WO2021000499A1 - 一种双层护套螺旋电缆及其制造工艺 - Google Patents

一种双层护套螺旋电缆及其制造工艺 Download PDF

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WO2021000499A1
WO2021000499A1 PCT/CN2019/118964 CN2019118964W WO2021000499A1 WO 2021000499 A1 WO2021000499 A1 WO 2021000499A1 CN 2019118964 W CN2019118964 W CN 2019118964W WO 2021000499 A1 WO2021000499 A1 WO 2021000499A1
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Prior art keywords
double
cable
layer
spiral cable
sheath
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PCT/CN2019/118964
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陆春良
王宇
王国权
吴士杰
冯成
宋志斌
席娇娜
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江苏亨通线缆科技有限公司
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Priority to ES202090006U priority Critical patent/ES1290140Y/es
Application filed by 江苏亨通线缆科技有限公司 filed Critical 江苏亨通线缆科技有限公司
Publication of WO2021000499A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021000499A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/06—Extensible conductors or cables, e.g. self-coiling cords
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/42—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes polyesters; polyethers; polyacetals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/42—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes polyesters; polyethers; polyacetals
    • H01B3/421—Polyesters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B5/00—Non-insulated conductors or conductive bodies characterised by their form
    • H01B5/08—Several wires or the like stranded in the form of a rope
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/18—Protection against damage caused by wear, mechanical force or pressure; Sheaths; Armouring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/18—Protection against damage caused by wear, mechanical force or pressure; Sheaths; Armouring
    • H01B7/1875—Multi-layer sheaths

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of special cables, and in particular, to a double-sheathed spiral cable and a manufacturing process thereof.
  • Spiral cables are also called spring cables, which are usually straight cables formed by twisting several insulated cores in a spiral state.
  • Spiral cable is a kind of equipment connection line that uses the flexibility of the spiral cable to work. It is used to realize the connection and transmission of power and signal of the movable equipment during the movement operation, and it can rebound quickly in a short time.
  • the traditional spiral cable uses a single-layer polyether polyurethane to make the sheath, and the tensile strength of the sheath is insufficient.
  • the cable elasticity will be reduced, and the core cannot be effectively protected.
  • the cable life is short and there is a safety hazard.
  • the sheath is a single-layer extrusion, the roundness of the cable is not good; because the cost of polyether polyurethane is relatively high, the cost of the cable is relatively high.
  • the purpose of the present disclosure includes, for example, to provide a double-sheathed spiral cable and its manufacturing process, which has low cost, high strength, good bending performance and good roundness, which can meet the requirements of frequent tension and vibration conditions. The need for long-term stable use.
  • a double-sheathed spiral cable which includes a cable core formed by twisting a plurality of cores, the cable core is sequentially covered with a tape layer, an inner sheath and an outer sheath, and the material of the inner sheath It is polyester polyurethane, and the material of the outer sheath is polyether polyurethane.
  • the material of the inner sheath is a thermoplastic polyester polyurethane elastomer material; the material of the outer sheath is a thermoplastic polyether polyurethane elastomer material.
  • the inner sheath material is high-strength and high elongation polyester polyurethane elastomer (TPU) material, which ensures the cyclic tensile performance and reliability of the spiral cable;
  • the outer sheath material is hydrolysis resistant And low-temperature resistant polyether polyurethane elastomer (TPU) material to ensure the cyclic tensile performance and durability of the spiral cable;
  • the double-layer sheath formed by the above two polyurethane materials can ensure high strength and good bending performance of the spiral cable , And can effectively protect the core wire and extend the service life of the spiral cable.
  • the wire core includes a conductor and an insulating layer wrapped around the conductor; optionally, the conductor is a plurality of copper wire strands twisted together, and the stranded pitch diameter ratio is not more than 20 times; optionally, the insulating layer is Made of PVC.
  • the number of cores is 7, and the 7 cores are divided into two groups, one of which includes 1 core, the other includes 6 cores, and the 6 cores in the same group run along the other The circumferential arrangement of 1 core of the group.
  • all several wire cores are arranged in at least two layers, and the stranding direction of the wire cores of each layer is the same; and/or the stranded pitch diameter ratio of the wire cores is 4-15 times.
  • the insulated cores are evenly twisted together in layers, the stranding direction of the cores of each layer is the same direction, and the stranding pitch diameter ratio is 4-15 times, which is convenient to form a spiral cable and ensures the spiral The bending performance of the cable.
  • the number of cores is 15, 15 cores are divided into two groups, the first group includes 4 cores, the second group includes 11 cores, and the 4 cores of the first group are arranged in a ring
  • the inner layer is formed, and the 11 cores of the second group are arranged around the circumference of the inner layer to form the outer layer.
  • the outer diameters of several wire cores are not completely equal.
  • the material of the wrapping tape layer is polyester plastic, paper or non-woven fabric; and/or, the wrapping tape layer is formed by wrapping, and the coverage rate of the cable core is 10% to 80%.
  • the tape wrapping process is used to evenly wrap the tape on the cable.
  • the coverage rate of the tape to the cable core is 10% to 80% to ensure that the stranded wire cores Compactness and roundness.
  • the thickness of the wrapping tape layer is (0.03-0.20) mm.
  • the total thickness of the inner sheath and the outer sheath is 1.5 mm to 2.0 mm, wherein the thickness direction of the inner sheath is along its radial direction; the thickness direction of the outer sheath is along its radial direction.
  • the total thickness of the inner sheath and the outer sheath is 1.5mm to 2.0mm, which can ensure the strength and bending performance of the spiral cable formed. If the total thickness is too large, the bending performance of the spiral cable cannot be guaranteed, and it is not easy to process into a spiral spiral cable, or the spiral cable is not easy to stretch and restore; if the total thickness is too small, the strength of the spiral cable cannot be guaranteed.
