium coupling agent is adopted. do it.
- Whether or not oxides of these elements are present on the surface can be confirmed by, for example, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
- a step of adding at least one element M selected from titanium, tin, zinc, niobium, tantalum and zirconium to zeolite may be carried out.
- the element M can be an active site for various chemical reactions.
- a known method such as an impregnation method or an evaporation to dryness method may be adopted.
- a step of including these at least one element M in the skeleton structure of zeolite may be performed. This is because it has an excellent carrying capacity for polyvalent metal cations and can be an active site for various chemical reactions.
- the value of Si / (M + Al) expressed in atomic ratio is preferably 4 or more and 2000 or less, more preferably 4 or more and 300 or less, and further preferably 4 or more and 40 or less.
- a known method such as a hydrothermal synthesis method, a dry gel conversion method, or a solid phase crystallization method may be adopted.
- the zeolite produced by the method of the present invention preferably has a high peak intensity obtained by X-ray diffraction measurement.
- the intensity of the peak obtained by X-ray diffraction measurement is mainly related to the crystallinity of zeolite.
- the diffraction intensity of the main peak of the zeolite observed by the X-ray diffraction measurement is set to A, and the standard substance 674a distributed by the American National Institute of Standards and Technology, which is measured by X-ray diffraction under the same conditions as described above.
- the value of A / B which is the intensity ratio of A to B, can be used as a measure of crystallinity.
- the A / B value can be obtained by subjecting a sample obtained by mixing the zeolite to be measured and ⁇ -alumina, which is a standard substance, in the same volume to X-ray diffraction measurement.
- the intensity A of the main peak of zeolite obtained by this X-ray diffraction measurement and the diffraction intensity B of the (116) plane of ⁇ -alumina, which is a standard substance, are obtained, and A / B is calculated from the values of A and B. ..
- Intensities A and B are peak heights obtained by X-ray diffraction measurements.
- the reason why the diffraction peak of the (116) plane is adopted as the diffraction peak of the ⁇ -alumina is that the diffraction peak of zeolite is not observed in the vicinity of the diffraction peak of the (116) plane and the diffraction peak of the (116) plane is high intensity. This is because the measurement accuracy can be improved.
- X-ray diffraction is measured using, for example, RINT-TTR III manufactured by Rigaku Co., Ltd. and Cu K ⁇ (0.15406 nm, 50 kV, 300 mA) as an X-ray source.
- the software "PDXL2" is used for the analysis of the diffraction intensity. After removing the background, the K ⁇ 1 position is set as the peak position and fitted with a split-type pseudo Voigt function to obtain a value of diffraction intensity.
- the Si / Al ratio of the zeolite produced by the method of the present invention is preferably 4 or more and 40 or less, and particularly preferably 5 or more and 35 or less.
- the Si / Al ratio can be determined by quantitative analysis of Si and Al using ICP emission spectroscopy using an aqueous solution in which zeolite is dissolved as a sample.
- the zeolite of the present invention thus obtained has high crystallinity in a range where the Si / Al ratio is relatively low, for example, in the range of 4 or more and 40 or less. Taking advantage of this property, the zeolite of the present invention is suitably used as an adsorbent for various compounds and as a catalyst for various chemical reactions.
- the form of the catalyst is not particularly limited, and for example, a film-like or pellet-like form can be adopted.
- Example 1 (1) Preparation of Seed Crystal Using a conventionally known method using tetraethylammonium hydroxide as an organic structure-determining agent, sodium aluminate as an alumina source, and fine silica (Mizukasil P707) as a silica source, at 165 ° C. for 96 hours. Stirring and heating were carried out to synthesize a beta-type zeolite having a Si / Al ratio of 9. These were calcined at 550 ° C. for 10 hours while flowing air in an electric furnace to produce seed crystals containing no organic matter.
- the product was filtered and washed with warm water to obtain a white powder.
- X-ray diffraction measurements confirmed that the product was a sodium-type beta-zeolite containing no impurities.
- the Si / Al ratio was 5.
- Example 2 The concentration of the ammonium silicate aqueous solution used for dealuminum in Example 1 was 0.1 mol / L. Other than this, the same as in Example 1.