  • the thickness of the inner sheath is (0.2-1.8) mm, and optionally, the thickness of the inner sheath is (0.5-1.5) mm.
  • the thickness of the outer sheath is (0.2-1.8) mm, and optionally, the thickness of the outer sheath is (0.5-1.0) mm.
  • At least part of the double-sheathed spiral cable is arranged in a spiral shape.
  • the outer diameter of the core is (2.0-4.0) mm.
  • the present disclosure also provides a manufacturing process of the double-sheathed spiral cable provided above, which includes the following steps:
  • Polyester polyurethane is used to coat the outer layer of the bag to form an inner sheath
  • Polyether polyurethane is used to coat the inner sheath to form an outer sheath to obtain a linear cable
  • the cable is spirally wound into shape.
  • a wrapping layer is formed outside the cable core, and then an inner sheath of polyester polyurethane and an outer sheath of polyether polyurethane are formed on the outside in sequence.
  • the cable has good roundness and the cost of the formed spiral cable Low, high strength, can meet the needs of long-term stable use in frequent stretching and vibration conditions.
  • the wrapping and forming method of the wrapping tape layer includes: adopting a wrapping tape wrapping process to evenly wrap the wrapping tape on the cable core to form a wrapping tape layer, and the coverage rate of the wrapping tape to the cable core is 10% to 80% .
  • the tape wrapping process is used to evenly wrap the tape on the cable core.
  • the coverage of the tape is 10% to 80%.
  • the wrapping should make the tape layer tight and flat without wrinkles. Or fold to ensure the tightness of the twisted cable cores.
  • the method for forming the inner sheath includes: extruding outside the cladding layer by an extruder, the temperature of each section of the extruder is 180°C to 220°C, and the temperature of the die of the extruder is 180°C to 220°C. 220°C;
  • the method of forming the outer sheath is: extruding outside the cladding layer through an extruder, the temperature of each section of the extruder is 180°C ⁇ 220°C, and the temperature of the die of the extruder is 180°C ⁇ 220°C.
  • a double-layer extrusion process is adopted to form an inner sheath and an outer sheath to ensure the overall elasticity and strength of the sheath.
  • the spiral winding method includes: winding at least part of the linear cable on a coil to form a spiral, and then baking at 130°C to 140°C for 60min to 100min, and air cooling after baking.
  • the air cooling time is 4h-5h; the diameter of the reel is 3-4 times the outer diameter of the cable.
  • the cable is first rolled into a spiral shape, and then heat treated and cold processed to shape the cable into a spiral cable while maintaining the roundness, strength and bending performance of the cable.
  • the present disclosure also provides a manufacturing process for processing the double-sheathed spiral cable provided above, which includes:
  • the inner sheath is covered with polyether polyurethane to form an outer sheath to form a straight cable.
  • the manufacturing process further includes: spirally winding the linear cable into a shape.
  • polyester polyurethane has higher tensile strength and tear strength, better abrasion resistance, and lower price, but Polyester polyurethane is not resistant to hydrolysis.
  • the present disclosure uses different polyurethane materials to make a double-layer sheath to ensure the cyclic tensile performance (ie bending performance) of the spiral cable. To a certain extent, and can be restored to the original spiral shape after the external force is removed.
  • the inner sheath is made of polyester polyurethane
  • the outer sheath is made of polyether polyurethane, which not only has low cost, high tensile strength and tear strength, and good protection of the core wire, but also the double-layer sheath
  • the cable has good bending performance and good roundness, which can meet the needs of long-term stable use under frequent stretching and vibration conditions. It is especially suitable for special cables, such as ABS cables for trailers, with long cable life.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a double-sheathed spiral cable provided by the present disclosure
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a double-sheathed spiral cable provided by the present disclosure
  • Figure 3 is a linear relationship diagram between the thickness of the inner sheath and the bending times of the corresponding cable
  • Figure 4 is a linear relationship diagram between the thickness of the inner sheath and the corresponding cable cost reduction percentage
  • Figure 5 is a linear relationship diagram between the thickness of the inner sheath and the number of bending and drag resistance of the corresponding cable;
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a deformed structure of a double-sheathed spiral cable provided by the present disclosure.
  • Icon 100-spiral cable; 101-core; 110-conductor; 120-insulation layer; 102-cable core; 130-cladding layer; 140-inner sheath; 150-outer sheath.
  • orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms “center”, “upper”, “inner”, “outer”, etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the The orientation or positional relationship that the product is usually placed in the application is only for the convenience of describing the disclosure and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore It cannot be understood as a limitation of the present disclosure.
  • the term “set” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication between two components.
  • the specific meaning of the above-mentioned terms in the present disclosure can be understood in specific situations.
  • a double-sheathed spiral cable 100 provided by the present disclosure is at least partially spiral, and includes a cable core 102 formed by twisting a plurality of cores 101, and the cable core 102 is externally
  • the tape layer 130, the inner sheath 140 and the outer sheath 150 are sequentially covered from the inside to the outside.
  • Both the inner sheath 140 and the outer sheath 150 are made of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer materials.
  • the material of the inner sheath 140 is polyester polyurethane
  • the material of the outer sheath 150 is polyether polyurethane.
  • the present disclosure does not specifically limit the number of the wire cores 101, and a plurality of wire cores 101 can be twisted together and can be bent into a spiral shape.
  • the number of wire cores 101 is 7, that is, the cable core 102 has a 7-core structure.
  • the present disclosure does not specifically limit the arrangement of the plurality of wire cores 101.
  • the plurality of wire cores 101 are arranged in layers around the center line, and may be arranged in one layer, or in two or more layers.
  • the 7 cores 101 are arranged in a layer and twisted together; the stranded pitch diameter ratio of the cores 101 is generally 4 to 15 times, such as 4 times, 6 times, 8 times, and 10 times. , 12 times or 15 times.
  • the material of the inner sheath 140 can be a thermoplastic polyester polyurethane elastomer material, or It is a polyester polyurethane elastomer (TPU) material with high strength and high elongation, such as Basf TDS-S85A-zn.
  • the material of the outer sheath 150 may be a thermoplastic polyether polyurethane elastomer material, or a hydrolysis and low temperature resistant polyether polyurethane elastomer (TPU) material, for example, 1185 A 10HFFR000.
  • the core 101 includes a conductor 110 and an insulating layer 120 wrapped around the conductor 110.
  • the conductor 110 is a plurality of super soft copper wires twisted together (bundles and stranded wires), for example, the conductor 110 is formed by twisting a plurality of ultra-fine category 6 super soft copper wires in accordance with IEC 60228-2004 ;
  • the stranded pitch diameter ratio of the conductor 110 is not more than 20 times, for example, the stranded pitch diameter ratio of the conductor 110 is 5 times, 10 times, 15 times or 20 times.
  • the insulating layer 120 is made of highly wear-resistant PVC, for example, Cabopol FHI-9901-91A.
  • the outer diameter of the wire core 101 is (2.0 to 4.0) mm, and the outer diameter of the cable core 102 is (6.0 to 13.0) mm. It should be noted that the outer diameters of several wire cores 101 are not exactly the same. In other words, each wire core 101 is independent, and its outer diameter can be designed as required. Of course, according to needs, the outer diameters of several wire cores 101 The outer diameter can be set to be the same.
  • the material of the wrapping layer 130 can be polyester plastic, paper or non-woven fabric; the wrapping layer 130 is formed by wrapping, and the wrapping layer 130 covers the outer peripheral surface of the cable core 102, which is opposite to
  • the coverage rate of the cable core 102 is 10% to 80%, for example, the coverage rate of the cable core 102 is 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% or 80%.
  • the thickness of the wrapping tape layer 130 is (0.03-0.20) mm.
  • the total thickness of the inner sheath 140 and the outer sheath 150 is (1.0 ⁇ 2.5) mm.
  • the sum of the thickness of the inner sheath 140 and the thickness of the outer sheath 150 is ( 1.0 ⁇ 2.5) mm, where the thickness of the inner sheath 140 is (0.2 ⁇ 1.8) mm, optionally, the thickness of the inner sheath 140 is (0.5 ⁇ 1.5) mm; the thickness of the outer sheath 140 is (0.2 ⁇ 1.8) mm ) mm, optionally, the thickness of the outer sheath 150 is (0.5-1.0) mm.
  • the double-sheathed spiral cable 100 not only has a lower cost, but also has better strength and bending performance.
  • the present disclosure provides a manufacturing process of the above-mentioned double-sheathed spiral cable 100, which includes the following steps:
  • Step (1) twisting seven cores 101 to form a cable core 102
  • the specific method may be:
  • the copper wire bundle wire and stranding process are used to twist the ultra-fine category 6 super soft copper wire bundles together to form the conductor 110.
  • the strand diameter ratio is strictly controlled within 20 times to ensure that the conductor 110 has high flexibility Bending performance; using an extrusion process, the insulating material is heated, plasticized and melted by an extruder to be uniformly extruded on the conductor 110 and coated on the outer peripheral surface of the conductor 110 to form an insulating layer 120 to obtain a core 101;
  • 7 wire cores 101 are arranged in a layer and twisted together to form the cable core 102 through a cable forming machine, and the stranded pitch diameter ratio is 4-15 times the cable core 102.
  • Step (2) covering the cable core 102 with the tape layer 130, the specific method may be:
  • the tape wrapping process is adopted, and the tape is evenly wrapped on the cable core 102 through the tape head to form a tape layer 130.
  • the coverage of the tape is 10% to 80%, and the tape layer 130 should be tight and flat. Must not be wrinkled or folded.
  • polyester polyurethane is used to wrap the outer sheath layer 130 to form an inner sheath 140.
  • the specific method is:
  • polyester TPU elastomer material it is extruded outside the cladding layer 130 by an extruder.
  • the temperature of each section of the extruder is 180°C ⁇ 220°C, and the temperature of the die of the extruder is 180°C ⁇ 220°C .
  • Step (4) Use polyether polyurethane to wrap the inner sheath 140 to form an outer sheath 150 to obtain a linear cable.
  • the specific method is:
  • the polyether TPU elastomer material is used to extrude outside the cladding layer 130 through an extruder.
  • the temperature of each section of the extruder is 180°C ⁇ 220°C, and the temperature of the die of the extruder is 180°C ⁇ 220°C .
  • Step (5) the cable is spirally wound into shape, the specific method is:
  • the cable is wound on the reel to make the cable at least partially spiral.
  • the diameter of the reel is 3 to 4 times the outer diameter of the cable, and then the cable wound on the reel is baked in a high temperature box at a baking temperature of 130°C ⁇ 140°C, baking time (60 ⁇ 100)min; after baking, air cooling is carried out.
  • the finalized cable is cooled by a fan.
  • the cooling time is generally 4 ⁇ 5 hours. After the air cooling is completed, a double layer will be obtained Sheathed spiral cable 100.
  • the entire linear cable can be wound on a reel to form the entire linear cable into a spiral cable.
  • the part of the linear cable is wound on the reel so that the part of the finished cable is spiral. Processing on demand, no specific limitation is made here.