- Example 3 The concentration of the ammonium silicate aqueous solution used for dealuminum in Example 1 was set to 0.3 mol / L. Other than this, the same as in Example 1.
- Example 4 The concentration of the ammonium silicate aqueous solution used for dealuminum in Example 1 was 0.5 mol / L. Other than this, the same as in Example 1.
- Example 5 The concentration of the ammonium silicate aqueous solution used for dealuminum in Example 1 was set to 1 mol / L. Other than this, the same as in Example 1.
- Example 6 The concentration of the ammonium silicate aqueous solution used for dealuminum in Example 1 was set to 3 mol / L. Other than this, the same as in Example 1.
- Example 7 In Example 5, after dealuminating the OSDA free beta zeolite, acid treatment with nitric acid was performed as a post-treatment. Nitric acid was dispersed in water to obtain a 1 mol / L aqueous solution. 1 g of the dealuminated OSDA free beta zeolite powder was mixed with 30 mL of a 1 mol / L nitric acid aqueous solution and treated with acid. The mixing temperature was 80 ° C. and the mixing time was 20 hours. Other than this, the same as in Example 5.
- Example 8 The amount of ammonium-type OSDA-free beta-type zeolite used for dealuminum in Example 1 was 10 g.
- the concentration of the ammonium silicate aqueous solution used for dealumination was 0.1 mol / L
- the heating temperature with the ammonium silicate aqueous solution was 80 ° C.
- the heating time was 10 hours.
- 1 g of the dealuminated OSDA free beta zeolite powder was mixed with 30 mL of a 1 mol / L nitric acid aqueous solution for acid treatment.
- the mixing temperature was 80 ° C. and the mixing time was 20 hours.
- Example 9 The amount of ammonium-type OSDA-free beta-type zeolite used for dealuminum in Example 1 was 10 g.
- the concentration of the ammonium silicate aqueous solution used for dealumination was 0.25 mol / L
- the heating temperature with the ammonium silicate aqueous solution was 80 ° C.
- the heating time was 10 hours.
- 1 g of the dealuminated OSDA free beta zeolite powder was mixed with 30 mL of a 1 mol / L nitric acid aqueous solution for acid treatment.
- the mixing temperature was 80 ° C. and the mixing time was 20 hours.
- Example 10 The amount of ammonium-type OSDA-free beta-type zeolite used for dealuminum in Example 1 was 10 g.
- the concentration of the ammonium silicate aqueous solution used for dealuminum was set to 1 mol / L. Other than this, the same as in Example 1.
- 1 g of the dealuminated OSDA free beta zeolite powder was mixed with 30 mL of a 1 mol / L nitric acid aqueous solution for acid treatment.
- the mixing temperature was 80 ° C. and the mixing time was 20 hours.
- Example 11 Instead of performing the dealumination step of (4) OSDA free beta type zeolite of Example 1, the following step was carried out. After mixing 40 wt% of the fluorosilicate acid (H 2 SiF 6) solution 1.695ml pure water 8.25 ml, neutralized fluorosilicate acid aqueous solution was slowly added dropwise 25 wt% NH 3 aq 1.263Ml, Ammonium silicate was produced in the solution. 2.75 g of ammonium-type OSDA-free beta-type zeolite was dispersed in this neutralizing solution to obtain a dispersion. This dispersion was heated at 60 ° C. for 3 hours to remove aluminum. Then, filtration and washing with pure water were repeated. The obtained hydrous powder was dried at 100 ° C. for 12 hours or more. In this way, an OSDA-free beta-type zeolite powder having a Si / Al ratio of 8 was obtained. Other than this, the same as in Example 1.
- Example 12 In Example 11, after dealuminating the OSDA free beta zeolite, acid treatment with nitric acid was performed. Specifically, 1 g of dealuminated OSDA-free beta-type zeolite powder was mixed with 30 mL of a 1 mol / L nitric acid aqueous solution and treated with acid. The mixing temperature was 80 ° C. and the mixing time was 20 hours. Other than this, the same as in Example 11.
- Example 13 In Example 5, before dealuminating the OSDA free beta zeolite, the zeolite was pretreated to be exposed to water vapor. The zeolite was exposed at 500 ° C. for 20 hours under an air flow of 1.2 L / min with a water vapor partial pressure of about 7 kPa. Other than this, the same as in Example 5.