  • the total thickness of the inner sheath 140 and the outer sheath 150 is controlled to be 1.80mm.
  • the respective thicknesses of the inner sheath 140 and the outer sheath 150 different double-sheathed spiral cables 100 are prepared, and Check the maximum number of cycles of stretching of each double-sheathed spiral cable 100, and the results are shown in Table 1 below:
  • Table 1 draw a linear relationship diagram between the thickness of the inner sheath 140 and the number of cycles of stretching of the corresponding double-sheath spiral cable 100, as shown in Figure 3.
  • the cost of the double-sheathed spiral cable 100 (the cost here is only the sheath material cost) is a linear relationship diagram of the percentage reduction, as shown in Figure 4 .
  • the drag resistance of each double-sheathed spiral cable 100 was tested separately through the drag resistance experiment, referring to the test standard "ISO 14572 2011-10", the drag resistance experiment test Is the length of the outer sheath 150 dragged on the sandpaper.
  • Table 2 According to the inspection results, under the premise that the total thickness of the inner sheath 140 and the outer sheath 150 is constant, the greater the thickness of the inner sheath 140 and the smaller the thickness of the outer sheath 150, the greater the drag resistance of the spiral cable 100. difference.
  • the present disclosure also provides a double-sheathed spiral cable 100, the structure of which is roughly the same as that of the above-mentioned double-sheathed spiral cable 100, except that in the present disclosure, the core
  • the number of 101 is 15, that is, the cable core 102 has a 15-core structure.
  • the 15 cores 101 are arranged in two layers. Specifically, the 4 cores 101 in the middle can be arranged in one layer to form the inner layer, and the remaining 11 cores 101 are arranged along the circumference of the inner layer outside the inner layer, and the inner layer The outside is arranged in one layer to form an outer layer, and the stranding direction of the cores 101 of each layer is the same.
  • the manufacturing process of the double-sheathed spiral cable 100 is roughly the same as the manufacturing process mentioned above.
  • the difference is that the production of the cable core 102 adopts the twisting process, and the cable core 101 is divided by the cable forming machine.
  • the layers are evenly twisted together, the stranding direction of the cores 101 of each layer is the same direction, and the stranding pitch diameter ratio of the cores 101 of each layer is 4-15 times.
  • the double-sheathed spiral cable 100 and its manufacturing process provided by the present disclosure the double-sheathed spiral cable 100 has low cost, high strength, good bending performance and good roundness, which can meet the requirements of frequent pulling Long-term stable use in the extension and vibration conditions.