- Example 14 In Example 5, before dealuminating the OSDA free beta zeolite, the zeolite was pretreated to be exposed to water vapor. The zeolite was exposed at 700 ° C. for 20 hours under an air flow of 1.2 L / min with a water vapor partial pressure of about 7 kPa. Other than this, the same as in Example 5.
- Example 1 A dealuminated OSDA free beta zeolite was produced in accordance with the prior art US2017 / 368539A1 (Patent Document 3 in the background technology section). That is, nitric acid was dispersed in water to obtain a 0.4 mol / L aqueous solution. Similar to Example 1, OSDA free beta zeolite was synthesized using seed crystals. After exposing the zeolite to water vapor under the same conditions as in Example 13, 1 g of OSDA-free beta-type zeolite was dispersed in 17.5 mL of a 0.4 mol / L nitric acid aqueous solution, mixed, and subjected to acid treatment. The mixing temperature was 60 ° C. and the mixing time was 1 hour.
- Example 15 (1) Preparation of OSDA-free mordenite type zeolite The reaction mixture was placed in a 60 mL stainless steel airtight container, and the temperature was 150 ° C. and the time was 100 hours when the reaction mixture was allowed to stand and heated under self-sustaining pressure without aging and stirring. A white powder was obtained by performing the same procedure as that described in (1) and (2) of Example 1 except for the above. X-ray diffraction measurements and ICP emission spectroscopy confirmed that the product was a sodium-type mordenite-type zeolite. As a result of ICP emission spectroscopic analysis, the Si / Al ratio was 5.
- Example 16 The concentration of the aqueous nitric acid solution used for the acid treatment in Example 15 was set to 3 mol / L. Other than this, the same as in Example 15.
- Example 15 No dealumination was performed in Example 15. Other than this, the same as in Example 15.
- the beta-zeolite obtained in Example 1 had a strength ratio A / B similar to that of the reference example even though the beta-zeolite obtained in Reference Example 1 was dealuminated. It can be seen that a beta-type zeolite with high crystallinity has been realized. Similarly, it can be seen that beta-type zeolite having high crystallinity can be realized in Examples 2 to 12. As shown in Table 2, it can be seen that the beta-zeolites of Examples 13 and 14 that have been pretreated to be exposed to water vapor also have a high intensity ratio A / B and highly crystalline beta-zeolites.
- the beta-type zeolite of Comparative Example 1 dealuminated by the acid treatment according to the prior art has a lower strength ratio A / B than the beta-type zeolite obtained in Examples 1 to 14. , It can be seen that the crystallinity is low.
- the mordenite-type zeolites obtained in Examples 15 and 16 also have a higher strength ratio A / B than the mordenite-type zeolite of Comparative Example 2 dealuminated by acid treatment, which is a conventional technique. It can be seen that a mordenite-type zeolite with high crystallinity has been realized.
- a method capable of producing a zeolite having high crystallinity in a range of a relatively low Si / Al ratio is provided.