  • the present disclosure provides a double-sheathed spiral cable 100 and a manufacturing process thereof, which have low cost, high strength, good bending performance and good roundness.

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Abstract

一种双层护套螺旋电缆（100）及其制造工艺，涉及特种电缆领域。双层护套螺旋电缆（100）包括由若干根线芯（101）绞合而成的缆芯（102），缆芯（102）外依次包覆有包带层（130）、内护套（140）和外护套（150），内护套（140）的材质为聚酯型聚氨酯，外护套（150）的材质为聚醚型聚氨酯。双层护套螺旋电缆（100）的制造工艺是将若干根线芯（101）绞合形成缆芯（102），在缆芯（102）外包覆形成包带层（130）；采用聚酯型聚氨酯，在包带层（130）外包覆形成内护套（140）；采用聚醚型聚氨酯，在内护套（140）外包覆形成外护套（150），得到直线型的电缆（100）；将电缆（100）螺旋卷制成型。双层护套螺旋电缆（100）的成本低、强度高、弯曲性能佳、圆整度佳，能够满足在频繁的拉伸、震动工况中长期稳定使用的需求。

Description

一种双层护套螺旋电缆及其制造工艺
相关申请的交叉引用
本公开要求于2019年07月03日提交中国专利局的申请号为201910596771.4、名称为“一种双层护套螺旋电缆及其制造工艺”的中国专利申请的优先权。
技术领域
本公开涉及特种电缆领域，具体而言，涉及一种双层护套螺旋电缆及其制造工艺。
背景技术
螺旋电缆也叫弹簧电缆，通常是由几根绝缘线芯绞合而成的直状电缆经卷制工艺形成的呈螺旋状态的电缆。螺旋电缆是一种利用螺旋电缆的可伸缩性来工作的设备连接线，用以实现可移动设备在运动作业过程中的电力和信号的连接与传输，并可在短时间内迅速回弹。
传统的螺旋电缆采用单层聚醚型聚氨酯制作护套，护套的抗张强度不足，在长期的使用过程中，由于频繁的拉伸和震动，电缆弹性会降低，无法有效保护线芯，导致电缆寿命短，存在安全隐患。而且，由于护套为单层挤出，电缆的圆整度欠佳；由于聚醚型聚氨酯成本比较高，因此电缆的成本较高。
发明内容
本公开的目的包括，例如，提供一种双层护套螺旋电缆及其制造工艺，其成本低、强度高、弯曲性能佳以及圆整度佳，能够满足在频繁的拉伸和震动工况中长期稳定使用的需求。
本公开提供的实施例是这样实现的：
提供了一种双层护套螺旋电缆，其包括由若干根线芯绞合而成的缆芯，缆芯外依次包覆有包带层、内护套和外护套，内护套的材质为聚酯型聚氨酯，外护套的材质为聚醚型聚氨酯。
可选的，内护套的材质为热塑性聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体材料；外护套的材质为热塑性聚醚型聚氨酯弹性体材料。
在上述实现过程中，内护套材质为高强度以及高伸长率的聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)材料，确保了螺旋电缆的循环拉伸性能和可靠性；外护套材质为耐水解以及耐低温的聚醚型聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)材料，确保螺旋电缆的循环拉伸性能和耐用性；由上述两种聚氨酯材料形成的双层护套能够保证螺旋电缆的强度高，弯曲性能佳，而且能够有效保护芯线，延长螺旋电缆的使用寿命。
可选的，线芯包括导体和包裹于导体外的绝缘层；可选地，导体为多根铜丝束绞在一起，束绞节径比不大于20倍；可选地，绝缘层是采用PVC制成。
在上述实现过程中，将多根超软铜丝采用束丝和绞线工艺整合在一起，并严格控制束绞节径比在20倍之内，能够确保形成的导体具有较高的柔韧弯曲性能；采用高耐磨的PVC，便于在导体表面包裹形成绝缘层，而且对导体的保护效果佳。
可选的，线芯的数目为7根，7根线芯分为两组，其中一组包括1根线芯，另一组包括6根线芯，位于同一组的6根线芯沿另一组的1根线芯的周向排布。
可选的，所有若干根线芯排列成至少两层，各层线芯的绞合方向相同；和/或，线芯的绞合节径比为4～15倍。在上述实现过程中，将绝缘的线芯分层均匀绞合在一起，各层线芯的绞合方向为同向，绞合节径比为4～15倍，便于形成螺旋电缆，且保证螺旋电缆的弯曲性能。
可选的，线芯的数目为15根，15根线芯分为两组，第一组包括4根线芯，第二组包括11根线芯，第一组的4根线芯呈环形排列且形成内层，第二组的11根线芯绕内层的周向排布形成外层。
可选的，若干根线芯的外径不完全相等。
可选的，包带层的材质为聚酯塑料、纸质或者无纺布；和/或，包带层是通过绕包方式成型，其对缆芯的覆盖率为10％～80％。
在上述实现过程中，采用包带绕包工艺，将包带均匀的绕包在电缆上，包带对缆芯的的覆盖率10％～80％，确保绞合在一起的若干根线芯的紧实度与圆整性。
可选的，包带层的厚度为(0.03～0.20)mm。
可选的，内护套和外护套的总厚度为1.5mm～2.0mm，其中，内护套的厚度方向沿其径向；外护套的厚度方向沿其径向。
在上述实现过程中，内护套和外护套的总厚度为1.5mm～2.0mm，能够保证 形成的螺旋电缆的强度和弯曲性能。如果总厚度太大，则无法保证螺旋电缆的弯曲性能，不易加工成螺旋状的螺旋电缆，或者螺旋电缆不易拉伸和还原；如果总厚度太小，则无法保证螺旋电缆的强度。
可选的，内护套的厚度为(0.2～1.8)mm，可选的，内护套的厚度为(0.5-1.5)mm。
可选的，外护套的厚度为(0.2～1.8)mm，可选的，外护套的厚度为(0.5-1.0)mm。
可选的，双层护套螺旋电缆的至少部分设置为螺旋状。
可选的，线芯的外径为(2.0-4.0)mm。
本公开还提供了一种上述提供的双层护套螺旋电缆的制造工艺，其包括以下步骤：
将若干根线芯绞合形成缆芯，在缆芯外包覆形成包带层；
采用聚酯型聚氨酯，在包带层外包覆形成内护套；
采用聚醚型聚氨酯，在内护套外包覆形成外护套，得到直线型的电缆；
将电缆螺旋卷制成型。
在上述实现过程中，在缆芯外形成包带层，再依次在外部形成聚酯型聚氨酯的内护套和聚醚型聚氨酯的外护套，电缆的圆整度佳，成型的螺旋电缆成本低，强度高，能够满足在频繁的拉伸和震动工况中长期稳定使用的需求。
可选的，包带层的包覆形成方法包括：采用包带绕包工艺，将包带均匀绕包在缆芯上形成包带层，包带对缆芯的覆盖率为10％～80％。
在上述实现过程中，采用包带绕包工艺，将包带均匀的绕包在缆芯上，包带的覆盖率为10％～80％，绕包应使包带层紧密平整，不得起皱或折叠，确保绞合在一起的缆芯的密实度。
可选的，内护套的形成方法包括：通过挤出机在包带层外挤出成型，挤出机各段温度为180℃～220℃，挤出机的机头模具温度为180℃～220℃；
和/或，外护套的形成方法为：通过挤出机在包带层外挤出成型，挤出机各段温度为180℃～220℃，挤出机的机头模具温度为180℃～220℃。
在上述实现过程中，采用双层挤出工艺，形成内护套和外护套，保证护套整体的弹性和强度。
可选的，螺旋卷制成型的方法包括：将直线型的电缆的至少部分卷在卷棒上形成螺旋状，然后于130℃～140℃烘烤60min～100min，烘烤后进行风冷，可选的，风冷的时间为4h～5h；卷棒直径为电缆外径的3～4倍。
在上述实现过程中，先将电缆卷成螺旋状，再经热处理，冷处理，使电缆定型成螺旋电缆，同时保持电缆的圆整度、强度和弯曲性能。
本公开中还提供了一种加工上述提供的双层护套螺旋电缆的制造工艺，其包括：
在缆芯的包带层外包覆聚酯型聚氨酯形成内护套；
在内护套外包覆聚醚型聚氨酯形成外护套，以形成直线型的电缆。
可选的，制造工艺还包括：将直线型的电缆螺旋卷制成型。
本公开实施例的有益效果包括，例如：
在上述实现过程中，发明人在实现本公开的过程中发现，聚酯型聚氨酯相对于聚醚型聚氨酯，抗张强度和撕裂强度更高，耐磨性更好，而且价格更低，但是聚酯型聚氨酯不耐水解。针对以上两种聚氨酯材料的特性，本公开采用不同的聚氨酯材料制成双层护套，保证了螺旋电缆循环拉伸性能(即弯曲性能)，螺旋电缆整体具有弹性，能够沿长度方向拉伸至一定程度，并能够在外力撤销后恢复至原螺旋状。其中，内护套的材质是聚酯型聚氨酯，外护套的材质是聚醚型聚氨酯，不仅成本低，抗张强度和撕裂强度高，对芯线保护佳，而且该双层护套的电缆的弯曲性能佳，圆整度佳，能够满足在频繁的拉伸和震动工况中长期稳定使用的需求，尤其适合用作特种电缆，比如拖挂车用ABS电缆，电缆使用寿命长。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例的技术方案，下面将对本公开实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本公开的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为本公开提供的一种双层护套螺旋电缆的结构示意图；
图2为本公开提供的一种双层护套螺旋电缆的剖视图；
图3为内护套的厚度与对应电缆的弯折次数的线形关系图；
图4为内护套的厚度与对应电缆的成本降低百分比的线形关系图；
图5为内护套的厚度与对应电缆的弯折次数和耐拖拉次数的线形关系图；
图6为本公开提供的一种双层护套螺旋电缆的变形结构的结构示意图。
图标：100-螺旋电缆；101-线芯；110-导体；120-绝缘层；102-缆芯；130-包带层；140-内护套；150-外护套。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本公开实施例中的附图，对本公开实施例中的技术方案进行描述。
为使本公开实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本公开实施例中的附图，对本公开实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本公开一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。通常在此处附图中描述和示出的本公开实施例的组件可以以各种不同的配置来布置和设计。
因此，以下对在附图中提供的本公开实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本公开的范围，而是仅仅表示本公开的选定实施例。基于本公开中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本公开保护的范围。
应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步定义和解释。
在本公开的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“中心”、“上”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，或者是该申请产品使用时惯常摆放的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本公开和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本公开的限制。
在本公开的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“设置”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过 中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本公开中的具体含义。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本公开的实施例中的特征可以相互结合。
请参看图1和图2，本公开提供的一种双层护套螺旋电缆100的至少部分呈螺旋状，其包括由若干根线芯101绞合而成的缆芯102，缆芯102外由内自外依次包覆有包带层130、内护套140和外护套150。内护套140和外护套150均采用热塑性聚氨酯弹性体材料制成，可选的，内护套140的材质为聚酯型聚氨酯，外护套150的材质为聚醚型聚氨酯。
需要说明的是，本公开对线芯101的数目不作特别限定，若干根线芯101能够绞合在一起，且能够弯曲成螺旋状即可。本实施例中，线芯101的数目为7根，即缆芯102为7芯结构。此外，本公开对若干根线芯101的排列方式不作特别限定，若干根线芯101绕中心线排列成层，可以排列为一层，也可以排列成两层或两层以上，本实施例中，7根线芯101排列成一层，并绞合在一起；线芯101的绞合节径比一般为4～15倍，比如绞合节径比为4倍、6倍、8倍、10倍、12倍或15倍。
为了保证能够形成双层护套螺旋电缆100，且能够满足在频繁的拉伸和震动工况中长期稳定使用的需求，内护套140的材质可以为热塑性聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体材料，还可以为高强度和高伸长率的聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)材料，比如，Basf TDS-S85A-zn。外护套150的材质可以为热塑性聚醚型聚氨酯弹性体材料，还可以为耐水解和耐低温的聚醚型聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)材料，比如，1185 A 10HFFR000。
本实施例中，线芯101包括导体110和包裹于导体110外的绝缘层120。可选的，导体110为多根超软铜丝束绞(束丝和绞线)在一起，比如导体110为符合IEC 60228-2004的超精细的多根第6类超软铜丝绞合形成；导体110的束绞节径比不大于20倍，例如导体110的束绞节径比为5倍、10倍、15倍或20倍。可选的，绝缘层120的材质为高耐磨的PVC，比如，Cabopol FHI-9901-91A。