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Abstract
Description
イオン交換後のゼオライトと、アンモニウム塩溶液とを接触させて脱アルミニウムする工程を有するゼオライトの製造方法を提供するものである。
前記の工程に代えて、又は前記の工程に加えて、ゼオライトの骨格構造中にこれら少なくとも一つの元素Mを含ませる工程を行ってもよい。多価金属カチオンの担持能に優れること及び種々の化学反応の活性点となり得るからである。これらの観点から、原子比で表したSi/(M+Al)の値が4以上2000以下であることが好ましく、4以上300以下であることが更に好ましく、4以上40以下であることが一層好ましい。ゼオライトの骨格構造中に元素Mを含有させるためには、例えば水熱合成法、ドライゲルコンバージョン法、固相結晶化法などの公知の方法を採用すればよい。
(1)種結晶の作製
テトラエチルアンモニウムヒドロキシドを有機構造規定剤として用い、アルミン酸ナトリウムをアルミナ源、微粉状シリカ(Mizukasil P707)をシリカ源とする従来公知の方法により、165℃、96時間、攪拌加熱を行って、Si/Al比が9のベータ型ゼオライトを合成した。これらを電気炉中で空気を流通しながら550℃で10時間焼成して、有機物を含まない種結晶を製造した。
純水13.9gに、アルミン酸ナトリウム0.235gと、36%水酸化ナトリウム1.828gを溶解した。微粉状シリカ(Cab-O-sil、M-5)2.024gと、ベータ型ゼオライトの種結晶0.202gを混合したものを、少しずつ前記の水溶液に添加して攪拌混合し、SiO2/Al2O3=40、Na2O/SiO2=0.275、H2O/SiO2=25の組成からなる反応混合物を得た。この反応混合物を60mLのステンレス製密閉容器に入れて、熟成及び攪拌することなしに140℃で46時間、自生圧力下で静置加熱した。密閉容器を冷却後、生成物を濾過、温水洗浄して白色粉末を得た。X線回折測定によって、この生成物は不純物を含まないナトリウム型のベータ型ゼオライトであることを確認した。ICP発光分光分析の結果、そのSi/Al比は5であった。
前記のナトリウム型のベータ型ゼオライト1gを2mol/Lの硝酸アンモニウム水溶液30mLに分散させた。この分散液を80℃で24時間保持した。その後、分散液の濾過を行い、次いで十分な量の蒸留水で洗浄し、100℃で一晩乾燥させた。このようにしてアンモニウム型OSDAフリーベータ型ゼオライトを得た。
1gのアンモニウム型OSDAフリーベータ型ゼオライトを30mLの純水に分散させて分散液を得た。脱アルミニウム剤としてケイフッ化アンモニウムを用いた。ケイフッ化アンモニウム粉末試薬0.2675gを前記OSDAフリーベータ型ゼオライト分散液に添加した(ケイフッ化アンモニウム水溶液0.05mol/L相当)。この溶液を60℃、3時間加熱した。その後濾過及び純水による洗浄を繰り返した。得られた含水粉末を100℃12時間以上乾燥した。このようにして、Si/Al比が6であるOSDAフリーベータ型ゼオライト粉末を得た。
実施例1において脱アルミニウムに用いたケイフッ化アンモニウム水溶液の濃度を0.1mol/Lとした。これ以外は実施例1と同様にした。
実施例1において脱アルミニウムに用いたケイフッ化アンモニウム水溶液の濃度を0.3mol/Lとした。これ以外は実施例1と同様にした。
実施例1において脱アルミニウムに用いたケイフッ化アンモニウム水溶液の濃度を0.5mol/Lとした。これ以外は実施例1と同様にした。
実施例1において脱アルミニウムに用いたケイフッ化アンモニウム水溶液の濃度を1mol/Lとした。これ以外は実施例1と同様にした。
実施例1において脱アルミニウムに用いたケイフッ化アンモニウム水溶液の濃度を3mol/Lとした。これ以外は実施例1と同様にした。
実施例5において、OSDAフリーベータ型ゼオライトを脱アルミニウムした後に、後処理として硝酸を用いた酸処理を行った。硝酸を水に分散して1mol/Lの水溶液を得た。脱アルミニウムされたOSDAフリーベータ型ゼオライト粉末1gを1mol/Lの硝酸水溶液30mLに混合して酸処理をした。混合の温度は80℃、混合時間は20時間とした。これ以外は実施例5と同様にした。
実施例1において脱アルミニウムに用いたアンモニウム型OSDAフリーベータ型ゼオライトを10gとした。また脱アルミニウムに用いたケイフッ化アンモニウム水溶液の濃度を0.1mol/Lとし、ケイフッ化アンモニウム水溶液による加熱温度を80℃、加熱時間を10時間とした。これ以外は実施例1と同様にした。
その後、脱アルミニウムされたOSDAフリーベータ型ゼオライト粉末1gを1mol/Lの硝酸水溶液30mLに混合して酸処理をした。混合の温度は80℃、混合時間は20時間とした。
実施例1において脱アルミニウムに用いたアンモニウム型OSDAフリーベータ型ゼオライトを10gとした。また脱アルミニウムに用いたケイフッ化アンモニウム水溶液の濃度を0.25mol/Lとし、ケイフッ化アンモニウム水溶液による加熱温度を80℃、加熱時間を10時間とした。これ以外は実施例1と同様にした。
その後、脱アルミニウムされたOSDAフリーベータ型ゼオライト粉末1gを1mol/Lの硝酸水溶液30mLに混合して酸処理をした。混合の温度は80℃、混合時間は20時間とした。
実施例1において脱アルミニウムに用いたアンモニウム型OSDAフリーベータ型ゼオライトを10gとした。また脱アルミニウムに用いたケイフッ化アンモニウム水溶液の濃度を1mol/Lとした。これ以外は実施例1と同様にした。
その後、脱アルミニウムされたOSDAフリーベータ型ゼオライト粉末1gを1mol/Lの硝酸水溶液30mLに混合して酸処理をした。混合の温度は80℃、混合時間は20時間とした。
実施例1の(4)OSDAフリーベータ型ゼオライトの脱アルミニウム工程を行う代わりに下記の工程を実施した。
40質量%のケイフッ酸(H2SiF6)水溶液1.695mlを純水8.25mlと混合後、25質量%NH3水溶液1.263mlをゆっくりと滴下してケイフッ酸水溶液を中和して、液中にケイフッ化アンモニウムを生成させた。この中和液に、2.75gのアンモニウム型OSDAフリーベータ型ゼオライトを分散させて分散液を得た。この分散液を60℃で3時間にわたり加熱して脱アルミニウムを行った。その後、濾過及び純水による洗浄を繰り返した。得られた含水粉末を100℃12時間以上乾燥した。このようにして、Si/Al比が8であるOSDAフリーベータ型ゼオライト粉末を得た。これ以外は実施例1と同様にした。
実施例11において、OSDAフリーベータ型ゼオライトを脱アルミニウムした後に、硝酸を用いた酸処理を行った。具体的には、脱アルミニウムされたOSDAフリーベータ型ゼオライト粉末1gを1mol/Lの硝酸水溶液30mLに混合して酸処理をした。混合の温度は80℃、混合時間は20時間とした。これ以外は実施例11と同様にした。
実施例1において脱アルミニウムを行わなかったものを参考例1とした。
実施例5において、OSDAフリーベータ型ゼオライトを脱アルミニウムする前に、当該ゼオライトを水蒸気に曝露する前処理を行った。当該ゼオライトを、水蒸気分圧約7kPaの空気流1.2L/minの下に500℃で20時間にわたり曝露した。これ以外は実施例5と同様にした。
実施例5において、OSDAフリーベータ型ゼオライトを脱アルミニウムする前に、当該ゼオライトを水蒸気に曝露する前処理を行った。当該ゼオライトを、水蒸気分圧約7kPaの空気流1.2L/minの下に700℃で20時間にわたり曝露した。これ以外は実施例5と同様にした。
実施例13において脱アルミニウムを行わなかったものを参考例2とした。
従来技術であるUS2017/368539A1(背景技術の項の特許文献3)に準拠して、脱アルミニウムをしたOSDAフリーベータ型ゼオライトを作製した。
すなわち、硝酸を水に分散して0.4mol/Lの水溶液を得た。実施例1と同様に、種結晶を用いてOSDAフリーベータ型ゼオライトを合成した。当該ゼオライトを、実施例13と同条件で水蒸気に曝露した後のOSDAフリーベータ型ゼオライト1gを0.4mol/Lの硝酸水溶液17.5mLに分散させ混合して酸処理を行った。混合の温度は60℃、混合時間は1時間とした。
(1)OSDAフリーモルデナイト型ゼオライトの作製
反応混合物を60mLのステンレス製密閉容器に入れて、熟成及び攪拌することなしに自生圧力下で静置加熱する際の温度を150℃、時間を100時間とした以外は実施例1の(1)及び(2)に記載の手順と同様の手順を行って白色粉末を得た。X線回折測定及びICP発光分光分析によって、この生成物はナトリウム型のモルデナイト型ゼオライトであることを確認した。ICP発光分光分析の結果、そのSi/Al比は5であった。