通常情况下，线芯101的外径为(2.0～4.0)mm，缆芯102的外径为(6.0～13.0)mm。需要说明的是，若干根线芯101的外径不完全相同，换句话说，每根线芯101都是独立的，其外径可以按需设计，当然，根据需要，若干根线芯101的外径可以设置为相同。
本公开中，包带层130的材质可以为聚酯塑料、纸质或者无纺布；包带层 130是通过绕包方式成型，包带层130包覆在缆芯102的外周面，其对缆芯102的覆盖率为10％～80％，比如对缆芯102的覆盖率为10％、20％、30％、40％、50％、60％、70％或80％。
通常情况下，包带层130的厚度为(0.03～0.20)mm。
本实施例中，内护套140和外护套150的总厚度为(1.0～2.5)mm，换句话说，在径向上，内护套140的厚度和外护套150的厚度的总和为(1.0～2.5)mm，其中内护套140的厚度为(0.2～1.8)mm，可选的，内护套140的厚度为(0.5～1.5)mm；外护套140的厚度为(0.2～1.8)mm，可选的，外护套150的厚度为(0.5～1.0)mm。通过对内护套140和外护套150的厚度的合理分配，使得双层护套螺旋电缆100不仅成本较低，而且具有较好的强度和弯曲性能。
另外，本公开提供了一种上述的双层护套螺旋电缆100的制造工艺，其包括以下步骤：
步骤(1)、将7根线芯101绞合形成缆芯102，具体方法可以为：
采用铜丝束丝和绞线工艺，将超精细的第6类超软铜丝束绞在一起形成导体110，严格控制束绞节径比在20倍之内，确保导体110具有较高的柔韧弯曲性能；采用挤出工艺，通过挤塑机将绝缘料加热塑化熔融均匀挤包在导体110上并包覆导体110的外周面以形成绝缘层120，得到一根线芯101；采用绞合成缆工艺，通过成缆机，将7根线芯101排成一层绞合在一起形成缆芯102，绞合节径比为4～15倍缆芯102。
步骤(2)、在缆芯102外包覆包带层130，具体方法可以为：
采用包带绕包工艺，通过包带头的绕包将包带均匀绕包在缆芯102上形成包带层130，包带的覆盖率为10％～80％，包带层130应紧密平整，不得起皱或折叠。
步骤(3)、采用聚酯型聚氨酯，包覆在包带层130外形成内护套140，具体方法为：
采用聚酯型TPU弹性体材料，通过挤出机在包带层130外挤出成型，挤出机各段温度为180℃～220℃，挤出机的机头模具温度为180℃～220℃。
步骤(4)、采用聚醚型聚氨酯，包覆在内护套140外形成外护套150，得到直线型的电缆，具体方法为：
采用聚醚型TPU弹性体材料，通过挤出机在包带层130外挤出成型，挤出 机各段温度为180℃～220℃，挤出机的机头模具温度为180℃～220℃。
步骤(5)、将电缆螺旋卷制成型，具体方法为：
将电缆卷在卷棒上以使电缆至少部分形成螺旋状，卷棒直径为电缆外径的3～4倍，然后将卷绕在卷棒上的电缆通过高温箱烘烤，烘烤温度130℃～140℃，烘烤时间(60～100)min；烘烤完成后进行风冷，可选的，将定型的电缆通过风扇冷却，冷却时间一般为4～5小时，风冷完成后得到双层护套螺旋电缆100。
需要说明的是，在将直线型的电缆卷绕呈螺旋电缆时，可以将整条直线型的电缆均绕设在卷棒上，以将整条直线型的电缆成型为螺旋电缆。或者，将直线型的电缆的部分卷绕在卷棒上，使得加工完成的电缆的部分呈螺旋状。按需加工，在此不进行具体限定。
以下通过试验考察内护套140的厚度和外护套150的厚度对电缆弯折性能的影响。
按照上述的制造工艺，控制内护套140和外护套150的总厚度为1.80mm，通过调整内护套140和外护套150的各自厚度，制备不同的双层护套螺旋电缆100，并检验各双层护套螺旋电缆100的最大循环拉伸次数，结果如下表1所示：
表1 不同厚度的内护套140和外护套150与双层护套螺旋电缆100循环拉伸次数的对应结果
螺旋电缆 内护套厚度/mm 外护套厚度/mm 循环拉伸次数
1 0 1.8 23405
2 0.2 1.6 23605
3 0.4 1.4 23761
4 0.6 1.2 23908
5 0.8 1.0 24004
6 1.0 0.8 24080
7 1.2 0.6 24182
8 1.4 0.4 24280
9 1.6 0.2 24320
10 1.8 0.0 24350
根据表1绘制内护套140的厚度与对应双层护套螺旋电缆100的循环拉伸次数的线形关系图，即图3，另外，根据内护套140的厚度与对应双层护套螺旋电缆100相对内护套140厚度为0mm和外护套150厚度为1.8mm的双层护套螺旋电缆100的成本(此处的成本仅为护套材料成本)降低百分比的线形关系图，即图4。
根据图3可知，在内护套140和外护套150的总厚度一定的前提下，内护套140的厚度越大，对应双层护套螺旋电缆100的循环拉伸次数越大，说明聚酯型聚氨酯相较于聚醚型聚氨酯制成护套，能提高双层护套螺旋电缆100的弯曲性能。
根据图4可知，在内护套140和外护套150的总厚度一定的前提下，内护套140的厚度越大，对应螺旋电缆100的成本越低，说明聚酯型聚氨酯相较于聚醚型聚氨酯制成护套，能降低双层护套螺旋电缆100的成本。
另外，通过耐拖磨实验分别检验各双层护套螺旋电缆100的耐拖磨性(即外护套150的耐磨性)，参考测试标准《ISO 14572 2011-10》，耐拖磨实验测试的是外护套150在砂纸上拖磨的长度，结果如表2所示。经检验结果可知，在内护套140和外护套150的总厚度一定的前提下，内护套140的厚度越大，外护套150的厚度越小，螺旋电缆100的耐拖磨性越差。
表2 不同螺旋电缆的耐拖磨性
Figure PCTCN2019118964-appb-000001
将上述的耐拖磨性和循环拉伸性的结果数据汇总在一起，形成内护套的厚度与对应电缆的弯折次数和耐拖拉次数的线形关系图，如图5所示。
综合上述检验结果可知，当一定厚度的聚酯型聚氨酯型的内护套140和一定厚度的聚醚型聚氨酯型的外护套150配合在一起时，不仅能够降低双层护套螺旋电缆100的成本低，提高弯曲性能，而且双层护套螺旋电缆100的耐水解性佳，满足在频繁的拉伸和震动工况中长期稳定使用的需求。
请参看图6，本公开还提供了一种双层护套螺旋电缆100，其结构与上述提到的双层护套螺旋电缆100的结构大致相同，不同之处在于，本公开中，线芯101的数目为15根，即缆芯102为15芯结构。15根线芯101排列成两层，具体可以是中间的4根线芯101排成一层形成内层，其余11根线芯101沿内层的周向上排列在内层外，在内层的外部排成一层形成外层，各层线芯101的绞合方向相同。
相应地，该双层护套螺旋电缆100的制造工艺与上述提到的制造工艺大致相同，不同之处在于：缆芯102的生产采用绞合成缆工艺，通过成缆机，将线芯101分层均匀绞合在一起，各层线芯101的绞合方向为同向，每层线芯101的绞合节径比均为4～15倍。