前記のナトリウム型のモルデナイト型ゼオライト1gを2mol/Lの硝酸アンモニウム水溶液30mLに分散させた。この分散液を80℃で24時間保持した。その後、分散液の濾過を行い、次いで十分な量の蒸留水で洗浄し、100℃で一晩乾燥させた。このようにしてアンモニウム型OSDAフリーモルデナイト型ゼオライトを得た。
1gのアンモニウム型OSDAフリーモルデナイト型ゼオライトを30mLの純水に分散させて分散液を得た。脱アルミニウム剤としてケイフッ化アンモニウムを用いた。ケイフッ化アンモニウム粉末試薬5.35gを前記OSDAフリーモルデナイト型ゼオライト分散液に添加した(ケイフッ化アンモニウム水溶液1mol/L相当)。この溶液を60℃、3時間加熱した。その後濾過及び純水による洗浄を繰り返した。得られた含水粉末を100℃で12時間以上乾燥した。
次いで、後処理として硝酸を用いた酸処理を行った。硝酸を水に分散して0.1mol/Lの水溶液を得た。前記ケイフッ化アンモニウム水溶液で処理したOSDAフリーモルデナイト型ゼオライト粉末1gを0.1mol/Lの硝酸水溶液30mLに分散させ、混合して酸処理をした。混合の温度は80℃、混合時間は20時間とした。このようにして、Si/Al比が7であるOSDAフリーモルデナイト型ゼオライト粉末を得た。
実施例15において酸処理に用いた硝酸水溶液の濃度を3mol/Lとした。これ以外は実施例15と同様にした。
実施例15において脱アルミニウムを行わなかった。これ以外は実施例15と同様にした。
実施例15と同様に、種結晶を用いてOSDAフリーモルデナイト型ゼオライトを合成した。当該ゼオライトを、実施例13と同条件で水蒸気に曝露した後のOSDAフリーモルデナイト型ゼオライト1gを3mol/Lの硝酸水溶液17.5mLに分散させ混合して酸処理を行った。混合の温度は60℃、混合時間は1時間とした。
実施例、比較例及び参考例で得られたゼオライトについて、上述の方法でX線回折測定を行い、上述のA、B及び強度比A/Bの値を求めた。更に、元素分析を行いSi/Al比を求めた。実施例1ないし12及び参考例1の結果を以下の表1に示す。実施例13及び14並びに参考例2の結果を表2に示す。比較例1の結果を表3に示す。更に、実施例15及び16、参考例3、並びに比較例2の結果を表4に示す。
表2に示すとおり、水蒸気に曝露する前処理を行った実施例13及び14のベータ型ゼオライトに関しても強度比A/Bが高く、結晶性の高いベータ型ゼオライトが実現できていることが判る。
表3に示すとおり、従来技術である酸処理により脱アルミニウムされた比較例1のベータ型ゼオライトは、実施例1~14で得られたベータ型ゼオライトと比較して、強度比A/Bが低く、結晶性が低いことが判る。
表4に示すとおり、実施例15及び16で得られたモルデナイト型ゼオライトに関しても、従来技術である酸処理により脱アルミニウムされた比較例2のモルデナイト型ゼオライトと比較して強度比A/Bが高く、結晶性の高いモルデナイト型ゼオライトが実現できていることが判る。
Claims (5)
- 有機構造規定剤を用いずに合成されたゼオライトをイオン交換してナトリウム型、プロトン型又はアンモニウム型となし、
イオン交換後のゼオライトと、アンモニウム塩溶液とを接触させて脱アルミニウムする工程を有するゼオライトの製造方法。 - アンモニウム塩は、シュウ酸アンモニウム、フッ化アンモニウム、ケイフッ化アンモニウム、ホウフッ化アンモニウム、リンフッ化アンモニウム、チタンフッ化アンモニウム又はジルコンフッ化アンモニウムのいずれかである請求項1記載の製造方法。
- イオン交換後のゼオライトを水蒸気に曝露し、然る後に前記アンモニウム塩溶液と接触させる請求項1又は2に記載の製造方法。
- 前記アンモニウム塩溶液と接触させた後のゼオライトを酸処理する請求項1ないし3のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- ゼオライトがベータ型ゼオライト又はモルデナイト型ゼオライトである請求項1ないし4のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
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