综上所述，本公开提供的双层护套螺旋电缆100及其制造工艺，双层护套螺旋电缆100的成本低、强度高、弯曲性能佳以及圆整度佳，能够满足在频繁的拉伸和震动工况中长期稳定使用的需求。
以上所述仅为本公开的实施例而已，并不用于限制本公开的保护范围，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本公开可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本公开的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本公开的保护范围之内。
工业实用性：
综上所述，本公开提供了一种双层护套螺旋电缆100及其制造工艺，成本低、强度高、弯曲性能佳以及圆整度佳。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种双层护套螺旋电缆，其特征在于，其包括由若干根线芯绞合而成的缆芯，所述缆芯外依次包覆有包带层、内护套和外护套，所述内护套的材质为聚酯型聚氨酯，所述外护套的材质为聚醚型聚氨酯。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的双层护套螺旋电缆，其特征在于，所述内护套的材质为热塑性聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体材料；所述外护套的材质为热塑性聚醚型聚氨酯弹性体材料。
  3. 根据权利要求1或者2所述的双层护套螺旋电缆，其特征在于，所述线芯包括导体和包裹于所述导体外的绝缘层；可选地，所述导体为多根铜丝束绞在一起，束绞节径比不大于20倍；可选地，所述绝缘层的材质为PVC。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的双层护套螺旋电缆，其特征在于，所述线芯的数目为7根，7根所述线芯分为两组，其中一组包括1根所述线芯，另一组包括6根所述线芯，位于同一组的6根所述线芯沿另一组的1根所述线芯的周向排布。
  5. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的双层护套螺旋电缆，其特征在于，所述若干根线芯排列成至少两层，各层所述线芯的绞合方向相同；和/或，所述线芯的绞合节径比为4～15倍。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的双层护套螺旋电缆，其特征在于，所述线芯的数目为15根，15根所述线芯分为两组，第一组包括4根所述线芯，第二组包括11根所述线芯，第一组的4根所述线芯呈环形排列且形成内层，第二组的11根所述线芯绕所述内层的周向排布形成外层。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的双层护套螺旋电缆，其特征在于，若干根所述线芯的外径不完全相等。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的双层护套螺旋电缆，其特征在于，所述包带层的材质为聚酯塑料、纸质或者无纺布；和/或，所述包带层是通过绕包方式成型，其对所述缆芯的覆盖率为10％～80％。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的双层护套螺旋电缆，其特征在于，所述包带层的厚度为(0.03～0.20)mm。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的双层护套螺旋电缆，其特征在于，所述内护套和所述外护套的总厚度为1.5mm～2.0mm，其中，所述内护套的厚度 方向沿其径向；所述外护套的厚度方向沿其径向。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的双层护套螺旋电缆，其特征在于，所述内护套的厚度为(0.2～1.8)mm，可选的，所述内护套的厚度为(0.5-1.5)mm。
  12. 根据权利要求11或者12所述的双层护套螺旋电缆，其特征在于，所述外护套的厚度为(0.2～1.8)mm，可选的，所述外护套的厚度为(0.5-1.0)mm。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12中任一项所述的双层护套螺旋电缆，其特征在于，所述双层护套螺旋电缆的至少部分设置为螺旋状。
  14. 根据权利要求1-13中任一项所述的双层护套螺旋电缆，其特征在于，所述线芯的外径为(2.0-4.0)mm。
  15. 一种如权利要求1-14中任一项所述的双层护套螺旋电缆的制造工艺，其特征在于，其包括以下步骤：
    将若干根线芯绞合形成缆芯，在所述缆芯外包覆形成包带层；
    采用聚酯型聚氨酯，在所述包带层外包覆形成内护套；
    采用聚醚型聚氨酯，在所述内护套外包覆形成外护套，得到直线型的电缆；
    将所述电缆螺旋卷制成型。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的双层护套螺旋电缆的制造工艺，其特征在于，所述包带层的包覆形成方法包括：
    采用包带绕包工艺，将包带均匀绕包在所述缆芯上形成包带层，所述包带对所述缆芯的覆盖率为10％～80％。
  17. 根据权利要求15或者16所述的双层护套螺旋电缆的制造工艺，其特征在于，所述内护套的形成方法包括：
    通过挤出机在所述包带层外挤出成型，所述挤出机各段温度为180℃～220℃，所述挤出机的机头模具温度为180℃～220℃；
    和/或，所述外护套的形成方法包括：
    通过挤出机在所述包带层外挤出成型，所述挤出机各段温度为180℃ ～220℃，所述挤出机的机头模具温度为180℃～220℃。
  18. 根据权利要求15-17中任一项所述的双层护套螺旋电缆的制造工艺，其特征在于，所述卷制成型的方法包括：
    将直线型的所述电缆的至少部分卷在卷棒上形成螺旋状，然后将卷在所述卷棒上的所述电缆置于130℃～140℃的环境下烘烤60min～100min，烘烤后进行风冷，可选的，所述风冷的时间为4h～5h；所述卷棒直径为电缆外径的3～4倍。
  19. 一种如权利要求1-14中任一项所述的双层护套螺旋电缆的制造工艺，其特征在于，其包括以下步骤：
    在缆芯的包带层外包覆聚酯型聚氨酯形成内护套；
    在所述内护套外包覆聚醚型聚氨酯形成外护套，以形成直线型的电缆。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的双层护套螺旋电缆的制造工艺，其特征在于，还包括以下步骤：
    将所述直线型的电缆螺旋卷制成型。
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